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DAUTI/CANHANCHOGIAGDUCDAIHOCTAI VIETNAM BANGCHl^GTl/NGHIENCirUTAl KHU VirCDONGBANGSONG HONG Pham Thi Huy^n Tru&ngDgi hgc Kinh ti Qudc ddn Email Phamthihuyenmktg@gmail com Ph^m Hong Chuffng Trudng Bgi[.]
DAUTI/CANHANCHOGIAGDUCDAIHOCTAI VIETNAM: BANGCHl^GTl/NGHIENCirUTAl KHU VirCDONGBANGSONG HONG P h a m Thi Huy^n Tru&ngDgi hgc Kinh ti Qudc ddn Email: Phamthihuyenmktg@gmail com Ph^m H o n g Chuffng Trudng Bgi hgc Kinh te Qudc Email: ddn chuongph64@gmail.com Ngay nhan: 27/12/2016 Ngay nhan ban sCra: 15/2/2017 Ngay duyet dang: 25/2/2017 Tom tSt: Nghien ciru ndy su dung phuang phdp phdn tich kinh te de ddnh gid hieu qud ddu tu cd nhdn cho gido due dgi hgc tgi khu vuc ddng bdng sdng Hdng Ket qud nghien ciru cho thdy gia dinh/ bdn thdn ngudi hgc ddng vai trd quan trgng, la nhd ddu tu cd nhdn lan nhdt cho gido due dai hgc, chiem 64.1% tdng ddu tu cho gido due dgi hoc Sinh vien cua cdc truang phuang tdn khodng 3,2 trieu VND/thdng dgi hgc d dia cho chi tieu ngodi hgc phi so vdi muc trieu VND/ thdng ddi vol sinh vien hgc tgi cdc thdnh phd lan Gido due dgi hgc cd tdc ddng tich cue den thu nhdp vd chdt lugng cugc sdng sau ndy cua ngudi hgc Ngudi cd di hgc sau phd thdng cd dieu kien lam viec tdt han, hudng mirc luong trung binh cao hom vd cd chdt lugng cugc sdng lot hem so vdi nhdm khdng theo hoc Tuy nhien, khdng de ddng de tan dung duac hieu qud vd khuyin khich nguai ddn theo hgc sau phd thdng neu thieu di cdc chinh sdch cua nhd nu&c lis khoa: Giao due dai hpc, dau tu ca nhan, d d n g bang sdng Hdng Personal investment in higher education in Vietnam: Research evidence from the Red River Delta Abstract This research uses economic analysis method to evaluate the effectiveness of personal investment in higher education in the Red River Delta Research results show that families and student themselves pay the largest port of the total studying costs, accounting for 64.1% of total investment in higher education They have to spend about million VND to million VND per month, depending on the place of study- local towns or big cities Higher education has a positive impact on the future income and quality of life of students The working condition, average salary and life's quality of the people who have university degree are mostly higher than those who not Thus people normally pay much for higher education However, it is not easy lo receive benefits from study and so that bring willingness from participation of personal and household investment m higher education without polices from government for higher education _ Keyuords • ^'^^ Higher education, personal investment; ^ / / Boi cdnh nghien Red River Delta qudc gia, dac biet la cac qudc gia dang phat trien ciru n h u Viet N a m Tuy khdng true tidp tao ciia cai vat Giao due ndi chung va gido due dai hoc ndi n c n e '^'^^^ '^'^'^ ^^ '^^' ^^^ nhung nganh kinh tc khac nhung CO vai trd quan trpng doi \ m sir phat tnen CULI c:ic ^^^" '^"'^ ^^' ^^°^ ^^" '^^ '^^' " ^ " ^ ^ " ^^'^ ^^^^ ' " ^ ^ Sd 237 thdng 3/2017 74 kJnll(citiill im cao cho tat ca cac nginh nghe, gdp phSn khdng nhd vao su phat trien cua xa hpi, cai fludn ddi sdng ngudi Xet tren phucmg didn lpi ich ca nhan, vi?c hpc dai hoc khdng chi lam phong phii ddi sdng ca nhan ma cdn dem lai cho ngudi hpc nhidu co hpi viec lam, nhieu canh cira ldn dd budc vao mdt giai doan moi cua CUQC ddi Tuy nhien de cd dugc tSm ve vao dai hpc, ngudi hgc can dSu tu cho qua trinh bgc Hgc phi, chi phi an, d, di lai va cac khoan sinh hoat phi khdc ludn la nhung khoan chi b&t budc ma nha nude khdng the trang trai bdt cho ngudi bgc cho dii d mgt khia canh nao dd gido due dao tao dugc coi la dich vu cdng mgt cudc khao sat vdi 416 ngudi dan khu vuc dong bang thudc nhdm ddi tugng: Nhung ngudi cd theo hgc sau phd thdng (trinh tir cao dSng trd len), va nhiing ngudi khdng theo hgc sau phd thdng (trinh bet Idp 12, tnmg hgc phd thdng), dang sdng va lam viec d khu vuc ddng bing sdng Hdng Cung nhu nhieu nude tren thd gidi, d Viet Nam, giao due la van de dugc ca xa hgi quan tam Trong thdi ky ddi mdi, dat nude da dat dugc nhiing tuu to ldn ve phat trien kinh te - xa hgi Trong t\m chung giao due va dao tao ddng vai trd quan trgng dac biet viec nang cao dan tri, dao tao nhan lire, bdi duong nhan tai Tuy nhien, giao due Viet Nam van cdn bdc Id nhieu yeu kem nhu he thdng giao due thieu ddng bd, thieu tinh lien thdng, chua tao dieu kien hgc tap sudt ddi cho ngudi dan Chat lugng giao due, dac biet la giao due dai bgc cdn chua dap img dugc yeu cau phat tnen cua dat nude Theo thdng ke ciia Bd Giao due va Dao tao nam 2011, 63% sinh vien tdt nghiep that nghiep vi thieu ky nang Khai quat ve dau tu- cho giao due va dau tir ca nhan cho gido d^c dai hoc Dau tu cho giao due mac du dugc coi trgng nhung chua dii dam bao cho nen giao due nude nha cat canh Nam 2014 ngan sach nha nude giam klioang 10% kinh phi dau tu cho giao due so vdi nam 2013 (giam tir 6,600 ty VND xudng cdn 6.000 ty VND) Xu hudng se cdn tiep tuc nhiing nam tdi, De viec giam kinh phi dau tu kliong anh hudng den chat lugng giao due, co sd vat chat, ddi sdng giao vien va hgc sinh sinh vien, ben canh viec tang cudng nang lire quan ly va sir dung hieu qua cac ngudn vdn hien cd, chiing ta can tao dieu kien de khu vuc tu nhan, dac biet la gia dinh va ngudi hgc tham gia vao he thdng giao due dao tao (Dang Thi Minh Hien, 2016), 1.2 Phuong phdp nghien cu-u Tren ca sd tdng quan cac cdng trinh nghien cuu dii cd, cac tac gia da xay dung ind hinh nghien cii'u dc danh gia hicu qua dau tu cho giao due Vdi cimg mdt bang hdi vdi nimng ngi dung nghien cim ve quan diem vdi giao due sau phd thdng, hien trang cudc sdng va trinh hgc van, cac tac gia da thuc hien Sd 23' thdng 3/2017 Bai viat phan tich tong quan vd ddu tu cd nhan cho gido d^c dai hgc, ddng thdi phan tich thi^c trang ddu tu ca nhan cho giao due dai hgc tir kdt qua cudc khao sdt dd Dua tren cac ket qua phan tich, nghien cihi dua mdt sd kdt ludn va kidn nghj cdc giai phap nhim nang cao hieu qua ddu tu ca nhan cho GDDH tai Viet Nam 2.1 Vai trd ciia gido due Vai trd co ban cua gido dpc xa hgi la cung cap eho ngudi kien thuc va su tu tin de tao nen su khdc biet va chuydn hda xa hgi Ciing vdi viec cung cap kien thuc chuyen sau, gido due giiip truyen ba gia tri, tu tudng va hanh vi dugc ky vgng ca xa hdi Dac biet su bien ddi nhanh cua khoa bgc va cdng nghe, giao due la phuong tien chuan bi cho ngudi hgc kien thirc, ky nang va vdn sdng can thiet de ducmg dau vdi nhijng thach thiic cua thi trudng lao ddng, Theo Unesco (2009), giao due dam nhan viec "dgy ngudi" vdi bdn tam cua "Chien luac phdt trien nguai" a the ky XXI: (i) Hgc tri thicc (Con ngudi cd tn thiic chuyen sau, cd trinh hoc van va trinh dd van boa cao, cd kha nang cdng hien); (ii) Hgc cdch lam viec (Biet tao nhiing san pham vat chat va tinh than cd chat lugng cao cho xa hdi, su nang dgng sang tao cdng viec); (iii) Hgc cdch tdn tai (de cd kha nang thich nghi vdi nhip dieu ciia xa hdi bien dai mdi trudng sdng rdng md phiic tap, da chieu, Nhat la xu the hdi nhap hien nay); (iv) Hoc cdch chung sdng (Cd kien thirc v^ ban sac rieng ciia timg dan tdc, am hieu van boa the gidi, dap img dugc xu the quoc td hoa loan cSu Con ngirdi chung sdng doi thoai boa binh), Giao due ludn dugc coi la qudc sach ciia mgi qudc gia, la vQ tdt nhdt de lam cho thd gidi cang tdt dep ban, Trinh dd dan sd cd hgc vdn cao tang len se tao nen lire lugng Iao ddng trinh cao gdp phdn tang tnrdng kinh t6, phat tri£n xa hgi, tana ii'JIiiKlricii hanh phiic ngudi, thuc diy qua trinh khac phuc su bit bmh ddng b^ong xa hdi 2.2 Cdc ngudn dau ttr cho gido due cua ngudi dan cd di hgc hoac ddng gdp tu nguyfn (khdng Hdn quan cd di hgc) vd (vi) thu tii dich vu cua cac ccr sd giao due 2.2.2 Ngudn vdn nu&c ngodi Thdng thudng, ngudn vdn d§u tu cho giao due ciia mdt Von nude ngoai gdm hai ngudn chinh la ngudn qudc gia dugc chia hai nhdm ^ m (i) Ngudn dau vdn ODA va vdn ddu tu true tiep nude ngoai (FBI), tu nude va (ii) Nguon vdn nude ngoai do, ngudn vdn ODA Id ngudn vdn quan trgng 2.2.1 Nguon ddu lu ntcdc nhdt va thudng chidm ty le dang kd (10-15%) Ddu tu nude gdm ngudn chi tur ngan sach ddu tu gido due d cac nude dang phat trien Vdn nha nude (NSNN) va ngudn vdn tir khu vuc tu nhan, ODA dugc dinh nghia Id ngudn vdn cac td chiic NSNN la ngudn chi quan nhdt qudc te vd cac chinh phu nude ngoai cung cdp vdi chidn luge phat trien toan dien cua mdi qudc gia va muc tidu phat trien gido due tai cdc nude dang phat thudng de thuc hien xay d\mg co sd vat chdt, trang trien vdi nhilu uu dai ve iai sudt, hinh thiic va thdi thiet bi, tra luong cho gido vien va dgi ngii quan Iy gian toan Cac td chuc qudc te nhu WB, ADB, gido dye ; ngudn vdn tir khu vuc tu nhdn bao gdm UNDP, UNESCO, UNICEF la nhimg nhd tai tro phdn tidt kiem cua ddn cu, phdn tich liiy ciia cdc td ODA chii yeu cho nganh giao due FDl la ngudn v6n chiic dan doanh cac nha ddu tu nude ngoai true tiep dau tu vao Ci Viet Nam, Dang va Nha nude da cd chii truang lirih vyc giao due nude Tuy nhidn rao can ldn xa bdi hda dau tu cho gido due bdng each cho phep nhat ddi voi ngudn vdn FDl la thu tuc thuang mai cac phdn kinh te khac ciing dugc tham hda va chinh sach bao trg cho ca sd giao dye gia vao ciing vdi ngudn chi tir NSNN Theo dd, cac nude Ngoai ra, cdn mdt sd ngudn vien trg cho giao ngudn dau tu (trong nude) cho gido due d Viet Nam due khdc bao gdm: (i) NSNN, (ii) cdng trai gido due, vay 2.3 Ddu tu cd nhdn cho gido difc ng, vien trg, (iii) mdt phan thu tir sd sd kien thiet danh cho giao due, (iv) hgc phi, (v) cac khoan chi Chi phi cd nhdn cho gido due Id chi phi md mot Hinh Dau tu- eua nha nude va cua ngu"6i ddn cho giao due d Vi^t Nam Ngan sach nha nude Hoc phi -> Tong nguon tai chinh dau tu cho GDDT NSNN Cong trai giao due r^ Ddu nr XD CSVC —> Xa hgi hda thu Xosd kien thidt "^ NCKH /^ Xa hoi hoa cac hoat ddng, dich vu J ! i' ^ Chi thudng xuyen Dong thuc TNDN thua VAT r ^ Trung uong r-> l_J Dia phuang U> p ^ Mam lion k— •—^ leu hgc \0, s6 lai 64% e6 NPV