NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG NGHIEN COU MOT SO CHI TIEU VE HJNH THAI VA SINH LY CUA HOC SINH KHOI TRUNG HOC PHO THONG TS HoJingTh|Nglil$p Khoa Sinh hgc, Tru&ng Dgi hgc Ddng Thdp SUMARY This study was done fr[.]
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG NGHIEN COU MOT SO CHI TIEU VE HJNH THAI VA SINH LY CUA HOC SINH KHOI TRUNG HOC PHO THONG TS.HoJingTh|Nglil$p Khoa Sinh hgc, Tru&ng Dgi hgc Ddng Thdp SUMARY This study was done from 2011 to 2012 on the school students (358 students) in Cao Lanh District, Dong Thap Province The research results showed that the height of the students fi-om the highschoolintheCaoLanhdistrict, Dong Thap province increase in age 16 to 17, at the age of 17 to 18 slow down and even not increased In the same age, the height of men is generally higher than women's For men aged 16 to 18 increased body mass For women, the increase in volume, aged 16 and 17 and reduce aged 17 to IS Systolic and diastolic blood pressure changed with age, also vary by gender In the same age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure for men are higher than women Nh4nbMn^y 11/11/2013, ngiy duyitd^g 25/12/2013 Phan md dau Lua tuoi hgc sinh trung hpc phi thdng (THPT) sg la mpt nguon nhan lyc doi dao cho sy phdt triln ciia ddt nude \^?c chdm lo sdc khoe eho cdc em hit sdc quan trgng, bdi Ida tuoi hpc sinh THPT Id thdi k^ dgt duge sy trudng thdnh v l mgt ca thi, qud trinh phdt triln vl the chat da hoan thdnh ve can ban, cac co quan, cdc bg phgn eua co the cung nhu cdc chiic ndng ciia nd ddn dan trd nen cdn doi, hodn thi?n Td diyc t l tren, vi?c tim nh&ng dge diem mang tinh quy lugt ve sy phat trien tam vde, thi lyc va sinh If dua nh&ng phuong phap khoa hgc vl cdch sing, hgc tgp, ren luy^n nhdm giup CO thi cdc em phdt triln toan di?n hon D I hilu rS vl sy phdt triln vl thi chat va sinh ly cua hgc sinh THPT, chiing tdi tiln hanh nghien cdu mgt so chi tieu ve hinh thdi va sinh ly ciia hge sinh khii THPT d huy?n Cao Ldnh, tinh Ddng T h ^ Thdi gian, dja diem vd phuong phdp nghien clhi Tiln hanh nghien cdu tren 358 hge sinh tu Idp 10 din Idp 12 thugc trudng THPT Cao Ldnh va THPT Thing Linh, huy?n Cao Lanh, tinh Dong Thap Trong do, cd 126 hgc sinh Idp 10 (16 tuoi), 120 hgc sinh lop II (17tuli), 112 hpc sinh Idp 12 (18 tuoi) TTidi gian idy mau vao thdng ba vd thdng tu cua ndm 2011 va 2012 Cde ehi tieu nghien edu gdm chieu cao diing, khoi lugng co thi, nhip tim, huylt dp eua hpc sinh Phuong phdp idy mdu cy thi nhu sau: Chieu eao dugc td gdt chan sat mgt dat den dinh dau Hgc sinh phdi ddng tu thi nghiem tren nen phdng, hai gdt chan ehgm vao nhau, hai tay budng thdng, ban tay dp vdo mdt ngoai diil Ddu phdi d tu the cho bd dudi xuong ham dudi hodc dudng noi l5 tai ngoai vdi mdt tren m^t dudng thdng ndm ngang, mdt nhin thdng ding thdi de cho diem: chdm, lung, mdng, va gdt chgm vao thudc Sd dyng thudc ed chia vgch so tdi mm de chieu cao cda hge sinh, don vj tinh la centimet (cm) Can khdi lugng co thi bdng can dong h i ed dp chinh xdc den 0,1kg, dan vj tinh trpng lugng co the la kilogam (kg) Su dyng mdy huyet dp, nhjp tim dl xdc djnh h? so huyet dp, nhjp tim Ket qua nghien eiru 3.1 Chilu cao cua hgc sinh khoi THPT, huy^n Cao Ldnh, tinh Dong Thdp Ket qua v l chieu cao cua hpc sinh dugc the hi?n qua bang nhu sau: Nhgn xet: Tu tuli 16 den tuli 18, chieu cao cua hpe sinh nam vd hgc sinh n& tilp tyc tdng din Chieu cao cua hpc sinh nam tuoi 16 - 17 tdng rd r?t td 163,4 ± 6,2cm tdi 167,0 ± 5,9cm vdi toe dg TAP CHf THI^BIGlAO Dgc-S6101-1/2014 • 25 NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG Tuoi 16 17 18 Nam Nil X -X^ n Muc tdng n Mirc tdng X±SD X±SD nam na 154,5 ±6,8 7,9 66 60 163,4 ±6,2 2,9 157,4 ±6,2 9,6 62 58 167,0 ±5,9 4,6 0,3 157,7 ±5,3 9,5 56 167,2 ±4,4 0,2 56 Tdng trung binh Tdng trung binh 2,4 1,6 Bdng I Chiiu cao cua hgc sinh khdi THPT, huy^n Cao Ldnh 4,6eni/nam va ehieu cao eua hgc sinh n& tdng td vd 53,48kg ldc 17 tuoi Ign tdi 54,07kg luc 18 154,5 ± 6,8cm tdi 157,4 ± 6,2cm vdi toe dp 2,9cm/ tuli, mdc tdng la 0,6kg ndm Din tuoi 17 - 18 thi chilu cao tdng chgm hon, Khdng giong nhu hgc sinh nam, khii lugng doi vdi nam Id 167,0 ± 5,9cm tdi 167,2 ± 4,4cm CO thi cda hgc sinh nii khdng tdng theo tuli vdi toe dg 0,2cm/nam vd doi vdi nd Id 157,4 ± Khoi lugng co the hgc sinh luc 16 tuli la 43,6 6,2cm tdi 157,7 ± 5,3em vdi toe dg 0,3cni/nam ± 5,5kg tang len 45,0 ± 5,9kg d tuli 17, mdc Nhu vgy, toe dO tdng ehilu cao theo Ida tang la 1,4kg Nhung den tuoi 17 -18 thi gidm tii tuli eda ede em hge sinh la khdng diu Doi vdi 45,0 + 5,9kg xuong edn 42,1 ± 3,3kg, mdc gidm nam, ehilu cao binh qudn m3i ndm tdng 2,4cm, la 2,9kp Nhu vgy, d dg tuli 16 den 18 thi mdc d nft tdng [,6cm Mdt khdc, ciing mOt dO gidm hdng ndm cua nu la 0,8kg tuoi nhung chidu cao eua cdc em hgc sinh nam Trong cdng mOt dO tuli, khii lugng ca the thudng cao hon ehieu cao cua cae em hgc sinh cua hge sinh nam cao hon khoi lugng eothe ciia nft, ey thi d tuoi 16, nam eao hon n& 7,9em d hgc smh n&, ey thi Id d tuoi 16, nam ngng hon tuoi 17, nam cao hon n& 9,6cm () tuoi 18, nam n& 0,8kg; d tuoi 17, nam ngng hon nft 8,4kg; d cao han n& 9,5cm tuoi 18, nam ngng hon n& 11,9kg 3.2 Khii lugng ciia hgc sinh khii THPT 3.3 Nhjp tim ciia hgc sinh khii THPT, huyf n Cao Ldnh, tinh Ding Th^p huyfn Cao Ldnh, tinh Ding Thdp Khoi lugng co thi cda hgc sinh dugc thi Nhjp tim eda hge sinh dugc the hi?n qua hi?n qua bdng nhu sau: bdng nhu sau: Nhgn xet: Doi vdi hgc smh nam, khoi Nhgn xet: Dii vdi nam, nhjp tim tdng 0,1 lugng CO the tdng dan theo tuoi Khii lugng idn/phdt d Ida tuli 16 -17 vd gidm 2,1 idn/phiit eo thi hgc sinh tuli 16 Id 44,4 ± 6,9kg din tuli dldatuli 17- 18 Nhu vgy, binh qudn moi ndm 17 Id 53,4 + 8,0kg vd tuli 18 Id 54,0 ± 7,7kg nhjp tim gidm 1,0 idn/phdt Dii vdi nft, nhjp tim Binh qudn moi ndm khoi lugng co the tdng tdng 5,4 idn/phdt d Ida hili 16 -17 vd gidm 3,8 4,8kg Ciing nhu chieu eao thi khoi lugng co idn/phdt d Ida tuoi 17 - 18 Nhu vgy, bmh quan the d cdc Ida tuli tdng khdng ding diu Khoi moi ndm nhjp tim tdng 0,8 idn/phdt Trong cung lugng CO the tdng tu 44,4 ± 6,9kg luc 16 tuoi mgt dg tuli nhung van cd sy chenh !?ch ve nhip len tdi 53,48kg luc 17 tuoi, muc tdng Id 9,0kg tim gifta nam vd n& Nam NOx,„-x„ Mite chSnh I^ch n X±SD Mi^c chenh Ifch X±SD 60 43,6 ±5,5 16 66 44,4 ±6,9 0,8 , 52 45,0 ±5,9 17 62 53,4 ±8,0 9,0 8,4 1,4 56 42,1 ±3,3 18 56 54,0 ±7,7 0,6 -2,9 11,9 4,8 Tdng trung binh Gidm trung binh -0,8 Bdng Khoi lupng cua htic sinh khoi THPT, huyfn Cao Lanh Tuoi n • TAP CHt THifr BI GlAO 0{)C-S6101 -1/2014 NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG Nil Nam X^-X„, Muc chdnh l?ch n Muc chenh lech X±SD X±SD 58 82,0 ±11,5 -2,0 16 66 80,0 ±11,9 5,4 -7,3 17 62 80,1 ±9,3 58 87,4±11,1 0,1 52 83,6 ±13,1 -3,8 -5,6 -2,1 18 56 78,0 ± 12,5 Gidm trung binh -1,0 Tdng trung binh 0,8 Bdng Nhip tim cda hoc sinh IchSi THPT, huyen Cao Lanh Nil Nam Tu6i x ^ - x„ n Mirc chgnh l^ch Mirc chenh l$ch n X±SD X±SD 55 107,4±11,5 1,7 16 64 109,1 ± 9,8 9,6 17 60 118,2 ±9,0 9,1 58 108,6+8,1 1,2 122,0 ± 18 54 18,4 3,8 50 103,6±11,2 -5,0 12,1 6,5 Tdng trung binh Gidm trung binh -1,9 Bdng Huyet dp tdm thu ciia hgc sinh khdi THPT, huy$n Cao Ldnh Nam Nil Tu6i x^-x„ n Miic chSnh I^ch n Miirc chanh l^ch X±SD X±SD 16 64 69,3 ± 6,7 67,6 ±8,3 60 1,7 17 62 74,3 ± 5,6 5,0 54 68,5 ± 7,2 0,9 5,8 18 52 74.1 ±8.7 -0,2 50 66,6 ±7,8 7,5 -1,0 Gidm trung binh 2,4 Tdng trung bhih -0,1 Bdng HttySt dp tdm truang cua hQC sinh Midi THPT, huyen Cao Ldnh 3.4 Huylt dp tdm thu ciia hgc sinh Idi6i 3.5 Huylt dp tdm tnnnig ciia hgc sinh THPT, huy^n Cao Linh, tinh B6ng Thdp THPT, huyf n Cao Ldnh, tinh Song Thdp Huylt dp tdm thu thay d6i theo liia tuoi, gidi Huyet dp tam trucmg cila hijc sinh dugc thi tinh, dieu lci$n moi truong song, che d$ dinh hi^n qua bdng nhu sau: duQng, trgng thdi tdm ly cua timg cd thi Ket Doi v6i nam, huyet dp tam truong tdng qud nghien cim huylt dp tdm thu dug^c thi hifn 5,0mmHg liia tuoi 16 - 17 va gidm 0,2minHg qua bdng Kia tuoi 17-18 Nhu vgy, bmh qudn m5i ndm Doi vdi nam, huylt dp tdm thu tdng huyet dp tdm truong tdng 2,4mmHg Dii V(5i nil, 9,lmmHg6liratu6i 16-17 vatdng3,8mmHg huylt dp tdm truong tdng 0,9mmHg lira tuoi 16 * Ilia tuli 17 - 18 Nhu vdy, binh quan mSi - 17 va giam 1,0 mmHg d lira tuli 17 - 18 Nhu ndm huylt dp tdm thu tdng 6,5mmHg Doi vai vay, binh qudn moi ndm huyet dp tam truong giam nO, huylt dp tam thu tdng 1,2mmHg d lira tuoi O.lmmHg Mdc du cimg m^t dp tuoi nhimg huylt 16 - 17 va gidm 5,0mmHg lira tuoi 17-18 dp tdm truong se Idiong giong giiia nam vd Nhu v^y, binh qudn moi ndm huylt dp tdm nCl Huyet dp tdm truang cua nam luon cao han thu gidm l,9mniHg M|ic dii cimg mOt d§ tuoi nil (3 tuoi 16, huylt dp tam trucmg cua nam cao nhung huyet dp tdm thu sS khong giong han nft l,7mmHg.(!) tudi 17,huyetdptamtniang giOa nam vd nil, d d$ tuoi 16 - 18 thi huyet dp cua nam cao hon nil 5,8mmHg d tuoi 18, huyet tam thu cua nam ludn cao han huylt dp tdm dp tam truong cua nam cao han nil 7,5nimHg thu ciia nft (Xem tiip trang 30) Tu6i n TAP CHl THlfTBIGlAO DUC-sd 101-1/2014 • 11 NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG bdn tu md gido vien dd chudn hi sdn hodc I ban tu md cac em vua thiet ke vd cd Idp dd chinh sda Qua vi dy tren, gido vien sd dyng bdn tu dl triln khai ngi dung phdn bai hge mdi, ddng thdi su dyng bdn tu vda lgp de edng cl kiln thdc cho hge smh Dilu giup hgc sinh ndm duge kiln thde vd ghi nhd ngi dung ciia chiin djch tgi Idp Mdt khdc, dudd sy tl chdc vd hudng dan ciia gido vien, hpc sinh ty xdy dyng, hodn thi^n ban tu gdp phan phdt huy tinh tich eye, chd dgng, sdng tgo eda hgc sinh Vi^c kit hgp ddng bdn sdch gido khoa, bdn tu ljch sd, trinh bdy rd ngi dung bai hgc, khdng chi td mau sde, dudng nettr€n ban do, cua sy ki|n lich sd md chinh la ngi dung cua bdn do, so phu hgp vdi nOi dung m6n hpc, thu hut sy chd