Công,Dung, ngôn, hạnh với phụ nữ việt nam hiện nay

46 TAP CHf P H A T T R I ^ N N H A N L U C , S(5 3(19)-2010 CON69 DUNG, NCON, HANH vcfi PHU NCTVIET NAM HIEN NAY N G U Y I N THI VAN •> C ta dang sd'ng mdt thdi dai ma lodi ngfldi dang xich lai gan vd sfl giao lflu van hda dang dien Hen the gidi nhfl mdt xu hfldng ta't ydu Khdng mdt dan toe ndo tdn tai va phdt hien dfldc ndu khdng dat minh Hong sii Hen bd chung, ndu khdng Hep Mu nhuiig thdnh tflu van hda, van minh cua nhan loai Do vay, viec danh gid vai Hd eua Nho gido lich sfl M Mdng vd anh hfldng eua nd Hong xa hpi ngdy ludn mang mdt 5' ngMa khdng nhd Nho gido ban nMeu dd^n van de dao dfle, song pham vi cua bai vidt nay, chung tdi chi tap trung de cap den anh hfldng cua quan Mem ve Td ddc (Cdng, Dung, Ngdn, Hanh) ddi vdi ngfldi phu nff Viet Nam Men Chung ta deu biet, Khdng Tfl - ngfldi sdng lap hpc thuyet Nho gido, ludn nudi hodi bao xay diing mdt xa hdi ed ky cfldng, nen ndp theo Mnh mau nhd Tay Chu De hpe thuydt cua minh trd Manh Men Mflc, dng da tap trung xay dflng miu ngfldi quan tfl vdi ehu trfldng "dfle tri" Song, dd'i vdi phu nfl, quan Mem bat binh dang thdi dd, nen hau nhfl dng khdng chfl trpng vao viec xay dflng mpt mau ngtfdi phu nff cu the cho xa hpi dtfdng Mdi "Ttf dtfc" dtfde coi la quan Mem cd ban nha't cua dng ve ngtfdi phu nff "Tfl dfle" la dfle tinh tdt ma ngfldi phu nff can phai cd - (•) Thac sT, Tradng Dai hpc Su pham Ha N6I la "Cdng, Dung, Ngdn, Hanh" Cong ehi sif kheo leo viee ldm Dung cM sii hda nha Hong sac dien Ngdn cM stf mem mai Hong ldi ndi Hanh ehi sii nhu mi tinh net Trong quan Mem cua Nho gido sd ky, Cdng la nff cong gia chdnh, te gia ndi trd Dung Id ve dep hinh thtfc, la stf ket hdp giffa ve dep ttf nhien vdi Hang phuc, tao nen stf doan Hang thuy my Ngon la ldi an tieng ndi, ngdn ngff te nhi, kin dao Hgnh Id dtfe hanh, long nhan di, la stf Man theo le ngMa, Meu de Nho giao M kM dtfde du nhap vao Viet Nam ludn cd nhiing btfdc thdng Ham Hong lich sfl tif Mdng dan tpc, vi Me, pham Hu "Tfl dfle" cung khdng nam ngoai sii thdng Ham dd, cd lflc no cM phdi van menh ngtfdi phu nff, ed lflc lai to md nhat Nd cd mat deh cffc vd cung cd nhiftig han che Nhflhg, du d Mdi ^ ndo tM sfl Hep thu pham Hu eua ngfldi phu nff Viet Nam ciing khdng bao gid la nguyen ngMa, ma ludn cd sif bien ta'u, Unh hoat Hong ddi Mtfdng "Tfl dtfc" ludn dtfde coi la chuan miie dao dfle ed ban de xay diing Mnh mau ngtfdi phu nff phong kien Trong xa hpi eu, pham Hu dfldc giai ca'p Mdng Hi sfl dung Hiet de nhtf mdt cdng cu hull Meu cho viec gido hda ngtfdi phu nff vdi mue dich dn dmh xa hdi, bao ve quyen ldi ciia giai ca'p thdng tri Ngay nay, ed sd tdn tai ctia Nho gido ndi chung "Tfl dtfc" ndi rieng khong NGUYEN TH! V A N - C6NG, DUNG, NG6N, HANH edn vffng chac nhtf trtfdc day, song nd vin cd nhiing tde ddng nha't dinh tdi viee xay dtfng dao dfle eua ngfldi phu nff mdi Bdi le: Thd nhdt, " C d n g " , theo quan Mem eua Nho giao, la: Vd may giQ nep ddn bd MQi kim nhd nhdt mdi Id nit cdng (Gia huan ca - Nguyen Trai) Theo dd, gidi han ve ndi dung, ve pham vi cdng viee ma ngfldi phu nff dfldc quyen tham gia cM bd hep Hong gia dinh Mdt ngfldi phu nff man mflc la ngfldi phu nff cham cM, Men thuc, Met lo toan thu ven viee nhd; la ngfldi "nang khdn, sfla Mi" cho dan dng Cdng viec ngoai xa hpi khdng thude quyen va Hach nMem eua hp Ngfldi phu nff xa hdi Men dai khdng ehi "te gia, ndi trd", ma edn ed nhffng hoat ddng vdi nhffng mtfc dp khde Hong Hnh vtfc xa hdi, san xua't vat chat, da'u tranh chd'ng gidc ngoai xam Chflc nang kinh td eua gia dinh van la mpt nhffng chflc ndng rat quan trpng cua phu nff Gia dinh khdng nhffng la ddn vi tieu dung, ma edn la ddn vi san xua't cua cai vat chat de thda man nhu cau eua cae vien Hong gia dinh va gdp phan ldm giau cho xa hdi Vdi M each la ngfldi tham gia, la chu Me cae hoat ddng lao dpng san xua't, nay, phu nff trd life Ifldng lao ddng ed ban cua xa hpi vd gia dinh Trong san xua't vat chat, ngfldi phu nff ddng gdp rat nhieu cdng sfle vdi mdt muc dich cao ea, khdng quan khd khan, khdng Hec sfle minh: Vi chdng nen phdi gdng cdng Ndo xUang sat da dong chi day (Ca dao) Phu nfl la ngfldi tao dflng (eua ehdng cdng vd), la ngfldi "tay hdm, cMa khda", la ngfldi giff gin, bao ve tai san gia dinh (ehdng nhfl cai gid, vd nhfl edi hom) Ve tinh chat trfle tid^p, ngfldi phu nff tao Meu qua kinh te khdng kem so vdi nam gidi Ngay nay, phu nff da khang dinh dfldc vai trd vd vi tri cfla minh ta't ea cdc linh vfle: kinh td, cMnh tri, vdn hda, ngoai giao, du lich, cdc hoat dpng khoa hpe, nghe thuat, cdng nghe thdng tm, thdm Mem, khdm phd cdc hdnh Hnh, ddc biet Id Knh vfle kinh td vdi tam cd 47 qudc gia, khu vfle va tren the gidi Vi vay, ranh gidi phan biet Hnh vfle hoat ddng eua phu nff vdi nam gidi khdng cdn rach rdi, eflng nhae nhfl trflde day Nen van minh cdng nghiep ddi eung vdi sif phat trien cua cac nganh cdng ngMep, kj' thuat, nhffng dd tbi ldn da tao dieu kien eho phu nff tham gia trfle tiep vao eae nganh nghe ddi hdi ham Ifldng tri tue eao Da cd nhffng phu nff dat quan ly eac doanh ngMep ldn, nMeu phu nff la ngfldi lam kinh te ehinh, la tru cdt, la ngfldi ed quyen quyet dinh nhffng viee ldn gia dinh Ben canh dd, so' cac boat dpng lao ddng mang tinh gian Hep tao kiiM te, nhtf quet dpn, na'u an, dpn dep, giat giu, eham sdc ngtfdi gia, tre em ngtfdi phu nff thtfc Men ludn cMem da sd Theo ban tm thdi stf cfla VTV3 Dai truyen Mnh Viet Nam phat 9-3-2005, thdi gian thflc Men cdng viee gia dinh cfla ngfldi phu nff len tdi gid 30 phut/ngay (trong kM nam gidi la gid 30 phflt) va ngfldi phu nff lam tdi 70% sd Ifldng cdng viee gia dinh Dieu ddng ndi la, trflde day, quan Mem eua xa hpi eu, cdng viee gia dinh la "nhd nhat" - cdng viee cua dan ba Tren ea hai phfldng dien: 5' ngMa kinh te va cfldng dp lao ddng tW day la mpt quan mem rat sai lam Vi thtfc chat, la lao ddng nham tdi san xua't sfle lao dpng eho mpi vien gia dinh Day la cdng viee ddi hdi cfldng dp lao dpng eao va ton nMeu thdi gian, sfle life eua phu nff Vdi y ngMa nhfl vay, hoat dpng vfla ed y ngMa idnh te, vfla cd f ngMa xa hdi Tuy nMen, khdi Ifldng cdng viee gia dinh ma ngfldi phu nfl phai dam nhan da dfldc giam bdt bdi bd'n ydu td ed ban: sfl xua't Men eua nhieu dung tien ich; dich vu xa bdi phuc vu eho ddi sd'ng phdt trien; ngfldi ehdng cd f ihdc ehia se cdng viee nha eung vdi vd; trao lflu sfl dung ngtfdi giup viee da va dang trd phd bidn Nhtf vay, tfl sii rang bupc bdi nhffng ehua'n mflc "nff cdng gia chanh", "te gia ndi Hd", "nang khan sfla tui" , tfl dia vi an theo, phu thudc, ngdy nay, ngfldi phu nff da va dang trd lflc Ifldng lao ddng chinh, cd nhffng ddng gdp ldn eho gia dinh va xa hpi, dfldc xa hpi thfla nhan NGUYEN THI V A N - C N G , DUNG, N G C N , HANH Ddi sdng xa hdi dang cd nhuhg bflde phdt trien manh, dieu dd anh hfldng tnic Hep den moi ngtfdi, mdi gia dinh Hien nay, d ntfdc ta, kieu gia dinh hat nhan van cMem ty le cao; van hda, ddi sdng tam 1^ truyen thd'ng van cdn Mu keo va bao ve cae gia dinh cd truyen Nhtfng, Hong Mdng lai, cflng vdi Hen trinh cdng ngMep hda, Men dai hda, eflng vdi xu Md toan cau hda Men dai hda ddi sd'ng xa hdi , ddi sdng gia dinh ngtfdi Viet Nam chdc chan se cd stf dao ldn it nMeu Do vay, trdch nhiem vdi cdng viee eua ngtfdi phu nff lai cdng ldn Hp khdng cM hi sff tdn tai cua gia dinh, ma cdn phai sap xep cdng viec xa hdi mdt cdch khoa hpe; gia dinh vd xa hdi deu rat can stf toan tam todn f cua hp Pham vi cdng viec ngdy cdng md rdng, chat Itfdng cdng viec mdt cao va vay, de dam nhan dtfde khd'i Itfdng cdng viec tren, ngtfdi phu nff hien dai khdng cM can man, kheo leo hay ddn Muan dflng sfle manh ed bap la du, ma cdn ludn phai pha'n da'u khdng ngffng ve tri tue, tai nang, chuyen mdn, hpc van Cudc sd'ng Men dai vd cflng phtfc tap, thi trfldng bie'n ddi ehdng mat dan den nhffng rui ro khdn Ifldng, vi vay, phu nff Men dai cdn can phai cd mpt nghi life pM thtfdng, mpt tam nMn xa trdng rpng, mdt tinh than vffng vang va lae quan trtfdc nhffng bie'n dpng cua eude sd'ng Trong thdi dai ngdy nay, ngtfdi phu nff hien dai phan ldn edn tich ctfc Mam gia vao cae hoat ddng cdng ddng nham xay dtfng mpt mdi trtfdng xa hdi ldnh manh, nhtf bao ve mdi trtfdng sdng, phdng chdng te nan xa hpi, da'u tranh vi hda binh, Day Id mpt chuan miic mdi vd rat can ddi vdi ngtfdi phu nff Men dai; nd chinh la cMec rdo chan nhffng mat trdi eua ed che thi trtfdng tde dpng den van hda, xa hpi, Id edi ngtfdng an toan bao ve hanh phfle gia dinh Dd la khd'i Ifldng cdng viee khdng id ddt len ddi vai nhd be eua ngtfdi phu nff Men dai vd ban than hp cung da Miic Men nhffng cdng viee khdng he thua kem bat ctf Day cMnh la stf ddng gdp cdng stfe vd bd ben eua ngtfdi phu nff vdo sii phdt trien ehung cua da't ntfdc va cung la stf cd gang gin giff net dep, mat Hch ctfc cua chff Cong truyen Mdng, la sff hda nhap, vtfdn len cua ngtfdi phu nff de dat tdi tam cao mdi cua Mdi dai Tuy nMen, chung ta cung tha'y, xa hoi Men da cd khdng it phu nff mai me vdi cdng viec xa hpi, nhtf ngMen ciiu khoa hpc, Mam gia cdc hoat ddng cdng ddng, cdng tac quan 1^, say me lam kinh td ma xao nhang viec nha Ciing da cd nhMig ngfldi phu nff sa vdo cdc te nan xa hpi ma bd be hoan toan cdng viec gia dinh, khdng quan tam chdm sdc chdng con, day bao cdi, chia se mem vui noi budn vdi ngfldi Man Hong gia dinh Dieu la mpt Hong nhOlig nguyen nhan chu yeu dan den stf tan vd, ran ntft hanh phue Hong nMeu gia dinh Men dai Thd hai, "Dung", quan mem eua Nho giao, Id chuan miic ve ve dep cua ngtfdi phu nff Dd Id ve dep Mfly mi, km dao, duyen ddng, "lieu yeu, dao td" Dieu cho thay, Hong quan mem ve Mnh thtfc cua ngtfdi phu nff eung da Me Men vi tri kMem nhtfdng Hong gia dinh vd xa hpi Cdi dep eua ngtfdi phu nff theo quan mem Nho gido cung phai la cdi dep dem lai dieu tdt ldnh, cd ich ldi cho chdng, cho ("vuang phu ich td"): Nhitng ngudi thdt ddy lUng ong Vda kheo chiiu chong vtfa kheo nudi (Ca dao) Trong quan Mem cua Nho gido, ngtfdi phu nff vdi Man phan phu Mupc eua minh ludn phai chiu nhan nhuc tdi mtfc chdng qudt, chdng mang dau cd Me sai ma van ciii dau, cam chiu: Chong gidn thi va ldm ldnh Mieng cUdi hdn hd rdng anh gidn gl (Ca dao) Va, dfl the ndo, ngtfdi phu nff ch! la thfl ma ngtfdi ta cd Me mua, bdn dtfde: Ddn bd thdt ddy lung ong Gdt chdn thon nho ddng trdm quan tiin Ba trdm mpt mil ddn bd Dem vi md trdi chieu hoa cho ngoi (Ca dao) Ngay nay, dat ntfdc ddi mdi, kinh te phdt triin, day Id dieu kien cd ban kMen cho npi ham ciia pham Hfl "Dung" cung cd nMeu thay ddi Quan niem ve ve dep Mnh thtfc cua ngtfdi phu nff Men dai cd them nhieu tieu chi, nhtfng nhin NGUYEN THI VAN - C N G , DUNG, N G N , HANH chung, net dep duyen ddng, thfly mi, nff dnh cua ngtfdi phu nff truyen Mdng van dtfde de cao Ldm dep la nhu eau cua ta't ca mpi ngtfdi, ddc biSt la phu nff Moi thdi cd mdt cdi nMn khde ve ve dep cua ngtfdi phu nff, nhflhg bao gid cung vay, cdi dep dd ludn gan vdi vai Hd, vi tri cua ngfldi phu nff Ngdy nay, ngfldi phu nff da khing dinh dfldc ban Man Hong gia dinh va xa hpi, ndng dpng Hdn nMeu Knh vtfc Nhu can ldm dep cua hp vd yeu cau cfla xa hpi ve edi dep cung rat eao, khdng mang tinh chat gian ddn nhtf trtfdc day Ban Man ngtfdi phu nff cung khdng ngffng phan da'u de ed ve dep toan dien vl hinh Mflc, tam hdn vd nhan each Xa hpi cung tao dilu kiSn cho hp ldm dep Cdc trung tam, edu lac bd, cdc budi tpa ddm, M van ve giff gin s£c dep vd Mdi xuan, Uen tuc dfldc md rdng Phu nff ngdy f Mtfc rat rd mdt dieu Id khdng cd ngUdi phu nQ xdu, chi cd ngUdi phu nQ khdng bie't ldm dep Dan gian Mtfdng ndi "cdi net danh chet cdi dep" hay "tdt gd hdn tdt ntfdc sdn", Vdi ngtfdi phu nff Men nay, cdi net khdng "danh chet edi dep" Cai net vd cdi dep cflng "cdng hfldng", giflp cho ngfldi phu nff mpt dep hdn, todn dien hdn Ngdy nay, npi ham cfla cdi Dep dfldc quan Mem khdng cM la ve dep ben ngodi, la Unh thflc md cdn Id tdi nang tri tue, hpc van, phong cdch tfng xijf Phu nff ngdy khdng cM bidt lam dep cho ban Man, md edn bidt ldm dep cho gia dinh, cho xa hdi, biet xay dtfng ddi sd'ng vdn hda mdi cua lang xdm, khu phd', ndi cdng cdng Tuy nhien, ngdy cung van cdn mdt so' ngtfdi qud de cao, Myet ddi hda ve dep Mnh Mflc, chay Meo nd bang mpi gid mdt cdch mfl qudng md qudn di ve dep tam hdn vd nhan cdch Day la mpt quan diem sai lam, gid'ng nhfl lodi hoa cd s^c ma khdng cd hfldng Cd dd md khdng cd tham Nhu hoa ddm but nen cam chdo gi (Ca dao) ThQba, "Ngdn ", nhtf Hong "Gia hud'n ca" Mng viet: Khi ndi ndng phdi ky kieng khem Diu ddng tieng thudn ldi mem 49 CQ ldi chong day mdi nen cda nhd Trong pham tru Ngon, theo quan niem Nho gido, ludn ed stf gan ket gifla "tdng" va "dfle" ma Meo dd, mpt ngfldi phu nff chuan mflc phai Met nghe, lam Meo, Man thu vd dieu kien nhuiig ldi chdng day bao: Dgy tQ thud cdn tha Dgy vg tQ thud ba va mdi vi (Ca dao) Dfldi ehe dp phong kidn, ngfldi vd dfldng nhfl mat het quyen tfl ehu, ddi kM hp cdn ddnh ma't ludn ea ehinh ngfldi cua minh Theo mpt ngMa nha't dinh, hp la nd le ve gidi Vdi ngfldi phu nff, ngdn M dflng de giao Hep Hong xa hdi phong kien ludn ed nhiMg khudn mau khat khe: lanh, trinh, thfla, vang, da Ngdn la lay, trinh, thfla, vang, da (Gia huan ca) Khi ngfldi dan dng ban chinh sfl, ngfldi phu nff ludn ddng vai trd ngfldi phue vu chfl khdng dfldc phep Mam gia, ddc biet Id khdng dfldc nghe "ldm", khdng ndi chen ngang, ndi leo Dan ba mau mdm ban vao viec ldn hay chinh sfl se bi che trdch la "nhd cd gd mdi gdy" - f ira chi dieu ddc, dieu gd Phep tae, quy dinh Hong ngdn ngff giao Hep ludn la dieu can tMet vdi mpi ngfldi d mpi thdi dai, bdi nd chinh la phfldng tien the Men tnnh dp M duy, the Men net dep vdn hda M cua mdi ed nhan, dan tpc, qudc gia Nhflng nMn chung, quan mem Ngdn Hong xa hdi phong kidn ndng ve khudn mau, cilng nhic, khdt khe An sau quan Mem ve ngdn ngfl giao Hep dd'i vdi ngfldi phu nff la sfl phan biet ve gidi vd dang cap Hong xa hdi Ngdy nay, nhu eau phdt trien eua xa hdi, khdi Ifldng cdng viee khdng lo phai giai quyet khoang thdi gian eo hep, ngdn ngfl dang dan dfldc tri Me hda, khoa hpe hda Nd dfldc bieu dat ngan gpn, sue Hch, chuyen tdi hdm Ifldng Mdng tm eao Day la mdt yeu cau, nhflhg cung la mdt flu Me cfla Mdi dai cdng ngMep hda Men dai hda Mdt khde, chflng ta cung phai nMn Ma'y mat Hdi eua ngdn ngff thi trfldng Trong ddi sd'ng xd hdi, ngdn M chd bfla, Heng ldng, tidng nghe ngMep, ngdy mdt xua't Men nMeu hdn d mdt bp phan ehi em phu nff, dde biet Id d nhffng 50 ngtfdi lam nghe ttf NMeu nff tMeu Men dang mac trang hpc trd ma an ndi tMeu van hda, ludn vdng tuc, ehfli the Cdn ve thi Meu van hda, chiu anh hfldng cua cdn ldc nhae Tay, Hen thi trfldng da xua't Men nMeu bai hat ed ngdn M khdng sdng, tMeu vdn hda; Hao lflu nhae tre sfldt mfldt, fly mi, cMm dam yeu dfldng bi My xuat Men mdt nhieu Trong bdi canh ma thdi gian, sfle liie, tri Me ludn dfldc huy ddng den tdi da, dieu kien sinh boat dfldc Men dai hda eao, sfl quan tam, gan gui eua ngfldi me, ngfldi ba dd'i vdi cdi cung cd xu hfldng "cdng ngMep hda" Nhflng ldi ru eua ngfldi phu nfl vdi eon chau ed phan Mem hoi, thay vao la nhffng bang dia phim Tay, phim Tau, nhiMg dd chdi dat Hen, vi tinh, dien M Ba't ky' Hong Mdi thd au dfldc ldn len Hong tidng ru ngpt ngao cua ba, cua me, cua chi mai se la mdt k^ fle Myet vdi Nhffng ldi ru ay dffdc chat cMu M cupc sdng lao ddng, Hanh da'u va bao gid eung Mam dam ngMa Hnh, dao ly gia tpc, que hfldng To qud'e Vdi y ngMa nhfl vay, nguyen tae xfla "hgc dn, hgc ndi, hgc gdi, hgc md" ma theo do, ldi ndi cua ngfldi phu nff phai ludn cd phep tae, nha nhan, km ddo, cd trat tfl tren dfldi vin ludn la mdt nguyen tac can phai cd dd'i vdi ngfldi phu nff Men dai Tuy nMen, gid day, nguyen tae ndy phai gan Uen vdi tri Me, sfl am Meu, phep Uch sfl chfl khdng phai la thdi dp tuf H Hong giao tidp nhtf nhflng ngfldi phu nff xffa Phu nff thdi "ndi nhfl the nao"? Tra ldi dfldc cau hdi ttfdng chflng nhfl ddn gian la ea mdt bi quyet dan tdi thdnh cdng Hong xa hpi va giff lfla hanh phuc gia dinh Nhuiig ldi day cua cha dng ta Mdi dai mdi vin Ma'u finh dat ly: Ech chet tgi mieng (Tuc ngff) Biet thi thUa thi thdt Khdng biet dUa cpt md nghe NgUdi khon dn ndi nda chQng De cho ngQdi dgi nda mting nda lo (Ca dao) Ldi ndi chang mdt tien mua Lixa ldi md ndi cho vQa long NGUYEN THI V A N - C O N G , DUNG, NGON, HANH (Ca dao) Ren giua ldi an Heng ndi cho eac vien gia dinh la mdt dieu vd cung quan Hpng, ddc biet la dd'i vdi phu nff Mdt phu nff biet each "dn", biet cdch "ndi", biet "gdi", biet "md" la bie't ke thffa vd phdt huy nhffng gid hi quy bau giao tiep truyen thdng Thd tQ, "Hanh", M Mdng Nho giao, kha ndng eon ngtfdi thtfdng dtfde danh gid bang luan 15', dao dtfe NgMa Id nha'n manh tinh dang cap, coi nhe ban tinh Hi nMen eua ngtfdi De fim edn efl 15' Man tfl the gidi quan, ngfldi ta dem Man thfldng, dao If eua eon ngfldi gdn cho Hdi, da't vd van vat; bien "tam tdng, M dfle" hda than cua dao dtfe, lay dao Hdi chtfng minh cho dao ngtfdi Hong Han the Chinh vi le do, kM giai cap phong kien Viet Nam sfl dung "tff dfle" cua Nho gido lam cdng eu gido hda ddi vdi ngtfdi phu nff tM nd da ddt dtfc Hgnh vdo vi tri quan trpng bac nha't bd'n dfle Hgnh la cdi can ed, la tam diem, la muc dich de ngtfdi phu nff vtfdn tdi Hgnh cM hanh kiem, dao dffc, long nhan di, la stf pha'n da'u Meo nhuiig ehuan miie cua xa hdi Dtfc hanh cua ngtfdi phu nff dtfde Me Men thdng qua cdc mdi quan he xa hoi va gia dinh: vd ehdng, edi, eha me, vua t6i, quan than, Trong xa hpi phong kien, viec gido due Hong gia dinh ludn chfl Hpng viec rdn day ngfldi phu nff phai hien thuc, dffc dp; khdng tan phfldng thflc dd'i khdng manh me, chu trfldng xfl ly uyen chuyen, nhan nhin cdc mdi quan he gia dinh va xa hdi Ngtfdi phu nff khdng cM bilt chu todn mpi viec Hong gia dinh, ma cdn phai biet ddi nhan xfl Me cho nhan hau; giff gin danh tieng cho chdng con, eho gia dinh, ddng tpc Hp phai bidt "ngdm ddng nudt cay", bao ve Me dien cho chdng, vd Htfdc ngtfdi Man, be ban cua chdng, phai iing xfl eho "giau vi bgn, sang vi vg" Ngtfdi phu nff phai biet chiu Mtfdng, chiu khd, gdnh vdc cdng viec Hong gia dinh, thuy chung vd dieu kien, du "trai ndm the bdy thiep, gdi chinh chuyen mpt chong" Ngfldi phu nff phai lam Hdn bdn phan "tdng phu", nuoi con, sudt ddi gin giff pham gid Dtfe hanh chinh la sdi day Mat chat mdi quan he giffa "tam tdng" NGUYEN THI VAN - C N G , DUNG, NGON, HANH va "Mdflc"; lam Hpn "Mdtfc" de Hpn "dao tdng" Ngay nay, pham hanh cua ngtfdi phu nff v i n ludn dtfde xem trpng vd ve cd ban, van dtfde ddnh gid Hen cdc phtfdng dien: Vai Hd ldm con, vai Hd lam vd, vai Hd ldm me, vai Hd ngtfdi cdng dan xa hpi vd dao dfle nghe ngMep Trong xa hdi hien dai, ngfldi vd khdng ddn thuan la ngfldi "nang khdn sfla Mi" eho ehdng, ma cdn Id ngfldi ban ddi cfla chdng Id ngfldi cflng chung vai gdnh vdc, thfle Men ta't ea eac chflc ndng cua gia dinh: chtfe nang sinh san, ehtfc ndng lam kinh te, chflc nang gido due, chtfe nang thda man nhu cau tam 1^, finh cam, Vd la ngfldi ban tam giao, ludn cMa se ngpt bui, cay dang cua cudc ddi, la ngfldi nang dd, ddng vien, an ui, gidnh Hpn Hnh yen thfldng cho chdng: Chong em rdch em thuang Chong ngudi gdm xong huang mgc ngUdi (Ca dao) Cdng viee, stf ngMep cua ngtfdi dan dng Hong Mdi k)' kinh te thi trtfdng cd rat nMeu bien ddng, may rfli Hdn het, ngfldi vd ludn la chd dfla viing chac eho ngfldi ehdng mpi Mem vui, noi buon Hong dau khd vd ea nhffng vap nga cua cupe ddi Dang sau sii dat cua ngfldi dan dng la cdng lao to ldn, la sfl hy sinh cua ngfldi ddn bd Phu nff thdi da gdnh vac trach nMem vdi mpi Mdnh vien gia dinh vdi "mpt tam ldng rdng ldn md ta ed suy ngM cho sau mdi Meu dfldc" (Xuan Dieu) Nhfl vay, vai Hd lam vd eua ngfldi phu nff Hong gia dinh Men dai cung ed nhuiig bidn ddi theo Mdi cupe, nhflhg nMn chung, v i n dtfa Hen nen tang quan mem truyen Mdng quy' bdu eua dan tpc Vai trd lam vd, lam me la tMen chtfe eao ca cua ngtfdi phu nff d ba't ky' Mdi dai nao, nhtfng xa hdi phong kien, tMdn chflc kMen ngfldi phu nff phai ehiu diing, hy sinh qua nMeu Ngdy nay, mdt phan trdch nhiem da dfldc san se eho cdc Mdnh vien Hong gia dinh va xa hpi, dac biet la sfl cam Mdng, cMa se cua ngfldi chong Hong cudc sdng Dfl d Mdi diem ndo eua lich sfl tM Mnh miu ngfldi me vin ludn la bieu Mdng eho sfl Hong sdng, long vi Ma, cao ca, diu Men Vai Hd lam me Hong xa hdi Men dai khdng cM ddn thuan Id Mflc Men chflc nang sMh san 51 "mang ndng de dau", ma chfl yen la ddnh gid ve viee nudi day cdi nhfl the ndo Ngay M nhffng giay phflt dau Hen Mnh Hong bung me, bao thai da cd sfl gan kdt chat che, da sdng bang sfl nudi dfldng cua ngfldi me Khi ehao ddi, quan he dau tien vdi xa hpi eua dfla tre cung ehinh la me Me la Mnh miu dau Hen va sud't ca cupe ddi dfla tre noi theo Me la ngfldi May dau tien va mai la ngfldi nudi day eho cdch lam ngfldi Ngfldi me ddng vai Hd rat quan trpng viec day cho eai biet dn da'ng sinh thdnh Cdng cha nhU niii Thdi San NghTa me nhu nUdc ngudn chdy Mpt long thd me kinh cha Cho trdn chQ hieu mdi Id dgo (Ca dao) Bie't yeu thuang anh chi em: Mpt gigt mdu ddo han ao nUdc la; (Tuc ngQ) Mpt ngiXa dau cd tdu bo co; (Tuc ngQ) Khdn ngoan ddi ddp ngUdi ngodi Gd Cling mgt me chd hodi dd (Ca dao) Biet trpng ban be (Dau dugm bdc ddi); biet cMa se vdi mpi ngfldi (Hdng xdm tat Ida tdi den cd nhau); biet kinh thay (Khdng thdy mdy ldm nen); biet yeu Td qude, yen ddng bdo, yen epi ngudn dan tde: Bau thuang lay bi cimg Tuy rdng khac gidng nhung chung mpt gidn (Ca dao) Me cdn la ngtfdi ren luyen y Mflc say me lao dpng cho eon: Ai bung bdt cam day Deo tham mpt hgt ddng cay mudn phdn; Cd ldm thi mdi cd dn Khdng dung de dem phdn de'n cho (Ca dao) Vd, day cung la qud trinh ngfldi phu nff tfl nMn nhan, M dfldng, hoan tMen ban than, trd ta'm gfldng sang cho con: Cdy xanh thi Id cung xanh Cha me hiin ldnh de phuc cho (Ca dew) Cd the ndi, lich sfl dan tde ta da bflde sang mdt Hang mdi, nhflng quan Mem ve cdng, dung, NGUYEN TH| V A N - C O N G , DUNG, 52 ngdn, hanh cua Nho giao vin cdn ed nhiMg anh hfldng nha't dinh de'n ngfldi phu nff thdi dai ngdy De phdt huy gid tri tich efle, ddng Mdi ban che nhuiig anh hfldng Heu efle cfla "Ttf dtfc" vdi ngtfdi phu nff Viet Nam nay, ddi hdi chflng ta phai thflc Men ddng bd cac giai phdp cd ban Trflde bet, phai ddi mdi nhan thflc ve pham trfl cdng, dung, ngdn, hanh eho phfl hdp vdi xa hpi Men dai vdi nMeu bien ddi nhfl vu bao Ben canh do, phai ddi mdi ehe dp, ehinh sdch xa hpi ddi vdi phu nff vd gia dinh Dang, Nhd nflde va cdc doan the quan chung dfla bat ky' mpt quydt sdch ndo deu phai tinh tdi ddc thu ve gidi, ve sfle khde, ve tMen ehtfc cua ngtfdi phu nff de ed nhuhg chinh sdch phfl hdp, dam bao stf cdng bang Hong xa hdi NhiMg ehinh sdch hd trd phu nff phat trien phai dtfde thiic Men tren mpi Knh vtfc, mpi nganh nghe, mpi Iffa Mdi, dia vi Stf quan tam cua cae cap ehinh quyen den nff gidi phai dam bao tinh todn dien, khdng ehi ehu Hpng ve ddi sdng vat cha't, ma edn xem Hpng ea ddi sdng tuih Man, stfe khde, tri Me, van hda, van nghe, the thao Day Mtfc chat la qud trinh dau M cMeu sau cho Mdng lai, dau M ed ban eua Dang vd Nha ntfdc nham Muc day xa hdi phdt trien theo dinh htfdng xa hdi ehu ngMa Mat khde Men d Viet Nam cdn tdn tai nhieu Men ttfdng bat binh dang gidi, khdng cM cd nff gidi ma ddi khi, cd ca nam gidi cung chiu stf bat binh dang, eung chiu nMeu dp llic tff phu nff De thife hien dtfde quyen binh dang nam, nff Hong xa hdi, can phai ed nMeu yeu td, nhtf quan diem dung dan eua Dang vd chinh sach phfl hdp cua Nhd nflde, sii flng hd cua dfl Man xa hdi, sfl Meu biet, ddng finh cua nam gidi, dde biet Id sfl nd life het minh nhkm khang dinh ban Man Hen mpi Knh vtfc cua phu nff, stf kien quyet da'u tranh chd'ng lai bao Iiic NG6N, HANH gia dinh, xda bd quan Mem cd hu, lae hau "trgng nam khinh nQ", "dong ddng cua", "trdi sinh voi, trdi sinh co" Cung vdi stf da'u tranh doi quyen binh dang Hong xa hdi, ngtfdi phu nff Men dai eung phai bidt Han Hpng, ke Mffa mdt cdch sdng tao nhffng pham chat cao qu5' cua ngtfdi phu nff Viet Nam truyen thdng, nhtf dam dang, chung thuy, ehiu thtfdng chiu khd, giau long nhan ai, nhan nai hy sinh Tim Meu dao xtfa cua cha dng la can tMet dl hpc vd phdt huy cdi hay, cdi dep cua dtfdng ldi gido due xtfa, tri dao 1^ truyen thd'ng cda dan tde Thtfc te lich sfl da chflng minh, ngfldi phu nff chiu anh htfdng eua Nho gido tM Mfly mu, net na, dtfe hanh Tuy nMen, mat Hdi ciia hpc thuye "Tam tdng, M dtfc" da gieo vdo ngtfdi dau dc dia vi, M Mdng gia trtfdng, stf phan biet dang cap; ngtfdi phu nff qud le thupc vao ngtfdi ddn dng, hp bi cpt chat vdo Knh viic gia dinh ma khdng cd dieu kien phdt huy tai ndng cung nhtf thtfc Men nhiing khao khdt chinh dang cua minh Ngtfdi phu nff d the ky XXI da c6 dieu kien xa hpi, gia dinh, ed quyen vd cd Hdch nMem de phdt huy tdi ndng, dtfc hanh cua minh Nhtfhg day cung Id thdi didm khae ngMet ciia kinh td thi Htfdng, dao dffc, pham hanh cua phu nff bi thfl Mdeh gay gat Day Mifc sfl la mpt cuoc da'u Hanh day phtfc tap giffa nhiftig didu tdt dep va nhuiig edi xa'u xa Trong eude da'u Hanh nay, ddi hdi ngtfdi phu nff phai giff gin dtfde nhiing dtfc tinh qu5' bdu cua dan tde, ddng thdi phat trien trinh dp, kien thtfc, chuan mtfc Men dai Trong dd, nhffng gid Hi tich ciic cua pham trii "Ttf dtfc" se gdp phan giup ngtfdi phu nff Viet Nam Men vtfdn tdi ve dep hoan tMen, phil hdp vdi thdi dai, xulig ddng vdi tdm chff vang ma Chu tich Ho CM Mmh tdng: "Anh hflng Ba't khua't - Trung hau - Dam dang" MM HE ... nhfl edi hom) Ve tinh chat trfle tid^p, ngfldi phu nff tao Meu qua kinh te khdng kem so vdi nam gidi Ngay nay, phu nff da khang dinh dfldc vai trd vd vi tri cfla minh ta't ea cdc linh vfle: kinh... thdi stf cfla VTV3 Dai truyen Mnh Viet Nam phat 9-3-2005, thdi gian thflc Men cdng viee gia dinh cfla ngfldi phu nff len tdi gid 30 phut/ngay (trong kM nam gidi la gid 30 phflt) va ngfldi phu... sdn", Vdi ngtfdi phu nff Men nay, cdi net khdng "danh chet edi dep" Cai net vd cdi dep cflng "cdng hfldng", giflp cho ngfldi phu nff mpt dep hdn, todn dien hdn Ngdy nay, npi ham cfla cdi Dep dfldc