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Tap chi so 28, th ing 02 2018, tn ldng Dai bgc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859 4611 V ^ DUNG TUTUCTNG HO CHI MINH VE GIAO DUG VAO D O I MOfl CHl/ONG T R I N H G I A O D U G PHO THONG HIEN NAY Lai Thi Nggc Hanh''''[.]
Tap chi so 28, t h i n g 02-2018, t n l d n g Dai bgc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611 V ^ DUNG TUTUCTNG HO CHI MINH VE GIAO DUG VAO D O I MOfl CHl/ONG T R I N H G I A O D U G PHO THONG HIEN NAY Lai Thi Nggc Hanh' Ngay nh^n bai: 01/01/2018; Ngay phan bien thdng qua: 15/01/2018; Ngay duyet dang: 30/01/2018 TOM TAT Trong di san tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, tu tudng vl giao due ludn cd y nghTa ly luan va thyc tien sau sac ddi vdi sy nghilp each mang Vilt Nam, Hd Chi Minh da cd nhung chi dan bet siic quy bau ve myc tieu, nhiem vu, ngi dung, phuong phap giao due nham phat tnln mdt nin giao due toan diln Nhiing chi dan dd khdng chi cd gia tri qua khii ma van cdn nguyin gia tri djnh hudng, soi dudng cho cdng cudc ddi mdi can ban va toan diln giao due, dao tao ciia nude ta hiln Trong bai vilt nay, tac gia tap trung lam rd ndi dung co ban tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve giao due, ddng thdi phan tich sy van dyng cua Dang, Nha nude vao ddi mdi chuong trinh giao due phd thdng hiln Tir khoa; giao due, tu tirdng Hd Chi Minh ddi mdi giao due NQI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 2.7, Ngi dung nghien cuu - Khai quat ndi dung co ban tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve giao due: myc dich giao due, ngi dung giao due, phuong phap giao due - Sy van dyng tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vl giao due cua Dang, Nha nude Viet Nam vile ddi mdi can ban, toan dien giao dye va dao tao hien nay, cu the la ddi mdi chuong triiih giao dye phd thdng 2.2 Phuffngphdp nghiin cuu - Phucmg phap lich sir, phuong phap van ban Ngudi da cd nhiing chi dan hit siic quy bau vl muc tilu, nhiem vu, ngi dung, phuong phap giao hgc sii dyng de nghiin ciiu, khai quat tu tudng Hd due nham phat triln mgt nin giao due loan diln Chi Minh vl giao due Nhung chi din dd khdng chi cd gia tri tryctilpchi - Phuong phap phan tich va tdng hgp ly thuyet d?o cdng tac giao due ciia dat nude trudc day, ma sir dung de lam rd sy van dung tu tudng Hd Chi vin cdn nguyen gia tri dinh hudng, soi dudng cho Minh vi giao due ciia Dang, Nha nude Viet Nam cdng cudc ddi mdi can ban va toan diln giao dye, KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ VA THAO LUAN dao tao cua nude ta hiln 3.1 Ngi dung co bdn tu tudng Ho Chi Minh ve Trong su nghiep ddi mdi dit nude, hdi nhap giao due cang sau rdng, day manh cdng nghilp hda hien dai hda, viec nghien cuu tu tudng Hd Chi 3.1.1 Myc dich giao dye Theo Chu tich Hd Chi Minh, myc dich cua giao Minh vl giao due la radt vile bit siic quan trgng va cin thiit Vile van dung tu tudng Hd Chi Minh due la dao tao nin nhirng ngudi cdng dan hiiu ich cho nude Viet Nam, phat trien toan diln ngudi vi giao due giai doan hiln ddi hdi phai sang ta.0, phii hgp vdi thyc tien ddng thdi gan vdi Trong Thu gui cdc hgc sinh nhan kbai trudng nhung chii truong, dudng ldi vi giao due ciia Dang diu tiln ciia nude Vilt Nam ddc lap thang nam va chinh sach phap luat cua Nha nude Tu tudng 1945, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh chi muc dich cua Hd Chi Minh vi giao due se la nin tang soi dudng giao due: "Ngay nay, cac em dugc cai may man cho cdng cudc ddi mdi giao due d nude ta ttong hon cha anh la dugc hap thu mdt nin giao due ciia giai doan hiln Vile van dung tutiidngHd mdt nude dgc lap, mdt nen giao due nd se dao tao Chi Minh v i giao due se gdp phin vao viec xay cac em nen nhimg ngudi cdng dan hiru ich cho dyng mgt nin giao due Viet Nam phat triin, toan nude Viet Nam, mdt nen giao due lam phat trien diln, xay dyng ngudi Viet Nam vira "hdng" hoan loan nhiing nang luc san cd cua cac era" (Hd Chi Minh, 201 la, tr.34) Giao due giiip dao tao nen vua "chuyin" MO DAU Sioh thdi, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh dac bill quan tam phat triln sy nghiep giao due ciia dat nude Ngudi cho rang: "Mudn giii viing nin ddc lap, Mudn lam cho dan manh nude giau, Mgi nguai Viet Nam phai hilu bilt quyen lgi ciia minh, bdn phan ciia minh, phai cd kiln thiic mdi dl cd thi tham gia vao cdng cudc xay dyng nude nha, va trudc hit phai biet dgc, bilt vilt chii qudc ngii" (Hd Chi Minh, 2011a, y.40) / ThS Khoa Ly ludn chinh tri - Dgi hgc Tdy Nguyen Tdc gid lien he: Lgi Thi Ngoc Hanh; DT: 0984949906, Email 93 hanh84dhtn@gmail.com T^p chi so 28, thang 02-2018 trUdng Dai hoc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611 d trudng, thi kinh thay, ylu ban, doan kit va nhiing cdng dan hiiu ich cho sy nghilp xay dung va bao vl Td qudc, ddng thai cung gnip phat huy giiip lan mgi nang lye sin cd ciia ngudi hgc, phat tnen toan nha, thi yeu kinh va giiip cha me diln ca nhan Nen giao due dd khdng chi don thuan d xa hdi thi tiiy siic minh ma tham gia nhung tao nhihig ngudi lao ddng cd trinh dg tay nghi viec cd ich lgi chung " (Hd Chi Minh, 2011d, ma cdn giiip cho mdi ca nhan cd co hdi phat tiien y.i75), va hoan thiln ban than, phat huy tat ca nhimg the Chii tich Hd Chi Minh ddng thdi dinh huong mgnb ma minh cd dugc Mdi hgc sinh la mdt ca tiii hoan toan khac vi thi giao due khdng phai viec van dyng ndi dung giag due cho mdi cap hgc cho phii hgp nhat Theo Ngudi: ddi vdi "Dai la lam cho tit ca hgc sinh diu gidi gidng nhu ma cai chinh la phai lam cho mdi hgc sinh hgc thi cin kit hgp ly luan khoa hgc vditiiychanh, siic hgc l^ luan va khoa hgc tien lien ciia cac phat huy dugc tdt nhat nang lye ciia minh nude ban, kit hgp vdi thyc lien nude ta, dl thiei Chu tich Hd Chi Minh nhiiu lan ndi den muc thyc giiip ich cho cdng cugc xay dyng nude nha dich giao due theo nhilu each khac nhau, Ngudi Trung hgc thi can dam bao cho hgc trd nbOng tri cho ring: Hoc dl lam viec, lam ngudi, lam can bd thiic phd thdng chic chan, thiet thyc, thich hgp vdi Hgc di phung sy doan thi, giaj cap va nhan dan, nhu ciu va tiln dd xay dyng nude nha, bd nhiing Td qudc va nhan loai Hgc dl sira chiia tir tudng phin nao khdng can thilt cho ddi sdng thyc te Chii tich Hd Chi Minh khing dinh: "Trudng hgc Tiiu hgc thi cin giao dye cac chau thieu nhi: Ylu ciia chiing ta la trudng hgc ciia cbl dd dan chii Td qudc, ylu nhan dan, ylu lao dgng, yeu khoa nhan dan, nham muc dich dao tao nhiing cdng dan hgc, trgng cua cdng Cach day phai nh? nhang va va can bd tdt, nhiing ngudi chii tuong lai tdt cua vui ve, chd gd ep thieu nhi vao khudn khd ciia nude nha" (Hd Chi Minh, 201 Id, tr.l85) Cd liic ngudi Idn Phai dac biet chu y giii gin siic khoe Ngudi lai ndi: "Muc dich gmo due bay gid la phuc cua cac chau" (Hd Chi Mmh, 2011 d,ti.186), vy nhan dan, phuc vu Td qudc, dao tao Idp ngudi, Kiln thiic la dac biet can thilt dl kiln tiiiet Idp can bd mdi" (Hd Chi Mmh, 26lld, ti-.344) "Giao dye nham dao tao nhirng ngudi kl tuc sy qudc gia, bao vl dat nude, nhung Chu tich Hd Chi nghiep each mang to Idn ciia Dang va nhan dan Minh ciing chi ring, dao diic ddng vai tro nen ta" (Hd Chi Minh, 201 Ig,ti:.508).Nhu vay, co tiie tang cho sy phat trien nhan each, bin canh tai thi thiy, theo Bac giao due cd muc dich la dao tao diic la mdt nhan td quan tigng de tap hgp, ddng nhiing ngudi mdi - ngudi viia "hdng" vira vien lye lugng thuc hiln mgi cdng vile cua dat "chuyin" - nhiing ngudi chu cua nude nha, hirdng nude, ciia nhan lo^i Ndi chuyen vdi can bd sinh den ich nude lgi dan, nham phyc vu cho su nghiep viln Trudng Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ngi 21each mang ve vang cua dan tdc Khdng cd giao 10-1964, Ngudi chi ro: "Day ciing nhu hgc phai dye se khdng the cd "nhiing ngudi chii tuong lai biet chii trgng ca tai lan diic Diic la dao diic each tdt ciia nude nha" Khdng cd giao dye dat nude se mang Dd la cai gdc, rat la quan Nlu khdng cd dao diic each mang thi cd tai cijng vd dung" khdng thi phat triln dugc (H^ Chi Minh, 201 If, tr.400) 3.1.2 Ngi dung giao due Chii tich Hd Chi Minh thudng xuyln khicb II giao viln va can bg quan ly giao due phai bdi dudng cho the he tre tinh cam tdt dep, tiirdc hit la tinh thuong ylu gia dinh, ban be, ddng chi, quy tigng thay cd giao, ylu Td qudc, ylu ddng bao, hinh ^ thiic ky luat, i? thiic tap thi, Idi sdng that tha, khiem tdn, trung thuc, gian di, biit xu sy theo tinh than "mdi ngudi vi mgi ngudi, mgi ngudi vi mdi ngudi" va thdi quen thyc hanh ddi sdng mdi Theo Hd Chi Minh, de dat dugc muc dich dao tao nin "nhiing ngudi chii tuong lai tdt cua nude nha", ndi dung giao due phai mang tinh loan diln Cy the phai bao gdm the due, tri due, my due, diic due Ngudi chi rd: "- Thi dye: De lam than thi manh khoe, ddng thdi can giir vl sinh rieng va vl sinh chung - Tri due: On lai nhiing dieu da hgc, hgc thim nhiing tri thiic mdi - My dye: Dl phan biet cai gi la dep, cai gi la khdng dep - Diic dye: La yeu Td qudc, yeu nhan dan, yeu lao ddng, ylu khoa hgc, yeu tigng ciia cdng (5 cai ylu) Cac era can ren luyen diic tinh thanb that va diing cara Theo dd, phai chii trgng cac mat: dao diic each mang, giac ngd xa hgi chu nghia, van hoa, ky thu|t, lao ddng va san xuit Thi hi tre phai dugc giao due ve ly tudng va dao diic xa hdi chii nghTa nhu hat nhan nhan each ciia ngudi cbl xa hdi mdi Ddng thdi, nha trudng phai bao dam cho the he tie din din lam chu kho tang kiln thiic van hoa 94 %;_5bis6 28, tiiang 02-2018 trUdng Dai hgc Tay Nguyen cua loai ngudi, trau ddi cho minh mdt vdn hieu bilt vl khoa hoc, ky thuat co ban, thiittiiyc,viing chic, cd thi van dung vao tiiuc ti va ren luyen ky nang, didi quen lao dgng thuc hanh 1.3 Phuangphdp giao due De dat dugc muc tieu giao dye cSn phai cd phuong phap giao due diing din, nhim lara cho hgc sinh hgc tap, ren luyln mdt each tu giac va tich cyc de tiep thu dugc ndi dung giao dye, chuyen hoa ndi dung giao due phim chat tdt dep ciia minh Chu tich Hd Chi Minh dac biet nhin manh den cac phuang phap giao due sau: 3.1.3.1 Phuangphdp hgc phdi di ddi vdi hdnh ly ludn lien he vdi thuc tien Hd Chi Minh cho rang hgc phai gan vdi hanh, hgc' ma khdng hanh, khong ap dung vao thyc te khac nao chile hdm dyng day sach, hanh ma khdng hgc thi hanh khdng tidi chay Trong Thu gui cdc hgc sinh vilt thang nam 1945, Hd Chi Minh viet; "Phai san sang ma chdng quan giac cudp nude, day la bdn ph^n ciia mdi cdng dan Cac em Idn chua ban din tudi phai ganh cdng viec nang nbgc ay, nhung cac em ciing nen, ngoai gid hgc d trudng, tham gia vao cac Hgi ciiu qudc dl tap luyen them cho quen vdi ddi sdng chien si va dl giiip mdt vai viec nhe nhang tiong cudc phdng thu dit nude" (Hd Chi Mmh, 2011a, h:.35), Nhu vay, tiieo Hd Chi Mmh, nhilm vy cua bgc sinh khdng chi la hgc tap dl dua dat nude Viet Nam budc tdi dai vinh quang dl sanh vai vdi cac cudng qudc nam chau ma ngoai gJd hoc cdn cin fhiet phai tham gia cac ho^t dgng xa hdi di cho "quen them vdi ddi sdng chiin sT va de giiip mgt vai vile nhe nhang cudc phdng thu dit nude" Hgc tap la cdng vile quan trgng nhit cua hgc sinh nhung dieu dd khdng cd nghTa hgc sinh chi can hgc va hgc, chi can la nhiing "con mgt sach", nim viing ly thuyit thdi la dii Ngoai vile hgc tap d nha trudng, hgc sinh cdn can dugc td chiic mgt each hgp \