THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
BlfC TRANH PHIJC LOl XA HOI A CHAF A r HAU K H m G HOANG MO COMG • • Phircng N h u n g Hpc vien Chinh tri - Hdnh chinh quoc gia Ho Chi Minh Khdi phat tir lly Lap va keo theo mot hgi dac biet la a noi von dugc coi la "thien loat eac nude \ien Lien minli Chau Au dudng sdng" nhu mot sd nude chau Au (EU) liin sau vao cuoc khiing hoang ng nan dang gay nen nhung phan irng lieu cue ng cdng hien dang day len hdi chuong canh dan chiing Nhiem vu giii' vung an sinh xa tinh khdng chi \di cac quoc gia vien hgi va dam bao an loan chi tieu cong EU ma cdn md rdng pham \i toan the dang la bai toan khd dat cho cac chinh phii gidi khdng chi d nhung nude giau nude chau Au phat trien ma cdn keo ca nhung nude dang Buc tranh phiic loi xa hoi chau Au phat trien tir chau Au sang chau My va chau A Cac cudng quoc kinh te hien loay hoa\ vdi vice lam the nao \ira cat giam chi tieu cdng, giam tham hiit ngan sach lai \an kich thich kinh te hoi phuc Til' trude den cac chinh phii va ngudi dan chau Au luon lu hao \di nhung ky nghi phep dai hang nam trg cap that nghiep cao ludi nghi huu 60 liang nghin euro trg cap sinh eon, hay hgc dai hgc vdi chi phi Khong chi rieng ngirdi H\' Lap ha) chua bang gia mot chiec may linh xach tay ngirdi l~a>' Ban Nha ma lat ca mgi ngudi dan He thdng phiic lgi xa hgi hao phdng cua chau chau Au deu dang pliai doi mat \di thuc lc Au da dugc hinh sau Chien Iranh the rang nhung chinh sach phiic lgi \a hgi hau gidi thir Hai vdi miic lieu chia se su thinh hy hg dang dugc llni Invong se da\ dat nude vugng de ngan xung dot tuong lai Trg cap den bd vuc pha san dong nghia \ di \ iec \'ao xa hdi d mirc cao tir den da trd liic hg nghi luixi thi chinh phu cd the se dac diem chung eiia chau Au hien dai kliong cd lien nudi hg nua Truoc tinh hinh Ngudi dan chau Au da quen vdi viec ng nan gia tang, quy huu tri \a phiic lgi \a nidi nam dugc nghi phep hai thang (tuy timg hgi CO hep lai dan so lao hoa nhieu ngudi nude chau Au ma sd co the cao hoac tre cho rang den hg nghi huu ihi se thap hon) cac nude nhu Thuy Dien hoac khong cd du ngirdi di lam dong thuc dc nha Dirc, trg cap that nghiep bang 75% luong nude tra tien luong huu cho hg Noi lo lang hoac nghi dm van dugc tra luong d mirc ve su tha\ ddi chinh sach phiic lgi xa tuong duong la vd han dinh Chi linh rieng 36 NGHIEN CQU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°9 (120).2010 "uu ai" cho cac cap vg chdng tre sinh d ddng bang quy luong buu Chinh phu tai Diic da la mdt van de dang dugc ban den: trg Noi gdt Hy Lap, cac qudc gia khac ngudi vg mang thai quyet djnh nghi viec EU ddng loat dua nhiing chinh sach cat d nha van dugc tra 75% miic luong di giam chi tieu cdng va bien phap da lam lam Khi sinh con, ngudi me se van dugc tra day Ien Ian sdng bieu tinh phan ddi ram rd d luong den gan hai nam vdi miic tuong ty nhilu nude Bat chap lo toan ve khiing mang thai Ngay ca trudng hgp ngudi hoang, ngudi dan chau Au van chua chap me quyet djnh d nha nudi con, khdng di lam nhan tir bd vai thang nghi he hang nam Qua thi chinh phii ciing van hd trg day dii de hai that khdng di thay ddi mdt ldi sdng thoai vg chdng nudi den Iiic diia be trudng mai tir bao nam - ehoi nhieu lam it, sang Nhung cdng dan nhu nhung cap vg mdt ldi sdng gan vdi cac nude dang phat chdng duge xa hdi coi la mau myc, vi trien hon - lam nhieu chai it O Ha Lan, mac chiu sinh con, tien bd hon nhieu ngudi Dirc dii miia he keo dai tdi tan nira dem, khac, dac biet la the he sinh sau The chien nhung ngudi lao ddng nude van khdng thii Hai, nhieu ngudi sd hg khdng chju lam viec qua gid chieu Cdng viec khdng sinh khien cho ty le ngudi gia d Diic phai la phan chinh cuoc sdng ciia ho, hien Idn ban ty le ngudi tre Hay d Tay gia dinh va nhirng vui thii ca nhan mdi la uu Ban Nha cd mdt khoan hd trg ggi la "sec" tien hang dau Chinh sach lao dgng va phiie sinh cap cho cac gia dinh mdt khoan tien Igi xa hdi tdt da mang lai cho toan chau Au la 2.500 euro sinh C) cac nude chau mdt Idi sdng hudng thu nhu thi Su binh Au khac ciing cd nhirng hd trg dac biet cho dang xa hdi cd phai la ddng lyc giiip cho cac gia dinh sinh va cac chinh sach kinh te, xa hdi phat trien vl lau dai khdng phuc Igi tii uu danh cho tre tir cdn cdn la dieu phai ban cai byng me den hgc xong dai hgc Phiic lgi xa hdi qua tdt d cac nude chau Cac nude chau Au da sdng va hudng Au, dac biet d mdt sd nude Bie Au, xet tir thy vugt kha nang chi tra cua ban than tir mdt gdc nhat djnh, khiln cho chau Au nhilu nam nay, nhung che phiic Igi kem siic canh tranh ban cac chinh phong luu khiln cho cac nude ngheo, dang phu Iim sau vao ng nin; Khd cd thi kich phat triln phai mo udc Cudi nam 2009, thich ngudi dan lam viec, vi lam nhilu sy that vl miic tham hut ngan sach cua Hy thi ddng nghTa vdi thul cao va tiin thu vl Lap la 13,6% GDP bj Id tay (gap ddi sd khdng nhilu ban bao nhieu, nhung cdng bo trude dd va vugt hon gap lan gidi ngudi khdng lam gi van dugc xa hdi nudi ban cho phep cua EU), ngudi ta mdi giat Cac djch vy xa hdi ciing dit dd vi khdng minh vl tinh trang thye te cua nen kinh te chju phuc vy Song cd nhiing uu diim Lien minh Chau Au Ac mdng xay biin chau Au "thien dudng ma udc" vdi ngudi Hy Lap Chinh phu tuyen bd (Bdn tranh pliue loi xa hoi 31 cua nhieu ngudi dd chinh la mdi trudng sdng phan ling cua mdi qudc gia vien EU vl tdt, he thdng giao dye tdt va chinh sach an nhiing thay ddi chinh sach "thit lung sinh xa hdi uu viet, thye sy vi ngudi huge byng" de "giai nguy" ciing khac Chinh sach xa hoi hau khung hoang no cong Hy Lgp Ngay 12/5/2010, theo uy nhiem cua cac Hy Lap, dat nude dang oan minh ngan hang chau Au va qudc te, Uy ban Chau cdng ng va ciing la nude cd nhimg chinh Au (EC) canh bao Bungari, Cdng hda Sip va sach khac va kien quyet nham eat giam Dan Mach rang tham hyt ngan sach qudc gia cbi tieu cdng, thay ddi lai cac chinh sach cua hg da qua Idn va rang hg phai khan cap phiic lgi xa hdi nham sdm dua dat nude vao ap dung va xae djnh thdi ban cat giam tham hut ngan sach qudc gia Khdng phai dgi den nhiing nhae nhd cua EC thi viec cat giam eac khoan chi tieu xa hgi da va dang duge trien khai ddng loat tren toan chau Au Thye te, sau quyet djnh gdi cim trg 750 ty euro danh cho Hy Lap va cac qudc gia miic an toan ve cdng ng Thang 2/2010, Thii tudng Hy Lap George Papandreou da tuyen bd dy djnh nang tudi nghi huu tir 61 Ien 63 trude nam 2015 nham ciiu lay he thdng chi tra luong huu dang gap khd khan Ngay 10/5/2010, Chinh phii Hy Lap da thong qua vien EU dang diing trude nguy co pha san vi ke hoach cai each he thdng huu tri, mot ng, chinh phu cac qudc gia chau Au da tuyen nhiing bien phap dy kien dua vao ke hoach bd thye hien mdt loat bien phap tiet kiem tan "that lung budc byng" cua nude nham cdng vao viec lam, tien luong va cac quyen cham dirt eudc khiing hoang ng cdng hien xa hgi ciia cdng dan Mdt dieu rd rang la gdi ciiu trg 750 ty Theo Bd trudng Lao ddng Hy Lap, neu euro dugc Bd trudng Tai chinh cac qudc gia che hien khdng lap tiic dugc thay ddi chau Au dua khdng chi de ngan chan nguy thi nam nira se cd nhieu ngudi ve CO pha san ciia Hy Lap va cac qudc gia huu hon tai Hy Lap Ke hoach mdi ciing vien Lien minh Chau Au, ma cdn de chuyen tai san xa hdi cua sd ddng dan chiing sang tay cac ngan hang va cac cdng ty dau tu quoc te De ed tien cho chuong trinh eiiu trg nay, chinh phii cac qudc gia chau Au quyet djnh thye hien mdt loat bien phap cat giam ngan sach het sirc khac, keo theo nd la su phan ddi cua ngudi dan toan chau Au Biic tranh phuc lgi ciia chau Au dang thay ddi va sy giiip chinh phii tiet kiem ty USD mdi nam He thdng huu tri mdi se dan dugc ap dung tir nam 2015 va cd hieu lye hoan toan vao nam 2030 Theo Bd trudng Lao ddng Hy Lap, ke hoaeh da nhan dugc su tan cua EU nhung chac chan se gap rat nhieu khd khan trude dugc ngudi dan nude chap thuan 38 NGHIEN CQU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°9 (120).2010 Ngay 6/5/2010, QuIc hdi Hy Lap da bien phap tiet kiem: Cat giam 5% luong thdng qua cae bien phap cat giam chi tieu cdng chiic nha nude sau thdi gian ddng bang cua Chinh phu theo yeu cau ciia cac nude ddi luong; ddng bang hau het cac khoan luong tac khu vuc ddng euro va Quy Tien te huu; xoa bd cai dugc ggi la sec sinh con; xoa Qude te de nhan dugc khoan cim trg trj gia bd mdt chuong trinh cham sdc ngudi cao 110 ty euro nham ngan chan nguy co syp dd tudi va khoan tien nha nude chi tra thudc tai chinh Ke hoach "that lung budc byng" theo don Ngoai ra, Tay Ban Nha phai cat chua timg ed tien le ciia ehinh phu Hy Lap giam mdt khoan dau tu cua nha nude len tdi nham giam bdt 30 ty euro tham hyt ngan ty euro eho eac du an giao thdng Nhieu ty sach, dan dua miie tham hut xudng dudi 3% euro cac khoan chi khac cua cac dja phuang GDP vao nam 2014 so vdi mirc gan 14% tir va eae khoan chi trg giup phat trien ciing se nam 2009 Cimg vdi viec thay ddi quy phai cat bd, dieu se dan den tinh trang sa luong huu la nhiing bien phap manh tay nhu: thai hang loat nhan cdng Hien nay, ty le that ddng bang tien luong ciia cdng nhan khu vyc qudc doanh, nang gia xang, ehinh sach tang thue mdn bai ddi vdi rugu va thudc la nham cai thien thu nhap ciia chinh phu thdi ky khung hoang tram trgng nhat Hay gan day Hy Lap ap dyng viec cat hai thang luong va thudng ddi vdi cdng chire ed miic luong tren 3.750 USD Tien trinh thye hien cac bien phap that lung huge byng cua Hy Lap da dat dugc nhiing tien bd dang ke nd lye ddi phd nghiep chinh thirc ciia nude da len den hon 20%) Chuong trinh tiet kiem se khien hang trieu ngudi niia bj mat viec lam va day nen kinh te roi vao suy thoai tram trgng hon, bdi tieu diing ca nhan syt giam manh Hien tai, Tay Ban Nha ngimg tang tiin huu tri, eat giam 375 trieu USD quy hd trg cho ngudi khuyet tat va bd trg cip 3.124 USD cho moi gia dinh mdi sinh Chinh quyen Madrid ciing de xuit nang tudi vl huu vdi khung hoang ng cdng, nham thye hien ddi vdi nam gidi tir 65 len 67 Ciing tir thang myc tieu cua Chinh phii cd the eat giam tdi 6/2010, Tay Ban Nha bit diu cit nhilu ty 20% tien trg cap luong huu, ddng thdi nang euro tir ngan sach tra luong nha nude tudi ve huu cua phy nir len 65 Tat ca nhiing thay ddi dd deu nham vao ngudi lao ddng va la nhirng thay ddi bat thudng cua ehinh sach an sinh xa hdi tai Hy Lap Bo Ddo Nha Ngay 13/5/2010, Chinh phu Bd Dao Nha cdng bd kl hoach cit giam chi tieu ITnh vyc djch vy cdng sau nang thul gia Tay Ban Nha trj gia tang Bd trudng Tai chinh Bd Dao Ngay 12/5/2010, Thu tudng Tay Ban Nha Fernando Teixeira dos Santos ndi trude Nha Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero da cdng cac nghj sy quoc hdi nude nay: "Nlu chiing b l trude Qudc hdi nude mdt loat cac ta khdng giam tham hut ngan sach mdt each 'Bd'e tranh fihi'ie lot jcii 39 hoi dang ke, thi ngudn tai chinh tir nude ngoai se Lien minh Dan ehu Co Die giao (CDU) va khdng den Bd Dao Nha niia" ed the se la ngudi thay the Bd trudng Tai Thil ludng Bd Dao Nha Jose Sdkrates khong tiet Id nhat bua ngan sach se bd vao dau, nhung dng cho biet khdng the khdng chinh dang bj dau dm tuyen bd: khong ed ITnh vyc "kieng ky" lien trinh cat giam chi lieu xa hdi d Dire dgng cham tdi ngan sach chi cho cac dja Thil hien bang Hessen yeu cau xem xet phuong va tiep tuc thye hien mdt sd bien lai chinh sach dam bao chd hgc cho tre dudi phap trude dd nhu: cat giam viec lam ITnh vyc dich vu cdng, cat giam tien hd trg cho ngudi that nghiep, dong bang tien luong va ban eac cdng ty nha nude ba ludi De xuat cua dng da gay su phan no xa hgi Bd trudng Xa hgi bang Bayern, ba Christine Harderthauer noi: "Ai ndi tdi nhiing su cat giam nhu vay chinh la Rumani nhiing ke kich ddng gay chdng doi Khi Ciing vdi EU, Quy Tien te quoc le chiing la Id hdng ITnh vuc giao due va gia (IMF) cdng bd phan cudi ciing ciia "goi cim dinh, cd nghTa chung la danh bac vdi tuong trg" cho Rumani Dieu kien de nhan gdi ciru lai ciia chinh minh" trg 20 ty euro (den da chi 12 ty) la Chinh phii Rumani phai chap nhan ke hoach Cac ehuyen gia kinh te dy bao su syt gia kinh le de giam tham hyt ngan sach qudc gia dong euro se lam giam lien luong thuc te ciia den nam 2011 xudng 4,4% GDP, so vdi cong nhan d Dirc va tren loan chau Au Nha 7,2% nam 2009 Chinh dieu dd da budc kinh le Dirc Wolfgang Brachinger cho rang Chinh phii Rumani phai dua mdt ke hoaeh nhirng nam ldi chau Au se phai ddi mat vdi cat giam ngan sach ngat ngheo, dd giam tdi 25% luong eiia cdng chirc nha nude, giam 15% luong huu nha nude Udc tinh, cac bien phap cat giam se gay tdn hai tinh trang lam phat nghiem trgng Ddng euro giam gia va ngudi tieu diing se phai thgc tay sau hon vao hau bao tdi 1/4 trieu viec lam Ty le that nghiep chinh Dire se quyet dinh giam ngan sach it thiic d Rumani hien la 10% Udc tinh, hien nhat ty euro tuong duong 3,75 ly USD 2/3 ngudi dan Rumani sdng ngang va dudi ngudng ngheo Chinh phii Dire lan dau tien phai giam trg cap that nghiep Hien nay, ngirdi lao dgng bi Due that nghiep lai Dire nhan dugc tir 50% den Nude Diic phai chien dau vdi khoan 60% mirc luong trirdc thue Khoang thdi tham hut ngan sach qudc gia la 70 ty euro va gian nhan trg cap keo dai nam Caeh day khoan tien ddng gdp vao gdi cim trg ciia EU nam, chuong trinh trg cap that nghiep ciia la 123 ty euro Roland Koch, Phd Chii tjch Dire cung da bi dieu chinh thu hep lai 40 NGHIEN COU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°9 (120).2010 Anh Chinh pbli Anh vira cdng bd cat giam ngan sach ty bang, chii yeu la luong nha nude va ehi tieu cdng Tudi ve huu cua khoan thu nhap tir viec dau tu, quyen lua chgn cd phieu se bj danh thue cao hon, nhiing ngudi ITnh luong huu cao ciing se phai chju miic thue cao hon ngudi lao ddng ciing se dugc nang len: tir 60 Tdng thdng Phap Nicolas Sarkozy cho len 65 tudi (nir) va 65 Ien 66 tudi (nam) Quy rang, ngudi Phap dang cang sdng thg dinh hudng phiic Igi xa hdi ciing duge siet hon Tudi thg trung binh d nude hien chat hon Khoan trg cap 250 bang cho gia xap xi 80 tudi, nghTa la mdt ngudi ve huu dinh sinh them mdt diia ciing se bj nam 60 tudi se cd den 20 nam nhan rdi Day bd Nude ciing that chat quy djnh trg cap la mdt ganh nang dang ke eho ngan sach, dac that nghiep vdi viec budc ngudi that nghiep biet the he "baby boom" (bung nd tre em phai tich cyc tim viec mdi dugc nhan trg giai doan 1950-1970) se ve huu hang cap, ban che viee giam thue cho gia dinh cd loat vao nam 2020 Vi vay, cai each "tudi ve nhd va cat bd khoan tien 360 USD trg huu" se gdp phan quan trgng vao nd luc cat giup gia dinh mdi sinh giam chi tieu ngan sach cua Chinh phu Ien Chinh phu Anh yeu cau nhieu bd lap ke tdi 54,5 ty USD vdng nam tdi hoach cat giam ehi tieu Ien den 40%), eao hon Cac dy doan hien deu cho rang ca ke hoach khan cap da de trude dd Day tham hut ngan sach cua Phap nam dugc xem la dgt eat giam chi tieu Idn nhat d 2010 se vao khoang 8%) va kl hoach "thit xii sd suong mil ke tir sau Chien tranh the lung budc byng" khac nghiet cd thi se giiip gidi thii Hai Ngay ca bd dugc uu la dua miic tham hyt xudng cdn 6% GDP Giao dye va Qudc phdng ciing phai cat giam nam 2011, cdn 4,6% GDP vao nam 2012 va ngan sach tir 10%) - 20% Rieng Bd Y tl va chi cdn 3% GDP vao nam 2013 Bd Phat trien qudc te la khdng bj anh hudng Chinh phii Anh cho rang, viec cat giam ehi tieu la can thiet de giam tham hyt ngan sach hang nam hien d mirc 156 ty bang Tuy nhien, cac td chiic cdng doan thudc ITnh vyc cdng canh bao, hg se hanh ddng neu miic cat giam ngan sach Ien den 40%) Ke hoach ciing ddng thdi quy djnh ngudi lao ddng se phai lam viec 41,5 nam mdi dugc nhan luong huu, tang them mot nam so vdi quy djnh hien hanh la 40,5 nam Nhung bit diu di lam tir trude 18 tudi van dugc nghi huu d tudi 60 hoac mdt sd trudng hgp dac biet lien quan din siic khde sau Phdp cd giam djnh cy thi Kem theo dd, nhimg Chinh phu Phap thdng bao ke hoach, cyu cdng chirc nha nude cd miic luang huu din nam 2018 se nang tudi ve huu tir 60 Ien cao se bi danh thul va se ap thul 10,55% dii 62 vdi myc dich tiet giam ngan sach Cac vdi luong huu d khu vuc tu nhan (Bde tranh fdtue lpi ddi hdi 41 Du bao, tham hyt quy huu tri thudng tudi ve huu vdi dy kien tudi bit diu nghi huu nien cua Phap cd the Ien den 40 ti USD nam cua ngudi lao ddng se la tir 65 din 66 tuli 2010 va 120 ti USD vao nam 2050 Bd vao nam 2017 trudng Lao dgng Phap Woerth Eric cho biet: "Myc tieu cua chiing tdi khdng chi la miic tham hyt thap hon ma cdn la dua miic tham hyt vl 0%" Dan Mach Cac bien phap giam ehi phi cho giao due, y te, phiic Igi xa hdi cua Chinh phu Dan Tai Dan Mach, tudi ve huu se tang timg budc tir 65 den 67 tudi bat diu tir nam 2019 Cac nude Ddng Au eiing dang xem xet, dy kien vdng 10 nam tdi se keo dai thdi gian lam viec eua ngudi lao ddng den 62, 63 tudi Cdn d Italia, cac eudc thao luan ve tudi nghi huu ciing da bat dau Mach Cling gap phai sy phan ddi cua nhieu Mdt sd nude khae nhu Phap va Tay Ban gidi, nhat la cac nghiep doan giao vien, nhan Nha ap dyng che khuyen khich ngudi den vien nganh y te Ngudi ta cdn lo rang viec tudi nghi huu tiep tyc d lai lam viee lau hon eat giam tien trg cap cho thieu nien, nhi ddng trudng hgp cd the: miic luong huu se se khien sd sinh giam siit nhirng nam tang 2% ddi vdi nhiing ngudi nghi huu sau sap tdi Hien ty Ie sinh ciia phy nir Dan tudi 65 Mach, ke ca nhiing ngudi gdc nhap cu, chi la 1,5 con/ngudi Tai Phan Lan, che khuyen khich cho phep ngudi ve huu tudi tir 63 den Trude nhirng y kien eho rang, Dan 68 cd them mdt phan thu nhap va phat nhung Mach khdng sir dyng ddng euro song ciing bj ngudi ve huu trude tudi 63 Ci Thyy Dien, va lay, Bd trudng Tai chinh Dan Mach Claus tudi ve huu dugc xem xet mdt each linh boat, Hjort Frederiksen ndi rang ddng tien chung bat dau dtudi 61 euro khdng cd ldi gi, chi la mdt sd nude da "ap dyng nhiing chinh sach kinh te rat thieu trach nhiem" Mdt ly giai rat don gian nhung khdng phai ciing nhan ra! Chinh sach tien lu'O'ng - nut that Ion chinh sach an sinh xa hoi Phdn ung ddy chuyen gia tdng tuoi nghi huu Diic va Anh da quyet djnh tang tudi Hien nay, EU dang dat myc tieu ed 50% ngudi lao ddng tudi tir 55-65 lam viec vao nam 2010 Ty le EU hien d miic 41%, dd d Phap la 37,3% Theo gidi quan sat, tudi ve him cua ngudi lao dgng se cd su dieu chinh da dang, tiiy thudc vao nhu cau sir dung lao dgng eua eae doanh nghiep Cai cdch chinh sdch tien luffng nghi huu len 67, 68 tudi Quyet djnh da Kinh te tri tre va suy thoai, cuge khiing tao phan iing day chuyen d chau Au Tai hoang tai chinh - tin dung van tiep dien khien Bd Dao Nha, se thdng qua dy luat cai each cho khdng it cac chinh phu chau Au budc 42 NGHIEN CQU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°9 (1201.2010 phai tinh den nhiing phuang an chdng dd dieu chinh tudi nghi huu cua ngudi lao Giam ganh nang cho ngan sach bang viee eat ddng, nhung thdi ban thye thi thi van cdn rat giam quy luong huu la mdt bien phap ma rat xa vdi Cdn tai Dirc, tinh hinh cung khdng nhieu ehfnh phu da va dang ap ii, nhung cd sang siia hon la may Cac ehfnh trj gia Diic dieu la hau het lai dang mac ket cai da khdng hen ma cimg ddng loat nhat tri lui vdng luan quan "phai lam nhung lai khdng thai diem cai each them nam niia bdi le thi lam" eugc bau cir dang den gan Cd le khdng O vao tinh canh hien nay, eac chinh phii dam "mao hiem" su nghiep ehinh trj cua va ngudi dan chau Au deu dang phai chiu minh bang each ehgc tirc cir tri Dudng nhu mdt siic ep kha nang ne bdi nan lam phat va cam thay the van chua the yen tam, ngudi suy thoai kinh te Nhdm hang hda thiet yeu huu Irf Dirc mdi day da lap mot ehfnh va cac djch vu eudc sdng da va dang tang gia dang mdi mang ten "Pensioner Party" (dang chdng mat khien cho thu nhap cua ngudi Ngudi Huu trf) va dang rao riet lya chgn iing dan, dac biet la nhdm ngirdi hudng luong cir vien eho cac eudc bau eir vimg vao miia huu, cang trd nen "kem gia tri" Khdng ihu nam 2010, lao co sd cho mot cuoc "lan ft ngudi da lam vao tinh canh luong khdng cong" ddi tang luong huu Chii tich eiia dii sdng va dd cac ke hoaeh cai each lien Dang Helmut Polzer mdi day da khong ngan luong eua chinh phu budc phai bj tri hoan vd ngai tuyen bd tren bao chi rang, Chinh phu thdi ban neu hg khdng mudn bien xa hgi ciia da rat cdng viee bien ngudi huu minh "mot md hdn loan va bat man" trf nhirng ngudi eiing khd Nhung neu tiep tyc tri he thdng phuc lgi Chfnh phii Phap tham ehi cdn "dau khi" xa hdi Cli, ngan sach chinh phii se lam vao hon Truyen thdng "lam luat tren dudng phi" tinh canh eang cang tham thimg nang tir nhieu nam qua khien cho quy luong huu ne hon "Mac dau hien chung ta van dang cd mot che dan dang ty hao, nhung neu eac ehfnh phii chau Au khdng kien tri vdi nhiing thay doi, den mdt luc nao dd hg se phai tra gia dat", Reiner Klingholz Giam doe Vien Dan sd va Phat trien tai Berlin canh bao ciia hg hien da chiim din hon 13% GDP va van dang tiep tuc gia tang vdi udc tfnh se cham mle 15% GDP vao nam 2050 Vdi ty le nay, Phap trd qudc gia diing diu chau Au ve quy luong huu va tham chi cdn gap lan so vdi ty le ciia My Hii nam 2003, dng Francois Fillon - Thii tirdng Phap duong Da cd mgi sd bd luat hay ke hoach eai nhiem (khi dd la Bd trudng Bd Viec lam) da each bj dan chung phan ddi dii ddi den miic dua ke hoach, dd quy djnh ngirdi lao nhiing bg luat va ke hoaeh dd huge phai "xep ddng phai cd dii 40 nam lam viec mdi dugc kho" vd thdi ban Mdt sd trudng hgp dien hudng 100% luong hun Du luat iy da khiln hinh: Qudc hgi Italia da thdng qua dao luat cho nude Phap te liet liin bdi (Biie truiili fihiie lpi xii 43 hdi cac cuge dinh cdng Hien Tdng thdng khdng phai ban tam den chuyen "lay tiin d Sarkozy da rut kinh nghiem va dang dua dau de tra luong huu" nira dy thao luat dd yeu eau loan bd ngudi lao dgng Phap phai cd 41 nam lam viec Tuo^ng lai nao cho chau Au nhung van khdng tang tudi ve huu (hien Tai Tay Ban Nha, cac nghiep doan cdng la 60 tudi) Mdt cuge tham dd y kien gan day nhan ITnh vue cdng dang dy djnh td chirc cho thay da sd ngudi dan Phap iing hg ke them nhieu eudc dinh cdng de phan ddi hoach 41 nam lam viee, nhung phan ddi viec chinh sach cat giam ehi tieu 5% eiia Chfnh tang tudi ve huu phu Theo gidi phan tfeb, chfnh sach cat giam chi tieu hien se dan den nhieu riii Tuy khdng phai ganh quy luong huu ro Theo thdng ke ciia Tap chi Y khoa Anh khdng Id nhu Phap, nhung Diic lai la mgi (BMJ), d thdi diem cudi thang 6/2010, neu nude CO tdi 15% dan sd tren 65 tudi, nhieu trung binh cat giam trg cap xa hgi 80 gap ddi Phap Thuc trang da khien Thu euro/ngudi, ty le tir vong lien quan ldi rugu ludng Angela Merkel phai nang tuoi ve se tang 2,8%, ty le tir vong vi benh tim tang huu tir 65 len 67 tir nam 2009 Nhung quyet 1,2% Trong cac nha chinh trj khong djnh hoan thye thi ke hoach cai each da mudn nhin thay hau qua ciia cac "lieu phap khien eho quy luong huu eiia qudc gia sdc", nhieu nha khoa hgc tin rang nhirng lieu tiip tyc "null" them khoang 1,1% GDP ft phap nhu vay cd lien he mat thiet vdi mirc lir nhat la nam nua Monika Queisser - vong ciia dat nude chuyen gia ve luong huu ciia OECD da canh "Sire khoe" cua ngudi dan hay "siic bao: "Van de hien la Dire can cd tri khoe" eiia qudc gia, ma khiing hoang dn djnh xa hgi, nhung hg cung dat tinh trang ngan sach dang trd cum lir dang sg tai chfnh cua minh trude thach thiie mdi" nhat ddi vdi cac nha dau tu khu vyc chau Au Cd mdt giai phap tuong ddi hgp ly ma Phan Lan da thuc hien tir nhieu nam va dang dugc cac qudc gia chau Au khac hgc tap la: cho phep ngudi lao ddng dugc trich khoang 2,5% tdng thu nhap cua ban than de dau tu vao thj trudng chiing khoan hay mua Mdt loat qudc gia bao gdm Tay Ban Nha, Bd Dao Nha, Ailen da thuc hien eac bien phap cat giam chi lieu, huy ddng ngan sach nham tranh sa vao vet xe dd eiia Hy Lap Hdi thang 5/2010, Italia dua cam ket cat giam tham hyt ngan sach 24 ty euro (tuong duong 30 ty USD) tir cho den nam 2012 Ngay trai phieu Bien phap cho phep ngudi lao ca nhiing ngudi khdng Id ciia khu vyc nhu ddng cd the ty djnh doat miic luong huu cua Diic cung da phai run sg Hdm 8/6/2010, minh bang each dau tu nhieu hay it va tat nude cdng bd mdt loat chfnh sach nham nhien ty hg ciing phai ganh chju riii ro neu tiet kiem khoang 80 ty USD tir den nam cd Va cung bang each dd, ehinh phii se 2014 Thil tudng Dirc Angela Merkel hy 44 NGHIEN COU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°9 (120).2010 vgng hanh ddng se phan nao trd vuc ddng tien chung euro Do dd, cac bien mdt vi du cho cac vien khac cua EU phap cat giam tham hyt d Hy Lap, Tay Ban tham khao Tuong ty, Phap ciing tuyen bd Nha, Bd Dao Nha se chi anh hudng tuong hanh ddng de giam tham hyt nhu xda bd mdt ddi nhd ddi vdi toan khu vuc sd ehinh sach mien giam thue, ngimg cac chuong trinh chi tieu tin kem kl tir nam 2011 Tuy nhien, nhieu ngudi van lo ngai ve anh hudng cua Ian sdng cat giam Co nhieu chinh sach cdn keo dai tdi nhiing nam Tuy nhien, Ian sdng cat giam ngan sach sau, dd hieu qua va hau qua ciia nd vin lai lam day len mdi lo mdi Gidi dau tu quan chua the ket luan lap tiic Ben canh do, ngai lieu sy cat giam qua khae ed phai la nhimg ngudi theo ly thuyet cua nha kinh te dao hai ludi, day cac nen kinh tl roi trd hgc Keynes tin rang viec cat giam chi tieu lai viing suy thoai Phe iing hd viec cat giam ngan sach tran an rang biic tranh thye tl khdng ban se la qua te Vf du diln hinh la bien phap giam tham hyt khoang 80 ty euro cua Diic se dugc thye hien vdng nam Theo tinh toan thi muc tieu tiet kiem ngan sach se sdm dat dugc vao nam 2013 hay cham nhat vao cudi nam 2014, dd tir nam 2011 Diic cd the gat hai hieu qua tir viec giam tham hyt ngan sach 11,2 ty ngan sach tat yeu se lam suy yeu tang trudng GDP Hanh ddng cua cac nude nham giai quyet tham hyt ngan sach cd the gay lo ling cho ngudi tieu diing, vi viec tang thul dl giam ng cdng cd the se lam tin hai tdi tinh hinh tai chfnh ca nhan Nghien ciiu cua chuyen gia Christiane Nickel va chuyen gia Isabel Vansteenkiste tir Ngan hang Trung uong Chau Au (ECB) cho thiy ed sy lien euro, it ban 0,5%) GDP Neu dat dugc muc quan giua tham hyt ngan sach cao vdi gia tieu nhu dy tinh, Dirc se xua tan dugc mdi tang eac khoan tiet kiem tu nhan nghi ngai miic tham hyt cd the Ien den 1,5 2%) GDP nam Nhung mdt so trudng hgp khac, viec giam chi ngan sach cd thi ho trg tang Ddi vdi cac nude nhd va cd nguy co vd trudng, hoac gay it thiet hai ban so vdi cac ng cao, dudng giai quyet tham hyt se md hinh cua Keynes Nghien ciiu cua chuyen gian nan hon, nhat la Hy Lap, "tam diem" gia Alberto Alesina tir Dai hgc Harvard va ciia cuge khiing hoang ng cdng hien tai chuyen gia Roberto Perotti tir Dai hgc tham hyt ngan sach cua nude d miic Bocconi cho thay viec dilu chinh ngan sach 13,6% GDP va ng cdng Ien tdi 115,1% GDP dya vao cat giam cac khoan chi cho phiic lgi Tuy nhien, ngan hang Barclays Capital ciing xa hdi, cat giam tiin cdng chirc se mang lai luu y rang nhiing nen kinh te chi ddng lgi ich ve lau dai, keo miic ng cdng xudng mot vai trd nhd EU Chang ban, Hy thip hon va kich thich tang trudng GDP Lap chi chiem 2,6%) tdng san pham cua khu nhanh han so vdi viec giam chi ngan sach (Bde tranh phiie led xit hdi 45 dya tren viec tang thue va cat giam dau tu dung nhirng chinh sach "that lung huge cdng bung" phii hgp vdi timg qudc gia chau Au la Hau het cac nude chau Au deu chgn ke hoach giam tien luong khu vuc cdng va phiic Igi, la cac hinh thirc cat giam ngan sach it gay tdn hai cho qua trinh phuc hdi kinh te Viec cat giam manh tay chi tieu khu vuc cdng va phu cap da dugc tien hanh d Ailen, Tay Ban Nha va Hy Lap Italia du djnh giam luong khu vuc cdng ba nam Dure va Hy Lap se giam chi luong huu Bd Dao Nha giam trg cap that nghiep Nhin chung viec giam tham hut ngan sach bang bat cii phuong thiic nao ciing hiem tao hieu iing tdt eho tang trudng kinh te Tuy nhien, giai doan kinh te suy yeu tai mdt sd nude chau Au, dac biet la Hy Lap dang ddi mat vdi nguy co vd ng hay Diic la vin de that chat chi tieu tieu diing, thi bien phap giam luong khu vyc cdng va phiic lgi xa hdi cd the se cd tac dung giam tham hut ngan sach, nhien van khd tranh khdi rui ro chi tieu sut giam Tdm lgi, biic tranh phiic lgi xa hdi chau Au thdi hau khung hoang ng cdng ciing khdng nam ngoai vdng loay hoay tim ldi thoat cho "lyc dja gia" thdi khung hoang kinh te Mau thuan giiia viec kich cau cua khung hoang vdi viec cat giam quy luong hay giiia viec tir bd nhiing thdi quen hudng thy eudc sdng cua ngudi dan chau Au vdi viec tang tudi lao ddng, cat giam luong va cac khoan phiic Igi xa hdi khac dang dat cac chinh phu chau Au d "nga ba dudng" Tuy nhien, thdi diem hien tai, viec ap viec lam can thiet de dua gioi han miic ng cdng vao chuan cho phep cua chau Au Sy linh hoat each xtr tri cua mdi qudc gia la dieu kien tdi uu de vira dam bao thuc hien chinh sach an sinh xa hgi, vira dam bao an toan cho nen kinh te qudc dan./ Tai lieu tham khao Gidm chi ngdn sdch - thdn dugc hay dgc dugc cho chdu Au? http://vnexpress.net/GL/Kinh-doanh/Quocte/2010/06/3BAlCF28/ Bill Van Auken Chdu Au: Rdo riet cdt gidm chi tieu xd hdi nhdm ngdn chgn khiing hodng ng cdng Ban djch ciia Trung tam Thdng tin khoa hge, Hge vien Chinh trj Hanh chinh qudc gia Hd Chi Minh Ngd Minh Tri Ndi lo tudi hiru http://www.thesaigontimes.vn/Home/thegioi/ ghinhan/37626/ Lan Anh Chdu Au vd gdnh ndng xd hgi http://sgtt.com.vn/Thoi-su/Phong-su-Kysu/125623/Chau-Au-va-ganh-nang-xahoi.html Cdi cdch chinh sdch tien luang: Cdc nu&c chdu Au tru&c "ngd ba du&ng" http://Iuatviet.net/Home/tin-tuc-phapIuat/phap-Iuat-the-gioi/2008/7039/Cai-eaehchinh-sach-tien-luong-Cac-nuoc-chau-autruoc-nga.aspx Chdu Au day mgnh cdt gidm thdm hut ngdn sdch http://nguoicaotuoi.org.vn/Story.aspx?Iang= vn&zoneparent=0&zone=3 0& ... lgi xa hdi cd the se cd tac dung giam tham hut ngan sach, nhien van khd tranh khdi rui ro chi tieu sut giam Tdm lgi, biic tranh phiic lgi xa hdi chau Au thdi hau khung hoang ng cdng ciing khdng... Chau Au Ac mdng xay biin chau Au "thien dudng ma udc" vdi ngudi Hy Lap Chinh phu tuyen bd (Bdn tranh pliue loi xa hoi 31 cua nhieu ngudi dd chinh la mdi trudng sdng phan ling cua mdi qudc gia... phap cat giam ngan sach het sirc khac, keo theo nd la su phan ddi cua ngudi dan toan chau Au Biic tranh phuc lgi ciia chau Au dang thay ddi va sy giiip chinh phii tiet kiem ty USD mdi nam He thdng
Ngày đăng: 10/11/2022, 10:46
Xem thêm: