NGHIEN CUU TRAO BOI PHCrONG PHfiP GIUP DO SINH VIEN YEU KEM, C(i BIET Tfil TRCTGfNG D^l HOC KINH TE CONG NGHIEP LONG fiN • TS LE 0 I N H VIEN (*) TOM T A T Sinh vien hpc tap yiu kem vd sinh vien cd bi[.]
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO BOI PHCrONG PHfiP GIUP DO SINH VIEN YEU KEM, C(i BIET Tfil TRCTGfNG D^l HOC KINH TE CONG NGHIEP LONG fiN • TS LE I N H VIEN (*) TOM T A T Sinh vien hpc tap yiu kem vd sinh vien cd biet Id tra nggi chu yiu qud trinh ndng cao chdt lugng ddo tgo tir cdc trudng dgi hpc, cao dang dgc biet Id cdc truang dgi hpc, cao ddng ngodi cdng lap So sinh vien hpc tap yeu kem cd biet (YK, CB) nhieu hay it a cdc truang dgi hpc vd miic dp tien bd ciia sd sinh vien noi tren nhanh hay cham, thudc phdn lan den cdc phuang phdp dugc sii dung qud trinh gidng dgy vd qudn ly Bdi viet neu mdt sd khdi niem, quan diim ve gido due sinh vien cd biet vd mpt sd gidi phdp nhdm giup da sinh viin YK, CB vuan len hpc tap Tie khoa: Sinh viin, gido vien, yiu kem, khdc phuc, chdt lugng, ddo tgo SUMMARY Weak and particular students are major impediment in the process of improving the quality of training from universities and colleges, especially non-public universities and colleges The number of weak and particular students at universities andfast or slow progress level of the above students largely depend on the applied methods in the process of teaching and management This article mentions some of the concepts and viewpoints on educating weak and particular students and some specific measures to help these students make progress in learning Key words: Students, teachers, weak, overcome, quality, training Dat van 36 Tnrac het can phai xac dinh rang de dao tao nhimg sinh vien yeu hoac ca biet nhung sinh vien tnioTig dat chuan dau phuc vu t6t cho nguoi su dung lao dong la mot cong viec v6 cung kho khan, doi hoi nha truong phai CO nhieu bien phap, phai kien tri, phai dau tir cong siic, tam va tri gap tham chi gap 3, lan so v6i viec dao tao nhiing sinh vien kha va gioi Mac du cung huong thu npi dung dao tao giong nhau, nhung o m6i sinh vien d8u co su phat trien the chit va tri tue khac nhau, co dpng CO va thai dp hpc tap khac din den nang lire hpc tap, kha nang tiep thu ki8n rCN L A;l?Bi"en tip Tap chi KT-CN thijc cua moi mpt sinh vien ciing khac Mpi nguoi deu thua nhan rang, de sinh vien CO the tu minh vuon len hoc tap, chiing ta phai lam giiip sinh vien xac dinh diing dan dpng co hpc tap de tu chii, tu giac hpc tap CO hieu qua Thuc trang mpt so sinh vien yeu kem trinh dp phan tich, tong hpp, cham chi khong cao nen chua manh dan hpc tap, hieu khong sau va de dang bo qua nhiing gi chua that hidu Mat khac, it chii y hpc tap va bai giang cua thay co giao, thdi gian su dung vao viec hpc tap khong nhieu, thucmg vang mpt so buoi len lop, din d8n ti§p thu ki8n thiic khong iSIS NGHIEN CUU -TR^IO DOI duprc lien tuc, trinh dp tu va von kien thiic nhieu han che din den de chan nan, thu dpng, tieu cue Day la nhiem vu v6 cung vinh quang ma cac tmong dai hpc va cao d^ng dac biet la cac tmong dai hpc va cao dang ngoai cong lap phai dam nhan, chang nhiing da gop phan 1cm vao viec nang cao dan tri va chat lupng cua dpi ngu lao dpng tri thiic xa hpi ma sang tao nhiing phuong phap moi cong tac va ren luyen lao dpng, giao due ngucri Mot so quan diem ve giao due sinh vien yeu kem, ca biet tam ly bi lic che ve hoan canh cua ban than minh Nhiing hpc sinh thudng ludi bieng hpc tap, hay tron hpc va lang tranh cac hoat dpng tap the Bieu hien thudng thay ciia cac em la hay ngu gat gid hpc, ludi chep bai, hpc bai nhung lai to rat nhanh tri nhiing trd tinh nghich vdi thay co, ban be [2] 2.2 Quan diem ve giao due sinh vien yeu kem, ca biet De giiip sinh vien ca biet, giao vien chu nhiem Idp co vai trd het siic to Idn Nhu ta da biet, sinh vien ca biet d tmdng nao ciing c6 Thuc ra, sinh vien ca biet khong nhieu nhung 2.1Khai niem sinh vien ca biet lai la lire can rat Idn giao due va dao tao, Sinh vien ca biet dupe hieu la nhimg sinh tham chi hp la the luc "den" de dpa, khong vien CO ca tinh khac biet so voi binh thudng: che nhiing nhan to tich cue dam dau tranh, bao huang hieu lap di, thieu hpp tac voi thay co, ve le phai, bao ve dieu tdt moi tmdng ngu gia hpc, ciip tiet giang, gay go voi giao due ban be, dira vao ngirai than coi thuong npi quy Viec giao due sinh vien ca biet la ca mpt truemg lap, phat bieu linh tinh, v6 le, tham chi qua trinh kien tri, sang tao cua giao vien chii bia dat chuyen, noi lao, ngo ngao v.v nhiem O mdi tmdng hop sinh vien ca biet, Nhin chung, sinh vien ca biet la nhiing ngudi giao vien chu nhiem se cd nhiing each sinh vien thuong c6 su bat thuang ve tinh giai quyet rieng, cu the Du theo each nao, each, khong co dpng ca hpc tap, tam ly ciing can tim hieu ky ludng, sau sat de tir do, khong on dinh cd phuang phap giao due phii hpp, phai "chan" Hien tirang hpc sinh ca biet la mpt hien diing benh de dung loai thudc "dac tri" mdi cd tuong dac biet a liia tuoi mpi hpc sinh La hien the cai bien dupe sinh vien ca biet tuong hpc sinh vi pham cac chuan muc dao Giao vien chii nhiem, can phan loai sinh diic va chuan muc xa hpi bieu hien a pham vien Idp de nam duac em nao la sinh chat dao diic, hpc luc cua hpc sinh [1] vien ca biet, tim hieu nguyen nhan dan den Hpc sinh ca biet la thuat ngii nha tmong, sinh vien ca biet va phan loai sinh vien ca biet thay CO dung de chi nhirng hpc sinh thuong Can nhan thiic rang, ban chat cua ngudi la gay go, danh nhau, bo gid, tron hpc, khong tdt dep "Nhan chi so, tinh bdn thien", nhimg chip hanh npi quy cua tmdng Them vao qua trinh tmdng hp chiu anh hudng ciia la su loi keo ban be ve phia minh nham thoa nhiing yeu td tieu cue gia dinh, xa hpi man ca tinh hoac thda man nhu cau giai toa bien hp trd smh vien ca biet Vay ai? Cai HI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEI NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI gi? da lam cho sinh vien da ca biet, day la cdng viec khdng don gian ddi hdi rat nhieu cdng siic va trudc het la can den cai "tam" cua ngudi thay Ngudi giao vien chu nhiem phai dieu tra ti mi, nhieu lan gap nhieu ngudi de tim nguyen nhan sau xa va cd bien phap cd hieu qua de giao due Khi ta tim nguyen nhan, ngudi giao vien ehu nhiem se tim bien phap de giao due Viec giao due sinh vien ca biet cd the mdi ngudi cd mpt each khac nhung mpt nguyen tac chung, phai dupe tdn trpng la phai su dung Idng yeu thuong, khdng ghet bd, tii cd phuang phap giao due mem deo linh hoat, can ed su gan giii sinh vien ca biet Viec giao due sinh vien ca biet la cong viec cue ky khd khan, ddi hdi su kien tri, nhiet huyet vdi s\r nghiep "trdng ngudi" ciia ngudi thay Giao vien chu nhiem phai nhan nai, thuong sinh vien va rat can mdt phuong phap diing dan Hay xem viec giang day sinh vien ca biet nhu la mdt thu thach nghe nghiep can vupt qua, dung bao gid coi la mpt "tai nan" duac giao ehu nhiem mdt Idp cd sinh vien ca biet Viec giao due sinh vien ca biet cd cdng hay khdng phu thupc rat nhieu vao ngudi thay, ngudi thay tha thiet yeu nghe va nhiet tam vdi su nghiep dao tao ngudi Phin Idn sinh vien ca biet cd y thiic td chiic, ky luat khdng tot, khdng y thiic duoc nhiem vu hpc tap ciia minh Vi vay, cac em khdng cd thdi quen tu giac, viec di hpc chi la ddi phd, di hpc chi c6 mat ma khdng nhan thiic dupe hpc de lam gi, cd tac dung nhu the nao ddi vdi tuong lai cua chinh minh, vay, thly giao chli nhiem can cho sinh vien thay dupe tac dung cua viec hpc tap nghiem tiic, lien quan den hien tai va tuong lai cua hp Thly cd chii nhiem la ngudi thudng xuyen chli y, quan tam, di sau, di sat Idp ma minh la giao vien chu nhiem va thuc hien tdt cac bien phap sau day ddi vdi sinh vien ca biet Khdng nen cd cai nhin ky thi, thai dp khd chiu, ghet bd, coi thudng, nhan xet, qud ming sinh vien ca biet tmdc Idp Khdng nen nhin sinh vien ca biet vdi thai dp dd xet chi de thly khuy^t diem, mat xau ciia cac em Khong nen dung danh tu sinh vien ca biet tmdc dam ddng, dung tach cac em khdi lap, cd lap cac em tmdc Idp Can cd su quan tam gan giii, tim hieu sinh vien ca biet Phan Idn sinh vien ca biet rat can mpt diem tua tinh than dang tin cay de cd the bpc bach, se chia, tam su nhirng khd khan, nhiing noi niem, rieng tu tham kin Thay cd se trd nhirng ngudi ban Idn ciia cac em Ngudi giao vien chu nhiem nen lang nghe nhirng tam tu ciia cac em va ciing nen giii kin nhiing tam su dd, de cac em tin tudng ma bpc bach Hay nhin cac em vdi anh mat bao dung cua ngudi me, sir cam thdng va thau hieu ciia ngudi ban than thiet Thay cd hay nhe nhang phan tich nhiing uu, khuyet diem, nhiing dung sai nhan thiic va hanh dpng eiia cac em, hay giiip cac em nhan Idi lam cua minh va tao cho cac em CO hpi sua chiia, phat triSn cac mat tich cue Cd mdt sd sinh vien ca biet cdn la ngudn gde ciia su phat trien qua manh nhung khdng diing hudng, neu biet hudng dan sir phat trien tien ve muc tieu da chpn cd the ta se dat duac nhiing qua bat ngd ^ CHl KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP NGHIEN CU U - TRAO DOI Can nhd rang, sinh vien ca biet du Idio giao due den dau thi ben cac em van luon tiem an nhiing nhan t6, nhiing phdm chat tich cue Neu CO mot phuong phap dung, ta van co the lam thiic tinh cac em, khoi phuc niSm tin cho cac em de chinh cac em thiy riing, minh khong kem coi de tii viit bo duoc sir tu ti, mac cam, chii dong hpi nhap voi cac ban va tap the lop Hay tim diem manh cac em dk CO the phat huy vi phan Ion cac em co svr sT dien la kha Ion giao due sinh vien ca biet la viee lam cue ky kho khan, doi hoi su kien tri, tam huyet voi su nghiep nguoi cua cac thay co, nhung ciing la vinh quang cua thay co Nguoi giao vien chli nhiem phai biet nhan nai, yeu hpc tro ciia minh va rat can sii dung cac phuong phap CO hieu qua Hay coi sinh vien ca biet nhu la mpt thu thach nghe nghiep phai vupt qua de tien tdi Giai phap giiip da sinh vien yeu kem, ca biet viron len hoc tap Thay co hay nhin van de theo hurong tich 3.1 Thong qua c6 vdn hpc tap cue, hay tao cho cac em mot loi thoat, mot co Voi doi tuong sinh vien tren, nha truemg da hoi de di va di len Tran nhiing tiSn CO nhiing phuong phap thich hpp theo tiing bo cua cac em, dii la nho nhat, manh dan bieu nhom d6i tugug nhu sau: duong nhiing viec lam tot, du la rit nho Xac dinh vi tri va vai tro quan trpng cua co Hay ton quyen lua chpn, quyet dinh van hpc tap, nha trudng phan cong giao vien cua cac em pham vi cho phep, khong nen CO nang lire, cd kien thiic viing vang, cd dao ap dat tho bao voi cac em, khong xiic pham, due, cd tam huyet va cd kinh nghiem de phu lam ton thuong danh du cac em truoc tap the, dao gitip cho timg nhdm sinh vien yeu kem than phat ngon voi sinh vien ca biet Day phu dao sinh vien yeu kem, vdi tam ly su rat nhay cam pham, Iden tri va lau dai, diing cac bien phap Thay co hay co gang diem tinh, biet tu kiem kich thich, dpng vien, tim hieu hoan canh khd che truac tihilng hanh dpng sai trai cua sinh khan cu the ciia sinh vien de cung sinh vien vien ca biet, coi diic tinh diem tinh, tu kiem hoac bao cao lanh dao nha trudng tim each chS ciia thay co la qua trinh tiip xiic, giao due giiip Lam khoi day d sinh vien yeu sinh vien ca biet kem long tu tin va hiing thii hpc tap, y Phai mem deo linh boat giao due sinh chi vupt cac khd khan de tien bp vien ca biet, nhimg doi hoi di doi voi viec lam Co van hpc tap di sau vao sinh vien va tuyet doi khong duge phep hiia suong, da viec phu dao sinh vien yeu kem bang nhieu noi thi phai quySt thuc hien, phai la tdm guoog phuong phap khac cho cac em noi theo True tiep trao doi vdi sinh vien yeu kem Tren day la nhimg bien phap quan trpng tung mdn hoc cu the Cd the sinh vien qua trinh giao due sinh vien ca biet Co yeu kem khdng phai d tat ca cac mdn hpc ma nguoi cho rang viec giao due sinh vien ca biet vdi nhimg mdn hpc cu the nao dd Co vdn hpc la ao tuong Su thuc khong phai nhu vay, viec tap cd trach nhiem trao doi vdi sinh vien yiu rAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI thieu tinh gpi md, din ddt khdng logic, chua phu hprp vdi timg doi tuong Ciing cdn khSc phuc hien tugng giang vien cdn hoi lan man, ngoai le, ehua tap trung vao kiin thiic trpng tam Viee sir dung cdng cu day hpc true quan, sach giao khoa cdn ban ehe, chua xii ly het cac tinh huong trich dan, phuang phap giang 3.2 Giang vien diing Idp La ngudi true tiep truyin dat kien thiic cho day tich cue cOng la nhiing han che can khac sinh vien, cdn thiit tim kiim phuong phap phuc Ben canh dd, giao vien cdn phai quan giang day cd hieu qua Vdi nhan thiic rang, tam bao quat sinh vien lap hpc, trpng giang vien la ngudi chu dao vice khac chli trpng nhiing sinh vien yeu, tao mpi dieu phuc hien tucmg sinh vien yeu kem va kien tot cho sinh vien phat huy v.v 3.3 Su phdi hpp tu nhieu phia cdng hay that bai cd phan Idn trach nhiem Sinh vien cd nang luc hpc tap yen la mpt thupc ve giang vien diing Idp Vai trd ciia thay CO giao het siic quan trpng, dupe vi nhu mpt tdn tai nhieu nguyen nhan khac va huan luyen vien trudng Trong thuc te, nhieu viee khac phuc hoac han che hien tugng sinh vien hpc yeu khdng tu nhan minh khdng ddi hdi phai dugc xir ly tir nhieu phia hieu bai hoac hieu khong den noi den chdn •J» Bdi vdi sinh vien: phai lam cho nhirng kien thiic ma thay co truyen dat Do sinh vien di hpc chuyen can, chi nghi hpc vay, can thiet phai theo doi phan ling cua sinh cd ly chinh dang, tu hpc va tu nghien ciiu vien de cd bien phap giiii quyet phu hgfp nhiing van de phat sinh Trong gid hpc, sinh Trong giang day, thay cd can khuyen khich vien phai tap trung nghe thay cd giang bai va sinh vien phat bieu thac mac ca nhan, nhan dua nhiing cau hdi hoac phan bien nhiing nhiing ly va each giai quyet van de dd; nhan npi dung minh khong thdng nhat kem vi phuong phap hpc tap, giai thich lai nhiing gi ma sinh vien yeu kem chua that hieu, giiip sinh vien yeu kem nam vimg kien thiic timg mdn hpc cu thi va quan trpng hon ca la phai khoi day smh vien yiu kem Idng say me hpc tap biet sdm nhiing nhupc diem ciia sinh vien va cd phuong phap phu hgfp Thay cd can nhan biet sdm nhiing nhupc diem cua sinh vien thdng qua cac bai kiem tra va kiem tra dau gid d mdi budi hpc Thay cd ciing can tiep can, gdn giii va lang nghe mpt each chan cac y kien ciia sinh vien va chii y vao cac phan hdi cua hp, giup sinh vien thiet lap ke hoach lam viec vdi nhiing muc tieu thuc ti, tao diiu kien di sinh vien dat dupe ket qua tot phu hpp vdi chinh ban than sinh vien dd Can khac phuc cd hieu qua he thong cau hdi ••• Bdi vdi giao vien: can nhan thiic giao vien la ngudi chu dao viec khde phuc sinh vien yeu kem, hay bai mot phan Idn la giao vien Chinh vi le dd, vai hd cua giao vien het siic quan trpng day hpe va vay, ed y nghia quyet dinh din khac phuc hoac han che hien tuong sinh vien yeu d cac trudng dai hgc Giao vien phai lam cho sinh vien hiiu, tiip thu nhiing diiu ma minh da giang day va biit phat ttien thuc ti •J> Nha trudng: cd trach nhiem tim kiim, triin khai ddy du, kip thdi cac van ban chi dao NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOl cac hudng dan cu the cd hen quan den cdng tac phu dao, giiip dd sinh vien yeu kem bang cac bien phap khac nhu hinh dpi ngu cd van hpc tap va thudng xuyen kiem tra chat lupng eiia dpi ngii ve tinh hieu qua cua nd Ciing ed the td chiic cac hinh thiic phu dao sinh vien yeu kem khdng phai mat tien ddi vdi tiing mon hpc, doi vdi mpt sd it sinh vien qua yeu phai td chiic kem cap tham chi theo ty le 1-1 hoac 1-2 v.v •J* Cac doan the va gia dinh: dac biet la Doan nien, Hdi sinh vien, cac cau lac bd giiip sinh vien hpc tap theo nhdm, lam viec nhdm, hinh tac phong doan ket va hd trp tap the, ca nhan v.v Gia dinh can phdi hop vdi cac doan the nha trudng de giiip sinh vien vugrt qua rao can tieu cue Vdi cac hudng neu tren, hy vpng se han che hoac khae phuc timg budc cd hieu qua hien tuang sinh vien yeu kem Ket luan Viec giao due sinh vien ca biet cd cdng hay khdng phu thupc rat nhieu vao ngudi thay, su hpp tac ciia phu huynh va xa hpi Can cd su tich cue phoi hpp giiia nha tmdng va gia dinh de tim duac diing nguyen nhan, tie dd mdi tao cac dpng luc tich cue cho chinh sinh vien Trudng Dai hpc Kinh te Cdng nghiep Long An mdi ddi va hoat dpng mpt thdi gian ngan, nhung ciing gidng nhu cac tmdng dai hpc khac, xuat hien hien tuong cd mpt sd sinh vien ca biet d cac Idp ke ca cac he dao tao thupc cac chuyen nganh khac da va dang la nhiing ndi ban khoan, tran trd cua nha tmdng Tmdc thuc trang dd, chiing tdi da va dang su dung nhieu bien phap giao due sinh vien ca biet nhu tren va qua thdi gian da dem lai nhimg ket qua tich cue: Sd sinh vien yeu kem va sinh vien ca biet vuon len trd sinh vien hpc kha va sinh vien ca biet trd binh thudng cang tang, chat lupng cang duoc nang cao va dd, uy tin cua nha tmdng tung budc dupe xac lap thuc te Chua hai Idng vdi ket qua da dat dupe, chiing tdi tu thay can ed gang hon niia de mai dupe xa hdi, cha me sinh vien tin tudng ve mdt CO sd dao tao dai hpc nhieu nam lien dupe Bp Giao due va Dao tao tang bang khen, phan dau de trd mpt dia chi tin cay ddi vdi cha me sinh vien gui gam em cua minh, dao tao ngudn nhan lire chat luong cao phue vu cho qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nude, thuc hien triet ly giao due cua Trudng: "Tri hanh dat nhan" Tdi lieu tham khdo [1] De tai Giao due hpc sinh ca biet tmdng hpc, trang tailieu.vn [2] Le Thi Thiiy Mong (2012), Quan tam giao due hpc sinh ca biet, Bao Giao due Online thii 07/12/2012 Ngay nhan: 22/12/2014 Ngay duyft dang: 26/12/2014 TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP ... tmdc Idp Can cd su quan tam gan giii, tim hieu sinh vien ca biet Phan Idn sinh vien ca biet rat can mpt diem tua tinh than dang tin cay de cd the bpc bach, se chia, tam su nhirng khd khan, nhiing... nhiing han che can khac sinh vien, cdn thiit tim kiim phuong phap phuc Ben canh dd, giao vien cdn phai quan giang day cd hieu qua Vdi nhan thiic rang, tam bao quat sinh vien lap hpc, trpng giang... phat sinh Trong gid hpc, sinh Trong giang day, thay cd can khuyen khich vien phai tap trung nghe thay cd giang bai va sinh vien phat bieu thac mac ca nhan, nhan dua nhiing cau hdi hoac phan bien