TRIET HOC, SO (230), THANG 7-2010 KE THUTA VA PHAT HUY TINH THAN KHOAN DUNG HO CHI IVIINH TRONG XAY DUNG DONG THUAN XA HOI VA DAI DOAN KET DAN TOC NGUY£N T A N HUNG (*) Khoan dung, nhdn di Id truyen thong tdt dep cua ddn tgc Viet Nam Tren cC sd ke thda truyin thdng khoan dung ciia ddn tgc ket hgp vdi chgn lgc vd tiep thu tinh hoa vdn hoa nhdn loqi, ddc biet Id tinh thdn nhdn vdn cgng sdn cua chu nghla Mdc - Lenin ChU tich Ho Chi Minh dd ldm phong phu them tit tUdng khoan dung truyin thdng, ndng tU tiidng dy len mgt tdm cao mdi - vdn hoa khoan dung Ho Chi Minh Tit tttdng khoan dung Ho Chi Minh Id bdi hgc ldn do'i vdi nhdn ddn ta qud trinh ddi mdi, thiic Men cong nghiep hoa, hien dqi hoa dd't niidc, hoa nhdp vdo xu the phdt trien chung cua nhdn loqi Kethtia vd phdt trien tinh thdn khoan dung Ho Chi Minh Id diiu kien quan trgng, Idnhdn tdccf bdn di xdy dUng dong thudn xd hgi vd dqi dodn ket ddn tgc d Viet Nam hien Vno^ he ky XX - mdt t h e ky day bien ddng vdi cac cugc each m a n g r u n g chuyen IS the gidi, l a m t h a y dd'i sd' p h a n eac dan tdc The ky XX cung la t h e ky cua h a n g t r a m cugc chien t r a n h ldn nhd m a tieu bieu la h a i cugc dai chien the gidi k h u n g khiep, dd l i n d a u tien bom nguyen tfl dfldc dfla r a sfl d u n g de h u y diet loai ngfldi Cdn h a i hflng trfldc vu k h i giet ngfldi h a n g loat cdn chfla qua khdi thi loai ngfldi lai d a n g p h a i dd'i phd vdi mgt de dga mdi: sfl kich ddng va trdi day cua nhflng tfl tfldng cflc doan, p h a t xit, chu nghia k h u n g bd', ehien t r a n h sac tdc, tdn giao, n a n ky t h i chung tgc, cd nguy cd keo loai ngfldi vao vdng xoay eua mdt cdn Id'c bao lflc mdi Trong bd'i c a n h ay, bfldc vao the ky XXI, n h a n loai k h d n g ed k h a t vgng nao khac hdn, ldn hdn la dfldc sd'ng hda binh, hflu nghi, hieu biet va thdng cam l i n n h a u , chap n h a n sfl k h a c biet de eung hdp tac va p h a t trien Vi v^y, n a n g eao hdn nfla ldng k h o a n d u n g la n h i e m vu eua toan n h a n loai Viet N a m la mgt d a n tdc yeu chugng hda binh, cd t r u y e n thd'ng k h o a n dung, n h a n nghia, hda hieu Chu tich Hd Chi M i n h da tflng ndi: "Dan tdc t a la mdt d a n tdc giau ldng ddng t i n h va bae ai"(l) va chinh Ngfldi la dinh cao, la t i n h hoa ciia t i n h t h i n k h o a n dung, n h a n Viet N a m Tfl tfldng k h o a n d u n g Hd Chi M i n h la s a n p h a m eua sfl k e t hdp n h u i n n h u y e n nhflng gia tri t r u y e n thd'ng Viet N a m vdi t i n h hoa v a n hda n h a n loai Hd Chi M i n h khdng nhflng da k e thfla t r u y e n thd'ng k h o a n dung, n h a n eua d a n tde Viet N a m , m a cdn n a n g t r u y e n thd'ng ay len t a m cao mdi b a n g viec k e t hdp nd vdi ehu nghia n h a n v a n edng s a n eua ehu nghia Mac - Lenin C h i n h chu n g h i a n h a n v a n ay la n h a n to' tao n e n bfldc ngoat ve chat qua t r i n h h i n h t h a n h va p h a t trien (*) Tien si, TrUdng Dai hpc Su pham The due the thao, Tp Hd Chi Minh (1) Hd Chi Minh Todn tap, t.4 Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2000, tr 160 17 NGUYEN TAN HUNG tu tudng Hd Chi Minh Khoan dung chinh la diem ndi bat nhat tU tudng nhan van Hd Chi Minh Cd the khang dinh, tU tudng khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la bai hgc ldn ddi vdi nhan dan ta qua trinh ddi mdi dat nUdc, hda nhap vao xu the phat trien chung ciia nhan loai Ke thfla va phat trien tinh than khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la dieu kien quan trgng, la nhan td ed ban de xay dflng ddng thuan xa hgi va dai doan ke't dan tde d Viet Nam hien Dac trifng cd ban cua tvt tt^d^ng khoan dung Ho Chi Minh Khoan dung khdng phai la net rieng ciia dan tdc hay dan tdc khac, ma dfldc hinh tfl lich sfl eua nhieu dan tde cude mflu sinh va bao ve pham gia cua minh Dd'i vdi dan tdc Viet Nam, tinh t h i n va thai khoan dung da hinh tfl rat sdm va the hien sinh hoat cdng ddng, each flng xfl, quan he bang giao vdi cac nfldc, viee tiep thu nhflng tinh hoa van hda cua cae dan tde khac O phfldng dien dao dflc hay sinh hoat tdn giao, quin chung nhan dan ddi chu ddng ddn nhan eai mdi (chfl khdng chi thu ddng chd ddi tin hieu tfl nha cim quyen), sang lgc va cai bien cho phu hdp vdi dao dflc, ld'i sd'ng, phong tuc tap quan cua minh; ddng thdi, san sang, bang each hay each khac, phan flng cac ehuan mflc dao dflc, cac tieu chi chinh tri cd tinh ap dat, cflng nhic cua ngoai bang Cd the tim thay bang chflng sinh ddng cua thai khoan dung qua trinh ngfldi Viet tiep can Nho giao va Phat giao Nho giao du nhap vao Viet Nam thoat d i u theo chan quan xam Ifldc phfldng Bac, nhflng vdi thdi gian, chiu sfl tham dinh ciia sinh hoat cdng 18 ddng, mgt mat, nd dfldc t i n g ldp tri thflc nfldc ta sfl dung d binh dien dao dflc, ld'i sdng, due ket nhflng bai hge phd quat ve ren luyen nhan each va tri thflc; mat khdc, nd dfldc cac trieu dai phong kien Viet Nam van dung vao viec cung ed' cae dinh che phap luat, bao dam d'n dinh xa hdi Cflng vdi Nho giao, cac tflu khae eua van hda Trung Qud'c cung de lai dau an dam net phong each sang tae, tfl duy, bd sung vao he thd'ng flng xfl ciia ngfldi Viet Nam sud't nhieu the ky Phat giao vdi he thd'ng ly luan kha chat che va mdt triet ly nhan sinh giau tinh vi tha, bac da dfldc eac t i n g ldp nhan dan ddn nhan, lam phong phu them van hda tam linh cua minh Nhfl vay, ed the ndi rang hdi nhap cd ehgn lgc cac gia tri tfl ben ngoai vao ddi sd'ng eua ngfldi Viet Nam la dflc tinh cd hflu eua ngfldi Viet Nam, trai qua thfl thach qua trinh dflng nfldc va gifl nfldc (j dan tde ta, rat hiem thay cd thai cflc doan, chd'i bd theo kieu "vd dua ca nim", hay xua't phat tfl mac cam cua dan nhfldc tieu ma cui minh trfldc cac dai qud'c de dfldc yen than Dd cd the ggi la truyen thd'ng khoan dung Viet Nam Trong thdi trung dai, tinh than dd the hien d tU tudng nhan nghia cua Nguyen Trai va ve sau, thdi ky khang ehien chd'ng thUe dan Phap va de qud'c My, tinh t h i n ay dUdc the hien, phat huy va nang len mdt chat lUdng mdi d tU tudng nhan van Hd Chi Minh Ngay Dang ta da tiep tue phat huy truyen thd'ng khoan dung Viet Nam ma dinh eao la tU tudng khoan dung Hd Chi Minh cdng eudc ddi mdi, thUe hien cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nUdc vi muc tieu dan giau, nUde manh, xa hdi cdng bing, dan chu, van minh KE THUA VA PHAT HUY TINH THAN KHOAN DUNG HO CHI MINH Khoan dung, trUde het la thfla nhan va tdn trgng sfl khac ve thien hfldng, nhan each, niem tin cua nhflng ngfldi mgt cdng ddng dan tgc; la chap nhan sfl khac biet ve van hda, tdn giao, tin ngfldng, gifla eac dan tgc khae de eung tdn tai va phat trien hda binh Khoan dung la hai hda khac biet, la hge each nghe, each thdng tin, each hieu ngfldi khae de chia se, cam thdng, miin la nhflng khae khdng ed hai gi eho ldi ich ehung eua cdng ddng Khoan dung ddi hdi phai dUdc xay dUng tren cac nguyen tic: edng ly, ehinh nghia, tU do, binh dang, tien bg, nd chd'ng lai mgi thai ky thi, cudng tin, giao dieu eung nhU mgi thda hiep, nhan nhUdng vd nguyen t i e vdi tdi ac, bat cdng, vdi tat ea eai gi cha dap len eae quyen ed ban cua mdi ngUdi, mdi dan tgc Khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la sU tiep thu cd ehgn lgc cae gia tri eua nhan loai va dan tde, ddng thdi la sU cai bien va phat trien cae gia tri dd len mdt chat lUdng mdi, he thd'ng va hoan chinh dUdi anh sang cua chii nghia Mae - Lenin Cd the khai quat tu tudng khoan dung Hd Chi Minh may dac trUng cd ban sau day: Thff nhdt, khoan dung Hd Chi Minh da ket hdp dUdc lUdng tri eua ea nhan minh vdi lUdng tri dan tdc va lUdng tri thdi dai de dat tdi sU hai hda gifla ca nhan, dan tde va nhan loai Ngfldi da thflc hien sfl ket hdp gifla dau tranh giai phdng dan tde minh vdi dau tranh giai phdng eac dan tdc khac khdi cae the life thd'ng tri, bde lot, thflc hien tinh yeu thfldng va bac Vi vay, loai ngfldi tien bd da tim thay d Hd Chi Minh bieu tfldng eao dep eua Ifldng tri thdi dai Thff hai, khoan dung Hd Chi Minh da ket hdp chat ehe tinh cam ndng nan va ly tri sang sud't, dd da vfldt qua dfldc nhflng nhfldc diem va han ehe eua tinh t h i n khoan dung truyen thd'ng, nhfl thien ve tinh cam kieu "yeu nen td't, ghet nen xau", mau sac dang cap eua khoan dung Nho giao, ld'i an phan, nhan nhuc cua khoan dung Phat giao nguyen thuy Thff ba, khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la sU the hien niem tin vao p h i n td't dep, p h i n thien mdi ngUdi NgUdi da truyen cho chung ta cai nhin lac quan ve ngUdi: "Mdi ngUdi deu ed thien va ac d long Ta phai biet lam eho p h i n td't mdi ngUdi nd nhU hoa mua xuan va p h i n xau bi mat d i n di, dd la thai cua ngUdi each mang Dd'i vdi nhflng ngUdi cd thdi hU tat xau, trfl hang ngfldi phan lai Td qud'c va nhan dan, ta cung phai giup hg tien bd bing each lam cho eai p h i n thien ngfldi nd de day lui p h i n ac, chfl khdng phai dap eho tdi bdi"(2) NgUdi tin ring, vdi sflc manh cam hda cua each mang va cua giao due, nhflng ngfldi nhat thdi l i m dfldng, lac ld'i van cd the cai tao, vfldn len va trd ed ich cho xa hdi, bdi "hien, dfl phai dau la tinh san, p h i n nhieu giao due ma nen" Thff tu, khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la sfl tdn trgng dd'i vdi mgi gia tri khae biet van hda nhan loai, la khdng ngflng md rdng de thau hda nhflng yeu td' tich cflc, tie'n bd va nhan van eua the gidi de lam giau eho van hda Viet Nam; ddng thdi, chap nhan giao lflu va dd'i thoai binh dang de dat den sfl ddng thuan, cung phat trien Trong mdt the gidi ed giao lUu, tdn tai gifla cai ehung va cai rieng, gifla cai ddng nhat va di biet, (2) Hd Chi Minh Sdd., t.l2, tr.558 19 NGUYEN TAN HUNG Hd Chi Minh chap nhan dd'i thoai ve gia tri de tim cai chung, cai nhan loai Ngfldi ndi: "Tuy phong tue mdi dan mdi khac, nhflng cd mdt dieu thi dan nao cung gid'ng Ay la dan nao cung fla sfl lanh, ghet sfldfl"(3) Thff ndm, khoan dung Hd Chi Minh dfldc xay dflng tren nguyen tie cdng ly, chinh nghia, til do, binh ding, khdng chap nhan thda hiep vd nguyen tie vdi tdi ac va bat cdng xa hdi hoac vdi nhflng gi cha dap len quyen sd'ng, quyen tfl va quyen mflu ciu hanh phuc eua mdi ngfldi va mdi dan tdc Khi chu nghia thflc dan dung bao life de dan ap thi khdng cd each nao khae la phai dung bao life each mang de gianh va gifl chinh quyen Ngfldi ndi: "Nhan la that tha yeu thfldng, he't ldng giup dd ddng chi, ddng bao Vi the ma kien quye't chd'ng lai nhflng ngfldi, nhflng viee cd hai de'n Dang, den nhan dan"(4) Trong bflc thfl Giti ddng bdo mien Nam, ngUdi Phdp vd the gidi, Ngfldi viet: "Chinh phu va nhan dan Viet Nam kien quyet cdng tac that tha vdi ngfldi Phap Song phai gifl chii quyen cua Td qud'c, cin hy sinh thi cung phai kien quyet hy sinh"(5) Tdm lai, khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la sfl thdng nhat gifla Tam - Dflc - Tri Dd la mgt tinh than khoan dung dfldc xay dflng tren t i m van hda eao, ket hdp dfldc tinh cam vdi ly tri, nhan thflc va hanh ddng, yeu thfldng vdi dau tranh Sfl khoan dung nhfl vay da trd vdn hoa khoan dung Hd Chi Minh - mgt bfldc phat trien mdi cua tinh t h i n khoan dung Viet Nam Xay di^ng dong thuan xa hoi va dai doan ke't dan toe tren tinh than khoan dung Ho Chi Minh Ngay nay, ehung ta cin ke thfla va phat huy vdn hoa khoan dung Hd Chi Minh nhfl 20 the nao? Trong bd'i canh toan ciu hda vdi nhieu cd hdi md nhflng cung diy thach thflc va ca nhflng nguy cd, van hda khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la ngudn nudi dfldng, din dat, thuc day sfl phat trien cua tinh t h i n khoan dung Viet Nam - mdt nhan to' cd ban gdp phin vao xay dflng ddng thuan xa hdi va dai doan ket dan tde Ngfldi da day nhan dan ta phai doan ket rdng rai va chat che: "Nam ngdn tay cung ed ngdn vin ngdn dai Trong may trieu ngUdi cung cd ngUdi the the khac, nhUng the hay the khac deu ddng ddi cua td tien ta Vay nen ta phai khoan hdng dai Ta phai nhan ring da la Lac chau Hdng thi cung cd it hay nhieu ldng qud'c Ddi vdi nhflng ddng bao lac ld'i lim dfldng, ta phai lay tinh than ma cam hda hg Cd nhU the mdi dai doan ket, cd dai doan ket thi tUdng lai chae se ve vang"(6) Tren tinh thin dd, ddi vdi nhflng quan lai cu, Ngfldi eho ring, "ehung ta khdng nen dao bdi nhflng chuyen cu lam an mdi Ddi vdi nhflng ngfldi khdng nguy hiem lam, thi nen dung chinh sach cam hda, khoan dung, khdng nen bit bd lung tung, khdng nen tich thu vd ly, lam cho dan kinh khung"(7) Ngay ca vdi nhflng ngfldi tflng ed nd mau vdi each mang, vi ldi ich cua doan ke't qud'c gia, Ngfldi van td ro mdt tinh t h i n khoan dung dai Ifldng Ngfldi nhac nhd chung ta cin phai vfldt qua nhflng thien kie'n hep hdi: "Sdng to, bien rdng, thi bao nhieu nfldc cung chfla dfldc vi Ifldng cua nd rdng va sau Cai chen nhd, cai dia can thi mgt chut nfldc cung diy tran, vi Ifldng cua nd hep va nhd"(8) (3) Hd (4) Hd (5) Hd (6) Hd (7) Hd (8) Hd Chi Minh Sdd., Chi Minh Sdd., Chi Minh Sdd., Chi Minh Sdd., Chi Minh Sdd., Chi Minh Sdd., t.4, tr.350 t.5, tr.251-252 t.4, tr.458 t.4, tr.246 t.4, tr.20 t.S, tr.644 KE THUA VA PHAT HUY TINH THAN KHOAN DUNG HO CHI MINH Cd the ndi, chinh sach dai doan ket dan tgc va tam long khoan dung, Ifldng cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da lam that bai mgi am mflu chia re eua ke thu, da cam hda dfldc nhieu nhan si, tri thflc ed ten tudi, ke ea eac quan lai eao cap cua che cu, mdt ldng, mdt da di theo each mang de'n cung, khdng quan ngai gian khd, hy sinh nhfl Kham sai dai than Phan Ke Toai, Thfldng thfl Bui Bing Doan, Ddc ly Ha Ndi T r i n Van Lai va nhieu ngfldi khac Qua that, d Hd Chi Minh ludn toat len mgt tam ldng nhan bao la, mdt sfl khoan dung van hda eao ca, tran trgng eai p h i n thien dfl nhd nhat d mdi ngfldi Tinh t h i n khoan dung ciia Hd Chi Minh la sU ke tuc va phat trien truyen thd'ng nhan ai, bao dung ciia dan tgc qua hang ngan nam lieh sfl Tu tudng dd dUdc bieu hien nhat quan dUdng ld'i cua Dang va chinh saeh, phap luit cua Nha nUde; qua thai flng xfl eua Ngfldi dd'i vdi nhflng ngfldi lam viec vdi ehe cu, nhflng ngfldi lim lae, bang ta't ca sfl chan vi nghia ldn cua dan tdc Dd'i vdi Hd Chi Minh, khoan dung ehinh la mgt bieu hien sflc manh cua each mang, chi cd nhflng cugc each mang chan ehinh, dfldc ldng dan mdi ed sflc thuyet phue, cam hda trai tim va khd'i dc ciia quin chung, bao gdm ca nhflng ngfldi lim lac, chd'ng dd'i Tinh t h i n dd dfldc bieu hien bai phat bieu tai Hgi nghi dai bieu Mat tran Lien Viet toan qud'c, thang 1-1955: "Bat ky ma that tha tan hda binh, thd'ng nhat dde lap, dan chu thi du ngfldi dd trfldc day chd'ng chung ta, bay gid chung ta cung that tha, doan ket vdi hg"(9) Tinh t h i n khoan dung Hd Chi Minh dang dfldc Dang ta ke thfla va phat trien tinh hinh mdi cua dat nfldc Sfl nghiep edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda ddi hdi phai t^p hdp va ldi eud'n dfldc ddng dao cac t i n g ldp nhan dan tham gia, de lam cho dat nfldc giau manh, "sanh vai cflng vdi eac cfldng qud'c nam chau" the ky XXI Hien nay, nhfl Dang ta da nhan dinh, khd'i dai doan ket toan dan tdc, mdi quan he gifla Dang, Nha nUde va nhan dan ehUa that ben chat va dang dflng trfldc nhflng thaeh thflc mdi Do dd, de tao sfl ddng thuan xa hdi, ehung ta ein sflc hgc tap, bdi dfldng va phat trien tinh t h i n khoan dung Hd Chi Minh, coi day la nhan td' cd ban de xay dUng ddng thuan xa hdi va thUe hien dai doan ket dan tde Trong thdi ky qua ddj dang edn tdn tai nhieu hinh thflc sd hflu, nhieu p h i n kinh te, nhieu giai cap, t i n g ldp xa hdi khae nhau, thi cd' nhien ben eanh sfl thd'ng nhat ve muc tieu chung, van edn sfl khae ve nhflng muc tieu cu the va dd cung la dieu de hieu Do vay, khdng the de yeu ciu eao la phai dat tdi sfl nha't tri tuyet dd'i ve chinh tri va tinh t h i n cua toan xa hdi Nghi quyet Dai hdi Dang toan qud'c l i n thfl IX da khang dinh rd: "lay muc tieu gifl vflng dde lap, thd'ng nhat, vi dan giau, nfldc manh, xa hgi cdng bang, dan ehu, van minh lam diem tfldng ddng; tdn trgng nhflng y kien khae khdng trai vdi ldi ieh chung ciia dan tgc"(10) Tuy nhien, nhfl ddng chi Tdng Bi thfl Ndng Dflc Manh da phat bieu, "chung ta phai lam va se lam tat ca nhflng gi cin thie't de cac diem tfldng ddng cang dfldc phat huy va nhan len, nhflng diem (9) Hd Chi Minh Sdd, t.7, tr.487 (10) Dang Cong san Viet Nam Van kien Dqi hgi dqi bieu todn quo'c ldn thd IX Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2001, tr.123-124 21 NGUYEN TAN HUNG khae cang giam thieu"(ll), phai tang cfldng cdng tae chinh tri, tfl tfldng, nang cao trach nhiem cdng dan, xay dflng "sU ddng thugn xd hgi"{12) Hieu mdt each chung nhat, ddng thuan la ket qua eua sfl tfl giac, tfl nguyen ddng y cua mgi ngfldi vdi chfl khdng phai la ket qua cua sfl cfldng bflc Sif cfldng bflc hay ap dat du dfldi hinh thflc nao eung khdng tao dfldc sfl ddng thuan dieh thflc, hoac neu ed cung la trang thai ddng thuan gia tao vi nd khdng dfla tren ed sd tdn trgng quyen tfl cua mdi ea nhan Con ngfldi mgi thdi dai du d eac che xa hdi khac deu ludn tim kiem va hfldng tdi sfl ddng thuan Theo quan diem triet hge, ddng thuan chinh la ket qua cua da'u tranh, khdng cd dau tranh thi khdng the cd ddng thuan Do vay, ddng thugn chfla phai la hoan toan nhat tri, nghia la van cdn sfl khae nhau, nhflng cflng thda thu^n tam gac lai de thfle hien cai ehung Ddng thuan cung khdng loai bd dau tranh gifla cac y kien khae nhau, quan diem, xu hfldng edn khac nhau, ddng thdi cung chd'ng lai nhflng gi cd the d i n tdi sfl phan eua xa hgi Ndi each khac, ddng thuan chap nhan cdn mau thuan, khac biet, nhflng ddi hdi phai giai quyet nd bang thfldng Ifldng Tren y nghia dd, ddng thuan dfldc coi la mdt gia tri chinh tri cd ban mgt ehe dan ehu, la nen tang tri sfl dn dinh va phat trien xa hdi che tap trung dan chu Dang vdi che hiep thUdng dan chu td ehflc Mat tran de lam phong phu them nen dan chu d nfldc ta"(13) Neu hieu ddng thuan la cung thda thuan ve cai chung, cai cd ban nhat ddng thdi v i n chap nhan sfl khac biet nha't dinh ve dan tgc, tdn giao, ngdn ngfl, van hda, ldi ieh gifla nhflng ngfldi Viet Nam, miin la ehung khdng hai gi cho ldi ieh ehung cua toan dan tdc thi ehung ta thay ddng thuan cung rat g i n vdi tinh thin khoan dung, la mdt bieu hien khac eua khoan dung Khi Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ndi "Dan tdc ta la mdt dan tde giau ldng ddng tinh va bac ai" thi eung cd nghia ddng thuan va khoan dung nhfl la nhflng nhan td' cd ban de thflc hien dai doan ket dan tgc Theo dd, bdi dfldng va phat trien tinh t h i n khoan dung la bien phap hflu hieu de khic phue thai cd' chap, bat khoan dung, de thflc hien ddng thuan xa hdi va dai doan ke't dan tdc Bdi dfldng va phat trien tinh t h i n khoan dung la day eho the he tre biet tdn trgng sfl khae ve thien hfldng, nhan each, niem tin tdn giao, tin ngfldng cua nhflng ngfldi khae cdng ddng dan tdc Mdi eon ngfldi dfldc sinh mgt hoan eanh tfl nhien va xa hdi nha't dinh, la san pham eua mgt truyen thd'ng lieh sif va van hda nha't dinh, ed tam ly, tinh each, sd thieh khac nhau, theo dudi nhflng gia Dang ta quan niem md'i quan he gifla cac giai cap, t i n g ldp xa hgi d thdi ky qua la quan he hdp tac va dau tranh ndi bd nhan dan, dd "khuyen khich trao ddi, tranh luan vdi tinh t h i n xay dflng ve nhflng van de cd y kidn khae nhau, tranh chup mu, ap dat", ddng thdi ehu trUdng "ket hdp thUe hien (11) Bdt phdt bieu cua Tdng Bi thU Nong Ddc Mqnh tqi Hqi nghi ldn thd Uy ban Mat trdn To qudc Viet Nam Bao Nhan dan, 27-02-2003 (12) Phdt bieu bemqc Hqi nghi Trung uang khoa IX Bao Nhan dan, 22-01-2003 (13) Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Nghi quyet Hqi nghi Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang khoa IX Bao Nhan dan, 20-3-2003 22 KE THUA VA PHAT HUY TINH THAN KHOAN DUNG HO CHI MINH tri khdng gid'ng nhau; nhflng tat ea deu cd quyen dfldc sd'ng dung nhfl ban cha't vd'n cd cua hg Trong khang dinh va cung cd' cai thien hfldng va ban sac rieng cua minh, mdi dan tdc va mdi ngfldi can phai biet tdn trgng va chap nhan quyen cua ngfldi khac, dan tdc khac; khdng dfldc ap dat sfl Ifla chgn ciia minh, dan tgc minh cho ngfldi khae, dan tgc khae NhU vay, khoan dung ehinh la mdt bieu hien eua dan chii, nd bac bd chuyen ehe va mgi vi pham den nhflng quyen ed ban eua ngfldi va quyen cua eac dan tde nfldc ta, mdt nhflng tflu quan trgng cua cdng cude ddi mdi la dem lai sfl da dang, phong phu hdn ve «dinh hfldng gia tri eho mdi ca nhan Khoan dung ehinh la biet tdn trgng dinh hfldng gia tri cung nhfl sfl theo dudi eac ldi ieh rieng cua mdi ca nhan Cude sd'ng cd nhieu loai gia tri: gia tri dao dflc, gia tri van hda, gia tri kinh te, gia tri phap ly; cd quan niem da dang, phong phu ve cai dep, ve hanh phue, ve nhan each, ve tap quan, tin ngfldng va ldi ieh, Mgi ngfldi deu ed the theo dudi nhflng gia tri khac dd mien la khdng lam hai den muc tieu ehung la "dan giau, nfldc manh, xa hdi edng bing, dan ehu, van minh" Dd eung la dieu kien cd ban de xay dUng ddng thuan, thUc hien dai doan ket dan tgc d nUde ta hien * Ngay nay, tren the gidi, ehien tranh lanh da qua di, nhflng loai ngfldi v i n dang phai sd'ng "nen hda binh ndng" (ne'u khdng ndi la mdng manh) Nhieu ndi van dang dien nhflng cude chien tranh, xung dot dam mau ve lanh thd, sac tgc, tdn giao Do thieu mgt thai khoan dung, ngfldi ta tfl cho minh la ddc tdn, di tdi di hda, ky thi vdi tat ca cai gi khdng phai la minh Ngfldc lai, eung dang ed nhflng the life mflu toan ldi dung cai ggi la "ban cha't ehung eua ngfldi" de ap dat cho cac dan tdc khac nhflng gia tri xa la vdi truyen thd'ng van hda cua hg Khi khdng ap dat dfldc, hg san sang dung sflc manh quan sfl, sflc manh kinh te de hdng khuat phuc y chi ciia dan tdc ed ehii quyen Tfl tfldng dan tdc vi ky, hep hdi, sdvanh nfldc ldn van hien dien y thflc cua gidi cim quyen mdt so' nfldc phfldng Tay Chu nghia khung bd' qud'c te dang de dga nhflng quyen ed ban cua eon ngfldi va cae dan tgc, dd la quyen dfldc sd'ng, quyen mflu ciu hanh phuc hda binh, dde lap, tfl va quyen dfldc Ifla chgn dfldng phat trien rieng theo ly tudng va truyen thd'ng van hda, dieu kien dia ly, lich sfl eua mdi dan tde Dd'i vdi dan tdc Viet Nam, bd'i eanh dd, tren ed sd ke thfla va phat huy tinh t h i n khoan dung Hd Chi Minh, chung ta ludn neu cao tinh t h i n "sdn sdng ldm ban vdi tdt cd cdc nUdc, khong phdn biet che chinh tri" va chu trUdng "hba nhdp nhUng khong hba tan", md cfla, giao lUu tiep thu tinh hoa eua cac dan tde khac nhUng kien quye't chd'ng lai nhflng gi khdng phu hdp vdi phong tuc, tap quan, truyen thd'ng td't dep cua dan tdc; ludn trau ddi ban linh, gifl vflng ban sac, chu ddng hdi nhap vao trao lflu chung eua the gidi The gidi ludn dd'i thay, nhflng chu nghia nhan van cgng san, tfl tfldng nhan van Hd Chi Minh (trong dd khoan dung la diem nd'i bat nha't) se sd'ng mai, tiep tuc la anh sang soi dfldng cho Dang va nhan dan ta xay dflng ddng thuan xa hdi va dai doan ket dan tgc - mdt nhflng cd sd vflng chae de xay dflng cdng chu nghia xa hdi d Viet Nam • 23 ... khoan dung nhfl vay da trd vdn hoa khoan dung Hd Chi Minh - mgt bfldc phat trien mdi cua tinh t h i n khoan dung Viet Nam Xay di^ng dong thuan xa hoi va dai doan ke't dan toe tren tinh than khoan. .. thien ve tinh cam kieu "yeu nen td't, ghet nen xau", mau sac dang cap eua khoan dung Nho giao, ld'i an phan, nhan nhuc cua khoan dung Phat giao nguyen thuy Thff ba, khoan dung Hd Chi Minh la sU... vdi tinh thin khoan dung, la mdt bieu hien khac eua khoan dung Khi Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ndi "Dan tdc ta la mdt dan tde giau ldng ddng tinh va bac ai" thi eung cd nghia ddng thuan va khoan dung