HOAT DONG KH-CN TiNH HiNH Dl CV THAI PHEP CUA NGITOI M O N G TAI CAC HUy^N MI^N NU( NGHE AN Ten de tdi: Tinh hinh di cu trdi phep cua nguai Mong tgi cdc huyen mien nui Nghe An thuc trgng, nguyen nhdn vd gidi phdp Chii nhiem de tdi: Thugng td Nguyen Quoc Hung Co quan ehii tri: Phdng PV 28 - Cong an tinh Nghe An I DAT VAN DE Ky Son, Tuong Duang, Que Phong la huyen mien mii vMig cao ciia tinh Nghe An vd Id sd 62 huyen ngheo nhdt eiia ca nudc Tai day ed dan tde it ngudi sinh sdng gdm Thai, Thd, Kha Mii, Mdng va Du, dd dan tde Mdng cd 29.412 ngudi (chiem 6,72%) Dia vuc eu tni cua dan tpc Mdng hau het Id vMig dia hirM bi chia cdt manh, nm non hiem trd, hau khac nghiet, dien tich dat trdng it va khd canh tdc, giao thdng di lai khd khdn, ty le ddi ngheo chiem khodng 50% dan sd Trong nep nghT, each lam ciia ngudi Mdng cdn mang ndng tinh du carM du cu, nhan thiic ve qudc gia, qude gidi cdn nhieu ban che, coi nang quan he than tde hai ben bien gidi Dae biet, nan di cu trdi phep sang nude ban Lao ciia ngudi Mdng gay khdng it khd khdn cho edng tdc qudn ly Nhd nude ve an ninh trat tu d khu vuc bien gidi ddng thdi gay mat dn dinh, ldm dao ldn sinh boat tai edng dong, dnh hudng tdi mpi mat ddi sdng xa hdi, dnh hudng tdi quan he ddi ngoai giira nude ta So 8/2010 va nude ban Ldo Vi vay, viec trien khai nghien eiM de tai ''Tinh hinh di cu trdi phep cua nguai Mong tgi cdc huyen mien nui Nghe An - thuc trgng, nguyen nhdn vd gidi phap'' la het siie can thiet vd y nghia II N O I D U N G CONG TRINH Dac diem tinh hinh co lien quan den di cir trai phep cua dong bao Mong tai cac huyen mien niii Nghe An * Hieu qud hogt dong ciia he thong chinh tri co sa: He thdng ehinh tri ea sd tai 19 xa, 92 ban ngudi Mdng thudc huyen ndi tren khdng ngtaig duge ciing cd nhung tren thuc te dang edn rat nhieu van de bat cap, eu the: tai ban thudc huyen Que Phong chi cd trudng ban Phieng Ludng cd trinh van hda 12/12, edn lai chi cd trinh vdn hda tu ldp den ldp 9/12, chua cd trinh dp sa cap chinh tri; tai 11 ban thudc huyen Tuong Duong ed bi thu ehi bd eua ban Phd Ldm va Hudi San ed trirM dd Tuyen truyin van dong ddng bao Mong khong di c u trai phep Thdng tin KH-CN Nghe An [13] HOAT DONG KH-CN van hda 12/12, sd edn lai chi ed trinh dp van hda phd thdng casd * Tinh hinh kinh te: Tai huyen Que Phong, ed 397 hd vdi 3.170 khau la ngudi Mdng, ngudn Mu nhap ehinh la san xuat va chan nudi, dae biet Id lam Ilia, ray, binh quan dat 1.20 ngan ddng/ngudi/thang San pham de budn ban trao ddi la hang thd cam, gia siic, gia cam Trong 397 hd cd tdi 146 hd ngheo (cMem ty le gan 36%) Tai huyen Tuang Duong, ed 517 hd vdi 3.266 khau Id ngudi Mdng, dien tich liia nude ehi cd 5,5ha, ed 80% sd hd thu rMap binh quan dudi 300 ngdn ddng/ngudi/thdng va ed 20%) sd hd cd thu nhap 300 ngan ddng/ngudi/thang Ty le hd ngheo ddng bdo Mdng chiem 80%> so vdi toan huyen Tai huyen Ky San, ddng bdo Mdng ehii yeu lam nuang ray, dien tieh liia nude khdng dang ke, chan nudi gia siic, gia cam chua nhieu, mdt sd hd phdt trien dan trau bd tu 20-50 eon (chu yeu tha rdng riMg) Rieng xa Hudi Tu, Mudng Ldng, Na Ngoi da ed rMiMg chuyen dich ca cau kinh te tdt, ddng bdo Mdng trdng che tuyet san, man tam hoa, hoa ly, dong rieng, nudi ed hdi cho thu rMap khd Ket qua dieu tra tai huyen Ky Son, Tucmg Duong, Que Phong cho thay: Ddng bdo Mdng chua ed md hinh kinh te trang trai, md hinh chuyen ddi cay trdng chua rd net, chua dem lai hieu qud kinh te eao; Sdn xuat tieu thu cdng nghiep chua phat trien; Mang ludi chg vMig cao chua cd Kinh te vung ddng bao Mdng the Men rat rd tinh tu cung tu cap va dang gap rat nhieu khd khan * Tinh hinh vdn hoa - xd hoi, ca sd hg tdng: Mang ludi vd CO sd vat chat cho ede tram xd xa khu vuc mien nm Nghe An duge tdng cudng da dii ve sd lugng, song chat lugng chua eao Viec thu hM cdn bd y te ve cdng tde d eac huyen mien niii, vung sau, vung xa edn khd khan Sdng phat thanh, truyen hinh da tmig budc dugc cung ed, phat triln Den phdt da phii sdng duge 95%, truyin hirM phii sdng dugc 80%) khu vuc mien mii Nghe An Tuy vay, tai nhieu viing ddng bdo Mdng vi chua co dien nen khdng the xem dugc Cac boat ddng vdn hda, van nghe, the due the thao dang rdt ngheo nan Thuc trang di cir trai phep cua dong bao Mdng giai doan 2000-2008 Tu ket qua dieu tra tai 30 bdn, ddn bien phdng eiia huyen vdi 612 mau phieu dieu tra, ed the darM gid thuc trang di cu trdi phep eua ddng bao Mdng tai huyen tren nhu sau: Tu nam 2000 den nam 2008, tinh hinh di eu trai phep eiia ddng bao Mdng d huyen sang Lao ngdy cdng phat trien, da dang va kha phiie tap Trong vdng ndm, ed 919 hd, 5.484 khau di cu trdi phep sang Ldo, dd phan theo dia bdn gdm: Ky Son cd 597 hd, 3.570 khau; Tuang Duong co 183 hd, 904 khdu; Qui Phong cdl26hd, 1.014 khau Bang: So ho ngu'di Mong di cu" trai phep sang Lao 2000-2008 Nam So ho So khau 2000 178 1.013 2001 170 925 Thdi gian di eu ciia ngudi Mdng thudng sau vu thu hoach liia, ray tiic khoang cudi thdng 11 am lich, trudc vd sau tet Mdng, tet am lich (30/12-15/1) Day la giai doan thu hoach xong, dat eiing da bac mau, ddng bao Mdng lai cd thdi gian nhdn rdi nen S6 8/2010 2002 69 405 2003 76 433 2004 56 360 2005 78 606 mudn di tim viing dat tdt ban de phat ray ldm nuang, bode dip tet ed truyen eiia dan tde Viet Nam, mdt sd trudc day di cu sang Lao thudng ve que cii an tet, sau dd ddn anh em hp hdng cung sang Lao, ehii yeu la eac tinh Vieng Chan, Bd Ly Khdm 2006 2007 2008 123 778 81 454 88 540 Xay, Hiia Phdn va Xieng Khodng Ket qua phdng van sd ddng bao Mdng di cu sang Lao quay trd ve Viet Nam cho thay thai dp ciia chinh quyen co sd d Lao khdng ddng rMat Men tugng Cd 86/111 hd ddng bdo Mdng d xa Tri Le, Thdng tin KH-CN Nghe An (14) HOAT DONG KH-CN huyen Qui Phong di eu trdi phep sang Lao trd vl thi ed 86/86 hd diu ban Lao ddy dudi, cd 37/86 hd phai ddng le phi di eu trdi phep sang nude ban Lao vdi sd tiln la 7.000.000 ddng/bd Viec di cu qua nude ban Lao ciia ngudi Mdng nhilu nguyen nhan nhu sau: Nguyen nhan muu sinh kinh t l cd 721 hd vdi 3.876 khau (78%); Nguyen nhdn quan he ddng tdc, hp hang cd 435 hd vdi 3.236 khdu (47%); Nguyen nhdn phong tuc tap qudn cd 324 hd vdi 2.951 khau (35%); Nguyen nhdn nhu cau tin ngudng cd 31 hd vdi 231 khdu (3%); Nguyen nhan tae ddng, ldi keo eua eac thi luc thu dicb vd eac loai tdi pham CO 21 hd vdi 156 khau (2%).' Giai phap de ngan ngOra tinh trang di cir trai phep cua dong bao Mdng tinh Nghe An sang nudc ban Lao a Nhom cdc gidi phdp ve cong tdc tuyen truyen dong bdo Mong Cdng tae tuyen truyen can tap trung vdo nhimg ndi dung: dudng ldi chinh sach cua Dang vd Nhd nudc doi vdi mien nm dan tde; Luat bien gidi; edng tdc qudn ly xudt nhap ednh; su that vl viec lap "Vuang qudc Mdng" eiia eae the lire thu dich; khdng theo dao trai phep; khdng trdng cay thudc phien; khdng mua ban, tdng trir sii dung chat ma tuy; khdng tham gia tilp tay cho phi Xdy dung td ehiic ca sd Dang, chii trpng phdt trien So 8/2010 Giup ddng bao Mong dung nha mdi Dang vung ddng bao Mdng, bdo dam ban Mdng nao ciing cd dang vien, xa nao eiing cd ehi bd hoac Dang bd CO sd rMdm tdng cudng su lanh dao ciia Dang dan tdc Mdng Cac td ehiic Dang phai lay viec tuyen truyen, van ddng va chdm lo lgi ich eua ddng bdo Mdng lam ndi dung chii yeu boat ddng eua minh Can bd he thdng ehinh tri co sd phai di sau, di sat tim hieu, nam bdt duge tam tu, nguyen vgng, nhiMg van de biic xiic ddng bdo Mdng d dia phuang Mat tran vd cac doan the nhan dan can phdi hgp thudng xuyen, chat che vdi eac co quan Nha nudc cung eae lire lugng va td chiic diMg chan tren dia bdn van ddng ddng bao Mdng xda ddi, gidm ngheo, viia ldm tdt ehiic ndng tuyen truyen, gido due, vua quan tdm, bao ve lgi ich chinh ddng eua nhan dan, ddng vien, bdi dudng, hudng dan va phat huy vai trd eua nhirng ngudi ed uy tin ddng bao Mdng viec thuc hien ehinh sach dan tdc eua Ddng vd Nhd nude d eac ban, cac xa vung dan tdc Mdng Tien hanh tuyen truyen van ddng thudng xuyen, van ddng tap trung va van ddng ed biet vung ddng bao Mdng ve ehinh sdch dan tde, ve eae chuong trinh di chuyen dan cu, xda ddi giam ngheo, xay dung nep sdng van minh, hda nhap edng ddng, bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai Khi phat hien ed nhiing hd ed y dinh di eu trai phep sang Ldo, can tien hdnh van ddng tap trung va van ddng ed biet, vira sii dung can bd he thdng chirM tri, vua su dung sd gia lang, trudng ban, ngudi cd uy tin de van ddng b Nhom cdc gidi phdp ve chinh sdch ho trg dong bdo Mong dinh canh dinh cu, phdt Thong tin KH-CN Nghe An (151 HOAT DONG KH-CN trien kinh te, vdn hoa, xd hoi, on dinh cugc song Dau tu phdt trien cho vung ddng bdo Mdng, giam bdt su each biet phat trien kinh te - xa hdi eiia ddng bdo Mdng vdi cdng ddng dan tdc khac la muc tieu phat trien lau ddi va la gidi phap ea ban nhat nhdm phdng ngua tinh trang di eu trdi phep ciia ddng bdo Mdng sang nudc ban Lao Cac giai phdp bao gdm: Day manh cdng tac xda ddi giam ngheo, nang eao miie sdng cho ddng bdo Mdng, rMat la d khu vuc tap trung nhieu hd, nhieu khau di cu trai phep sang Lao bdi theo khao sat, khu vuc ed miic ngheo khd rat cao; Phat huy thi manh ve gidng cay, eon ciia ddng bao Mdng dang duge thi trudng ua chudng rMu cdnh kien dd, khoai sp, bi xarM, ga den, trau, bd ; Tang cudng eae boat ddng van hda thdng tin hudng ve eac ban lang, thuc hien phu sdng phat thanh, truyen hinh khap eae vung niii, vung sau, vMig xa; Thue hien tdt cdng tae kham chiia berM, cham sdc siie khoe cho ddng bao dan tdc Mdng; Cling ed va nang eao chat lugng he thdng ehinh tri ea sd d cdc Vung ddng bdo Mdng; Rd soat danh gia thuc trang ddi ngQ can bd edng ehiic ngudi dan tde Mdng de quy hoach, dao tao, bdi dudng, su dung, dai ngd, Man chuyen Ddi vdi sd ngudi Mdng bi ban Lao trao tra hoac tu trd ve: Cdc dia phuang can tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho hg dugc dn dinh cudc sdng, giiip So 8/2010 dd, ling hd hp vl mat vat chat va tinh than, cho hp dugc hudng eae dich vu xa hdi; Tuyet ddi khdng de xuat hien tam ly khdng mudn rMan, cho dd la ganh nang eiia dia phuang, bdi dieu se dan tdi su trdi ndi ciia sd ngudi Mdng dd va hp lai phai tiep tue di eu trai phep de kiem ke sinh nhai; Can lap du an sap xep, dn dirM hp theo hinh thiic xen ghep c Nhom gidi phdp qudn ly hdnh chinh ve trdt tu xd hgi vd an ninh quoc phdng Tap trung lam tdt ndi dung ciia bien phap quan ly hanh ehinh ve trat tu xa hdi Nha nude quy dinh de cung vdi cdc gidi phdp khdc phdng ngiia tinh trang di cu trai phep sang Lao ciia ddng bao Mdng; Xu phat nghiem, dii siie ran de ddi vdi eac trudng hgp di cu trai phep eiia ddng bao Mdng sang nude Lao bi bat qua tang hoac trd ve du bang eon dudng ndo (tu trd ve hoac bi ban trao tra); On dinh dan eu bien gidi khdng the xem la mdt viec lam don le, giao phd cho mdt don vi chuyen trach nao dd la cd the lam dugc, ma can cd su ket hgp chat che giira tirM, huyen va xa, giira eac nganh ed lien quan dd mdi dn dinh dugc dan eu bien gidi; Phai ket hgp chat che giira edng tae xda ddi giam ngheo va dau tu xay dung ea sd tang, dn dinh nai sinh sdng cho ddng bdo d Nhom gidi phdp khdc Tap trung nang cao trinh dan tri vd phai coi dd la dieu kien de xda ddi gidm ngheo ben vimg ddi vdi ddng bao Mdng nham loai tru nguyen nhan eua viec di cu trai phep Cap liy, chinh quyen eac cdp, nhat la cap huyen, phoi hgp chat che vdi bd dpi Bien phdng manh dan chpn cac khu vuc, cac thung Mng phdt triln duge cay liia nudc de dua cac ban ddng bdo Mdng den dinh canh, dirM cu, tap trung cac ngudn dau tu de xay nha theo Id trinh thieh hgp, hudng dan ddng bao san xudt liia nudc, chan nudi dam bao nguon luang thuc, nang eao ddi song, lam cho hp yen tam san xuat, khdng nghT tdi viec di cu trai phep Cap liy, chirM quyen tir tinh den CO sd phdi hgp chat che vdi eae co sd gidi thieu viec lam 6k dua sd lao ddng thdng ddng bao Mdng di lam viec d ngoai tiiM va xuat khau lao ddng nham gidm bdt tinh trang thieu viec lam, tao dieu kien ed thu rMap kinh te cho tMig hd gia dirM Trong nhiing nam tdi, tinh nen giao cho cdc sd, ban, ngarM cap tinh vd de nghi cac doanh nghiep ldn tren dia ban tinh hang nam true tiep giiip cac ban ddng bdo Mdng de hp thoat ngheo Tai huyen Ky San, Tuong Duang, Que Phong vd eac xd cd ddng bdo Mdng can lap eac Ban xu ly tirM hinh di eu trai phep eiia ddng bdo Mdng sang nudc ban Lao de chii ddng phdng chdng tinh trang dd, ddng thdi de xuat kip thdi eac giai phdp ddi vdi so ddng bao Mdng di eu trd ve du bang dudng nudc ban trao trd hoac tu trd ve./ Thdng tin KH-CN Nghe An (i6] ... mudn rMan, cho dd la ganh nang eiia dia phuang, bdi dieu se dan tdi su trdi ndi ciia sd ngudi Mdng dd va hp lai phai tiep tue di eu trai phep de kiem ke sinh nhai; Can lap du an sap xep, dn dirM... danh gia thuc trang ddi ngQ can bd edng ehiic ngudi dan tde Mdng de quy hoach, dao tao, bdi dudng, su dung, dai ngd, Man chuyen Ddi vdi sd ngudi Mdng bi ban Lao trao tra hoac tu trd ve: Cdc dia... Phong di eu trdi phep sang Lao trd vl thi ed 86/86 hd diu ban Lao ddy dudi, cd 37/86 hd phai ddng le phi di eu trdi phep sang nude ban Lao vdi sd tiln la 7.000.000 ddng/bd Viec di cu qua nude ban