HUONG DAN QUAN LISU DUNG Hi/dMG DAM OM TAP MGO PHAP Titm ANH voi su H 6 TRd COA BAM D 6 TI/ DUY (MIMD MAPPING) 1 Khii niSm chii dgng tryc tiep tham gia Theo tir dien Oxford, ngtt vio qui trinh thiet k[.]
HUONG DAN QUAN LISU DUNG Hi/dMG DAM OM TAP MGO PHAP Titm ANH voi su H TRd COA BAM D TI/ DUY (MIMD-MAPPING) Khii niSm Theo tir dien Oxford, ngtt phip (NP) la mdt cich tiiuc tiong cic tu dugc lien ket vdi de tgo rien m^t cau diing NP rat can thiet tiong vipc xiy dyng nhiing ciu chuin muc neu chiing ta mudn tgo nhimg cym tir hay vi mang y nghia Chinh vi le dd nen NP ddng vai tid quan tipng ngdn ngii ndi chung vi tieng Anh ndi rieng Ghi rjid vi biet each van dyng NPtiongcic tinh hudng li mgt dieu tuyet vdi nhung khdng phii ngudi hgc nio cung lim dugc nhu viy Cd y kien cho rang cic van de cd tinh lien ket se de nhd ban li cac chi tiet rdi rac Theo cic nha khoa hgc, nhin thiic cua ngudi ciing ludn ty phan tich tinh tuang quan ciia cac sy viec, va dd nao bd se hinh nen mdt biic tianh toan canh de tugng trung hoi sy viec dd Nao bd boat ddn^ hiu het dya vio nguyen tic ket hgp cac van de va thudng cd xu hudng ket ndi cac chu the rieng biet thinh mdt he thdng Trong thyc te, hiu het ngudi deu cd nang thien bam la nhd nhiing gi lien quan d§n hinh inh, im vi mau sac Mgt hinh anh tryc quan sinh ddng Vi dy nhu tianh ve hay so vdi miu sac phong phii se cd hipu qui vd cimg ddi vdi sy gbi nhd cua nao bp chiing ta Hon nua, vipc ngudi hgc chii dgng tryc tiep tham gia vio qui trinh thiet ke tai lieu dn tgp NP chu ddng tilp thu cung hipu qui hon nhieu so vdi vipc chi dan thuin li doc Iai nhiing gi da dugc cung cap trudc dd Cimg chung vdi quan diem niy, tic gii Gaims and Redman (1991) va Harmer (2001) cho rang ngudi hpc se nhd tdt ban neu chinh hp dugc thyc nghiem vdi nhiing gi minh da va dang dugc hgc, cung gidng nhu phuang cham cua nganh giao dye tiong thdi dai mdi " nghe li quen, nhin la nhd, lam la hieu" Vi li dd nen GV cin tao cho ngudi hgc CO hgi, cung cap cho hp chien lugc ty tim tdi, kham phi, phit hien, luyen tap, khai thac vi xir li thdng tin, ty hinh tri thirc cua bin than vi sin sing chia se nhiing tii thiic Thdng qua qui tiinh tu khim pha vi img dyng dd, ciing vdi sy chia se giiia cac ban hgc, njgudi hgc ngiy cang nhd vi hieu van de ciia minh ban, cd the ung dyng linh boat hon tiong hpc tip vi tiong thyc tien Phuong phap tu on tip, cung co vdi BDTD 2.1 Phuang phdp 5DTD la gi? Theo tic gii Buzan thi BDTD li mdt md hinh td chiic cua cic hinh inh dugc gidi thieu nhu la mpt each hgc theo din y ddi vdi ngudi hgc (Buzan, 1993) Cdn theo Wikipedia, BDTD (hay giin ThS Phgm Thj Thanh Binh Hpc vien Ngdn hdng y) li phuang phip dugc dua nhu la mgt phuong tipn manh de tin dyng nang ghi nhin hinh inh ciia bg nao Day la cich de ghi nhd chi tiet, de tdng hgp, hay de phan tich mdt vin de mdt dang ciia lugc dd phan nhinh Khic vdi miy tinh, ngoii kha nang ghi nhd kieu tuyen tinh (ghi nho theo I trinh ty nhit dinh chang hgn nhu trinh ty bien cd xuat hien cua I ciu chuyen) thi nao bd cdn cd kha nang lien lgc, lien he cic dii kien vdi Phuang phap khai thac ca hai kha nang niy cua bd nao Cd le nhieu ngudi Viet da biet den phuang phap nhung nd chua bao gid dugc he thdng hoa vi dugc nghien ciru kT ludng va bien chinh thiic nudc mi chi dugc diing tin man gidi HS, SV trudc cac mua thi Diy Ii mdt kT thuat de nang cao ky nang ghi chep va ghi nhd Bang each dung ^ian y, tdng the ciia van de dugc chi dudi dang mgt hinh cac ddi tugng lien he vdi bang cac dudng ndi Vdi each thiic dd, cac du lieu dugc ghi nhd, nhin nhin de dang vi nhanh chdng ban Thay vi dung chii viet de mieu ti mdt chieu, BDTD bieu thi toan bd cau true chi tiet cua mdt ddi tugng bang hinh anh hai chieu Nd chi dang thiic cua ddi tugng, sy quan he tuang ho giiia cic khai niem Ngdy nhgn bdi 28/02/2013; Ngdy duyft dang 25/03/2013 TAP CHt THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 92-04/2013 • HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG (hay ^) c6 lien quan va c4ch lien h? giua chung vdi ben cua mdt vin d j ldn (Hinh minh hog 1) thilc efl v4 mdi; tSng cudng khd nSng ghi nhd thdng qua h? thong hinh dnh, mdu sdc vd cdc tir khod; tdn dung dugrc cd '#—H;^ Hinh 1: Mind map of "7 ways to improve your grammar" (Sources: http://www.biggerplate.com) 2.2 Sir dung BDTD hudng ddn on tdp NP Tieng Anh Trong nghien ciiu "Instructional systems program", tic gii Mc Griff ciing da chi ring chien lugc BDTD dugc xem nhu l i cong cu hull hieu giiip SV vugt qua nhiing khd khan viec td chiic v i luu giii suy nghT, y tudng ciia minh Nhu da dugc de cap d tien rang SV rat kem vipc ghi nhd cic diem NP da dugc hpc vi the BDTD cd the dugc sii dyng de giiip ngudi hpc phan tich va td chirc lai nhiing kien thiic hg da biet hoac hg dang dugc hgc (Jonassen, 1998) Phuang phip BDTD, mac dii rat don gian nhung lai rat hihi ich tiong viec ning cao ning lyc sang tgo, dat ke hogch v i giai quyet vin de cua ngudi hgc Nd cd the giiip ngudi hpc: Huy ddng dugc nhieu y tudng tigng mdt thdi gian ngan; tao c i c mdi lien he giiia kien hai ban ciu nao giup cho vipc ghi nhd de ding v i mgch lgc hon Viec img dyng BDTD de giing dgy va hgc tip rit d l Id chiic thyc hipn d mgi luc, mgi noio GV cd the cho SV su dung mpi vat lieu, chit lieu nhu phan, giiy, but chi, biit mau v.v de khai thac bai hgc, bai lim ciia minh theo md hinh nay, tham chi cac em cd the sii dyiig c i c hinh inh tu ve, ty suu tam, cic chit lieu tiong ti; nhien, c i c tu lipu mdi tim kiem d u g c d e trinh bay, trang tri tien sin phim hgc tap ciia minh mgt cich kheo leo, hap dan phii h^p vdi ndi dung bai hgc v i the hipn tinh nang dpng, sang tao ciia tudi tre Nhiirig em vimg ve CNTT thi cd the ve bang phan mem iMindmap hoac PowerPoint 2.3 Dexudt cdch thuc thifC hien Khi bat dau vao mgt hgc phan mdi, theo phin thdi gian ciia chuang trinh thudng cd • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 92 - 04/2013 mgt hogc hai tiet hgc dau tiSn dugc dinh cho GV v i SV lim quen, gidi thipu chuong tiinh v i npi dung hgc phan, cich thirc kilm tia dinh gii, thang diem chuyen can, diem qua trinh v i d i l m hpc phin Liic niy GV nen dinh thdi gian dl gidi thipu v i hudng din SV phuong thuc ty dn tip thdng qua phuang phip BDTD Dieu n i y giup cic em phan nao hinh dung cong vipc phii lim tiong ky hgc de tii cd y thiic hon vdi vipc ty hpc ciia bin than Cich thiic thyc hipn cd the thyc hipn theo cic budc sau: Bu&c 1: Giiip SV lipt ke cac diem NP da hpc d chuong trinh phd thdng v i hipn dang gap lgi tiong chuang trinh giio due chuyen nghipp vao giua trang giay A4 Bu&c 2: Gidi hgn mpt diem NP tien mdi so Giup SV lya chgn die diem tir de den khd v i gom Igi tgo flianh mdt din y chung Vi du nhu din y ve diem NP ciia each thirc dien dgt tuong Iai nhu hinh dudi (Hinh 2).^ Bu&c 3: Yeu ciu SV van dung tri nao de lya chgn each the hipn diing v i sai theo cau GV cung cip tien bing Vi du GV cho ciu: He is going to have a test tomorrow/ He will have a test tomorrow Bu&c 4: Dat ciu hdi vdi moi ciu da cho Tgo ciu hoi chinh xac vdi tii khoi de giup SV ggi nhd Igi quy tic NP da hgc Vi dy: Viit cau hoi: Chimg ta cd thi thay thi "is going to have vdi will have" tiong hai ciu khdng? Bu&c 5: Hudng din SV tri Idi nhiing ciu hdi niy dya vio HUONG DAN QUAN LI SUDUNG II cic quy tac NP chuin myc Vi dy, n l u SV tiri Idi Cd, thi hay ve mgt dudng n6i vao quy t i c dung tiong phin BDTD Bu&c 6: H o i n thinh BDTD vdi it nhat vi dy v l dilm NP tuang ty (Hinh 2) K i t lu$n Trong b i i b i o toi da nghien ciiu khii niem, Igi ich ciia phuang p h i p BDTD ddi vdi vipc ty cung cd, dn tap NP cua SV BDTD thyc t6 da dugc GV nhieu bd Hinh 2: Mind map " The Future Forms" mdn ap dyng tiong giing dgy Sources: http://www.grammarmindmaps.com/wp-contenf tich cyc tgi trudng va da thu upIoads/2012/1 l/Mind_Map_Future_Tense-1 jpg dugc nhieu ket q u i k h i quan Vdi vipc su dyng phuang McGriff, S Instructional English level, most of them phap BDTD hieu q u i ghi systems program Sennsylvania have a common difficulty in nhd se tang len bit ngd Va State University, 62(2), 8-25 memorizing and applying ngudi hgc da thinh thao 2007, May English grammar in learning vdi phuang p h i p n i y thi d i m Nguyen Trgng Ly and in the real situation bao rang nen mdng NP ciia Phuang phdp gidng dgy ngU Many learners who had been SV se cing virng chac, qua phdp tieng Anh theo chudn leamt English grammar in se giup ich cho viec hgc Toeic hieu qud Retrieved Dec cac ky nang ngdn ngii khic 24, 2012 from tiie web: http:// the primary and high schools nhu nghe, ndi, viet v i dgc wwvuntu.edu vn/ /nguyen%20 not have the habit of systematically recording their Han nua, SV cd the i p dyng tiong%20Iy%201.doc h t t p : / / w w w English knowledge, and they so dd tu v i o r i t nhilu ilnh vyc khic hgc tap g r a m m a r m i n d m a p s c o m / not know how to effectively wp-content/upIoads/2012/11/ apply and revise them, so it va cugc sdng, giup ngudi Mmd_M^_Future_Tense-1 jpg is easy for them to forget all hgc chiem ITnh v i ghi nhd tri http://www.biggerplate when they approach new ones thiic chu dgng, sing tao v i com Meanwhile, their English cd hp thdng hon http ://www wikipedia teachers not focus sufficient org/wiki/Ban_d6_tu_duy attention on providing them Tai lipu tham khao Summary Buzan, T The mind map In the pace of globalization strategies to review the book London: BBC Books nowadays, the important previous knowledge as the 1993 role of English is impressed learners are supposed to fulfill Gaims, R., and Redman, and Enghsh has been all grammar points at home S Working with words chosen as one of the basic This paper aims to intioduce C^nbridge University Press compulsory subjects in many the mind-mapping stiategy Heinem^m 1991 colleges and universities with the hope that students Harmer, J The practice Vietnamese students, in spite can get much benefit in their of English Language teaching of having dififerent regional London: Longman 2001 characteristics as well as their English grammar TAP CHI T^IETBI GIAO DUC-SO 92-04/2013 • 3