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NGHIEN cUu & UNG DUNG MAY VI TINH CONG CU H 6 TRO OAC Ll/C CHO PHI/ONG PHAP MO HINH TRONG DAY HOC VAT LY D 3 Khoa Thuy Nga 1 TSng quan ve phutfng ph^p md hinh trong day hgc v^tly Ca sd ciia Phuofng ph[.]
NGHIEN cUu & UNG DUNG MAY VI TINH - CONG CU H TRO OAC Ll/C CHO PHI/ONG PHAP MO HINH TRONG DAY HOC VAT LY D Khoa Thuy Nga Dgi hgc Hue TSng quan ve phutfng ph^p md hinh day hgc v^tly Ca sd ciia Phuofng phdp mo hinh (PPMH) Id ly thuyet tucmg ty PPMH cd bon giai doan ca bdn nhu sa dd cau tnic ihinh I) Giai dogn 1: Nghien ciiu nhung tinh chat ciia ddi tupfng goc hay cdn goi Id tap hpp cdc su kifn ban dau lam co sd de xdy dyng mo hinh Giai doan ndy dupc thyc hifn dya tten quan sdt thyc nghifm Giai dogn 2: Xay dyng md hinh Day Id giai doan md tri tudng tupng va tu true gidc ddng vai ttd quan ttpng Nhd tri tudng tuong va tu tryc giac ma ta co the loai bd nhirng tinh chat thir yeu ciia doi tirgmg nghien cihi va thay the ddi tuang nghien ciiu bang mdt md hinh chi mang nhiing tinh chat va cac mdi quan he chu yeu ma ta can quan tam Day la giai doan khd khan, ke ca ddi vdi cac nha khoa hpc Idn vi hau nhu khdng the dimg tu Idgic Do do, neu sir dyng PPMH day hpc thi GV thudng gap nhieu khd khan vifc hudng dan HS thyc hien giai doan ndy Giai dogn 3: Thao tac tten md hinh suy he qud ly thuyet Thao tac tren mo hinh thuc chat la thyc hifn cac thi nghiem hidng txtgng tten md hinh, nghia la phan tich dnh hydng cua cac yeu to tac ddng len md hinh, thay ddi cac yeu td va ap dyng cac phep tinh hoac nhimg phep phan tich c PP th^c nghicm cdc PP logic toin PP thyc nghifm, quan sit, so sanh Doi tircmg cua nhan thiic Rm~ Hinh ! Sa dd cau trdc cua PPMH Idgic cdc tin hieu de thu dupc cdn neu khdng phii hpp thi can cac ket qua mdi Qua trinh phai dieu chinh lai md hinh, chi dien ttong suy nght cua tham chi phai bdc bd toan bg ngudi nghien ciiu Cac ket qua md hinh vd xay dyng lai thu dupc giai doan Sur dyng may vi tinh chi la cdc ket luan logic chu (MVT) trons giai doan quan, dd can ttd ve kiern nghien cihi doi tu^ng goc nghifm tten ddi tupfng goc de MVT vdi chuc nang la xem cd phu hop khdng Day phuong tifn truyen thdng da cung la mpt giai doan khd khan phuong tifn la mdt cdng cu su dung PPMH ttong day hd tta dac luc cho viec nghien hpc De thyc hifn dup'c giai Cliu ddi tui?ng goc \^fc cho doan nay, HS phdi cd nang lyc HS quan sat, lang nghe mot tu logic va cd tri tudng cdch cd chil dich cac hien tupng tot Ddi vdi HS, ma tuong dien ttong thyc te se viec thyc hifn thi nghiem thyc giup cac em de rut cdc tinh va ghi lai cdc ket qua quan sat chat cua ddi tupng goc hon dupc van cdn la m^t viec lam nhieu so vdi vifc ddi hdi cac khd khan thi viec thyc hifn cac em hinh dung cdc hien tuong thi nghifm tydng tupfng - toan Mpt sd hifn tugng, thi nghiem bp thi nghifm dien bang tu ma thdi gian dien qua nhanh logic dc - la hau nhy hay qua cham, dieu kifn tien khong the h^ih qua phiic t^ip hoac kho Giai dogn 4: Thyc nghiem cong, kho quan sat kiem tta Ddy Id giai doan hpp Cling cd the de dang trinh thiic hda md hinh Cac ket qua chieu bdng MVT, giiip HS dl 'As'^ ^ut du(?c d giai doan quan sat han Vi dy: HS hoc vd sdng deu phai dupc dua ve dp dyng tten doi tugng gde Neu thyc am, chiing ta cd the dung MVT nghifm tten ddi tupng goc de trinh chieu cac d o ^ phim phu hpfp vdi ket qud ly thuyet cho thay phdt am, mdng thi md hlnh dupc xdc nhan, loa, m^t ttdng, day dan deu bi Ngay nhan bat 20/01/2013: Ngay duy4l dang 25/01/2013 12 Nhan thtic ve doi tugng :t qud nghi NghiCn cihl Ircn MH Thuyet (mo hinh h o ^ chlnh) * TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DMC-SO 91-03/2013 NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG rung Dieu nay, ttong quan sdt thudng HS cd the bd qua ngn khdng thay duqc sy phat am cd lien quan den sy dao d$ng Neu thay dupc moi quan hf giua dao dpng vd sy phdt am thi HS se cd co sd dd xay dyng md hinh qud trinh truyen dm Id qud trinh lan truyen ciia sdng ca hpc Su dyng MVT giai doan xay dyng mo hinh O giai doan nay, true gidc vd tu sdng tao ddng vai ttd quan ttpng Tuy nhien, MVT cd the giiip chiing ta xay dung cac md hinh ma HS hoac GV de xudt nham tryc quan hda cac md hinh bieu tupng Viec lam ndy cd the giiip cho HS nhan thay duoc cdc thieu sdt hoac sai Idtn ttong md hinh ciia minh (neu cd) va cung de ddng hoan chinh md hinh han ttong qud trinh hpc tap Vi dy: Sau cung HS xdy dung xong md hinh ly tudng, GV cd the cho HS xem md hinh ly tudng dupc xay dyng tten MVT Dieu ndy giiip cho HS nhin thay mpt cdch tryc quan md hinh bieu tupng md minh nghT ttong dc va se co nhiing dieu chinh thich hop neu can Nhin thay hinh anh md hinh bieu tupng m9t cdch true quan cdn cd thd giiip HS xay dung cac y tudng can thiet de lam vifc vdi md hinh suy cdc hf qud ly thuyet Nhin vao md hinh ly tudng d ben, HS cd the de xuat cdc y tudng nen hoac dan the tich cua khdi ly tudng de quan sat su thay ddi cua sd ldn va cham giua cac phan tu vdi va giiia cdc phan tu vdi bmh Di^u ndy la ca sd dk kdt ludn ve sy thay ddi ciia dp sudt ly tudng sau ndy Su- dyng MVT giai doan thao tdc tr@n md hinh suy hf qua ly thuyet ^ Day Id giai doan ma MVT hd ttp dac lyc nhat cho phuang phdp md hinh Thdng thudng thi thi nghiem tudng tupng la cdc thi nghifm dien ttong dc ngudi nghien_ ciru Day la khd khan ldn nhat ddi vdi HS vd GV Ddi vdi HS, vifc tudng tupfng va sir dyng cac thao tdc chi bang tri dc la rdt khd khd thi vd de mac sai lam Ddi vdi GV, rat khd de dinh hudng tu cho HS ttong giai doan ndy vd khd kiem sodt qud trinh ldm vifc cua HS Tuy nhien^ neu sir dyng MVT thi ta cd the xdy dyng cdc md hinh vd thuc hien cdc thi nghiem tten Sir dyng thi nghiem tten MVT, HS cd the quan sat dupc mdt each tryc quan md hinh ma minh xay dyng ciing idiu cd the tien hdnh cdc thay ddi, cdc tdc dpng bd sung len md hinh de thu dupc cdc ket qua ly thuyet Nhd cd may tinh, neu HS dua nhirng tac ddng len md hinh thi se thu duoc cdc ket qua tuang iing Ttr dd, HS cd the rut dupc cdc he qud ly thuyet thdng qua viec lam viec vdi md hinh Ddng thdi GV cung cd the quan sdt hoat dpng cua HS de kip thdi dya nhiing gpi y, giiip dd neu HS mac sai Iam ho^c khdng the tiep tuc 31.11,1 SoiMlcAlhi Vi dy: Khi hpc ve hifn tupng cdm ling dien tir, sau xay dyng dupc khdi nifm tir thdng, va hifn tupng cam iing difn tir, vdn de dat Id phai xdc dinh dupc mdi quan he giiia chidu cua ddng difn cam iing vd sy thay ddi tir thdng qua mach kin Ndu chi dua vao quan sdt cdc thi nghifm thyc va yeu cdu HS dung cdc thao tac tu Idgic de lam thi nghifm tudng tuong ttong dc de suy mdi quan hf ndy thi chac chan se gap nhieu khd khan, tham chi la khdng the thuc hien dupc Tuy nhien neu chiing ta cho HS sii dung mdt thi nghiem md phdng de HS cd the Idrn viec true tiep tten md hinh de tim hf qua ly thuyet can thiet thi mpi viec settdnen de thyc hien ban nhieu Thi nghiem md phdng cd Ipi the Id HS vira quan sdt duoc chieu ddng dien cam iing vira quan sat dupc su thay ddi tir thdng qua mach (dya vao sd dudng cdm ung tu di qua mat cat cua mdi thi nghiem) va cdn quan sat dupc chieu cua vecta cam ling tir cam ung xuat hien tton^ timg trudng hop hinh 1, nam cham di vdo Idng dng ddy, tir thdng tang thi ddng dien cam ling xudt hien cd chieu nhu tten md hinh vd vecta cam ling tir^ cam iing ciing dupc bieu dien O hinh 2, nam cham di khdi dng day, tir thdng giam thi dong dien cam img va vecta cam ung tir cdm iing da ddi chieu Ngoai ra, HS cd the tien hdnh cac thi nghiem khdc rihu thi nghifm thay ddi cudng dp ddng difn qua mach va quan sdt chieu cua dong dien cam TAP CHi THIFT BI GIAO DUC-SO 91-03/2013 - I S NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG iing va vecto cdm iing tilr cdm ung (hinh 3, hinh 4, hinh 5) Tii cdc quan sdt tten, HS hodn todn co the dua hf qua ly thuyet Id vecta cam img tir cdm iing se ciing chieu vdi vecta cdm img tir gdy hifn tu