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n ™ — TRUdNC DAI HQC SU PHAM TP H 6 C H I MINH HO CHI MINH CITV UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION LhS TAP CHi KHOA HQC lOURNAL OF SCIENCE iSSN KHOA Hgc GIAO DUC EDUCATION SCIENCE 1359 3100 T^o 14 S6 1 (2017) 5[.]
n ™ LhS — TRUdNC DAI HQC SU PHAM TP H C H I M I N H TAP CHi KHOA HQC iSSN KHOA Hgc GIAO DUC 1359-3100 T^o 14 S6 (2017) 5-15 HO CHI M I N H CITV UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION lOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION SCIENCE Vol 14, fjo (2017), 5-15 Email lajxMhoahoc&hcmus edu Wsbsits has Mskh hcmus sdu m I TIM HIEU VIEC HINH THANH K I NANG DQC - VIET THONG QUA DAY HQC T\f NHIEN - XA HQI CHO HQC SINH TIEU HQC DdThiNga Ng^y Tda so^n nh^n airqc bAi 13-7-2016, ngiy ph^n bi^n ainh gi6 25-10-2016 ng^y chip nh$n dSng 06-01-2017 TOM TAT Bai viet tgp trung lim hieu vi^c hinh thdnh ki ndng dgc-viet dgy hgc Tyr nhien - Xa hgi (TNXH) cho hgc smh tieu hgc (HSTH) thong qua khao sat nhdn ihuc cUng nhu cdch thirc thirc hi^n cong vi^c ndy cua giao vien (GV), dong thai phdn tich mgt so cong cy ho tri? viqc hinh thdnh kT ndng dgc-viet de tim diem mgnh cung nhu diem yeu cua nhung cong cu Tren ca 5(7 bdi viet de xudt mpt so dgng bdi lap khde de gop phdn hinh thdnh nhihig kT ndng ndy mgt cdch toi nhdt cho HSTH Tir khda: kT nSng dgc-viet, giao dvic tieu hgc, mon T\r nhien - X§ hpi ABSTRACT Examining the formation of reading - writing skills for primary sciiool pupils through teaching Natural - Social Science The article explores the development of reading and writing skills for primary school children through leaching and learning Natural and Social Sciences by examining primary school teachers' perceptions and teaching methodology regarding this issue The writer also analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of some exercises aiding ihe formation of said skills (language skills) and recommends proposes various types of exercises to optimize ihe process Keywords: reading and writing skills, primary education, Natural and Social Science, Dat van de hanh vdi the gidi thuc, lam cac bai lap Hen Ngdn ngu ddng mgt vai trd vd cung quan trgng viec tiep thu kien thiic quan den dge va viet, tre dan dan dugc hinh cac kT ning ngon ngir, ddng thdi khoa hgc cho hgc sinh (HS) d mgi cap hgc, tu ciia tre cung phat trien [13, tr.37- dSc biet la HSTH (hgc sinh tieu hgc) Trong trudng phd thdng noi chung, trudng 38] Nhu vay, qua trinh phai trien cac ki ning ngon ngir chinh la qua trinh hoan tieu hgc ndi rieng, vdi each tiep can nhan manh eac hoat dgng day hgc tim hieu thign cac kT nang tu cho HS Day hgc tich hcrp dang la mgt xu the khoa hgc va kT thuat, ngon ngiJ khong phai la ddi tugmg nghien cim dau tien Tuy toan cau, dd dinh hudng day hgc tich hgrp xuyen mdn dang dugrc nhan manh nhien, thong qua cac hoat dgng ma GV Kha nSng sir dung ngdn ngu la mgt nSng (giao vien) to chiic nhu quan sat va thuc lire xuyen mon, la mgt nSng luc hgc tap ' Khoa Gi^o dye Tieu hgc - Tru'6'ng Dgi hoc Sy phgm TPHCM, Email- dong3gdth@gmail com 129 muunu u*l nv^ o« r n » » kr nu MnJ " i n n KHOAHOC chimg, ddng thdi la cQng la nang I\rc sdng va lam vigc suot ddi cua ngudi Ddi vdi viec hgc tap de ltnh hgi kien thiie khoa hgc, thdng qua viec tim hieu noi dung cac van ban hay thue hanh trai nghiem cac hign tugng khoa hgc rdi trinh bay nhung suy nghT, su hi6u biet cua minh bang ngdn ngit ndi, ngdn ngii viSt, HS de dang ti6p can, ghi nhd cac khai niem khoa hge hon V^ ngugc lai, kT nSng doc - viet eho phep HS hieu sau va phan anh chinh xae cac van de khoahgc[13,tr.97] Thdng qua khao sat nhan thiic (perception), each thtic thye hign (methodology) eua GV tieu hgc cung nhu phan tich, danh gia mdt sd cdng eu duge xem la ed vai trd quan trgng viec hinh kT nang dgc-viet cho HSTH nhu sdch giao khoa (SGK), vd bai t^p va vd ghi chep cua HS, chiing tdi de xuSt m^t v^ d^g bai tap khde cd thi gdp phdn hinh ki nSng dgc-vi6t mgt each tdt nhdt cho HS Nhan thirc cua giao vien tieu hgc ve cdc yeu to anh hirdng d^n viec hinh kl nang dgc-viet cho hgc sinh tieu hgc day hgc mon TN-XH De hieu ro hem ve van de nay, chiing tdi da thuc hign khao sat bdng phdng vdn h^c tiSp va bing bang hdi vd nhan thiic, thai ciing nhu cdc yeu td anh hudng din viec hinh kT nang dge vilt cho HSTH ddi vdi 35 GVTH thugc cae frudng: Tilu hgc Luong Thi Vinh - qudn Thu Diic, Tilu hge Hda Binh - Quan 1, Tilu hgc Trdn Binh Trgng - Quan 5, Tilu hgc Vo Trudng Toan - Qudn 10 (Thanh phd Hd Tap 14, S61 (2017): 129-138 Chi Minh) va 71 GV tilu hgc tai mdt sd trudng tilu hgc thugc tmh Bin Tre Co ngi dung chinh da dugc khao sat nhu sau: Tdm quan trgng ciia vigc ren ki ndng dgc-viet cho HS day hge mdn TNXH; Ca hgi dgc-viet eua HS day hgc mdn TN-XH; Miic sii dung vd ghi va Vd bai tap mdn TN-XH ciia HS; Viec kiem soat va danh gia Vd bai tap mdn TN-XH ciia GV vd Td - khoi trudng chuyen mdn; Nhung yeu td anh hudng khdng tot den viec hinh ki nSng dgc-viet cho HSTH day hgc mdn TN-XH (chucmg trinh nang ve cung cap kien thiic, thieu sv kiem tra danh gia mgt each nghiem tuc va thudng xuyen sir dyng vd bdi t$p vd vd ghi chep ); - Bign phdp ho trg vigc ren kT n3ng dge viSt eho HS day hgc mdn TN-XH (xdy dung chuong trinh hgc theo dinh hudng hinh nang luc cho ngudi hgc, da dang ve hinh thirc va hap dan ve ngi dung cimg nhu trinh bay cac bai tap, cd su kiem tra vd ghi va vd bai tap cua HS ) Ket qua khao sdt cho thdy 100% so ngudi dugc hdi cho rdng vigc hinh thdnh kT nang dgc-viet cho HS d^y hgc mdn TN-XH la het sire quan trgng vd can thilt Nhdn dinh ve kT ndng dgc-vilt cua HS hong hgc tap mdn TN-XH, cd 81 % cdc GV cho rdng mirc dg chi d ph^im vi trung bmh din binh kha (chia ddu cho tdt cd HS d eac kh6i ldp) TRirONS m NQC 11/ P N « i ir Ht CHi HINH HS'iOAHOC Tuy nhien, 76% GV cho rSng c6 hai nguy^ nhdn chinh ^nh hudng tdi v ^ de hinh ki n&ig dgc-vilt cua HS d^y hgc TN-XH Thii nh^t, dd li chucmg tiinh hpc n|aig vl cung c ^ kiln thite, ^d v$ly phdn Idn thdi gian ciia tilt hgc diu ddnh cho vi$c tim hilu kien thtic thong qua quan sdt tranh - tra ldi cdu hdi ho$c hgc thu$c p h ^ tdm tdt kien thiic chinh ciia bdi Thii hai, dd la van de kiem tra - ddnh gia Cdc cau hdi kiem tra giiia ki, cuoi ki deu chi nhdm kilm tra kiln t h ^ hgc thudc Idng ciia HS ma quen di vigc kiem tra, ddnh gia cdc kT nang ktidc, dd cd lu ndng dgcvilt Tuy nhien, cung qua kit qua khdo sdt, chfhig tdi nh|n th4y mOt nguySn nhdn khdng k6m p h ^ quan trgng dnh hudng din kl ndng dgc-vilt cua HS, la gan nhu khdng c6 svr kiem tra ddnh gid thuong xuyen ciia cdc nhd quan If chuy^ mdn d6i vdi vd bdi t|ip cimg nhu vd ghi chep cua HS Va dieu cung dong nghia vdi viec GV khdng cd d$ng ca dl bdt bugc HS sut dyng nhiing cdng cu hgc tap ndy Ngodi ra, vi$c thieu vdng cdc d ^ g bai t^p dgc-vilt mdi I9, sinh dOng vl hinh thiic, phong phii vl nOi dung dl hip din HS, dl tit dd HS cd flie chu dgng va ty gidc thye hign chiing md khdng cdn nhilu din sy kilm tra, ddn die cua GV ciing Id mgt nguyfin nhdn khdng thi khdng tinh din Cong cy hS trgr hinh th^nh Id ndng d9c-vilt cho HS day hgc TN-XH 3.2, Sdch gido khoa Cd thi chia SGK mdn TN-XH thdnh nhdm dya vao cdu tnic chung va each trinh bdy Nhdm Id SGK mdn Lich sii va Bd Thj Nga Dia U (ldp 4.5) Nhdm Id SGK phdn mdn Ty ntii^n vd xd hgi ciia cdc khdi ldp 1,2, va SGK phan mdn Khoa hgc ldp 4,5 SGK phan mdn Lich sut vd Dia li cd kSnh ch6 vugt trOi so vdi kSnh hinh d|c thii mdn hgc: cung cap kien thiic cho HS thdng qua phJln ngfi li^u dang vdn bdn Do v?ly, ho^t d$ng dge ctia HS s@ dugc khai thdc nhilu hon Ichi hgc cac phan mdn D6i vdi SGK phdn mdn Ty nhien vd xd h$i va phdn mdn Khoa hgc, ngodi kSnh chii ddng vai trd chinh Id cung d p kiln thtic, cdn cd mgt hg thdng cdu hdi va cdc l^nh ySu cau HS thye h i ^ cdc hoat dgng hgc t^p de chiem liiih tri thiic nhu quan s^t, tra ldi cdu hdi, liSn h^ thye tl, thye hdnh thi nghigm hoac Idm cdc bai tdp cho sdn Nhu v$y, thdng qua Idm vigc vdi SGK, HS c6 ca hdi thye hdnh Id ndng dge va ndi nhieu hem viet 3.2 V& ghi chip Va ghi chdp la mOt cdng cy hit siic quan trgng dgy hgc khoa hgc HS dting vd dl ghi chep nhiing trinh ty ciia thye nghigm, ghi chep nhiing gi ma GV da cdng nhdn, nhiing suy nghi ban dau cua trS, nhiing thdng tin thu nh$n tr6n ldp Chii viet Id mgt each the hign nhiing suy nghi, f kiln ciia HS thay Idi ndi Cha vilt Iim giii nhiing thdng tin dd thu nhdn dugc Khi dgy HS chuyen tii ndi sang vilt nghia Id dgy cho cdc em mgt each thirc thi hign trang trgng hon [13, tr.77] Vd ghi chep chinh la mgt cdng cy quan trgng vigc hinh kT nang viet cho HS thdng qua hgc tap khoa hgc 131 TRirOie B«l HOC I V P H » I It HO CHl ilKH f^^OAHOC Tuy n h i ^ qua quan sit thvic te cung nhu kit qua khao sat, chung toi n h ^ thAy c6 m$t thvic ti d&ig budn la hilu bk HSTH khong dupc khuyin khich su dimg vd ghi Hong qu4 trinh hpc tSp m6n TN-XH n6i chung, phan mon Khoa hpc n6i ning M$t so It OV CO cho HS sur dvmg vd ghi nhung chi dk ghi tvta bai hpc Nhu v$y, HS d£l mat di ca h$i t6t dl r ^ kl ii3ng vilt cho minh Dilu anh hudng khong tot din qui trinh phit triin cac ki ning ngon ngC, til chic chin sS anh huong den phit trien tu cua HS 3.3 Vd: bii Igp Ciing vdi b0 SGK li b§ Vd bii t$p cho cic mdn hpc vl tvi nhiSn vi x3 b$i Trong bii vilt niy, chiing tdi t$p tnmg tim hieu Vd bii t$p Khoa hpc vi vi 5, cvi thi hon li phin bii t$p thu^c chu dl V^t chit vi ning lupng Theo chung tdi, chi dl niy bOc 1$ rd nhat cich thiic vi h i ^ qui cua vifc hinh thinh kl ning dpc-vilt cho HS qua vifc hpc tip kiln thiic thupc khoa hpc tvi nhien Ngay mye Hudng dan su dvmg, cic tic gii Vd bii tip Khoa hpc di khing djnh: "Cic bii tip vd Bii tip nhim r6n luy^ cho HS cic ki ning hpc tip, thvic hinh, cing co vi khic siu kien thiic" [14, tr.3] vdi cic Wnb thiic chii ylu: Trie nghifm ding-sai; Trie nghifm nhilu Ivia chpn; Trie nghifm ghip ddi; Trie nghifm diln khuylt; Vg; Tii ldi eiu hdi 132 rft) 14, si (2017)! 129-138 Thing ke so bp cho thiy ting s6 110 bii tip ciia chit dl V$t chit vi ning lupng thupc Vd bii t$p Khoa hpc 4, cd din 65 bii tip thu$c d ^ g bii trie nghifm vdi eie hmh thii khie nhau, chilm 59% Vi 93 bii t$p cOng thu$c chii dl niy eua Vd bii tip Khoa hpc 5, cd din 48 bii thufc d ^ g bii trie nghifm, chilm 51,6% Diy li d ^ g bii chii ylu giiip HS nh$n kiln thdc di dupc hpc nhim phvic vy cho mvic dich dn tip eic kiln thiic khoa hpc [12, tr.l02] Mft s6 cic d ^ g bii cdn 1^ nhu quan sit hinh minh hpa vi tri ldi cau hoi chi ylu lay Igi eie hinh inh cic bii hpc ciia SGK Mft s6 bii dua hf thing eiu hdi vi HS chi cin c h ^ 1^ phin ghi nhd bii hpe dl tri ldi NhOng d^g bii niy, giing nhu d ^ g bii trie nghifm Vila dupc dl c|lp d tren, thvic chit khdng giiip dupe nhieu eho HS vifc rin cic kl ning dpc-vilt Tuy nhiin, Vd bii tip Khoa hpc ciing di budc diu dua dupe mft d;ng bii t§p ed thi giiip HS rin ki ning dpc-vilt tit, d6 li d^g bii tip dpc-vilt thdng qua trii nghifm chii dl V§t chit vi ning lupng Dd li cic bii tip s6 (trang 31), bii tip (trang 32), bii t$p (tiang 33) cia Vd bii t|ip Khoa hpe 4, cic bii tfp trang 63, bii trang 65, bii trang 66, bii trang 77 cia Vd bii tfp BChoa hpc Tuy nhiin, so bii tip li so khlim tin so vdi ting s6 llObiitip Hon niia, tit ci cic bii tip niy diu liy 1^ cic tinh hulng di dupc trinh biy SGK mi HS (B dupc hpc trude dd Dieu niy rit khd dl dinh gii ning tu dpe lip cua eic T R U O N E tki HOC IU PHiH TP Hd CHl NINH KHOAHOC em vi da dugc hgc trudc dd, HS cd the khdng hiing thu vdi viee 1dm cae bai tap Vi vay, viec xay dung cac bdi tap hinh kT nang dgc-viet thdng qua eae hoat dgng trdi nghiem la het siic quan trgng va cdn thiet Djnh hudng xay dung bdi t^p r^n ki nang dgc-viet cho HS thong qua day hgc khoa hgc 4.1 Mpt so can cu 4.1.1 Dac diem tu cua HSTH Theo nha tam li hgc J Piaget, tu den 10 tudi la giai doan nhiing thao tac eu the, tu cua tre dua vdo nhirng dac diem hue quan eiia nhiing ddi tugng va hien tugng eu the cd thuc tien (Dan theo [6, tr.55]) (y Ilia tudi nay, dugc hge tap thdng qua hanh dgng, cudn hiit minh qua eac hoat dgng dugc xdy dgrng logic va cd chu dich, tre em cd the dat dugc nhiing mye tieu hgc tap khae mdt each de dang Tthdng qua cac hoat dgng khac nhu tuang tac nhdm, lam cac thi nghiem hodc vg tranh tre dugc phat trien nhieu kl ndng khae nhau, cd kl ndng ngdn ngu Ciing tir dac diem tam li ciia tre, cdc tdc gia cua phuang phdp day hgc Ban tay nan bgt (La main a la pate) da dua cac dinh huong cho hoat dgng day hge lay vigc tim tdi, kham pha thdng qua thue hign cdc thi nghigm khoa hgc cua HS Iam hoat dgng ndng cdt, dd vigc su dyng vd thuc nghigm de HS ghi chep ca nhan dugc dac bigt ehii trgng [4], [6], [13] 4.L2 Doc - viet khoa hoc Theo nhan dinh ciia PISA (Programme for International Student B3 Thf Nga Assessment), doc - viet khoa hgc dugc dinh nghia: "Kien thiic khoa hgc ciia mgt ea nhdn la vigc sir dung kiln thiic dd dl nhan dien van de, ITnh hgi kiln thiie mdi, giai thich cac hign tugng khoa hgc, nit cac ket luan dua tren cac chiing cii lien quan din khoa hgc ' [12 tr.77] Cimg theo PISA, ngudi dge viet khoa hge cd kha nang biet va hieu cdc khai nigm va tien trinh khoa hgc cdn thiet cho hgi nhap xd hgi, cd kha nang dat cau hdi sinh tir tri td md ve the gidi eiing nhu md ta, giai thich hay phdng doan eae su vat, hien tugng ty nhien; dge hieu cae bai bao khoa hge, the hien y kien ve cae thdng tin khoa hgc, dua tren chiing cii thu thap dugc cd the dua cae ket luan Nhu vay, dge viet khoa hgc cd tdm quan trgng Idn vigc hinh ndng lyc va tu khoa hgc cho tre, giup tre khdng nhiing tiep thu tdt kien thiie khoa hge ma cdn sii dung tot cae kT nang khoa hgc ddi sdng 4.1.2 Cdc yeu to cita doc viet khoa hpc Cung theo PISA, dgc-viet khoa hgc bao gdm yeu td chinh: [12, tr 77] The hien su hieu biet ve cac khai niem khoa hgc; Nhan dien cau hdi nghien eiiu khoa hge; Xac dinh cac chiing cii can thiet ciia cac van de lien quan den khoa hgc; Trinh bay va danh gia cac ket luan khoa hgc; Dua cae ket luan hgp li va cd gia tri Nhu vay, day se la nhung can cii co gia tri viec dinh hudng de xay dyng 133 T R V A N S B f l HQC l i r PNAH TP HO CHl HINH KhSOAHOC cic bii tip rin kl ning dpc-vilt cho HS thdng quatimhieu kiln thiic khoa hpc 4.1.3, Nhiing ySu cdu ve la ndng dpc-viit cho HS khdi I6p 4, Chuong trinh Giio dye thdng cip tilu hpe (Ban hinh kim theo Quylt djnh sl 16/2006/QD-BGDDT ngiy 05 thing nim 2006 eua Bp trudng Bf Olio dye vi Dio tao) xic djnh cic ki ning dpcvilt ein dat ddi vdi HS ldp vi nhu sau: • ViH ndng dQC-vietcita HS ldp ^ Ktnang doc: Dpe tham; Dpe dien cam do^n vin, bii tha, kich ngin; Tim hilu f nghia ciia bii vin, bii tho vi mft sl ehi tilt cd gii trj nghf thuit bii vin, bii tho; Dpe thufc mpt s6 bii tha, doan vin; Dimg tti diln HS hoic eic sich cdng cvi de tra ciiu, ghi chip thdng tin '^ KJ ndng viit: Viet chinh ti doan vin, doan tha theo eie hinh thiic nghe-vilt, nhd vilt; Siia l5i chinh ti bii vilt Lip sl tay chinh ti; Lip dan y cho bii vin kl chuyfn, mieuta; Viit doan vin ki chuyfn vi miiu ti theo din y; Vilt thu thim hdi, cim on, trao dli cdng vifc; vilt giiy mdi, difn bio • VklanangdQC-viitcuaHSIApS ^ KT ndng dpe: Dpe cic vin ban nghf thuit, hinh chinh, khoa hpc, bio chi; - Dpe tham, dpe ludt dl nim thdng tin; 134 rgp 14, si (2017): 129-m Dpe diln cim do?n vin, bii tha, kich ngin; Nhfn xit vl nhin vft, hinh inh, cich sd dvmg tit ngii vi tinh cim, thii df eia tie gii; E)pc thupc mft sl do^n vin, d o ^ tho, bii tha; Tra tir diln HS, sl tay tii ngtt, ngii phip dl tim vi ghi chip thdng tin; Hilu eic ki hifu, sl lifu trin so dl, bilu dl ; Tim hilu ^ nghia eia bii vin, bii tho vi mft sl chi tilt cd gii trj nghf thuit bii vin, bii tha; Dpe thufc mft s6 bii tha, d o ^ vin; Diing tir diln HS hoic eic sich cdng cvi dl tra ciiu, ghi chip thdng tin v' KX ndng viit: Viet ehinh ti do^n vin, do^n tho theo eie hinh thiie nghe-vilt, nhd vilt; Siia l3i ehinh ti tivng bii vilt Lfp sl tay chinh ti; Vilt dojm vin kl chuyfn, miSu ti (ti ngudi, ti cinh); Vilt biin bin mft cufc hpp, mft vy vife; Vilt tdm tit vin bin (df dii via phii) [1] Nhu viy, vdi nhihig ki ning niy, HS hoin toin ed thi dip iing dupe cic dpg bii tip dpe-vilt dupc xiy dvmg theo eic yiu eiu trin 4,2 Mft vai dfng bii tfp tiiu biiu 4,2.1 Xdy dvng ndng Itfc ngdn ngfi thdng qua trdi nghidm HS cd rit nhilu co hfi trii nghifm tiling qua hpc tip mdn TN-XH, die bift li TNir«N« »»l NCC I V PN#H TP Ud CHl IlKH Bd Thi Ngtt hpe tip cic chu de thufc khoa hpc tvi nhiin HS dupc trii nghifm qua tham quan mdi trudng tvi nhifn, qua cic ho^ dfng thvic hinh, thi nghifm khoa hpe, dilu tm thvic tl, tham gia eic ho^t dfng bio vf mdi trudng Sau mli ho^t dfng trii nghifm, HS sg dl ding hon vifc vilt lai nhihig gi minh v ^ trii qua vdi nhihig cim xiic, nhihig bieu tupng smh dfng tii thvic tl 4.2.2.Xdy dimg ndng Ittc ngdn ngU thdng qua viit sting Igo Diy li eie d^ng bii tip yiu eiu tri quan sit tranh, md ti cic bilu hifn eua svi vft, hifn tupng; yiu cau tri viet thu, lim tha, vilt truyfn kit hpp vi tranh, td miu, cit din, vilt chu thich cho so do, tranh inh Ngoii ra, ed thi sd dving inh hudng cia ngdn ngtt vi ^ tudng ciia ngudi khic dl phit triln f tudng vi ngdn ngtt ciia ci nhin tii: Cung cq) cic bii dpe hilu hip din ve cic chu de khic (khic vdi cic vin bin ciia SGK, nlu ed) dl kich thieh svi td md ham hilu bilt eia tri, dip ling mvic tiiu mdn hpc vi hinh thinh dfng co dpe til bin cho tri Tri si ed co hfi hieu bilt thim vl thi gidi dfng - thvic vft, vl eie svi vft, hifn tupng tvi nhiin, eic d^g vft chit vi ning lupng Dd ciing ehinh li eie ehii dl ciia mdn hpc 4.2.3 Thiit ki mdu dgng bai t^ dgc-viet thdng qtut trdi nghi$m Trong khudn bio niy, chiing tdi duaramft thilt ke bii tip theo hudng trii nghifm nhu mft vi dy cy the nhim minh chimg cho mong muln gdp phin hinh thinh kl ning dpc-vilt cho HS mft cich tit nhit Phin mfn Khoa hfc 4, bii 51: Ning, Ifnh vi nhift df (tilp theo) Mye tiiu bii hpe: >• HS ed thi lim till nghifm dl chdng minh: - Vft ndng hon ludn truyln nhift cho vftl^nhhon; Nudc vi mft s6 chit Idng khie gip ndngtillnd ra, gip l^nh thi co lai > HS cd till trinh biy hilu bilt bing ldi ndi, bing cic bii tip rin ki ning dpcvilt > HS td md, ham hilu bilt khoa hpc, ed y thiie ip dyng kiln thdc dupc hpc vio ddi sing Chung tdi chpn mye tieu "HS cd thi lim thi nghifm dl chiing minh: Nudc gip ndng thi nd ra, gip i^nh thi co l^i" dl xiy dvmg bii tip rin kl ning dpc-vilt eho HS d bii tip niy, nhifm vy dpe vi vilt ciia HS si dupc dit cic yiu cau sau: a Nhifm vtf dffc cia HS: Dpe tinh hudng xuit phit; Dpe cau hdi dinh hudng dl tim hilu vindl; Dpe phin hudng dan chpn phuang tifn thi nghifm bing cich dinh diu vao cic lya chpn cho sin; Dpe yeu eiu cda bii tfp diln tti, dpe dl chpn tvi thich hpp diln vio chl tring, dpe toin vin bii tip sau di diln til; Dpe eiu hdi cua bii tfp ling dyng d phin culi dl suy lufn vi tri ldi (Bai tfp dinh cho HS gidi) b Nhifm v(i viit cia HS: 135 T»lf(rH0B*INOC>UP>l»ilII KHOAHOC Viet nhung nhan dinh ban dau ve vdn dl ddt ra; Viet Iam bai tap dien tir vao chd trdng; Viet thu cho ban de giai thich van de; (Xem phdn Phu luc ve thiet ke cy thi) Ket luan Dge-viet la hai nhieu nhimg kT ndng rat quan trgng vigc giiip HS tiep thu cac kiln thiic khoa hgc Vi vdy, vigc hinh kT ndng dgc-viet la nhiem vu quan trgng va can thiet khdng chi ciia nhiing mdn hgc cd nhigm vy day ngdn ngii md ciia tdt ca cac mdn hgc khae, cd cdc mdn hge ve ty nhien va xa hdi Trong chuong trinh Giao due tieu hgc Viet Nam, ngoai mdn Tieng Viet, mdn TN-XH la mgt mdn hgc ddng vai trd quan trgng vigc hinh thdnh kT nang dgeviet cho HSTH Nhirng kien thuc khoa hgc thugc chii de ty nhien bao gid ciing hap dan vd ldi cudn tre tir nhung ndm thang ddu ddi vd phii hgp vdi dde diem tam - sinh li cua chiing Thdng qua viec tilp thu nhiing kien thuc khoa hgc bdng cac Tap 14, S61 (2017): 129-138 hinh thiic trdi nghiem sdng tao, kT ndng dge-viet ciing se dugc hinh mgt each ty nhien, de dang vd hieu qud De viec hinh kT nang dgc-viet cho HSTH thdng qua day hgc mdn TN-XH dugc thye hien mgt each tdt nhat, chucmg trinh mdn hgc phai dugc xay dyng theo hudng tiep can nang luc va theo hudng tich hgp cao Cd nhu vay GV mdi khdng phai tap trung toan bd siie luc va thdi gian vigc nhdi nhet kien thiic cho HS ma quen di viec day cho HS kT ndng sir dung ngdn ngu va nhieu kT nang sdng can thiet khac Vd ghi chep cd nhan, d§c bigt la vd bai tap, dugc eoi la nhirng cdng cy ho trg tdt neu chimg dugc sir dyng thudng xuyen vd cd sy kiem tra, danh gid nghiem tiic Cac dang bai tap dge vd viet thdng qua trai nghigm, dge viet sang tao dua tren nhiing y tudng eiia ngudi khde ciing ludn la nhiing cdng ey ho trg tdt de hinh ki ndng dgc-viet cho HSTH Ngoai ra, can quan tam han den kT ndng dgc-viet eac bg de kiem tra danh gia ket qua hge tap ciia HS thay vi ehi quan tam thuan tiiy den danh gia kien thiie khoa hgc nhu hien TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bg Giao dye va Dao t^o (2006), Chircmg trinh Gido due Ihong cdp liiu hgc, Nxb Giao dye Bp Giao d\icva Dao tao (2012), i'dc/ig/do^/ioa Tif nhien vd Xa hgi 3; Sdch gido khoa Khoa hgc 4, 5, Nxb Giao dye Hoang Hoa Binh, Nguyen Minh Thuyet (2012), Phinmg phdp dgy hgc Tiing Viit nhin tir tiiu hgc, Nxb Giao dye Vi?t Nam Ph^m Phucmg Anh (2014), Lugn vdn Thgc si Gido dye hgc Georges Charpak (1996), Bdn tay ngn bgt khoa hgc d tnccmg tieu hgc Ban djch tir tilng Phap, Ngudi djch Dinh Nggc Lan (1999), Nxb Giao dye Nguyin Thi Bich Hanh, Tran Thj Thu Mai (2009), Tam li hgc tieu hgc vd tdm li hgc suphgm tieu hgc, Nxb Giao dye Vi^t Nam 136 Tiv6iis a«i HOC lir m^a n HO CHI HINH KHOAHOC 10 11 12 13 14 15 Bd ThjNga D6 Thj Nga (2013), Duda cm trang aha thily tinh KMlAninAnaliorltellôrlinuSe.nivciwae*'i]ngiuaicfindpceDajlihDMlA D 6ng thfiy 1Mi trang mdt G Oiovrt^^lrang • NUKISyKfvAlnjae • Nuscoa • a Em quan idt muc nJ9c tronotfngm i } / ! ! * •* Em aCirv bCit long