^) Dua nghi quyet Dai hoi XI cua Dang vao cuoc song Tapchi Cpn^saw BirbC NGOAT Mdi TRONG NO LlTC XOA OOI, GIAM NGHEO NGUYEN THI KIM NGAN* Xda ddi, gidm ngheo a nudc ta van dang Id vdn de buc xiic duo'c Ddng vd Nhd nudc het stic quan tdm Xda ddi, gidm ngheo todn dien, ben vitng Id muc tieu xuyen suot qud trinh phdt trien kinh te - xd hoi vd Id mot nhung nhiem vii quan trong, gdp phdn thuc hien phdt trien ddt nudc theo dinh hudng xd hoi chu nghla NhOng thdnh tuu dat duo'c giai doan 2006 - 2010 tqo budc ngoat mdi xda ddi, gidm ngheo dnudc ta vd la nen tdng cho chung ta thifc hien nhimg gidi phdp xda ddi, gidm ngheo cho giai doan 2011 - 2020 Nam 2010 - bwyc ngoat mdi xoa doi, giam ngheo ot mxffc ta Tfl nam 1986 den nay, cong cuoc doi mod dat nuac Dang Cpng san Viet Nam khoi xuong va lanh dao da dat dugc nhung tuu quan trong: dat nudc da thoit khoi khung hoang, kinh te tang trudng nhanh, ddi song ngudi dan dugc cai thien ro net Tuy nhien, van de phan hoa giau ngheo noi len giua cac vflng, cac nhom dan cu, dac biet la khu vuc mien nfli, vflng dong bao dan toe, ddi song ngudi dan het sflc kho khan, De giai quyet moi quan he hai hda giua tang trudng kinh te va cong bang xa hoi, nham bao dam phat trien ben virng, tdng ket kinh nghiem thuc tien tu phong trao xoa doi, giam ngheo cua ca nudc giai doan 1992 -1997, tunam 1998 din nay, xoa doi, giam ngheo da trd chuong trinh muc tieu qu6c gia va dugc dua vao ke hoach dinh ky nam cua Chinh phfl va cac dia phuong, den da qua giai doan (1998 2000; 2001 - 2005; 2006 - 2010) Giai quyet van de ngheo d6i cung la the hien manh me cam ket cua Dang, Nha nudc Viet Nam vdi cpng dong quoc te viec thuc Men cac muc tieu thien nien ky Chinh phu Viet Nam da tap trung chi dao, uu tien nguon luc thuc Men tot muc tieu xda doi, giam ngheo Moi giai doan CO nhimg npi dung, giai phap khac nhung deu hudng tdi muc tieu chung la nang cao mflc song cfla ngudi dan, giam nhanh ty le hp sdng dudi ngudng ngheo Theo Bao cao Muc tieu phit trien Thien men ky nam 2010, Viet Nam da dat dugc nhflng kSt qua quan trpng phat trien kinh te - xa hpi va cho thay dau hieu kha quan cua viec hoan cic muc tieu vao nam 2015 Toe dp tang tong san pham nudc (GDP) binh quan hing nam thdi ky 2001 - 2010 dat 7,2%, GDP binh quan dau ngudi nam 2010 khoang 1.160 USD Cflng vdi tang trudng va phat trien Mnh ii, Viet Nam dac biet quan tam va mi tien ngu6n luc cho giam ngheo, Vdi viec giam 1/2 hp ngheo vao nam 2002, va dSn da giam dugc * Bl thu Trung uang Dang, Bo tnrong Bp Lao dpng ThuOTig binh va Xa hpi So 821 (thang nam 2011) ' Dua Nghi quyet Dai hoi XI cua D a n g vao cuoc s6ng T a p ch j C d n g s a n 3/4 s6 ho ngheo (so voi dau thap men 90 the kyXXj, hoan tnrdc muc tieu tMen Men k)' ve giam ngheo, Viet Nam chuyen vi tri tfl nudc ngheo sang nhom nudc c6 mflc thu nhap trung binh thap Nhflng nam qua, nhd thuc Men cong Chiin lugc phat trien kinh te - xa hpi, Chuong trinh muc tieu quoc gia giam ngheo, Chuong trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hpi cac xa dac biet kho khan \amg dong bao dan tpc, mien nfli (Chuong trinh 135), Chuong trinh ho trg giam ngheo nhanh va ben \irng doi vdi 62 huyen ngheo (Nghi quyet so 30a) va cac chuong trinh kinh te, xa hpi khac hudng vao muc tieu giam ngheo, ty le hp ngheo ca nudc da giam nhanh tfl 22% (nam 2005) xu6ng 11,3% (nam 2009) va 9,45% (nam 2010), binh quan moi nam giam 2% - 3% ty le ngheo; ngirdi ngheo da duoc tiep can tot hon cac nguon lire kinh te (von dat dai, cong nghe tM trudng ) va cac dich vii xa hpi CO ban nhu: giao due y te, nirdc sach, trg giup phap ly ; ket cau tang cfla cac huyen, xa ngheo dupc tang cudng; ddi song cfla ngudi ngheo duac cai tMen ro ret (7% - 107c); chenh lech giau - ngheo gifla cac \dng nhom dan cu chua dugc thu hep dac biet la d nhflng huyen, xa c6 t}- le hp ngheo cao Cac chuong trinh giam ngheo trie'n khai thdi gian qua chua toan dien; nMeu chinh sich, chuong trinh giam ngheo da dugc ban hanh nhung mang tinh ngin han chong cheo, chua tao sir gan ket chat che va long ghep tap trung vao muc tieu giam ngheo; cong tie tuven truven nang cao nhan thflc cfla ngudi dan nMeu ban che tu tuong chd, y lai vao Nha nudc vao cpng dong van bien d nMeu dia phuang nen da ban che phat huy npi luc va sir no luc \Tran len Theo chuan ngheo mdi du Men ap dung tfl nam 2011, t>^ le hp ngheo cfla ca nudc cMem khoang 15%- 177c, ngudi ngheo tap trung phan ldn d khu vuc nong thon cMem khoang 90%; mpt so huyen nflen nfli pMa Bac, Tay Nguyen, nflen nui Duyen hai nflen Trung, lay Nam Bp la nhirng noi dong dong bao dan tgc tMeu so sinh song, t)' le hp ngheo cao (tren 507c), la dia ban rat kho khan doi vdi cong tic giam ngheo Giai quyet van de ngheo doi la nMem vu kh6 Kinh te tang tnrong nhanh va hen tuc, voi tdc khan, lau dai, ben bi cfla toan Dang, toan dan ta, dp tfl 7% - 8%/nam la mpt yeu to quan trpng de bao dam an sinh xa hpi, thuc Men muc tieu viec giam ngheo, nhung diem noi bat d •'Dan giau, nudc manh, dan chu, cong bang, van Viet Nam khac vdi cac nudc khac la tang trudng minh" Trong 10 nam tdi, giam ngheo ben \img nhanh nhung cQng han che duac toe dp gia tang la mpt nhflng nMem trpng tam uu tien bat binh dang He so Gflfl, mpt cM so xem xet CMen lugc phat trien kinh te - xa hpi dat bat binh dang thu nhap cM tang tfl 0,329 nam nudc, cung nhu cM dao va to chuc thuc 1993 len 0.356 nam 2008; dp sau ngheo doi, Men cua Chrnh phu, chinh quyen cac cap nham tinh bang t\' le ngudi ngheo nam gan ngudng phat huy npi lire cua toan xa hpi cflng su no luc, ngheo da giam xuong Chinh vi vay, tuu MTon len cua ngirdi ngheo Nha nudc tiep tuc tap giam ngheo cua Viet Nam da dugc cpng d6ng trung uu tien cho nhimg dia ban kho khan nhat quoc te gM nhan: "Nlmig tlianh tiru gidm ngheo (Ming nflen nfli pMa Bac, Tay Nguyen, Duyen cua Viet Nam Id mot nhihig cau chuyen hai mien Trang, Tay Nam Bp) nham bao dam giam ngheo nhanh va ben virng d nhflng \flng thdnh cong nhdt phdt triin kinh ti'' so vdi ca nudc Nhung kho khan, thii thach Tuy ty le hp ngheo giam nhanh nhung kit qua giam ngheo chua ben \irng, so hp da thoat ngheo nhung mflc thu nhap nam sat chuan ngheo rit ldn (707c - 80%), t)' le hp tai ngheo hang nam so vdi tong so hp thoat ngheo cao S5 821 (thang nam 2011) Dinh hmmg giam ngheo nhanh va ben vung De tigp tuc diy manh cong cupc giam ngheo va thuc Men muc tieu giam ngheo ben \img ban che t6c dp gia tang khoang each chenh lech giau E>ua Nghi quyet Dai hoi XI cua Dang vao cuoc s6ng ngheo, dinh hudng giam ngheo thdi ky 2011 2020 nhu sau: Thli nhat, cac chinh sach giam ngheo thudng xuyen se dugc he thdng lai, tren ca sd soat, danh gia lai toan bp cac chinh sach hien hanh cac bp, nganh dugc giao trach nhiem chu tri td chflc thuc hien, hudng vao ddi tugng ngudi ngheo, hp ngheo Tren co sd do, Chinh phu se ban hanh ngM quyet ve dinh hudng giam ngheo ben virng thdi ky 2011 - 2020, dd, bao gom cac cMnh sach ho trg true tiep ddi vdi hp ngheo, ngudi ngheo; chinh sach dac thu cho dia ban kh6 khan nhat Thie hai, tiep tuc thuc Men Chuong trinh muc tieu qudc gia giam ngheo ben viing giai doan 2011 - 2015 Chinh phu se tap trung uu tien nguon luc dau tu tu ngan sach trung uong de' diy nhanh tdc dp giam ngheo d cac dia ban dac biet kh6 khan, d6 tap trung vao cac npi dung: tang cudng dau tu ket cau tang d cac dia ban dac biet khd khan; ho trg san xuat, tang thu nhap cho ngudi ngheo, ddng bao dan tpc thieu sd; xay dung va nhan rpng md hinh giam ngheo ben viing; nang cao nang luc giam ngheo va truyen thong; tang cudng hoat dpng giam sat, danh gii cac cMnh sach giam ngheo tie dpng den ddi T a p chi C p n g s a n tugng thu hudng Tren ca sd do, cic dia phuang can cfl CO che, chinh sach giam ngheo de huy dpng ngudn luc va bd tri ngan sach tai chd de dau tu Thli ba, thuc hien co che phan cap, trao quyen, hd trg trpn gdi co muc tieu cho dia phuang, di ddi vdi nang cao nang luc va tang cudng su tham gia cua ngudi dan Thli tu, phan dau giam ty le hp ngheo binh quan 2%/nam theo chuan mdi; rieng 62 huyen ngheo, cac xa dac biet kho khan giam binh quan 4%/nam Tao viec lam on dinh va da dang boat dpng thu nhap cho lao ddng ngheo; tang thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi cua cac hd ngheo len 3,5 lan va thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi cfla cic huyen ngheo nhat tang it nhat lan so vdi nam 2010 Bao dam cac dieu Men tMet yeu ve nha d, nudc sinh boat, tiep can cac dich vu y te, cham soc sflc khoe, giao due, day nghe, ddi sdng van h6a, tinh than, tiep can dich vu trg giup phap ly mien pM cho cac hd ngheo, dac biet hp ngheo la ddng bao dan tpc tMeu sd d cac huyen ngheo, xa, thdn, ban dac biet khd khan Ket cau tang thiet yeu phue vu san xuat va dan sinh d cac huyen ngheo, xa, thon, ban dac biet khd khan dat chuan theo tieu cM ndng thdn mdi • A turning point in the efforts for poverty reduction NGUYEN THI KIM NGAN Member of CPV Central Secretariat, Minister of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs Over the last period, our effort of hunger eradication and poverty reduction has acMeved many significant achievements The intemational community recognizes that they are one of the most remarkable outcomes of economic growth To further promote economic growth and sustainable development, and gradually lower poverty rate, we should strive to implement effectively the national target program for sustainable poverty reduction in the period 2011 - 2015 and devise a plan for poverty reduction in the 2011-2020 period SS 821 (thing nam 2011) ... •'Dan giau, nudc manh, dan chu, cong bang, van Viet Nam khac vdi cac nudc khac la tang trudng minh" Trong 10 nam tdi, giam ngheo ben img nhanh nhung cQng han che duac toe dp gia tang la mpt nhflng