NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG THUC NGHIEM DAY GIIJI Tl/ TIENG ANH PHAN LOAI THEO SU PHU THUOC CUA Gif t Tlf Vdl CAC Tlf LOAI KHAC TRONG CAI) Dir Till Mai Khoa Ngogi ngit Trudng DH Hdng B&c SUMMARY English pre[.]
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG THUC NGHIEM DAY GIIJI Tl/ TIENG ANH PHAN LOAI THEO SU PHU THUOC CUA Gift Tlf Vdl CAC Tlf LOAI KHAC TRONG CAI) Dir Till Mai Khoa Ngogi ngit - Trudng DH Hdng B&c SUMMARY English prepositions are classified according to their dependence on other words in sentencs including two types: independent and dependent prepositions This classification helps student savoidmaking some errors when using prepositions in Englishphrases Keywords: Experimental study, teaching English prepositions, prepositions classified according to the dependence on other words in sentences Ngay nhdn bdl: 10-5-2014; Ngay duyft dang: 30/5/2014 I Dat van de Gidi tir la tu loai ehi mdi lign hd gifta cdc tir logi khde cym td, cau Gidi td thudng lidn kgt danh tir, tinh td, dgi td va ddng td vdi hoac vdi nhigu ttr logi khdc Gidi tirtiing Anh thudng gdy khd khan eho ngudi hge vi chung cd nhieu dac digm khae biet nen thudng rat khd ddi chilu vdi gidi td tigng Vigt giang dgy cho sinh vien khdng chuyen ngO- Gidi td thudng dugc dgy theo cdch phdn logi phd bien mpt sd sach nga phap tigng Anh thye hanh cdc tdc gid nude ngodi vd tac gid ngudi Viet vilt nhung hgn che eua cdc cdch phdn loai ndy md ddn den vi§e sir dyng gidi tir sai d nhilu sinh vien khdng chuygn ngd II Vi tri cua gidi tir cau Bdng 01: Vj tri gidi lie Irong cdu ngodi nude phan logi theo ^ nghTa vd muc dich sir dyng eua chiing Theo tigu chi vl nghTa, gidi td tilng Anh thudng dugc chia thdnh logi sau; Gidi td ehi vi tri (Prepositions of Place / Position): Gdm nhOng gidi tir chi vj tri cda ngudi hay vat nhu "in" (d trong), "on", (d trdn) "behind" (d dang sau), "between" (d giiia), v.v Vi dy: - He is in the room Gidi tu chi thdi gian (Prepositions of Time): Gdm cdc gidi td chi thdi gian hdnh ddng xay nhu "in": vdo (ndm, mua, thdng, budi, v.v.) hay "on": vdo (thu, ngdy, thang, v.v.), Vi dy; I met her in 2005 Gidi td chi hudng chuyin dgng (Prepositions of Direction / Movement): Gdm edc gidi td thudng di vdi cdc ddng tir chuyin ddng dg chi hudng chuyin dpng cua ngudi hay vat nhu "up" (len), "down" (xudng), "to" (tdi), "into" (vdo trong), v.v Vi du: He is running into Vj tri cau SoTT Vidu minh h^a the room Sau dgng ttr He is gl home - Anh dy Gidi tu chi mdi quan he (Prepositions of "be"va trudc d nhd Relation): Chi mdi quan he gi&a cde thdnh phdn frong danh ttr He will live in Australia eau nhu: - "about": vl (ai, edi gi,), v.v; - "with": vdi for three months = Anh (ai), bang (edi gl), ed (edi gi), v.v dy se sdng a Uc Irong ba Vi dy: - What are you thinking about? thdn^ Cum gidi td ( Prepositional Phrases): Gdm Sau ddng ttr (cd He studies in Hanoi cde gidi tir dung sau ddng tir tao thdnh cum ttr nhu the dung sau Take your watch off "Turn on": van, tat (bdng dien, may thu thanh), v.v ddng tir, cd thg Take o ^ y o u r watch hode "Give up": td bd, thdi, v.v Vf dy; Why don't bi tir khde chen (Thdo ddng hd cua ban gitfa ddng ttr vd ra) you give up smoking? ^idi tir) Ngodi cdch phan loai kha phd biln nhu trfin nhdm tdc gid Le Huy Trudng, Dang Dinh Thi§n vd Sau tinh ttr He is afraid o/" snakes = Tran Huy Phuong cudn "Ngit phdp tilng Anh" Anh ay sg ran (A Grammar of The English Languague) dua thSm mpt cdch phan logi theo cdu true tu gdm log! sau: III Cdc cdch phan losii gidi tu- bien Trong vipc day vd hpc Ngt? phdp thyc hdnh tilng Gidi td don (Simple): Gdm cdc gidi tir ehl cd mdt tir nhdt nhu "at", "by", "on", "in", v.v Anh, cae gidi tu thudng dupe cdc tdc gid vd \l • TAP CHi THlft BI GIAO DMC-sd 106 - 6/2014 NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG Gidi tir ghdp (Compound); Gdm cdc gidi tir nhu "within" (with + in), out of, upon (up + on), into (in + to), throughout (through + out), v.v Gidi tir mang tinh chdt phdn tir (Participial): Gdm cdc gidi tir nhu : during (trong qud trinh, sudt budi, V.V.), including (bao gdm), depending (tuy thupe vdo), v.v Cym gidi td (Phrases); Bao gdm cdc cym tir gdm cd mpt ho$e hai gidi tir nhu "in front of; d ddng trude, on behalf of: thay mat cho, in spite of: mde du, dii cho, v.v Theo tdc gid David Crystal cudn "Rediscover Grammar with David Crystal", theo tigu chi ve eau true, gidi td dugc chia Idm loai gdm "Gidi td don gian" (Simple Prepositions) gdm cdc gidi tir ehi cd gdm mdt chct nhu "at", "on", "in",v.v vd "Gidi tu phdc" (Complex Prepositions) gdm cdc gidi cd td chCi trd lgn nhu "close to", "near to", "as far as", v.v Cung tren binh dien nghTa ciia tir, tdc gid David Crystal ciing ed cdch phan logi khde khd chi tigt: Gidi tir chi khdng gian (Space): Gdm hai logi "Gidi ttr chi dich den" (destination) nhu "to" (den, tdi), "into" (vdo trong), v.v vd "Gidi td chi vj trf" (position) nhu "at" (d), "on" (d trgn), "in" (d trong), v.v Gidi td chi thdi gian (Time): Gdm cde gidi td chi dilm thdi gian (point of time) nhu "at" "at o'clock" ho§c "by" "by next Monday", v.v , Gidi tir chi nguygn nhan (Cause): Bao gdm "Because of, "for", "on account of, v.v Gidi td chi phuong tifn (Means): Bao gdm "like": Nhu, gidng nhu, "with": bang (edi gi), v.v Gidi ttr chi sy kgm theo (Accompaniment): Chang hgn nhu "With"; vdi (ai), eiing (ai), v.v Gidi td chi sy ung hp, phan ddi (Support and Opposition): Gdm "for" (iing hp, vl phia), "with", "against" (ehdng Igi), v.v Gidi tu chi sy sd hthi (Possessions): Gdm "of: cua, "with": vdi, cd (edi gi), "without": khdng cd, v.v Gidi tdchi sy nhugng bg (Conssession): Gdm "in spite of, "despite": (dii, mac du), v.v Gidi td chi sy ngoai le hoac them vdo (Exceptions and Additions): Gdm "exeept"(trd ra), "besides": ngodi ra, "as well as"; cung nhu, v.v Hgn chg ciia cdc cdch phdn loai tren Id cde cdch phdn logi trgn mang tfnh chit ly thuylt phyc vy cho nghign cdu gidi tu vi dya tren tieu chf vl y nghTa, chirc ndng vd cdu true l^hl dd vl m$t thyc hdnh ngudi hge du dd bidt nghTa cua cde gidi td ndy nhung vdn gap khd khdn su dyng thye tl Dilu ndy din tinh trgng ngudi hpc thudng lap rdp gidi td tilng Anh sai theo nghTa tilng Vi6t Dilu dd ddi hdi edn cd cdch phdn logi mang y nghTa thyc hdnh, dd la phdn loai theo tinh chdt phu thudc ciia gidi tu vdi cdc tir logi khdc eau IV PhSn loai theo sy phu thupc cua gidi tir vdi cdc tijr loai khdc cau Qua nghien edu ve gidi td gidng dgy Ngilr phdp tilng Anh thyc hdnh, ta thdy rdng cd mpt sd loai gidi tir tdn tai doe lgp ve mat nghTa va eau tnic vdi cdc tu logi hay thdnh phdn khdc cdu Dilu dd cd nghTa la chiing cd the di cung vdi bat ky tu loai ndo eSu Mdt khde, cung ed mpt sd gidi ttr khdc lai bat bude phai di ciing vdi mdt tir logi nao dd vdi phy thudc hodn todn vg nghTa vdi cdc tir logi khde edu Chung thudng tgo thdnh ede cym tu ed djnh nhu cym ddng tir, cym tfnh td vd cym danh td Theo tieu chf ve sy phy thuge ve nghTa va edu trde vdi cdc tir logi khdc cau, gidi td tieng Anh cd the dugc chia thdnh logi: Gidi td ddc lap (independent prepositions) vd Gidi ttr phy thudc (dependent prepositions) Mgt ddc diem quan trgng gay khd khan eho ngudi hpc la hau nhu tat cd ede gidi ttr vira ddng vai trd Id gidi tu dpe lgp nhung Igi ddng thdi cung la gidi ttr phy thudc Ngudi hpc tilng Anh khdng phan biet vl gidi td ddc lap vdi gidi ttr phy thupe nen ed the ghgp cdc gidi tu dpe lap vdi dpng ttr, danh td hay tfnh tu de tgo thdnh cym td theo cdch dien dgt lap ghgp td ciia tilng Viet Chang hgn, diln dgt cau "Anh ay phdn nan vdi tdi ve su vang mat cua chj" cd thl diln dgt theo kigu lap ghep td nhu sau: "He complained with me about your absense" nhung cym ddng tu dung phdi la "To complain lo (sbd) about/at (something)": phan nan vdi (ai) vg (edi gi) Gid'i tird$c idp (independent prepositions): Chung la nhdng gidi ttr tdn tai ddc lap ve nghTa vd cau true edu, chung khdng bdt bupe phai di theo bdt cd phan ndo cdu Gidi ttr doe lap bao gdm edc logi gidi td chfnh nhu: gidi td chi noi chdn, gidi tu thdi gian, gidi td chi hudng chuyen dpng vd mpt sd gidi ttr mang y nghTa doc lgp khae cdu (theo cae each phan logi tren) Vi dy: Gidi td "In" cd thl dugc dimg vdi bdt ky dpng tir ndo, va dimg nhigu thdi khdc nhau; He is in the living-room (To Be, hien tgi don) He lived in Hanoi last year (To Live (dpng tu thudng), qua khd don) He will work in my father's company next month (To Work (dpng tu thudng), tuong lai don) TAP CHi THlfrBIGlAODi;C-Sd 106-6/2014 • 13 NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG Gidi tir phu thu^c (dependent prepositions) Ld nhijng gim tu bat bude phai di theo hay kit hgp vdi mdt ttr loai ndo dd hay thdnh phdn ndo eau dl tgo thdnh mot cym tu nhu cym danh tu, cym tinh td hay cum ddng tir dd edc tir logi la trung tdm Mudn sOr dyng dung ngudi hpc phai nhd ca cym tir va ddi phdi ghi nhd cd cau true cau sd dung cym tir dd Cae cum gidi tir thudng cd sy gdn ket chat che ve ca nghTa va elu true va khdng thg dting tir khdc thay the hoac xen tir khae vdo Vf dy: Cum ttr "To look for: tim kiem" edu " I am looking for my friend." Ta khdng thd thay thg gidi tu "for" bdng gidi ttr khde md nghTa cum td van giti' nguygn vd ta eung khdng thl ddi vi trf eua "my friend" trude "for" thdnh "I am looking my friend for." Mdt sy khde biet giiiB gidi tir phy thudc vd gidi ttr ddc lap Id gidi tir dge lap ludn ed mpt hay nhieu nghTa eu the nhung gidi ttr phy thudc edc cum tu cd thg cd hoac khdng ed nghTa cy thg hodc kgt hpp cting vdi ede td logi khae cum mdi tao thdnh nghTa chung va nghTa cua cua cum td khdng phdi luc ndo ciing Id phep edng cua eac ttr phdn Chang hgn cum td "To take after: gidng nhau" thi "after" khdng ed nghTa eu thg Gidi td phy thudc cd the tdn tgi loai cym tu sau: a Cym danh td Cum danh tu Id cum tu cd danh tu di eiing vdi hoac gidi td nhu: in love with: dang ygu (ai), in a word: tdm Igi, in tears: dang khdc, on the way to: tren dudng tdi , v.v b Cum tinh tu Cum tinh tir la cum ttr dd ed tinh ttr di cting vdi hoac gidi tu nhu: angry with: tuc gian (ai), polite to: le phep vdi (ai), v.v e Cum ddng ttr Cym dpng ttr la cum tu cd ddng tu di vdi I hoac gidi td nhu: To agree with (sbd) about (smth): ddng y vdi (ai) vl (cai gi do), to talk to (sbd) about (smth): ndi chuyen vdi (ai) ve (cai gi), to look up to (sbd): tdn trpng (ai) v.v V Thyc nghiem day gidi tir theo cdch phan loai theo sy phu thupe vdo tir loai khdc cdu B^ ddnh gia kha ndng phan biet vd su dung dung gidi td doc lap vd gidi td phu thudc tieng Anh, 20 gidi ttr vira la gidi tir phu thugc vira Id gidi ttr doc lap dugc lya chpn ngdu nhien va thigt kg Bai kilm Ira gidi td sd 01 (gdm 40 cdu, mdi gidi td dugc chpn se thudc hai logi khdc nhau) Bdi kiem tra sd 01 khdng chdm dilm vd khdng xep loai ma chi thdng H • TAP CHi THIFTBI GIAO DMC-Sfi 106-6/2014 ke sd cau 1dm dung vd sd cSu Idm sai Ket qua Bdng 02 eho thdy, 76% s y chi diln dung tdng 16/40 cdu dung; sd SV dat tir tdng td 24-36/40 cdu dung chi dat 24 % Bdng 02: Phdn tich ket qud Bdi kiem tra gidi tie tieng Anhsd 01 Bdi kilm tra (40 cau) s6 TT So cau dungvl Gidi tildec ISp (20 cau) S6 SV 1dm dung So cau dAng ve GiiVi til-phu tliu^c (20 cau) Ting s6c3u diing 03 6% 19/20 17/20 36/40 04 8% 16/20 14/20 30/40 05 10% 13/20 11/20 24/40 38 76% 10/20 06/20 16/40 Tien hdnh thyc nghifm Ddi tupng: Mpt Idp gdm 50 SV khdng chuygn ngd ndm thd: frudng DH Hdng Ddc dwge lya chgn tham gia thyc nghiem Bude 1: GV tien hdnh tiet hgc hudng ddn sir dung va phdn bidt cdch sd dyng 20 gidi td dd chgn d trgn cung vdi mgt sd cym tir cd dinh ciia ehdng G V su dyng tiet 1dm bdi tap thyc hdnh su dyng cdc gidi td d trdn Bude 2: GV thilt kl Bdi kilm tra gidi tir sd 02 (gdm 40 cau trie nghiem su dyng 20 gidi tu vd cym tu da hgc) vd tien hdnh kigm tra trgn Idp Kit qud bdi kilm tra sd 02 cho thay sy tiln bd cua S V nhu bang Kit qua 02 bdi kilm tra eho thdy 90 % HS dgt ygu cdu tir diem Trung binh (6 dilm) din Khd, Gidi (tu din 9,5 dilm) Chi ed 10 % Id khdng dgt ygu cau, dat digm Bdng 03: Tdng hgp ket qud bai Idem Ira gidi lu tieng A nh Bdi kiem tra si TT Xep loai s6 lu^g HS TJl! ph^n tram 01 G i i ( D i l m - 10) 25 50 % 02 Kha (Diim 7- 8) 15 30% 03 Trung binh (Diem 5-6) 05 10% 04 Kem C D i i m - 4) 05 10% NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG Bang 04: Phdn tich kit qud Bdi kiim tra gidi tit tieng logi gidi tu tilng Anh Cdch phdn logi ndy cung gidp Anhsd 02 ngucn hpc ngoai ngd trdnh mde mdt sd loi su dyng gidi tiJr cua tieng Anh Do vgy, dgy hpc vl Bdi kilm tra (40 cSu) gidi tu tilng Anh GV cdn phdn biet rd gidi td dpe Idp si cau So cdu vdi gidi tir phy thudc vd cln thilt phdi yeu cdu SV si So SV Idm dijngvl dting v l T^ng hge thudc cd cum td dl diln dgt cho dung vdi cdch dling TT Giaito- Giditirphi) s i cdu dien dgt eiia ngudi ban ngd Kit qua thye nghiem cho d$c I9P tiiu^c (20 dling thay rang dupe phdn biet vd ehi rd gidi ttr dpe lap cdu) (20 cdu) vdi gidi td phy thudc thi hau hit S V dd khdng mac Idi 18/20 25 50% 20/20 38/40 sir dyng gidi tir phu thudc frong cdc logi cym tir 15 30% 17/20 15/20 32/40 Tdi liSu tham khdo: 05 10% 13/20 11/20 24/40 David, C (1998) Rediscover Grammar with 05 10% 10/20 06/20 16/40 David Crystal I^ngman Lg Huy Trudng, Dang Dinh Thi^n va Trdn Huy Bang 04 eho thdy sd SV 1dm dung 38/40 eau dd dat 50 %; 40 % SV dat td 24/40 din 32/40 dgt 40 % Phuong (1998) NgUphdp tiing Anh (A Grammar of The English Languague) NXB Gido dye Chi cd 10 % chi lam dung 16/40 cdu Ket qud cho Peny Ur (1996) A course in language thly hdu hgt SV da phan bigt va sd dyng ddng gidi ttr ddc lap va gidi ttr phy thugc theo each phan logi mdi leaching - Practice and theory C.U.P Hornby, A.S (1995) Oxford Advanced V Kit lu^n Viec phan loai gidi td theo mii:c dd phy thudc Learner 'Dictionary of Current English O.U.P Nguygn Hgnh Dung (2005) Phuong phdp dgy vl nghTa cua gidi ttr vdi edc td logi khde edu Id mdt cdch tilp cdn mdi nghign cdu vd phdn liengAnh Irong trudng phd thdng NXB Gido dye llllllllllllllllll^lllllllllllllllllllltlllllllllllllMlflllllNMIIIIIIIIItlllllllllllllllllllltllllllNIIDIIII llllltllltmilllillNNinillllllllllllllllllMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIMMIMIIItlllllMIIIIINIIIINIIMMIII PHO CAP GIAO DUC CHO TRE EM • • • Idp, tilp tyc khuyin khieh huy dpng dl tdng ty le tre 3,4 tudi din trudng mlm non Ygu cdu 100% ede trudng mdm non, cde nhdm tre, Idp mdu gido thyc hien Chucmg trinh GDMN mdi Dam bdo 100% trg h^c budi/ (trong cd tre tudi) tgo dieu kien dg thye hi^n chucmg trinh thugn Ipi vd hipu qua - Phdi hpp gida gia dlnh - nhd trudng vd day mgnh cdng tdc XHHGD Cde nhd trudng phdi hpp vdi gia dinh ddng vien hpc sinh dd tudi Idp di hpc chuygn can, d^e biet quan tdm cdc ddi tupng dd tudi PCGDMN cho tre em tudi Cdc nhd trudng cd trach nhiem thyc hign dung ehuong trinh gido dye theo quy djnh cua Bd Gido dye vd Ddo tao Thudng xuygn tra, kilm tra, ddnh gia, kilm djnh chdt lupng; thyc hi^n cdng tdc thi dua khen thudng thudng xuyen, djnh k^ ddi vdi cdc t|p thl, cd nhan cd t(eh phong trdo khuyin hgc, khuyin tdi - Ddm bao sd djnh mde gido vign/ Idp; Ndng cao ch^t lupng ddi ngu cdn bd gido vign, d$e biet Id cdn bO tham gia qudn ly edng tdc PCGDMN eho tre em tudi Ddy mgnh viec ddo tgo, b6i dudng gido vign vd edn bd gudn ly, ddm bdo du sd lupng, ddng bp vl CO cdu, chat lugng dOi ngQ ddp dng ygu cdu ddi mdi gido due ddo tgo (tiep theo trang 9) Ket ludn Phd cap gido dye phd thdng, dd ed phd egp gido dye mSm non cho tre em tudi Id chu truong dung ddn cua Ddng vd Nhd nude ta Kgt qud dgt ehuan qude gia vl PCGDMN eho tre em tudi ciia thdnh phd Bde Ninh ehi Id thdnh qud bude ddu, todn thdnh phi cdn tigp tyc coi day Id nhiem vy thudng xuyen, lign tyc, Idu dai va khdng ngimg nang cao chat lugng ngdnh hpc mlm non ndi chung va cdng tdc qudn ly PCGDMN cho tre em tudi ndi rieng Nhdm dem Igi eho mSi tre em tdm thl tdt nhat trude bude vao Idp 1, de eac em phdt triln tdt vl mat thl chdt, tri tue, tinh edni - xa hdi, m^t ngdn ngu: va mdt sd ky nSng can thiet cho hogt dpng hgc tap sau ndy Tdi ii^u tham khdo: Dang Qude Bdo (1997), Mgl sd khdi ni^m ve 9wd«/ygjao ^uc - NXB HdNpi.Tr 32-47; D I dn PCGDMN cho tre em tudi giai dpan 2010-2015-Bd GD&DT; Bdo cdo kit qua Phd cap Gido dye mdm non cho tre em tudi thdnh phd Bae Ninh 2011, Tr6-trl2 Nghi quylt, Phd cap Gido dye mam non cho tre em tydi thdnh phd Bac Ninh giai dgan 2011-2015 TAP CHi THIFTB! GIAO OgC-Sd 106-6/2014 • 15 ... tilng Anh sai theo nghTa tilng Vi6t Dilu dd ddi hdi edn cd cdch phdn logi mang y nghTa thyc hdnh, dd la phdn loai theo tinh chdt phu thudc ciia gidi tu vdi cdc tir logi khdc eau IV PhSn loai theo. .. gidi tu tilng Anh Cdch phdn logi ndy cung gidp Anhsd 02 ngucn hpc ngoai ngd trdnh mde mdt sd loi su dyng gidi tiJr cua tieng Anh Do vgy, dgy hpc vl Bdi kilm tra (40 cSu) gidi tu tilng Anh GV cdn... thudc Ngudi hpc tilng Anh khdng phan biet vl gidi td ddc lap vdi gidi ttr phy thupe nen ed the ghgp cdc gidi tu dpe lap vdi dpng ttr, danh td hay tfnh tu de tgo thdnh cym td theo cdch dien dgt lap