Nghien curu - Trao doi T a p c h i C p n g scin XAY DUNG VA PHAT TRIEN NGHE CONG TAC XA HOI CHUYEN NGHllP OiNUbCTA DAM HUU DAC Cdng tdc xd hdi dd chiing minh dugc tinh cdn thiet cua minh viec gdp phdn gidi quyet cdc vdn de ngudi vd xd hgi Mat khde, nguyen ly, gid tri, cdc nguyen tdc vd phuong phdp cua cdng tdc xd hgi dang ngdy cdng duffc chap nhan nhieu khia cqnh cua cdng tdc phdt trien Chdt lugng vd miic ddo tqo nhdn vien cdng tdc xd hdi dang ngdy cdng phdt trien Phdt trien ngdnh cdng tdc xd hgi theo hudng chuyen nghiep Id ddi hdi khdch quan cua cdng cugc ddi mdi ddt nudc Cong tac xa hoi thiic day xay dung mot xa hoi hai hoa va hanh phiic cho tat ca moi ngum Sau 25 nam thuc Men cdng cupc doi mdi, Viet Nam da cd nhirng thay ddi tich cue va quan ttpng tten nMeu Iinh vyc Nen kinh te xa hpi dang phat trien theo hudng cong ngMep hda Men dai boa Muc sdng cua nhan dan cang dugc nang cao Quan dilm xuyen suot cua Dang va Nha nudc ta la tang tnrdng kinh te phai tien hanh ddng thdi vdi tien bp va cdng bang xa hpi Song song vdi tang trudng kinh te phai tap tmng cho giam ngheo, ttg giiip cac ddi tugng yem the He thdng Mat phap, cMnh sach ve an sinh xa hpi da dugc Mnh va tiing budc hoan tMen Tinh tu nam 1989 din nay, da co tren 10 bd Mat, Mat; phap lenh va nMeu nghi dinh, quyet dinh, cM thi, thong tu va cac van ban cM dao khac true tiep hoac co npi dung quy dinh khung S6 821 (thang nam 2011) phap ly, cMnh sach xa hdi d Viet Nam; trg giup cac ddi tugng, gdp phan dn dinh xa hpi Cac cMnh sach cang toan dien ban, bao trum cac nhu cau co ban cua ddi tugng: ve nudi dudng, giao due, cham soc siic khoe, phue hoi chuc nang, hudng ngMep, day nghe Doi tugng trg giup timg budc dugc md rgng, muc ttg cap cang cao ban, co hpi tiep can dich \ai xa hpi ca ban cang tdt ban Dac biet cac cMnh sach mdi cang mang tinh bpi nhap, phat buy truyen thdng van hda, nhan van cua dan tdc va mang tinh xa hdi hda, khdng y Iai vao Nha nudc He thdng td chuc bd may va dpi ngii nhan vien lam cdng tac xa hpi ttong linh \arc an sinh xa hpi cang dugc md rdng Dd la nhiing ngudi lam viec cac linh vyc cham soc va bao ve tre em, trg giup ngudi khuyet tat, ttg giup cac ca nhan = TS nguyen Thii truomg Bo Lao dpng - Thirong binli va Xa hoi Nghien cuu - Trao ddi gia dinh tan vd, phdng chdng te nan ma tiiy, mai dam, cham soc benh nhan tam than, cham sde - trg giiip ngudi nhiem va anh hudng bdi HIV/AIDS, giam ngheo va trg giiip ngudi gia; Chuang trinh dao tao bac cii nhan cdng tac xa hdi cdng dang dugc bat dau d khoang 30 tradng dai bgc Tuy nhien, nhiing van de xa bgi biic xuc nhu: tinh trang ddi ngheo, te nan ma tuy, dai dich HIV/AIDS, gia dinh tan vd, tre em bi nhang va hi xam hai khdng cd chieu hudng giam; td chuc thuc Men, kiem tra, giam sat thuc thi chinh sach cdn nhieu bat cap; ty le ddi tugng dugc hudng chinh sach cdn thap (mdi dugc tren 50%); can bd Iam cdng tac xa bdi thieu va chua dugc dao tao bai ban ca d khau hoach dinh chinh sach ciing nbu khau tac nghiep cu the, nhat la can bg lam viec true tiep vdi ddi tugng Dac biet ddi ngii nhiing ngudi lam cdng tac xa hgi chua Men va chua dugc dao tao ve cdng tac xa hdi nen lam viec chua theo phuang phap khoa hgc cua chuyen nganh cdng tac xa bgi; be thdng td chiic bd may cung cap dich vu cdng tac xa hpi chuyen nghiep d cdng ddng gan nhu chua cd d tat ca cac dia phuang Dieu da anh hudng tdi hieu qua ciia cac chinh sach xa hdi tinh Mnh mdi vdi phuang cham trg giiip "Cho can cau chir khdng cho xau ca" Tinh hinh se rat khd dugc cai thien tru nudc ta cd nganh cdng tac xa hdi chuyen nghiep Trong kbi Viet Nam chua cd nganh cdng tac xa hdi chuyen nghiep tbi cdng tac xa hdi da dugc xem la mdt nghe mang tinh chuyen nghiep d nhieu qudc gia tu gan the ky Su cd mat ciia Hiep bdi Cdng tac xa hdi qudc te khdi su tu nam 1926 vdi hang chuc ngan vien la can bd xa hdi dugc dao tao chuyen ngMep ciia 78 nudc tren the gidi va Hiep bdi cac tradng dao tao cdng tac xa bdi thi gidi vdi su tham gia cua 80 qudc gia la mdt minh chung cho lich sir lau ddi ciia loai hinh ngbe nghiep Tai nhieu nudc, cac dich vu xa hdi da ttd nen chuyen ngMep hda nhd cd su Tap chi Cpng s a n tham gia ddng dao cua ddi ngii can bd xa bdi dugc dao tao d cac trinh cu nhan, tbac si va tien Sl Chat Iugng ciia cac cMnh sach, cbuang trinh hay dich vu an sinh xa hdi d day dugc phan anh bdi tinh phdng ngua cao ddi vdi cac van de xa hdi Tinh chuyen ngMep cua cdng tac xa hdi dugc the hien rat rd net buy ddng ngudn Iuc, phat huy tiem nang cua mdi ca nhan, gia dinh, cdng ddng va cua ca cac qudc gia Do vay, boat ddng khdng cbi tao sy phat trien ben viing ma cdn gdp phan dang ke cho viec giam tai ngan sach nha nudc giai quyet cac van de lao dpng, viec lam va cac van de an sinh xa hdi khac Trong bdi canh toan cau bda bien nay, cac nudc khdng cbl de cap tdi su lien ket toan cau cua cac linh vuc kinh doanh, thuang mai ma ciia ca boat ddng xa hdi Tai Hdi ngbi qudc te ve cdng tac xa hdi dugc td chiic d 0-xtray-li-a vao thang 10-2004, van de toan cau bda cac boat ddng cdng tac xa hdi tren the gidi la mgt nhiing chii de chinh dugc dua thao Man, tang cudng hieu qua Theo Hiep hgi cdng tac xa hgi the gidi, nghe cdng tac xa hgi chuyen nghiep la nhirng boat dgng nham tao sy phat trien cua xa bgi thdng qua viec tham gia qua trinh giai quyet cac van de xa hdi, tang cudng nang luc va giai phdng tiem nang ciia mdi ca nhan, gia dinh va cdng ddng Cdng tac xa bdi giiip cho ngudi phat trien day du, hai hda va dem Iai cugc sdng tdt dep ban cho mgi ngudi dan Cdng tac xa bgi cd vai trd quan trgng ddi sdng xa hgi, bao ve quyen ngudi, nhan pham, gia tri ngudi, cdng bang va binh dang xa hdi; thuc day xay dung mgt xa hgi hai hda vi banh phiic cua tat ca mgi ngudi Nhan vien cong tac xa hoi va trach ciia ho Trong tinh vuc bdo ve tre em cdn su: bdo ve dac biet: nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi danh gia tinh Mnh cua ddi tugng tre em dang nghi ngd la bi lam dung hoac nhang, bao gdm ca SS 821 (thang nam 2011) 51 Nghien ciiu - Trao doi chinh ban than cac em va tiem nang ciia cac mdi quan he gia dinh Vdi phuang cham vi su an toan ciia tre em la dieu quan trgng nhat nen mdt sd tradng hgp ngudi nhan vien cdng tac xa hgi se thu xep dich vu cham soc thay the cho tre (cdn ggi la dich vu cham sde ngoai gia dinh) Nhan vien cdng tac xa bdi ciing cd tbi can tMep vao ddi sdng cua gia dinh va cdng ddng, sir dung cac phuang phap nhu tham van, Ueu phap gia dinh va giao due ve mat xa hdi dl giiip hg hieu dugc nhu cau ciia em minh va nang cao ky nang Iam cha me va tang cudng kha nang iing phd Ddi vdi cdc gia dtnh cd vdn de, mdu thudn, khdng hodng: nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi giup dd cac gia dinh danh gia cac mdi quan he khdng phii hgp va nang cao kha nang de giai quyet cac van de ciia gia dinh thdng qua viec sir dung cac phuong phap nhu tham van, Iam viec vdi gia dinh hoac lieu phap gia dinh Trong nhirng tinh hudng phai can tMep la bao lyc gia dinh, nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi xac dinh muc tieu la de timg vien ciia gia dinh, va toan the gia dinh cd the sdng cung mdt each an toan, hda thuan, giai quyet cac bat boa va xu ly cac van de cua gia dinh Linh vuc tu phdp ngudi chua thdnh nien: nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi dugc quyen ban viec cung cap cho tre su hd trg vl tam Iy xa hdi cho tre em va ngudi chua men trade tda an, cho du tre la nhan chiing, nan nhan hay bi cao Hg cd the di ciing vdi tre em hoac ngudi chua nien thay cho cha me va ngudi giam hp Cac nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi cdng gop phan giao due dinh budng, hd trg tam ly xa hgi cho tre em va ngudi chua nien pham tdi phue hdi nhan pham sau kM khdi tradng giao dudng hoac tim viec Iam cho cac em Tap chi Cdng sAn hdi se tiln hanh giao due va tham v§n cho nhung bpc sinh, sinh vien gap phai nhung van dl ttong hgc tap Nlu hgc sinh, sinh vien gap phai cac vin de gia dinh tbi nhan vien cdng tac xa hpi se su dung phuang phap lam viec vdi gia dmh Nhan vien cdng tac xa hpi ciing cd thi phdi hgp vdi giao vien de tham van cho giao vien xay dung mdi tradng hgc tap thuan Igi cho nhiing hgc sinh, sinh vien c6 van de, giai quyet cac bit bda giiia cac nhom hgc sinh, sinh vien Linh vuc siic khde, bao gdm cd siic khde tdm thdn (tgi cdc benh vien vd phdng khdm): nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi hd ttg ve mat tam ly xa hgi cho cac benh nhan va gia dinh viec ddi mat vdi cac tac ddng ciia benh tat va su dm dau, bao gdm viec danh gia cac kMa canh xa hdi ddng gdp cho bac si qua trinh chan doan va dieu tri benh; cung cap hd ttg tam ly xa hdi cho qua trinh hdi phue ciia benh nhan va thu xep nhirng dich vu hd trg dieu tri benh (neu cd san nhiing dich vu dd) Bdo trg xd hdi cho ngudi gid cd dan: nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi danh gia nhu cau ve khia canh xa hgi cua ngudi gia cd dan de mang lai cho bg nhiing hd trg ve mat tam ly xa hdi va cac dich vu cham sde (neu san cd nhirng dich vu dd) Ddng thdi nhan vien cdng tac xa hpi cdng ddng vai trd la can bg quan Iy tradng hgp de dieu phdi dich vu cho ngudi gia cd dan, giam sat nhirng thay ddi nhu cau ciia hg de tim kiem dich vu can dap iing Nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi ciing dam nhan vai trd quan ly cham sde tap trang tai cac trang tam bao trg xa hdi va cung hgp tac vdi cac trang tam de cung cap nhung hd trg tam ly xa bdi cho nhiing ca nhan cSn loai binh hd ttg Bdo trgxd hdi cho ngudi tdn tat: nhan vien cdng tac xa hgi danh gia nhu cau vl khia canh Trong cdc trudng phd thdng, cao ddng vd xa hdi cua cua ngudi tan tat Ddng thai, hg dgi hoc: Cac van de ttong cupc sdng gia dinh ciing ddng vai trd la ngudi quan ly tradng hgp, hoac ttong trudng phd thdng, tradng cao dang, hd trg ngudi tan t|t tiep can nhiing dich vu phu dai hpc CO the anh hudng din kha nang hgc tap hgp va tri tiip can mgt loat cac dich vu cua hpc sinh, sinh vien Nhan vien cdng tac xa phdi hgp tdt nhat Trong tradng hgp cin tMit, 52 S6 821 (thang nam 2011) Nghien cuu - Trao ddi nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi cdng cung cap ho trg tam ly xa hgi cho ngudi tan tat va gia dinh cua hg Phdt trien cdng ddng tgi cdc khu phd, cum ddn cu: nhan vien cdng tac xa bdi giiip dd khu pho, cum dan cu nhan dang cac van de cdng ddng ciia minh va bd trg hg tim nhiing ngudn lyc can thiet de giai quyet van de cua khu phd, cum dan cu ciia minh Nhung ngudn lyc cd the la ca sd vat chat, vi du nhu dia dilm cho nien giao luu Nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi ciing cd the giup dd cdng ddng bay td y kien ve cac van de phat trien va trayen tai nhiing van de den cac cap chinh quyen va nhirng nha hoach dinh chinh sach cd lien quan Nghien cuu xd hdi vd hogch dinh chinh sdch xd hdi: nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi tien hanh nghien ciiu cac van de xa hdi cd tac ddng den xa hdi Hg ciing hd trg chinh quyen xay dyng va thye Men cac chinh sach va chuang trinh an sinh xa hdi, vi du nhu ddng vai trd la tham muu chinh sach va can bg quan Iy chuong trinh tai cac co quan nha nudc Cdng tdc xd hdi cdn gdp phdn gidi quyet te nan xd hdi: Su cung cap cac dich vu cdng tac xa hdi nham hd trg cac trang tam cai nghien, trang tam phue hdi nhan pham cho gai mai dam va nhung ngudi vi pham phap Mat cdng nhu cac trang tam cham soc va hd trg cho nhirng ngudi bi nhiem HIV/AIDS, nhirng phu nir hi budn ban qua bien gidi ttd ve hda nhap cdng ddng Dd la tat ca cac linh vuc ma nhan vien xa hdi phdi hgp vdi cac nganh va cac td chiic chinh quyen de cd the dap iing dugc cac nhu cau ciia ca nhan hay tao nhiing su thay ddi ve mdi tradng xa hgi da Iam gia tang nhirng van de ttong cdng ddng Nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi ciing cd vai trd quan trgng qua trinh dd thi hda d ndng thdn nham hd trg cdn^ ddng dap img cac nhu cau ttong nen kinh te Men dai Do tac ddng ciia ddi ngheo va su chuyin biin ciia nin kinh tl tai phd, cac viinp ndng thdn, nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi cd the ddng vai trd Tap chi Cpng s a n viec phdi hgp vdi cac chuyen gia phat trien kinh te va cac nha lam cdng tac quy hoach dd thi de dap iing nhu cau ciia ve nha d, viec lam cho ngudi ngheo, ngudi yem the xa hgi Nhimg thach thiit va yeu cau phat trien nghe cong tac xa hoi chuyen nghiep Mpi xa hpi van minh va tien bp deu can cd cac cMnh sach va ke hoach cu the de phat huy cac ngudn Iuc cho phat trien va tim cac phuang thiic da dang de bao ve va cham sde mpt each cd hieu qua nhung ddi tugng yeu the, nhu ngudi tan tat, ngudi gia, tre em, ngudi dan tgc thieu sd Trade nhirng bien ddi bet sue to Idn ciia qua trinh toan cau hda dang dien nhu vii bao, ciing nhu ddi mat vdi thach thirc khac nghiet ciia tMen nMen dien nhiing nam dau cua tMen nien ky mdi nhu dich benh, ddng dat, sdng than, bao M, cdng tac xa hdi d nudc ta dang dung trade nhiing thach thiic rat to ldn, dd la: - Dap ung dugc ban chat thay ddi cua rui ro va de bi tdn thuang nhu la ket qua cua thuang mai hda toan cau va thi tradng lao ddng toan cau cang phat trien - Giam bdt va giam nhe su bat binh dang qudc te va qudc gia - Duy tri y tri va nang luc cua cac cMnh sach cdng de cung cap cac ngudn luc cho cdng tac xa hdi va cai thien Meu qua nhirng can thiep cua nha nudc dieu kien cd ban ve ngudn Iuc Trong bdi canh dd vdi dac thu la mdt nudc ngheo, Iai trai qua nhiing nam thang dai cMen tranh nen ddi sdng nhan dan chua cao, cdn nMeu hd gia dinh ngheo khd, gia dinh dan than, Iy tan Mat khac, nhiing tac ddng tieu cue ciia CO che thi tradng va xu the toan cau bda Iam cho sd ddi tugng yem the can trg giup cua nudc ta cao, dang tac ddng manh me den cdng tac xa hdi De phat trien cdng tac xa hpi chuyen ngMep dap iing yeu cau thdi gian trade S5 821 (thang nam 2011) 53 T a p chi C p n g s a n Nghien ciiu - Trao doi mk va lau dai, theo chung toi, can tap trang vao mpt sd nMem vu chd yeu sau: Mot Id, cin phdi hgp dl tiep tuc ngMen ciiu hoan tMen he thdng ca che, chinh sach, tien tdi Mat boa cac linh vyc ciia an sinh xa hgi Hai Id, kien toan dpi ngd nhan vien, mang ludi cung cip dich vu cdng tac xa hpi d tat ca cac cip, tir trang uong din cac dia phuang, co sd Ba Id, dao tao nang cao trinh dp cua nhan vien lam cdng tac xa hpi de co du nang Iuc thuc Men va hpi nhap vdi qudc te Mudn vay, trade bet chung ta can nhan thuc diy du vl tim quan trpng ciia cdng tac xa hpi Khdng dinh cdng tdc xd hdi Id mot nghe chuyen mdn vdi nhibig chUc danh nghiep vu a timg cdp bdc tie thdp tdi cao Cdn phdi ddo tgo nhdn vien cdng tdc xd hdi chuyen nghiep cd trinh tu trung cap den dai hpc, tbac si, tien Sl va xay dyng chuang trinh dao tao cho timg cap bpc tuong ung Co nhu vay mdi dap iing dugc yeu cau cua tien trinh phat trien kinh te xa hpi ciia dat nudc cung nhu qua trinh bdi nhap quoc te Hien nay, sau mpt thdi gian nd luc cua cac bp, ban, nganh lien quan nhu Bd Giao due va Dao tao, Bp Lao dpng - Thuang binh va Xa hpi ciing mdt sd tnrdng dai hpc, cao dang tten ca nudc, thang 11-2004 ma dao tao nganh cdng tac xa hpi da dugc cMnh thuc phe duyet Tu cho ttong nam 2004 ca nudc mdi cM co - tradng dao tao loai Mnh can bg nay, den chung ta da cd tdi tten 30 trudng dai hpc va cao dang xin phep triln khai dao tao cdng tac xa hpi Dieu danh dau mgt budc phat trien ve nganh cdng tac xa bgi, md dudng cho viec chuyen mdn boa cac can bd lam viec linh vuc an sinh xa hgi d nudc ta Tuy nMen, mdt vin de cap bach can dugc giai quyit nhu mgt budc tiep theo dd la viec xdy dung vd phe chudn he thdng chiic danh tieu chudn nghe nghiep ddi vdi cdc nhdn vien cdng tdc xd hdi Day la co sd cho viec bd tri, sii dung nhan vien cdng tac xa hgi sau dao tao mgt diiu khdng tbi tMeu dugc qua trinh chuyen ngMep hda nghe cdng tac xa hpi d nudc ta Men ã ã * \ ' ô * ^ * r "If-W Formation and development of professional social works in our country ,v DAM HUU DAC Dr, Deputy Minister of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs Social works play an important role m human Hfe The agents of social works support human commumties in meeting needs of the modem economy They collaborate with economic experts and urban - plaiming workers m satisfing the demand for housing and providing employment to the poor and vulnerable people in society Quabty and expertice levels of the personal staff ttained in social works now are growing Therefore, the development of social works as a profession is an natural need of the country's renovation at the present 54 S6 821 (thang nam 2011) ... iing Nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi ciing dam nhan vai trd quan ly cham sde tap trang tai cac trang tam bao trg xa hdi va cung hgp tac vdi cac trang tam de cung cap nhung hd trg tam ly xa bdi cho nhiing... cdng tac xa hgi chua Men va chua dugc dao tao ve cdng tac xa hdi nen lam viec chua theo phuang phap khoa hgc cua chuyen nganh cdng tac xa bgi; be thdng td chiic bd may cung cap dich vu cdng tac... Trao ddi nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi cdng cung cap ho trg tam ly xa hgi cho ngudi tan tat va gia dinh cua hg Phdt trien cdng ddng tgi cdc khu phd, cum ddn cu: nhan vien cdng tac xa bdi giiip dd khu