^ ^ ^ ^ The flidi: Van de - Su kien •/'"•' m'i ;U ^ ':• Tap chi Cpnfp sdn '- »•» TRIEN VONG HINH THANH CONG DONG ASEAN VA VAI TRO CUA VllT NAM i;iM! PHAM THI THANH BINH Cong dong ASEAN quyet tdm "chuyen su da dgng ve vdn hda vd su khde Met cua ASEAN thdnh thinh vugng vd cdc co hgi phdt trien cong bang mot moi trudng dodn kit, tu cuong khu vuc vd hoa hgp " Muc tieu md ASEAN dang hudng tdi Id mgt gia dinh cdc ddn tgc Dong Nam A ddm bgc, giup dd ldn Cling phdt trien Tam nhin 2020 , Tam nhin 2020, dua diing vao liic bao khiing hoang tai chinh chau A 1997 tan cdng dii ddi nhieu nudc ASEAN, la van kien danh dau budc chuyen minh cua ASEAN ttr y tudng xay dung cdng ddng sang muc tieu hudng tdi Cdng ddng Khi Cdng ddng ASEAN dugc hinh thanh, Ddng Nam A se la mdt khu vuc hda binh, tu va trung lap, cac tranh chap ve lanh thd ciing nhu cac khae biet khae se dugc giai quyet bang bien phap hda binh Lien ket kinh te ASEAN se chat che hon qua viec lap Khu vuc Mau dich tu ASEAN (AFTA), Khu vtrc diu tu (AIA); cac mang ludi dudng bd, nang lugng ASEAN dugc hinh thanh; se cd su hgp tac chat che hon ve thi trudng vdn va tien te; Idioang each phat trien giira cac vien dugc thu hep ASEAN se trd mgt khu vuc kinh td phat trien nang ddng, bin vung, cd sue canh tranh cao va se trd mdt td chirc cd khudn khd phap ly chat che hon Ben canh ban sac rieng cua mdi dan tdc dugc gin giir, ban sac chung ciia ASEAN se hinh ASEAN se cd quan he rdng md vdi ben ngoai, cd vai trd quan trgng tren cac dien dan qudc te, cd quan he cang tang vdi tat ea cae ben ddi thoai, cac td chirc qudc te va khu vuc khae Cong ddng Chinh tri - An ninh (APSC) hoat ddng dua tren nguyen tac "tdn trgng ddc lap, chu quyen, binh dang, toan ven lanh thd va ban sac dan tdc ctia tat ca cac qudc gia vien" va dugc tri nhu la nen tang ciia hgp tac chinh tri - an ninh Khi APSC hinh se dua hgp tac an ninh - chinh tri ASEAN tdi giai doan phat trien Tuy nhien, ASEAN chua the chuyen sang giai doan trugng cua mdt cdng ddng an ninh dd cd sir hien dien the che hda cao va d cap hinh mdt chinh phii sieu qudc gia • TS, Vien Kinh te va Chinh tri thS gidi So 817 (thang 11 nam 2010) 87 Thd gioi: Van d§ - Str kien Ndi dung chinh ciia cdng ddng chinh tri - an ninh ASEAN duge cac vien ASEAN thdng nhit tai Hdi nghi cap cag Vieng Chan nam 2009, bao gdm: Thd nhdt, thiie day khai niem an ninh toan dien vdi cac khia canh ve chinh tri, kinh te, van hda - xa hdi, nhung khdng nham hinh mdt khdi quan su hoac hen minh quan su Thd hai tdn trgng cac nguyen tic chii dag ctia ASEAN nhu quydt dinh bing ddng thuan, tdn trgng ddc lap, chti quyen, khdng de dga su dung vu luc, giai quyet hda binh cac tranh chap Thd ba, tiep tuc de cao va phat huy cac co che va cdng cu san cd ciia ASEAN ve hgp tac chinh tri - an ninh, san sang md rdng quan he hgp tac vdi cac nudc be ban va cac ben ddi tac nham thiie day hda binh va dn dinh khu vuc Cdng ddng Chinh tri - An ninh ASEAN se nham dua hgp tac chinh tri - an ninh ASEAN len tam cao mdi, hudng tdi bao dam hda binh lau dai va virng chae cho nhan dan cac nudc vien, qua dd gdp phan tao dung mdi trudng khu vtrc va the gidi hda binh, cdng bang va hda hgp Trong tien trinh lap APSC, cac nudc ASEAN da lap cac co che hgp tac, trudc hdt la hgp tac linh vuc an ninh phi truyin thdng Khdng cd qudc gia nao cd the mdt minh giai quyet dugc cac vin dl phat sinh tham hoa ma khdng cd hgp tac Hgp tac da phucmg la khudn khd tdt nhat de giai quyet cac thach thirc an ninh phi truyin thdng, nhu cuu hd ciiu nan hay khae phuc tham hga Cac nudc vien ASEAN dang hgp tac hudng tdi lap mdt cdng ddng chung Vi vay, d n nd luc, phdi hgp vdi de cd mdt eg chd hgp tac da phuong hieu qua Cong ddng Kinh ti (AEC) nhim muc tieu hudng tdi ca ba md hinh hen minh thud quan, thi trudng chung va lien minh kinh td Tuy nhien, AEC lai khdng dap irng dugc hoan toan tat ca cac tieu chuan ciia cac md hinh AEC chua the hien xu hudng tidn ddn md hinh 88 S6 817 (thang 11 nam 2010) T ^ p chf c a n g soin cao nhit ciia hdi nhap kinh td la hen minh kinh td ASEAN dang phdi hgp va xay dtmg cac chinh sach chung cho khu vtrc nhu hudng tdi lap Cua ngd Hai quan true tuydn ASEAN (ASEAN e-Customs), Hiep dinh Bao quat vl diu tu ASEAN (ACIA) AEC dang budc tit tu hinh hen minh thud quan sang lap thi trudng chung Cdng ddng Kinh td ASEAN nhim hudng tdi xay dung thi trudng nhat, ca sd san xuit thdng nhat cua ASEAN, dd hang hda, dich vu, nhan lire va vdn Itm thdng tu ASEAN da dua mgt ke hoach tdng the bao gdm nhieu bien phap hgp tac de xay dung AEC, dd cd hudng tdi xay dung thi trudng don nhat va co sd san xuat chung; tao dung khu vuc kinh te canh tranh; bao dam phat trien kinh te can ddi va hdi nhap cdng vdi kinh te toan cau Cong dong Vdn hda - Xd hoi (ASCC) chiem mdt vi tri dac biet tien trinh xay dung cdng ddng ciia ASEAN Ke hoach Tdng the ve linh vuc hudng tdi xay dung mdt edng ddng ASEAN lay nhan dan lam trung tam, xay dung mdt ASEAN diim bge, tuong than tuong ai, vugt qua nhung khd khan va thach thirc ciia qua trinh tgan cau hda Muc tieu quan trgng nhat ciia ASCC la thiic day tien bd xa hdi va xay dung ban sac chung ASEAN Tuy nhien, kd hoach tdng the ASCC chii yeu tap trung vao cac chuong trinh giao due nang cao nhan thirc va hieu biet ve su da dang ve van hda, lich sir, the che cua cac qudc gia ASEAN Trong dd, ban sic ehung ASEAN van chua dugc xay dung khai niem rd rang Vi vay, muc tieu "hda nhap da dang" ciia ASCC thi mat "da dang" vin rd net hon mat "hda nhap" Trien vong ' ^ Trien vgng hinh Cdng ddng ASEAN phu thugc vao qua trinh lap ba tru cot ddi: Van dd - Su kien chinh cua Cdng ddng ASEAN Qua trinh xay dung APSC dang gap nhilu khd khan: Thd nhdt, nhihig vin dl co ban, phin nao mang tinh quydt dinh quatiinhxay dung Cdng ddng an ninh, nhu thay ddi nguyen tic khdng can thiep vao cdng viec ndi bd cua nhau,tienhanh dang kiem vu ASEAN, lap lire lugng gin giir hda binh thudng true ciia ASEAN van gay nhieu tranh cai va de dga tinh doan ket, hgp tac trgng ASEAN Thd hai cac nudc vien van lo ngai tac ddng cua APSC den quan he vdi cae nudc ddi thgai, dac biet la cac nudc ldn Hien eac nudc ASEAN dang dirng trudc nhiing thach thirc ve an ninh phi truyen thdng nhu khung bd, cudp bien, ddi phd su bien ddi hau, dich benh Qua trinh xay dung AEC cung phai ddi mat vdi ba trd ngai ldn Mot Id, van de khoang each phat trien Van de khae biet ve dinh lugng (GNP, GDP binh quan diu ngudi ) ed the khae phuc theo thdi gian, nhung nhirng khae biet ve chat (the che, chinh sach ) thi khdng de dang Hai Id, thi trudng ASEAN la mdt thi tnrdng "cdng" chu khdng hoan toan "hda nhap" eiia tat ca thi trudng cac nudc vien, vdi nhirng chinh sach kinh te khdng cdng khai, phat trien d nhieu cap do, lai chu yeu hudng ben ngoai chir khdng phai vao thi trudng ndi khdi Ba Id, ASEAN khdng cd mdt nen kinh te dau tau va mdt ddng tien manh de dan dat khu vuc Trong dd, vien canh mdt "Cdng ddng kinh td Ddng A" lai td hap dan hon AEC khu vuc cd hai nen kinh te ldn la Nhat Ban va Trung Qudc De Cgng dong ASEAN trd,thdnh hien thuc, ASEAN cdn su dong thudn vd no luc cua tdt cd cdc nudc thdnh vien, tiing budc dua Tdm nhin vdo ehuong trinh hdnh dgng cu the T a p chf C o n g s n Qua trinh xay dung ASCC ciing dang gap phai nhiing thach thire khdng nhd Thd nhdt, su khae biet ve che chinh tri va he tu tudng giira cac nudc ASEAN la mdt trd ngai khdng de gi vugt qua Dieu co the tao phan cue ehinh tri hay tri tinh trang ldng leo hen ket cac xa hdi ASEAN Thd hai su tdn tai nhieu cap dan chu va su qua da dang ve tdn giao, sac tdc se It nhieu can trd lien kdt van hda - xa hdi ASEAN Cac thach thirc khdng the giai quyet bang nd lire cua mdi qudc gia rieng le ma ddi hdi su hgp tac chat che giira cac nudc khu vuc va cdng ddng qudc te De tien tdi dugc Cdng ddng ASEAN la khd khan, nhtmg vdi quyet tam, ASEAN hieu rd ring khdng cd su lira ehgn nao khae la phai gan ket, dung sire manh tap the ddi trgng lai cac siic ep ben nggai Ben canh nhirng khd khan, thach thirc, ASEAN Cling cd nhieu diem thuan lgi de thuc hien udc mg tien tdi Cdng ddng Thd nhdt, ve kinh te, cac chuong trinh hgp tac kinh te da cd la nhirng nen tang tdt cho nhirng budc tien xa hon tien trinh lien ket kinh te Thd hai ve an ninh - ehinh tri, cac tranh chap song phuong va da phuong giira cac nudc vien da dugc giai quyet phan nag, va cae quy tac irng xu dugc trai nghiem thuc te phat trien ciia Hiep hdi la nhirng eg sd virng chae tien tdi mdt hen ket an ninh Thd ba, cac chuong trinh hgp tac va hen ket da tao dieu kien de cac qudc gia vien hieu bidt sau sac ban ve ban sac va truyen thdng van hda ciia cac dan tdc, dd la thuan lgi can ban chg viec xay dung hen ket van hda - xa hdi ASEAN Thd tu, ASEAN da cd cac ca chd thiic day hgp tac va khdng ngung dugc hoan thien Hien chuong ASEAN da ddi, eac hdi ddng Cdng ddng da dugc lap, va cac Kd hoach tdng the va De cuong cu the xay dung APSC, AEC ya ASCC dang dugc tridn khai, dd la nhirng nen tang ca ban chg nilm tin vao hien thuc S6 817 (thang 11 nam 2010) 89 Thd gioi: V^n d§ - Su kien De Cdng ddng ASEAN trd hien thuc, ASEAN d n sir ddng thuan va nd lire ciia tat ca eac nudc vien, tirng budc dua Tim nhin vag chuong trinh hanh ddng eu the Viee xay dung Cdng ddng danh diu giai doan phat trien mdi cua hgp tac ASEAN Hiep hdi da sin sang cho mdt bude tidn cao hon bdi xay dung Cdng ddng se giiip ASEAN cd ndi lire manh me de md rdng hdi nhap va lien ket vdi ngoai ASEAN, giup ASEAN cd tidng ndi va ttr tin ban tiong ddi thoai va hgp tac vdi cac nudc ddi tac, trd mdt nhan td khdng chi hip din ma cdn quan trgng, khdng ehi d khu vtrc Ddng Nam A ma ca khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong Tuy nhien, xay dung Cdng ddng ASEAN chua phai la budc tien cao nhat va chua phai la diem diing ciia hen ket ASEAN Vai tro cua Viet Nam Viet Nam la mdt thtrc thd quan trgng cd vai trd cang tang cgng ddng ASEAN Trong ba tru cot chinh ciia Cdng ddng ASEAN, thi y tudng lap Cdng ddng Van hda - Xa hgi la sang kien cua Viet Nam Ngay sau Viet Nam gia nhap ASEAN (nam 1995), ASEAN da cd nhirng chuyen bien ldn ca ve chat va lugng Viec Viet Nam tham gia td chirc da keo theo Lao, Cam-pu-chia va My-an-ma, giiip ASEAN trd mgt hiep hdi hiing manh vdi 10 vien Sir tham gia ciia Viet Nam ciing lam thay ddi ban chat lan phuong hudng phat trien cua ASEAN, khien td chire trd mgt dien dan hiiu nghi va hgp tac thuc sir Cac nd lire ciia Viet Nam da gdp phan bien ASEAN mgt nhan td quan trgng ddi vdi hda binh, dn dinh, hgp tac, va phat trien d khu vuc va the gidi Viet Nam ciing da giiip bien Hiep udc Hiru nghi va Hgp tac (TAC) mdt bd luat hanh vi irng xir, khdng chi phuc vu cho cac quan he 90 S6 817 (thang 11 nam 2010) T a p chf c a n g s ^ n ndi bd ASEAN ma cdn vdi ca cac vien ngoai hiep hdi Muc tieu cua Viet Nam nam 2010 la thiic day ddi thoai, xay dung nguyen tac iing xir, xay dung ca chd giai quydt tranh chap Tat ca nhiing dieu dd se gdp phin xay dung nen tang cho mdt Cdng ddng Chinh tri - An ninh, tru edt ehinh qua trinh hinh mdt Cdng ddng ASEAN vao nam 2015 Vdi vai trd la Chii tich ASCC, Viet Nam ciing vdi cac nudc cdng ddng da dua cac sang kien nham thiic day hon niia viec thtrc hien Ke hoach tdng the ciia ASCC Dd la tap trung vao ba linh vtrc uu tien: ddi phd vdi thach thiic toan cau; nang cao chit lugng ngudn nhan luc cho phuc hdi va phat trien kinh td; thiic day phat trien phiic lgi xa hdi cho phu nir va tre em ASEAN Trong 15 nam tham gia Hiep hdi, Viet Nam dang nd luc hdt minh de gdp phan day nhanh viec hoan muc tieu xay dung Cgng ddng ASEAN nhu da dl Vdi tu each nudc Chii tich ASEAN 2010, Viet Nam ddng vai trd quan trgng viec de xuit dinh hudng hgp tac va boat ddng ciia ASEAN sudt nam 2010 Viet Nam tap trung vao cae uu tien nhu thue diy doan kdt va hgp tac ASEAN, day manh hen kdt khu vuc nhim hien thuc hda muc tieu xay dtmg Cdng ddng ASEAN, hoan tit viec dua Hidn chuong ASEAN vao cugc sdng; md rdng va tang cudng hon nua quan he hgp tac toan dien giira ASEAN vdi cac ben ddi tac; cung ed va tri vai trd quan trgng ciia ASEAN tai cac khudn khd hgp tac khu vtrc, ddng gdp cho hda binh, dn dinh va phat trien d khu vtrc chau A - Thai Binh Duong Hidn chuong ASEAN (cd hieu luc tii 15-12-2008) da danh diu budc chuydn minh ciia ASEAN, tii mdt td chirc khu vuc cd mire hgp tac ldng leo mdt td chiic hen chinh phu, boat ddng dua tren cac quy tic, nguyen tic phap ly va co cau td chire bd may T p p chf C o n g sAn Thg gioi: v a n dh - Su kien chat che; la ca sd ddng gdp hiru hieu vao qua trinh xay dung Cdng ddng cua ASEAN, tang cudng doan kdt, thiic day hgp tac giira cac nude khu vuc Theo Hidn chuong ASEAN, muc tieu uu tien tiirdc mat cua Hiep hdi la xay dung mdt Cdng ddng ASEAN doan kdt, virng chic, dua tren cac luat le quy tae Viet Nam khong chi dam nhiem tot vai tro Chu tich ASEAN tren cdc dien ddn doi thogi todn cdu md cdn ddng gdp A \ ' O rat nhieu thdnh cong viec to chuc cdc hgi nghi cap cao cua ASEAN, cdc hgi nghi chuyen ngdnh vd nhieu hogt dgng cgng dong cd y nghia quan trgng gdp phdn ndng cao tdm dnh hudng vd uy tin cua Viet Nam ndi rieng vd cdc nudc ASEAN ndi chung tren todn the gidi chung, lam ddng lire cl^o gia tang lien ket khu vtrc, nang cao vai trd cua ASEAN cac tien trinh khu vtrc ciing nhu tren trudng qudc td Ddng gdp ciia Viet Nam vao qua trinh xay dung Cdng ddng ASEAN dugc the hien rd tren nhung khia canh chinh sau: Thd nhdt, cd vai trd quan trgng dua hai nhdm nudc ASEAN xich lai gan nhd vi tri dia - chinh tri va qua tiinh lieh su ciia Viet Nam tao Viet Nam da ddng gdp ldn viec xay dung Tuyen bd ve each irng xir cua cac ben d Bien Ddng (DOC) va thdc day sdm xay dung Bd quy tac irng xir d Bien Ddng (COC) Thd hai giiip ASEAN tri doan ket, hgp tac va cung cd vi the qudc te liic Hiep hdi d nhirng thdi diem khd khan tac ddng ciia cude khung hoang kinh td tai chinh nam 1997 va cugc khiing hoang kinh td toan d u nam 2008; thdng qua Chuong trinh Hanh ddng Ha Ndi (HPA) dd thuc hien Tam nhin ASEAN 2020 Thd ba, ve tam cd kinh te, so vdi cac qudc gia khae khu vuc,Viet Nam da dat dugc tdc dd tang trudng kinh te cag, ludn xac dinh cd trach nhiem viec hoan cac cam ket ciia minh Viet Nam da vugt len nhdm cac nudc Cam-pu-chia, Lao, My-an-ma ASEAN tao nen mdt miic mdi ASEAN Viet Nam da trai qua giai doan khd khan va dang chuyen ddi sang nen kinh te thi tnrdng vdi khdng It cdng da dat dugc Viet Nam ciing la qudc gia thoat ngheo nhanh nhat nen de thuyet phuc nudc khae Cung vdi nhiing tuu phat trien kinh te, su tich cue, chu ddng hdi nhap khu vtrc va the gidi, vi the Viet Nam dang len Viet Nam dang la mdt nhung qudc gia tien phong, di dau ASEAN Trong vai trd Chu tich ASEAN nam 2010, Viet Nam da va dang thtrc Men tdt vai trd Chii tich cua minh tham gia cac dien dan qudc te quan trgng nhu Hdi nghi Bd tiirdng ngoai giao ASEAN - EU, Hdi nghi ASEAN - Hgi ddng hgp tac viing Vinh, Dien dan kinh te the gidi Ddng A Viet Nam khdng chi dam nhiem tdt vai trd Chu tich ASEAN tren cac dien dan ddi thoai toan cau ma cdn ddng gdp rat nhieu cdng viec td chirc cac hdi nghi cap cao ciia ASEAN, cac hdi nghi chuyen nganh va nhieu boat ddng cdng ddng cd y nghia quan trgng gdp phan nang cao tam anh hudng va uy tin ciia Viet Nam ndi rieng va cac nudc ASEAN ndi ehung tren tgan the gidi De Cdng ddng ASEAN hoan muc tieu de ddi hdi su chung tay ddng gdp siic cua ca Hiep hdi mdt qua trinh dai lau Vdi vai trd ciia minh, Viet Nam dang cd gIng ddng gdp thiet thtrc va hieu qua nhim tao them xung lire day gudng quay cua ASEAN chuyen dgng manh hon, tien gan hon den muc tieu xay dung Cdng ddng ASEAN vao nam 2015.0 So 817 (thang 11 nam 201©) 91 ... the gidi, vi the Viet Nam dang len Viet Nam dang la mdt nhung qudc gia tien phong, di dau ASEAN Trong vai trd Chu tich ASEAN nam 2010, Viet Nam da va dang thtrc Men tdt vai trd Chii tich cua... trgng cd vai trd cang tang cgng ddng ASEAN Trong ba tru cot chinh ciia Cdng ddng ASEAN, thi y tudng lap Cdng ddng Van hda - Xa hgi la sang kien cua Viet Nam Ngay sau Viet Nam gia nhap ASEAN (nam 1995),... em ASEAN Trong 15 nam tham gia Hiep hdi, Viet Nam dang nd luc hdt minh de gdp phan day nhanh viec hoan muc tieu xay dung Cgng ddng ASEAN nhu da dl Vdi tu each nudc Chii tich ASEAN 2010, Viet Nam