Nghien ciru An Dp vd Chdu A Sd - 2015 ^ M O T S O V A N D E VE VIEC LAM CHO LAO DONG NONG THON KHU VlTC DONG BANG SONG HONG Phgm Van Hieu* 7" ao dgng v&i vai trd la mgt nguon luc l&n vd quan trgng cd y nghia qityet dinh su J—/ thdnh cdng cua cdng cugc doi m&i vd phdt trien ddt nuac ndi chung vd khu vuc ddng bdng sdng Hong ndi rieng, viec ddo tgo, bo tri vd sic diing lao dgng ddng vai trd trung tdm Nhung thuc ti nhihig ndm vica qua vdn di lao dgng nhiiu bdt cap vd hgn chi Nhicng hgn chi mgt phdn da kim hdm suphdt huy cua cdc ngudn luc phuc vu cho cdng cugc cdng nghiep hod vd hien dgi hod, dgc biit luc lugng lao dong ndng thdn khu vuc ddng bdng sdng Hdng chua theo kip yeu cdu cua su phdt trien, vdy gidi quyit viec ldm cho Iao dong ndng thdn Id mgt nhiim vu ca bdn vd cdp bdch hien Bdi viit ndy se ddnh gid vi vdn de viic ldm cho lao dgng ndng thon giai dogn 2009 - 2013 tic dua mgt so ggi y nham gidi qi^et vdn de viec ldm cho lao dgng ndng thon khu vuc DBSH cho din ndm 2020 Tu khda: lao ddng ndng thdn, ddng bang sdng Hdng Viec Iam d khu vue nong thon a Bong nhung giam rdt cham vd khdng dfiu Bdng bdng song Hong giai doan 2009 - 2013 sau ddy the hifin rdt ro dieu dd Trong giai dogn 2009 - 2013, lao ddng khu vyc ndng thdn da cd xu hudng gidm, *ThS., Tmong D^ hoc Kinh doanh va Cflng ngha Ha Noi 67 Pham Van Hieu Mgt sd vdn de vi viec ldm cho Jao dgng Bang 1: Lao ddng tu 15 tudi trd lfin dang lam viec tgi thdi dilm 1/7 hang nam phdn theo nganh kinh te Dan vi: % Nam 2009 2010 2011 2012 Sff bo 2013 Nong nghiep, lam nghiep va thuy san 58,15 56,16 54,97 53,88 53,42 Khai Ithoang 0,69 0,64 0,63 0,63 0,58 15,73 15,71 15,92 15,24 15,37 San xuat va phan phoi dien, dot, nuoc nong, hai nuac va dieu hoa Ichong Ichi 0,31 0,30 0,32 0,29 0,29 Cung cip nudc; hoat dong quan ly va xu ly rac thai, nu6c thai 0,23 0,27 0,24 0,24 0,26 6,13 7,19 7,27 7,24 7,12 12,17 12,84 13,15 13,97 14,31 Van tai, kho bai 3,37 3,28 3,19 3,31 3,27 Dich v\i luu tru va an uong 3,72 3,96 4,50 4,73 4,83 Cong nghiep che bien, che tao Xay d ^ g Ban buon va ban !e; sua chira to, mo to, xe may va xe c6 dong ca khac Ngudn: Tdng cue thdng ke Nfiu chi tinh viing Ddng bdng Sdng Hdng cd the thdy theo Nifin gidm thdng kfi 2013 thi ty le thieu viec Iam lyc lugng tudi lao ddng vimg ndng thdn Ddng bdng sdng Hdng (DBSH) vdn la khd cao so vdi cd nudc giai dogn 2009 - 2013 Cd the thay rdng ty lfi cd xu hudng giam tir nam 2009 nhung vdn diing "top" dau ve thieu viec ldm ca nudc 68 tai khu vyc ndng thdn (tir 6,57% nam 2009 xudng cdn 3,2% ndm 2013) Dieu chiing td mac du da cd sy cai thien dang ke van de thieu vific lam cua lyc lugng lao dgng ndng thdn, nhien mdc gidm Id khdng dang kfi va vdn chua thodt khdi tinh trang thdt nghiep tgm thdi tgi vimg ndng thdn nhilu ndm qua Nghien ciiu An Do va Chdu A So - 2015 Bdng 2: Ty le thifiu viec Iam cua lyc lugng lao ddng dd tudi d khu vyc ndng thdn phdn theo vimg Dcm vi: Nam 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013* Ca nuac 6,51 4,26 3,56 3,27 3,31 DBSH 6,57 4,23 3,9 3,09 3,20 3,50 2,18 1,95 2,09 1,75 Tay Nguyen 5,47 4,95 3,63 3,51 3,07 Dong Nam Bo 5,52 1,99 1,41 1,51 1,68 DBSCL 10,49 6,35 5,39 5,07 6,00 Trung du va mien nui phia Bac Ngudn: Nien gidm thong ke 2013 * So bo ndm 2013 Nguyen nhan din dentinhtrang la do: a) Ddt chdt, du thira lao dong Tinh dSn thm diSm 2013 vimg DBSH CO dien tich tu nhien la 21.049 lan2, nho nhit cac vung ciia ca nuac (chiem 6,4% dien tfch so voi ca nuac) voi dan sfl 19,655 trieu ngucri, viing DBSH co mat dan s6 cao nhat ca nuac 934 nguai/km^ (gip 3,57 lfin so vol ca nuac 1,57 \m so vai vimg dilng thli hai - viing DNB) va la mot nhiing vimg nflng thon CO mat dfin so cao nhat the gioi Trong tinh, phfl cua ca nuac co mat dp dan sfl tren 1000 ngucri/km^ thi rieng vting DBSH da co tinh, phfl; tinh l^i cting co mat dan sfl gSn 1000 nguM/km^ Dien tich dat dang sii dung ciia vimg DBSH khoang hon 1655 nghin hecta, chiSm gSn 79% dien tich tu nhien ctia vimg, thfip hon vai binh quan chimg ciia ca nuoc (7,89%) Tuy nhien ciia vimg tren thuc ti chi CO tinh Quang Ninh va Hai Phong la CO ty le dat sil dung duoi 80%, cac dia phuang khac vimg deu co mile tren 80%, tham chf co tinh trgn 88% (tihu Vinh Phiic) va cao han nhieu so voi binh qufin cua ca nuoc Binh qufin dat nflng nghiep tren dfiu nguai cua vimg DBSH rat thfip, chi CO 480mVngucri, bfing 41% so vod binh qufin chimg ca nuoc va thfip nhfit so voi cac vimg khac nuac Ty Ie dan cu dfl thi so voi tflng sfl dfin sfl ciia viing DBSH tiifip hon so vod ty le binh qufin cfi nuac (27,3% so vcri 28,1%) Rieng tinh phfa Nam vimg DBSH, ty le dan flii moi dat hon 12,7%, chua bfing mot nira so mile binh qufin chung ca nuoc Trong mfli dfit canh tac nflng nghiep cua ca nuoc phai nuoi 6,4 nguai (o nflng thfln) thi DBSH la 15,7 nguoi; cil dfit nflng nghiep ciia cfi nuoc CO 2,7 lao dong nflng nghiep thl 69 Pham Van Hilu Mgt so vdn de ve viec ldm cho lao dong DBSH chua tdi 6,2 lao ddng Cu rudng canh tac lua, binh quan cd nudc cd lao dgng lam viec thi DBSH la ngudi Nhu vay, d lihiing vimg thuan ndng va dgc canh cay lua nudc, mdi lao dgng ndng nghiep nam chi vdt lgn vdi mdnh ddt lllm^ Sy hinh cua vimg DBSH cd lich su hang nghin nam qua qua trinh bdi dap cua cdc ddng sdng, ve mat dia chat dfi cd dugc 15.000km2 mat ddt ddng bdng chau thd Sdng Hdng thi ty nhifin phdi mdt 6000 nam bfii ddp Dfi cd dugc mgt vimg DBSH vdi nen vdn minh liia nudc nhu hien nay, thi theo cac nha khao cd "DBSH dugc khai thdc tir giai dogn Phung Nguyfin each day 4000 nam vi cac di chi Phimg Nguyen dugc tim thdy d Vinh Phii, Ha Bac, Ha Tay, Ha Ngi vd Hai Phdng" Tuy nhien, cilng cd ^ kiln cho rdng Id viec khai thdc that sy chdu thd Sdng Hong cd le mudn hon vao giai Ddng Son (3000 ndm trudc) tham gia vdo nhung ngdnh sdn xudt cd tien luong thdp nhu det may, da gidy b) Ket cdu hg tdng kem So vdi cdc vimg khdc, vimg DBSH cd lgi the vl cdc cdng trinh tang dugc ddu tu nhilu, nhien da sd lao rat khd cai tgo, ndng cap vd md rdng Nguyfin nhan chu ylu Id viec quy hoach khdng hgp ly vd thiiu dien tich ddng thdi rdt tdn kem phdi den bu tien giai phdng mat bdng Them vao dd, mgt sd cdc cdng trinh hg tdng dap ling cho cdc khu cdng nghe cao Hifin tai viing chua cd cong vifin phdn mlm hogc cdng vifin Silicon nhu Vimg Dfing Nam Bg Nhifiu khu thi mdi nhanh chdng xudng cap vd thifiu cac khu dich vu hoac cdc kfit cdu tdng xa hgi di kem nen dd khdng phdt huy dugc hifiu qua Cdc cdng trinh thuy lgi dfiu xudng cdp trdm trgng, nen gap rat nhieu khd khan cho vific thoat nudc, tudi nudc ciing nhu can Trong do, mac dii cd chdt lugng lao trd giao thdng thuy ddc bifit d khu vyc ndng ddng khd nhat ca nudc d mdt sd ITnh thdn, sdng ngdi thi bi bdi ldp cd noi den vyc, nhung nhin chung, chdt lugng lao 1,3m Cac tram bom cii ky da sd xdy dyng ddng cua vimg chua dap iing dugc nhiing td nhiing nam 60, 70 cua thfi ky trudc Ca yfiu cau dgt Hdu bet cdc chu dau tu FDI biet cd cdng trinh nhu cdng Lifin Mgc, cdng ddu tu vao cac KCN, KCX phdi mat vdi Lifin Son (Vinh Phiic) van hdnh tu thdi thdng ddo tao dfii vdi cac lao dgng khdng Phdp Ddy la ly khien vya lua ldn thd phuc tap hogc phdi cii cac lao ddng cd trinh hai ciia cd nudc lifin tuc chiu cdnh bet han ky thudt di tu nghiep tai nudc ngoai lai ngdp He thdng thuy lgi Bdc Hung Hdi Difiu da lam tang chi phi vd thdi gian cung xuong d p nghifim trgng d nhilu doan ddi vdi cdc cdng ty mudn ddu tu vao vimg vd gap nhilu khd khdn viec dilu tilt va ldm gidm tinh hap ddn cua vimg Cdc lao thuy ndng va giao thdng thuy ddng vimg chu yeu hogt ddng Vimg DBSH hign chua cd sdn bay qufic cac ITnh vyc nhu lap rdp may mdc, hogc tfi ldn tuong xiing vdi tdm vdc cua thu dd cua mgt quoc gia 100 trifiu ddn tuong 70 Nghien ciiu An Do vd Chau A Sd - 2015 lai gdn Thfim vao dd, vdi vi the la mdt viing dau mdi, cd sdn xudt ldn, cd bd bifin khdng ngdn, cd kha ndng phdt trifin cdng nhung hien vimg chua cd cdng bien ldn cd khd ndng trung ehuyln qudc tfi ciing dang Id mdt ban chfi rdt ldn dfii vdi ddi vdi sy phdt trien Ngodi ra, he thdng van tai chua dugc td chiic vd van hdnh ddng bg, gdy can trd cho vific thdng thuong va giai phdng hdng hda tai cdc cang Tai thdi diem hien tai, nhung ke hoach xdy dyng dudng cao tdc mdi bdt ddu dugc thyc hien xdy dyng vd cdn phdi 10 ndm niia hdu het cdc tuyfin dudng cao tdc mdi di vao sii dung c) Ca cdu ngdnh nghe chua hien dgi, trinh dg cdng nghe thdp Ty le cdng nghfi tifin tifin cua cdc doanh nghifip viing hien chua dugc 3%, ty lfi ty ddng hda dudi 10%, nhin chung hieu qua sdn xudt vimg cdn tuong ddi thdp d nhilu ITnh vyc, cu the la nang sudt rudng ddt thdp, tieu hao difin cao, nang suat lao d^ng cdc nganh thdp, hfi so ICOR cao, xudt khdu rdng thdp (khodng 3035%) trinh dd khoa hgc ky thudt cdng nghe va trinh dd qudn ly cua cdc co sd sdn xudt cdn thdp xa so vdi khu vyc vd thfi gidi, cac sdn phdm vdng nghiep chu ylu deu thufic nhdm thay thl nhdp khdu, chu ky san phdm ngdn, ndng lyc cgnh tranh ylu Di liln vdi tinh trgng la phdt trien chua ben viing vd khd ndng canh tranh thdp cac dich vu hd trg doanh nghifp cdn yfiu Trong nfin kinh tfi thi trudng, cac co sd kinh doanh diu rdt cdn cdc dich vy hd trg doanh nghiep td phia cdc co quan cdng quyen cung nhu mgt thfi chi hd trg thj trudng ma dya vdo do, cdc hoat ddng dich vy hd trg doanh nghiep phdt trifin nhu hd trg thdng tin, hd trg phdp Iy, tu vdn vimg DBSH vdi cdc thdnh phd ldn nhu Hd Ndi, Hdi Phdng, Hg Long, cd the cd thfi coi la nhiing noi cd cdc dich vu hd trg doanh nghifip khd hon nhifiu viing khac, nhung so vdi yfiu cdu phdt trifin va hfii nhdp thi cdn yfiu Tan du cua co che ke hogch hda tap trung cd the la mdt nhung nguyen nhdn chu yeu gdy tinh trang Giai dogn vda qua, cac khu cdng nghiep, khu che xuat, khu dd thi phdt trien nhanh nhung cdng tac qudn l^ vd quy hogch phat trien cdc khu cdn nhieu bdt cap, chua dap iing dugc yeu cau phdt trien nhanh cd vfi kinh tfi ldn xa hfii nfiu xet ve quy md, vimg DBSH hien cd sd khu cdng nghifip, khu che xudt diing thii hai ca nudc nhung nfiu xet ve sd lao ddng tren Iha difin tich ddt ty nhifin cua khu cdng nghifp, khu chi xuat thi DBSH thdp hon trung binh chung cua cd nudc vd thdp hem cac vimg DNB, DBSCL va -Bdc Bg, Duyfin Hdi Trung Bg nhifiu vdn de lifin quan den chuyin ddi muc dich sir dung ddt, tgo cdng an viec ldm, quy hoach kien tnic dd thi,v.v dang dugc dgt cdn phdi cd nhiing nghifin ciiu hodn chinh, tdng the nhdm gidi quyfit nhiing yeu kem bdt cdp d) To chuc lanh thd bgc lg nhieu bdt cap Sy phdi hgp lifin tinh chua dam bdo Pham Van Hieu Mdt so vdn de ve viec ldm cho lao dong phat tri^n can dfli vfi hai hfla tofin vimg ChS KHH tap tnmg gay tinh trang tri tre k^o dai, tam ly i lai, thu dflng, tinh trang hfinh chinh hfla, cfit cii dia phucmg a vimg DBSH rit nang nS, la mot chuang ngai cue lon doi vfli qua trinh doi mod va mfl cila, chuyen dfii co che kinh te Men Timg tinh la mgt dcm vi kinh t^ xa hoi doc lfip nen thiSu sir bfl sung, bi trg lfin nhau, chua tao dugc mgt sire manh tong hgp lfim co sfl cho tang nang suat lao dpng, tang hieu qua ciia cac ho^t dflng san xuat kinh doanh Th6m vfio dfl su chSnh lech giau ngheo cua vimg Dflng bfing sflng Hflng la rfit lon, dac biet giUa hai tieu vimg: Vimg KTTD Bfic Bo va Vimg Nam DBSH Cac tinh, phfl fl phia Bfic vimg DBSH cfl cfic thfinh phfl lon nhu Ha Nfli, Hai Phong, Ha Long lfi nhihig trung tam thuang mai vfi giao luu quoc tS cua vimg va ca nuac; lfi dia bfin tap tnmg lon cac nganh cflng nghifp vfi dich vu tap trung phfin lon can bfl khoa hgc, cac trucmg dai hgc vfi trung tfim nghien ciiu cua vimg Trong tieu vimg phia Nam chii yeu van la san xuat nflng nghiep cflng nghiSp vfi dich vu chua phat trien rfit ft cdc trung tfim phfit triln Hien nay, ti6u vimg Bic DBSH chiSm tod 83,6% tflng GDP cua vimg; GDP binh qufin dau ngufli, dat gin 1200 USD gip 1,2 lin cfi vimg DBSH va gfip gfin lfin cua cfic tinh Nam DBSH; thu ngfin sach tren dflng GDP gap 1,1 lan ca vimg DBSH vi gip 1,8 lan so cfic tinh phia Nam vimg DBSH Xufit khiu binh quan dau ngufli gip 1,3 lin ca vimg DBSH va gip 4,8 lin vimg Nam DBSH Cfic tinh Nam viing DBSH cfl mile tiiu ngfin sach thip, thu khflng dO chi (hfing nam nhfin trg cip cua trung uong khofing 70-80%) Mac dil ty le ciia dfl thi cua vimg DBSH thap horn-so ca nuoc nhung toe dg dfl thj hfla lai nhanh nhit cfi nuac (9,2%ti-ongthfli ky 2006 - 2009) Tuy nhien, tflc dfl thi hoa nhanh cfic quyet dinh hfinh chinh la chu ygu nSn thuc te, thi Vimg chi cfl su chuyen biSn ve lugng nhung lai gan nhu khong cfl nhilu sir thay dfli ve chat them vao do, hiu hst cfic trung tfim phat triSn dJu bfim dgc duflng giao thong lai cac khu vuc xa cfic tuySn lg kem phat trien Do cfic dfl thj phinh to theo quy mfl, theo chieu rgng ma chua phfit trien theo chieu sau nen tfln nhieu dien tich tai mgt vimg dat cfl mfit dfin cu cao nen chua phat huy day du the manh ciia vimg dong bfing chfiu thfl trii phii nhit fl phia Bic Ngofii ra, vimg DBSH dang xfiy tinh trang cac khu cflng nghiep, cfic nha mfiy san xuat bia, xi mang fl hau het cfic tinh phat trien tran lan, thieu tinh quy hogch, thieu tfnh he thong vfi khong tufin theo lgi the so sfinh cua tiing tinh, cfic tuySn duong Uen tinh thuflng dugc xfiy dung tfln nhiSu thai gian vfi thuflng tfic fl cac diSm giao giua cfic tinh Mgt so de xuat nhfim giai quyet vifc lam cho Iao flgng nflng thon khu vm; DBSH aIn nam 2020 a) Ndng cao chdt luong sdn xudt ndng nghiep ddng thai too viec ldm cho nguai ndng ddn Nghien eiiu An Do va Chau A Sd - 2015 DBSH vdi phdn Idn ngudi dan d ndng thdn, ddi sdng thu nhdp gdn vdi sdn xudt ndng nghiep, dl nang eao thu nhap, cdi thifin muc sdng cho ngudi ddn ndng thdn viing DBSH, nhihig giai phdp nhdm gidi phdng vd ndng cao hieu qua su dung ngudn luc san xudt la rat cdn thilt va him hieu Trudc hfit, cdn ddy mgnh nhanh qud trinh tap trung rugng ddt d nong thdn cac tinh vimg DBSH, trien khai thyc hien tdt vific ddn difin ddi thiia, sdm khdc phuc tlnh trang ddt dai bi chia cat phan tan Dfi lam dugc dieu ndy, can ban hdnh chinh sdch khdng dinh quyfin su dung dat Idu dai cho ndng dan bd ndng cao muc hgn difin dfi thuc ddy qua trinh tich tu dat lau dai cho ndng ddn vd ndng cao miic ban dien dfi thiic ddy qua trinh tich tu ddt cho sdn xudt hang hda Ddng thdi, difiu chinh khung gid ddt ndng nghifip va den bii thda dang, cdng khai, minh bgch nhdm dam bao lgi ich chinh dang cua ndng nghifp sang cac muc dich phi ndng nghifip, nhat la ddt liia DBSH ddng gdp difin tich rat ldn dat trdng liia dien tich ddt trdng liia ciia cd nudc, day cung la vimg trdng iiia cd ndng suit vd chdt lugng cao Vi vdy, vific chuyin ddi muc dich sir dung ddt cdn qudn triet chu tniong dn dinh dien tieh ddt trdng liia de dam bdo an ninh luong thyc qudc gja mgi tinh hudng Cdn cd quy hogch va ke hoach cu the viec chuyen ddi dat trdng liia vd dam bao hieu cao cua viec chuyfin ddi mdt bg phdn ddt lua nang suat thdp sang ddu tu khu cdng nghiep khu chfi xudt hay nufii trdng thuy sdn trfing cdy cdng nghiep, cdy an qua dfi gidi quyet vific lam cho ngudi lao dfing Ngodi ra, cdn khuyen khich va tao dieu kien cho lao dgng ndng nghiep chuyin dich sang khu vyc kinh te phi ndng nghiep, tao nhieu cdng an vific lam tai chd cho lao ddng ndng thdn qua viec ddy manh cdng nghifip hda, hien dgi hda, hinh nen sdn xudt ndng nghifip hang hda vd tap trung phat trien manh cdc nganh cdng nghiep phuc vu ndng nghiep Mdt hudng niia can tap trung la phat trien kinh te trang trgi dfi vua gidi phdng sdc sdn xuat, vira ddm bao che bien, tifiu thy sdn phdm ndng nghiep cho ndng dan, ddng thdi tgo nhieu viec lam mdi, da dgng ve logi hinh d eac ITnh vyc khac b) Phdt trien ldng nghe So vdi cac viing khdc, vimg DBSH hdi tu nhieu yeu td tgo co hgi phat trifin ldng nghe mfit each ben vung, theo hudng bao tdn vd phdt trien lang nghfi truyen thong, kit hgp vdi du lich Vdi dgc diem Id vya Ilia ldn nhdt ciia mien Bdc, sd lugng lao ddng ndng nghiep dgc diem san xudt cd tinh thdi vu, DBSH ed lgi the ddc bifit v l , yfiu td ngudi viec phdt trifin Idng nghfi Phat triln ldng nghfi se tgo thfim vifc lam cho ngudi ndng dan liic ndng nhdn, gdp phdn tdng tHem thu nhdp cho nong ddn Thyc tl da chiing minh tgi mfit sd lang nghfi nhieu gdm Bdt Trang, son mdi Chuyfin My, lua Vgn Phiic, sdn phdm cac lang nghe khdng chi xuat khdu sang cac nudc ma cdn ban cho khdch du lich nude va quoc tl, vgy thdi gian tdi 73 Pham Van Hieu Mdt sd vdn de vi viec ldm cho lao dong can dfiy manh khai thfic huflng phfit trien du Hch gfin vod Ifing nghS va cfic hoat dflng kinh doanh phu trg phuc vu khfich du lich theo huflng: + Xay dung quy hoach ke hoach phfit tiiSn Ifing nghS, gin voi vimg nguyen Ueu, gan vfli cfic tuyen, diem du lich, dfl, khuySn khich tri vfi phat trien cfic ngufln nguyen vfit lieu nufle, trfinh tinh trang phu thugc vao nguyen vat lieu nhap khiu tit nyoc ngofii Dflng thoi cfl kS hoach xfiy dung canh quan phii hgp vod muc tiSu du lich lang nghS, huy dOng nguin lire de iflng ghep cfic chuang trinh du lich nhim phat trien Ifing nghi du lich mgt each bfii ban, dong thod cfl ttnh dSn vfin dl ve sinh mfli truomg nflng thon nhu nufle sgch, xir ly rfic thfii, nufle thai + Phfit huy nfing luc ciia nghe nhan, cho phep dua nhiing sfin phfim cfl chat lugng tot hon, nfing suat cao hon, can tfing cuong phfl bien va img dung cflng nghe qufi trinh sfin xuit Chfing ban cfic ky thufit xic ly nguyen lieu, chong mfli, mgt, kf thugt che bien nguySn U?u phu, phu gia + Dfio tgo cfin bfl qufin ly vfi thg thu cflng mgt each bfii bfin, nhfi nufle cfin cfl chinh sfich hfl trg cfic nghe nhan truyin nghi, dfio tgo nghi, hinh thfinh the he nghe nhfin tuang lai, dflng thod cfl cfic hinh thiic tfln vinh nghe nhan, tao dilu kien cho cfic righS nhan tham khao kinh nghiem quoc te, vfi cfl CO hgi quang bfi nghi, day lfi vin dl cot yeu doi vod s\r tri vfi phfit triln mgt Ifing nghi, trfinh nguy ea mai mgt mfi mflt so Ifing nghi da va dang gap phfii 74 c) Phdt triin cdc khu cong nghiep cdng nghe cao Mgt lgi thl mfi ngoai DBSH khflng vimg nao cfl dugc lfi thii dfl nfimti-ongvimg DBSH, khong chi 14 tiimg tfim chinh tri mfi cfln Ifi trung tam kinh tl va vfin hofi ciia cfi nufle, viec phfit triln cfic khu cflng nghiep, khu chS xuit tai Ha Ngi va cfic tinh, phfl lan cfin lfi rit thufin lgi, dat hieu qua kinh ts cao, tiSu bilu lfi Khu Cflng nghe cao Lfing - Hoa Lgc Do vay cfin rfi sofit, dieu chinh quy hogch cfic khu cflng nghiep vimg mflt cfich hgp ly, can cii vfio tilm nang, lgi the phfit triSn cua timg tinh, phfl vfi khu vuc, tgo dugc sir liSn kSt giua cac hinh thilc to chuc sfin xuit, dong thai phai ti'nh tofin dSn sir ySu to bSn ngofii khu cflng nghifp, khu che xufit cung nhu thi truomg vfi ngoai nufle, ngofii viec xay dimg khu cong nghiep phai tufin thii diing quy hoach da dugc phS duyet dS co ths khai thac dugc Igi thS so sfinh cua dia phuang vfi cfic doanh nghiep cimg nhflm ngfinh, su dung cfl hieu qufi cfic dien tich phuc vu khfic ngofii khu cflng nghiSp, khu chS xufit BSn canh dfl cin eo co che thufin lgi dl thu hut doanh nghiSp diu tu, lip diy dien tich cua khu cflng nghiSp, thflng qua cfic viec cfii cfich thu tuc hfinh ehinh, hfl tra va khuySn khich doanh nghiSp vl flml doanh nghiep, thul sil dyng dit theo quy djnh cua nhfi nuac; dong thai chu dgng, sfing tao huy dgng cac nguon von tai eh§, H,ai thfic nhiing dieu kien thufin lgi cua dia phuone nhu ngufln nhfin lire, dat dai, giao ^ van tai, ti-finhtinh ti-ang dia phuong nhu Nghien cdu An Do vd Chau A Sd - 2015 ngufin nhdn lyc, dau tu, bdt chdp cac yeu td xa hgi, mdi trudng Hoan thifin co sd tdng tgi cdc khu cdng nghiep, cd cac ehinh sdch khuyfin khich doanh nghiep xay dyng cdc CO sd phiic Igi xa hgi phuc vu ddi sdng cdng nhan tai khu edng nghiep d) Xudt khdu lao dgng Day la hudng giai quyet viec lam khfing chi danh cho vimg DBSH ma cho tdt cd cdc viing trfin cd nudc, vi vdi trinh van hod tuong ddi khd so vdi mat bang cd nudc va kha nang tifip can cdc co sd day nghe cimg tinh da dang nghe dugc ddo tgo vung, ngudi dan DBSH cd dieu kien thudn lgi dl tham gia sdn xudt lao dgng cdc chuong trinh hd trg khdi sy doanh nghiep, ddo tao chu doanh nghiep nhd, chuyin giao cdng nghe vd khoa hgc quan ly kinh doanh cho ngudi lao ddng, cdc chuong trinh xiic tien thuong mgi md rdng thi trudng Tren co sd dd, thiic ddy phat trifin he thdng doanh nghiep vira va nhd, tgo mdi trudng thu hut Iao dgng phd thdng, Iao ddng ban lang nghfi ciia cac hfii ngheo vung vdo lam vific, nang cao thu nhdp, cdi thien ddi sfing - Xay dyng vd thyc hifin chuong trinh trg giup lag dgng ndng thdn, lao ddng ylu the tim viec tren thi trudng lao ddng (tu van vific ldm, mdi gidi viec lam, ); hd trg cdc ddi tugng ddo tgo Igi nghe e) Gidi quyit cdc vdn de xd hgi v&i cdc nghiep de tai hod nhap thi trudng lao ddng nhom yiu thi trudng hgp mdt vific lam chuyin - Hd trg dao tao chuyin ddi nghfi cho ddi CO cdu kinh tfi lao dgng mdt vific lam bi nhd nudc thu J) Xdy dung vd dp dung mgt so ca chi, hdi ddt, chuyen ddi muc dich su dung ddt, chinh sdch khuyin khich dgy nghi, thuc ddc biet la cdc hg gia dinh ngheo thudn hien cdc gidi phdp gidi quyet viic ldm ndng, hd gia dinh thudc difin chinh sdch xa Tu din ndm 2020, DBSH cd tdc hdi lao dgng la ngudi tdn tat cdng nghifip hda, dd thj hda cao, thi trudng - Lap va triln khai vdo thyc tifin cac dy lao dgng vimg phat trien nhanh, cdc ludng an dao tgo nghe tu viec tranh thii ngudn Iao ddng di chuyin trfin thi Iao dgng da kinh phi cua trung uong, dja phuong, td dang, la yfiu to quan trgng thiic ddy sy hoat chiic qudc tl, td chde nudc tai trg de ddng hieu qua cua thi trudng lao ddng Tuy dao tao nghfi cho cdc dfii tugng thiiu nhifin, dfi phat huy tdc ddng tich cyc cua cac nien lang thang co nhd, tre em md cdi, ludng di chuyfin lao dgng vdo vung, ngudi tan tat cdn hodn thien cd chinh sach phu hgp vdi sy - Phdt trifin he thdng tin dung tgi ndng phdt trien kinh te thj trudng de dieu tiet, thdn, tgo dieu kien thudn lgi cho cdc hd qudn ly cdc ludng di chuyfin lao dfing n ^ ndng thdn vay vdn de chuyen ddi tir nghi mfit sfi chinh sdch cdn tap trung nhu sau: ndng nghiep sang cdc nganh nghfi phi ndng Tgo chinh sdch thdng thodng nghiep Trong qud trinh nay, cdn thyc hifin nhdp cu ciia lao ddng, dan cu vdo cac vimg Phgm Van Hieu Mdt so vdn de ve viec ldm cho lao dong ngudi vira la myc tieu vda la ddng lyc phdt triln kinh tl xd hdi Kfi hogch giai Chinh sdch eho lao ddng ndng thdn quyet viec lam cho lao ddng ndng thdn khu thugc eae dia phuong vimg kinh te vyc ddng bdng sdng H^ng ndm he trgng difim di chuyfin dfin lam vific tai cdc thdng kl hogch phat triln kinh te xa hdi, khu cdng nghiep, dd thj hda nhanh nhiing gidi phdp vfi vific lam khdng chi viing dl ban chfi tinh trgng phdn mdng thi nhdm dua phuong an su dung tdi da trudng lao ddng gdy tinh trang phdn bifit ngudn nhdn lyc ma quan trgng nd cdn dua dfii xu giiia lao ddng ndng thdn va lao dgng cdc bifin phdp nhdm phdt trien toan dien vfi ngudi Gidi phdp viec ldm mdt mat thdnh thi trfin thj trudng lao ddng nd Id kfi hogch bifin phap de thyc hien Hodn thien chinh sdch tien luong, tifin cdng ke hogch tang trudng cua khu cfing nhu tien luong tfii thieu viing, tifin vyc, ke hogch chuyfin djch co cdu kinh tfi luong tfii thifiu ngdnh, tifin phu cdp cdc logi nhung mat khac nd la kfi hogch myc tieu cdn thiet de gdp phdn thuc hifin difiu tilt gdp phdn phdt triln kinh te xa hdi cua khu cung cdn lao dgng kifiu qud trfin dia ban vyc DBSH va ddt nudc viing Tai lieu tham khdo Cd chinh sdch thu hiit lao dfing chuyfin Nien gidm thfing ke 2013 mdn ky thuat cao khan hiem thugc nhiing So lieu thong ke lao dgng viec iam d nghfi dang cd sy phdt trifin nhanh vimg, vira cd tac dung dam bdo cung ung Viet Nam cac nam, Nxb Lao dong thuong lao ddng cho cac ITnh vyc kinh tl, vua cd binh xa hgi kinh te trgng diem, ddc biet la ddi vdi Iao ddng tre, lao ddng chuyen mdn tdc dung kich thich dao tao lao ddng chuyen mdn ky thudt cho nganh nghi dang thiiu hut nghifim trgng vimg Bao cdo tdng hgp quy hoach tdng the phat trien kinh tl - xa hgi viing DBSH den nam 2020 - Bg Ke hoach va Dau tu Tdm lgi, ngufin lao ddng ndng thdn dugc xem la ylu td co bdn, yfiu td nang dgng nhdt gdp phdn quan trgng cho sy phdt trien nhanh kinh tl cua vimg DBSH vd sy phat triln kinh tl cua ddt nudc mdt cdch bin vimg, cho nfin qua trinh phdt trien kinh te xa hdi ddt nudc ndi ehung ngudi can dugc dgt vdo vi tri trung tdm, Xu hudng lao dong va xd hgi Viet Nam 2009 - Bo lao dgng thucmg binh vd xa hoi Mpt so trang web: 76 -http://gso.gov.vn - http://molisa.gov.vn -http://vneconomy.com ... tu khu cdng nghiep khu chfi xudt hay nufii trdng thuy sdn trfing cdy cdng nghiep, cdy an qua dfi gidi quyet vific lam cho ngudi lao dfing Ngodi ra, cdn khuyen khich va tao dieu kien cho lao. .. quy md, vimg DBSH hien cd sd khu cdng nghifip, khu che xudt diing thii hai ca nudc nhung nfiu xet ve sd lao ddng tren Iha difin tich ddt ty nhifin cua khu cdng nghifp, khu chi xuat thi DBSH thdp... ciia cfi nuoc CO 2,7 lao dong nflng nghiep thl 69 Pham Van Hilu Mgt so vdn de ve viec ldm cho lao dong DBSH chua tdi 6,2 lao ddng Cu rudng canh tac lua, binh quan cd nudc cd lao dgng lam viec thi