N g h i e n ciiu Gia d i n h va G i i So - Khac biet gidii hanh vi gay han cua hoc sinh tmng hoc thong Hoang Xuan Dung Trung tam nghien ciru ve Phu nu?- Oai hoc quoc gia Ha Noi T o m t a t : Dua tren viec phan tich so' lieu dieu tra hoc sinh trung hoc phd thong d tinh, phd'la Ha Noi, Bac Ninh va Thai Binh nam 2009 - 2010, tac gia cho tha'y h a n h vi gay ban, bao lUc hoc dudng co d ca hoe sinh nd va hoc sinh nam Trong hoan canh binh thddng, it sU khieu khich, hoc sinh nam cd xu hddng thUc hien cac h a n h vi gay h a n nhieu hdn hoc sinh nQ NhUng hoan canh bi xuc pham, hoe sinh nQ cung thUc hien cac hanh vi gay ban cd tinh chat bao lUe de "tra dua" ddi pbUdng Diem khac biet h a n h vi gay han eiia hoc sinh nQ so vdi hoc sinh nam la cae em nQ thudng tham gia vao cac dang gay ban gian tie'p nham lam nan nhan ton thitong ve mat tinh than nhieu hdn la t h a m gia vao cac da-ng gay han trUc tie'p, khien nan nhan dau ddn ve mat the xac Tac gia cho rang can cd nhQng hanh dong thiet thdc va tich cUc de ngan chan cac hinh thQc bao iQc hoc sinh, chu y de'n nhQng khac biet gidi hanh vi gay han Tif k h d a : Hanh yi gay han; Nu hoc sinh trung hoc phd thdng; Gidi va h a n h vi gay ban Hoang Xuan Dung 69 Oqt vdn de Hang nam, td chQc Y te the gidi (WHO) vin dua nhung thd'ng ke nhim d n h bio vl tinh trang bao lye tren the gidi Nhung pham vi ldp hgc, khd cd the thd'ng ke dugc cd bao nhieu hanh ddng bao lye, gay han xly hang ngly Cd thl ndi, hien tugng gay ban giQa hgc sinh vdi diln mgi IQc, mgi noi va d mgi d p PTinh thQc gay ban rai da dang, tQ viec treu chgc, mIng nhilc, nhao bang, tung tin ddn dl ndi xlu, tay chay, cd lap ddi tugng din viec de dga, trln lot dd dung, danh dap nan nhan Dinh dilm cua hinh vi gay ban la hinh ddng giet ngudi hoac gilt ngudi hang loat, nhu nhung gi diln tham hga hgc dudng nam 2007 tai bang Virgnia, nude My Su kien dugc coi nhu mdt tan thim kich lam d the gidi cha'n ddng vl tinh trang bao lye trudng hgc Ml dd, ke sat nhan vQa la ngudi thu ac, vQa la nan nhan cua tlnh trang gly ba'n, bi thu ghet bdi nhung ngudi cung hgc Tai Viet Nam, vQa qua, du luan rat bang hoang vi nhung doan video clip dugc hgc sinh tung len mang Ndi dung chfnh cua nhQng doan phim nly la tran dinh hdi ddng cua mdt nhdm nQ sinh trung hgc phd thdng (THPT) tren dia ban HI Ndi Tham kich Virginia vl doan phim ndi tren khdng tuong ddng vl mQc Nhung mdt lan nQa, nd rung ldn hdi chudng d n h bao vl nan bao lye hoe dudng d Viet Nam Theo phan anh cua bio chf, ddi vdi mdt sd hgc sinh THPT tai d c tinh/ phd, chuyen danh nhau, dim chem giQa d e em la chuyen binh thudng va dang d mQc phd bien Nhilu tran bdn chien, danh hdi ddng cua d c bang nhdm hgc sinh da xay ma kit qua cua chQng la ngudi thi di d p cQu, ngudi thi hlu toa bd ddng phyc hgc sinh Trong mdt so nam gin day, hien tugng gay ban - bao lye hgc dudng cd ca sy tham gia cua nQ sinh Bai viei trinh bIy co sd khoa hgc cua nhQng khac biet gidi hanh vi gay ban dudi quan dilm cua tam ly hgc xa hdi Ddng thdi, bii viet phic hga thye trang gay bin hgc dudng cua nQ sinh THFF hien nay, can cQ tren kit qua cua nghien ciiti vl thye trang gay ban cua hgc sinh THPT PGS.TS Trln Thi Minh DQc chu tri vdi sy tai trg cua Trung tam Hd trg Nghien cQu Chau A va Quy Giao dye Cao hgc Hin Qudc - Dai hgc Qudc gia HI Ndi (4/2009 - 4/2010) Nghien cQu dugc tien hanh blng d c h chgn mlu ngiu nhien tren 771 hgc sinh THPT d tinh, phd 11 HI Ndi, Ble Ninh va Thai Binh KhIch thl tham gia nghien cQu la hgc sinh cua d c trudng cdng lap, trudng chuyen, trudng dan lap va trung tam giao dye thudng xuyen Ti le khach the nghien cQn la hgc sinh gdm 34% hgc sinh nam va 66% hgc sinh nQ Khach the nghien cQn nlm tudi tQ 15-19 tudi va tap trung g d khdi ldp cua bac THPT Ngoai sy 70 Nghien cUu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 20, so 3, tr 68-77 tham gia cua 771 hgc sinh, dl tai cdn cd sy tham gia cua 45 khach the nghien cun khIc 11 giao vien chu nhiem vl phy huynh hgc sinh Gidi tinh vd hdnh vi gdy hdn Gay ban 11 mdt nhQng khai niem khd nlm bit nhat cua Tam ly hgc xa hdi Mac du cdn cd sy tranh cai xung quanh khIi niem vl Hanh vi gay bin nhung d c nhi Tim ly hgc va Xa hdi hgc diu thd'ng nhai vdi d mdt luan dilm quan trgng nhin nhan vl hanh vi gay ban Dd la gay ban dugc bieu la hinh vi llm tdn thuang den ngudi khac, lam tdn thuang chfnh minh vl tam If, thuc thl hoac lam tdn hai de'n vat the xung quanh mot d c h cd y cho du cd dat dugc mye dfch hay khdng Tdng quan d c tai lieu chQng tdi nhan tha'y gay bin 11 mdt thuat ngQ cd ndi ham vdi d c tfnh chat sau: Gay ban chi tfnh chat cua hanh vi la tfnh ban, bung tfnh, tinh xam kfch Hanh vi gay tdn hai, gly thuang tfch cho ngudi khac mdt d c h cd y, lap di lap lai nhilu lln Ngudi thudng xuydn cd banh vi gay bin ludn cd tam the giai quyet mau thuin cua minh blng bao lye mot each dQ ddi, cdn ggi la hieu chien Chu the cd trang thii gay ban thudng cd xu hudng dung sQc manh ca hgc (nlm dam, da, dap, xd, day ) hoac su dyng nhQng vQ khf cd xung quanh (gay gdc, dao, sung ) llm cdng cy dl din Ip ngudi khIc Gay ban the hien nhu mdt xu hudng tfnh d c h cua ngudi O nhQng ngudi cd bilu hien gay ban thl ldi ndi va hanh ddng cua hg ludn ludn cd xu hudng tan cdng ngudi khIc Khi gay ban trd mdt xu hudng cua nhan each thi ngudi dd ludn khdng du khien tri dl ling nghe, khdng du kien tri de thao luan va thuong lugng va cQng khdng cd ky nang dilu chinh tuc gian cua minh Hanh vi gay ban the hien nhQng xung ddng thien vl tfnh chit benh ly, chi trang thai bdc phat tung can dQ ddi ma cue diem ngudi dd cd thl gay In mang, tu tu, trdn nha, bao ddng Xung ddng gay bin thuc day ngudi tdi hanh vi khdng suy xet, hanh vi tan nhin Chu thl khdng cd ky nang dilu chinh tQc gian cua minh ml de banh ddng tioi theo ban nang Vl binh thuc, gay bin dugc bilu hien qua nhilu hinh thQc khac TQ viec cd y thap hay khdng coi trgng gia tri cua ngudi khac (nhu thudng xuyen ndi vdi hg ring hg that ngu ngd'c), xuc pham va thap ngudi khac trudc mat mgi ngudi, nhan xet vl binh thQc, trf tue, kha nang cua ngudi dd bang nhQng ldi le gay tdn thuong de'n viec khung bd hay de dga blng ldi le xQc pham, tao khdng khf.cang thing, lo ling khien ngudi H o a n g Xuan D u n g 71 khac ludn d m thay khdng an toan Ngudi gay ban cung cd bieu hien nhu phdt Id, tQ choi cung nhu khdng the hien tinh yeu thuang, gilu diem ldi chi din khien ngudi khac gap nguy hiem Ngoai ra, sy gay ban cdn bieu hien nhu xui giyc hay cudng ep ngudi khac thye bien binh vi khdng phu hgp, khien ngudi khac pbit trien khdng binh thudng vl mat d m xuc va gap khd khan giao tilp xa bdi Hoac, tao qui nhilu Ip lye budc ngudi khac phai llm nhung dilu vugt qua kha' nang hoac khdng phu hgp vdi trinh do, IQa tudi Hinh vi gay ban cdn bilu hien d viec tim mgi d c h cd lap khdng cho dd giao tilp vdi nhung ngudi xung quanh, hoac ngan d m tiep can d c dich vu xa hdi nhu y te, gilo due Tham chf hg cdn d m thay thfch thQ budc ngudi khIc phai chQng kie'n d c hanh ddng bao lye ; , • ! < ,u Hinh vi gay ban the hien rd nhat lam tdn hai ban than hoac ngudi khac vl mat the chit Gay ban la nhtrng hanh ddng ma ngudi gay bin sQ dyng sQc manh co bip (tay, chan) hoac cdng cy, tham chf la d vu klif gay dau ddn vl the xac ddi vdi nan nhan NhQng hanh vi phd bie'n nhu dinh, dap, tat, dam, da gay thuong tfch titn co thl nan nhan VI phan loai, d c nha khoa hgc chia hai loai hanh vi gay ban la gay hin thu dich va gay bin phuong tien Gly ban thu dich xuat phIt tQ sy gian dQ va dugc thuc hien nhim thda man gian dQ Gay ban phuang tien khdng bit ngudn tu sy gian dQ nhung dugc thye hien nhu mdt cdng cy de dat tdi nhiing muc dfch dac biet Vf du, sy gay ban cd the xly ma khdng cd mdt chut diu vet cua sy tQc gian hay bin thu nao nhu trudng hgp ke sat nhan dugc thue dl gilt mdt ngudi la mat Viec gilt ngudi xay edt de dat dugc nhung lgi fch cd gia tri nhu tiln bac hoac sy kham phyc cua ddng bgn Sy gay bin thu dich thi "ndng", sy gay bin phuong tien lai "lanh" Sy khac biet giQa gay ban thu dich va gay ban phuang tien cua ngudi tuong ty sy khIc biet giQa gay ban dugc mieu tl qua sy bdc Id tfnh dQ va "sy gay bin im lang" mdt thu rdn ren di tdi mdi cua d c loai ddng vat (Frehbaick, 1970; Buss, 1971) Vl mat thuat ngu, rat nhilu ngudi nhim lln ddng nhat khai niem bao lye va khai niem gay bin Trong gay bin cd thl cd banh vi bao lye, bao lye cQng cd thl bieu hien rd thii gay bin Tuy nbidn chQng khdng phii la mdt Ne'u hanh vi bao lye xem xet hau qua cua hanh ddng thl hanh vi gay ban xem xet d ban chat hanh ddng, tuc la hanh ddng dd cd phii la sy cd y cua d nhan khdng va sy cd y dd bao gdm cu chi, banh ddng, ldi ndi ed thl chi cd nguy ca de dga sy an toan cua mdt d nhan hoac da lam tdn thuang d nhan khac Vdi y nghia thi banh vi gay ban cd y nghia rdng ban hanh vi bao luc 72 Nghien cUu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 20, so' 3, tr 68-77 Khi nghien cQu vl hanh vi gay ban, d c nha tam ly hgc xa hdi cd khuynh hudng cho ring hanh vi gay bin cua ngudi khdng phai ban nang Nhung tren thye t i d e nha tam ly hgc xa hdi cung khdng phu nhan vai trd cua d c ye'u td sinh hgc Mdt d c ye'u td sinh hgc cd thl ke de'n la d c hormone sinh dye Mac du hormone sinh dye nam (testosterone) cd d d nam gidi va nQ gidi nhung dac thu cua nam gidi la cd lugng testosterone cao ban d nQ gidi Ne'u chit Inh hudng ldn de'n d c h cu xQ gay ban thi cd the cd sy lidn quan giQa gidi tfnh va hinh vi gay bin Nhtrng nghien ciru cua James Dabbs vl cdng sy (1995, 1997 & 2001) da llm rd vai trd cua testosterone viec kfch ddng sy gay ban, hieu chie'n Trong nghien cuii cua James Dabbs vl nhiing pham nhan d tu ( d dan dng lln dan bl), James Dabbs da tim tha'y mdt lugng ldn testoterone mau ciia nhQng ten sat nhan hang loat Nhung tu nhan cd lugng testosterone cao ban thudng vi pham luat le nha tu nhilu ban So sanh mdt trudng dai hgc ngudi ta thiy nhung sinh vien khd bao, vd trach nhiem xa hdi thudng cd lugng testosterone trung binh cao ban nhung sinh vien binh thudng khIc Testoterone dugc vf gidng nhu mdt thQ pin chua nang lugng gay ban Chi nang lugng cua pin xudng thap thi mgi thQ mdi giam di mdt d c h rd ret Neu lugng testosterone gay nen tfnh hieu chien thi dilu dd ed nghia 11 dan dng thudng hieu chie'n nhilu hon phu nQ? Hiln nhien la nhu vay Mdt VI du dien hinh dd la trdn dudng phd Nhieu ngudi dan dng coi viec bi d n trd giao thdng la sy si nhuc vl ho se phan Qng lai mdt d c h tQc gian Phy nQ coi viec nhe nhang hon Lugng testosterone cao ban d nam gidi giai thfch tai sd ddng ngudi bi bit vi pham tdi bao lye la nam gidi Phy nQ thudng bi bit vi d c tdi gia mao, an d p , IQa gat ban nhQng tdi lien quan tdi bao lye (gilt ngudi, tan cdng, banh hung) Sy khie biet la ban chat sinh hgc hay d c ye'u td xa hdi? Chua ban de'n d c ylu td xa hdi quy dinh vai trd cua ngudi phy nQ vl dan dng, d day ta thay rd rang cd sy khac biet vl mat sinh hgc Mdt blng chQng ml chQng ta khdng the khdng ban tdi dd la sy khIc biet gidi bao lye gia dinh Ngudi chdng thudng cd xu hudng hanh vg minh nhilu ban va ti le nhQng ngudi dan dng am sat vg minh cung nhilu hon Mot cudc khao sat ndi tieng vl tre em cung cho thay mdt ket qui tuong ty E.Maccoby va Corol Facklin (1974) da chung minh ring d c be trai thudng hieu chiln ban d c be gai Trong nghien cuti nly, d c nha khoa hgc quan sit d e em be vui chai (gdm d c nin van boa khac nhau: My, Thyy Dien vl Etiopia) hg nhan thiy d c em trai cd nhilu hanh ddng "khdng thudc trd choi" nhu xd day, dinh ban 11 d c em gai The Hoang Xuan Dung 73 nbunjg nghien cun vl sy khac biet gidi tfnh thi phuc tap ban ngudi ta tudng Vf dy nhif du em trai bieu chie'n ban d c em gli, nhung d c em gai thudng bay to sy hilu chie'n kfn dao ban qua viec ndi xau sau lung vl "ke khac" ' ,,; ' • • , : Tuy nhien, nhan dinh cho ring din dng hieu chie'n hon phy nQ tdn tai nhung ngoai le Khi phan tfch dya trdn 64 cudc thf nghiem B.A.Betncorut va N.Miller (1996) da cho biet du su that la mdt sd hoan canh nhat dinh, dan dng hieu chien ban phu nQ, nhung sy khac biet giQa hai gidi se cdn rat ft ca hai thye sy bi khieu khfch Ndi d c h khac, cudc sd'ng hang ngay, khdng cd chuyen gi bat thudng xay thi dan dng thudng hieu chie'n hon phy nu, nhung tQc gian hay bi phi bang, phu nQ cQng chlng kem gi dan dng Lieu cd tdn tai nhQng khac biet gidi hanh vi gay ban? Lieu ed phai dan dng gay ban nhilu hon phy nQ? Ve mat truyin thd'ng cho thay dilu nly la dung, va d c phat hien nghien cuti cung cho tha'y trudng hgp quan sat khdng chfnh thuc da dung Khi mdt ngudi dugc hdi lieu hg da timg tham gia vIo bit ky banh ddng gay ban nio chua, dan dng cho thay ho tham gia nhilu vao d c hanh vi gay hon so vdi phy nQ (Harris, 1994) Tuy nhien thf nghiem gin day, buc tranh lien quan din nhQng khac biet gidi xu hudng gly bin da trd nen phQc tap ban Mdt mat, dan dng ndi chung thfch the hien d c hanh ddng gay bin ban phy nQ (Bogard, 1990; Harris, 1992, 1994) va khie biet dudng nhu la ed buxi d quang ddi, tham chf cl vdi nhung ngudi 70, 80 tudi (Walker, Richardson & Green, 2000) Mat khac, khoang each nhQng khie biet thay ddi nhilu theo d c tinh hudng .i ThQ nhai, d c khIc biet gidi gay ban khdng cd ylu td khieu khfch ldn ban 11 cd khieu khfch Ndi d c h khac, dan dng dac biet thfch gay ban vdi ngudi khIc hon phy nQ mac du ddi tugng khdng hi khieu khich hg theo mdt d c h nao dd (Betteneourt & Miller, 1996) Trong tinh hud'ng cd sy khieu khfch va dac biet dang rai ndng gian, nhQng khac biet gidi hanh vi gay ban cd chilu hudng khdng tdn tai ThQ hai, d c phat hien nghien cQu chi ring dan dng thfch tham gia vao d c dang gay ban tryc tiep hon phy nQ Dd la nhung hanh ddng nhim tryc tie'p vao mye tieu nhu hanh vl thl chat, dam sIm vao, xd day, nlm gi dd vao ngudi khac, quit thao, lang ma (Bjorkqvist va cdng sy, 1994) Tuy nbidn, phy nQ thich tham gia vao d c dang gay ban gian tie'p ban dan dng - nhung hanh ddng cho phep ngudi gay ban che dau nhan than vdi nan nhan, va mdt sd trudng hgp, nan nhan khd bilt dugc hg la muc tieu cua hanh ddng ham hai cd chu dich Nhiing hanh ddng bao 74 Nghien cUu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 20, so 3, tr 68-77 gdm lan truyin nhung tin ddn thai thiet ve ddi tugng, ban chuyen sau lung ddi tugng, theu det nhung cau chuyen dl khien ddi tugng gap ric rdi, v.v CIc phat hien nghien cQu chi ring d c khIc biet gidi lien.quan den gay bin xuat bien d tre em khoang tudi vl tang din den tudi trudng (Bjorkqvist vl cdng sy, 1994; Green, Richardson & Lago, 1996) Cac khac biet nly dugc quan sat tai mdt sd nude khac nhu Phln Lan, Thyy Dien, Ba Lan, Y vl Uc (Osterman va d c cdng sy, 1998; Owens, Shute & Slee, 2000) Vi vay kei qui cua nhung nghidn ciru nly dugc nhin nhan 11 tuong ddi tdng quit Hdnh vi gay hdn o hoc sinh trung hpc phd thong nhin tCf gdc gidi Xet tQ gdc gidi, sd lieu nghien cQu cua chung tdi cho tha'y so vdi tdng sd nam, sd hgc sinh nam gay ban d mQc thudng xuyen chie'm 8,85%, gay bin d mQc khdng thudng xuyen la 91,1% Trong dd so vdi tdng sd nQ, sd hgc sinh nQ gay bin d mQc thudng xuyen 11 2,1%, gay bin d mQc khdng thudng xuyen la 97,8% Nhu vay so vdi hgc sinh nQ, hgc sinh nam cd ty le gay ban thudng xuyen cao gap 4,06 lan hgc sinh nQ vl cao gap 1,97 lln so vdi tdng chung vl gay ban cua hgc sinh (Bieu dd 1) Trong bQe tranh chung vl gay ban hgc dudng, nhin tQ gdc gidi, hanh vi bao lye hgc dudng d nu sinh cd xu hudng gia tang Trong khoang thdi gian tQ nam 2007 - 2010, nhung video chp vl tran danh hdi ddng cua hgc sinh dugc phIt tin tren mang Internet diu nQ sinh thye hien Bao lye hgc dudng gid khdng cdn la "ddc quyen" cua nam sinh Bieu dd Khac biet gidi ve mQc dp gay han (%) 97.82 91.15 lOOi DMirc.do say han cLia hoc sinh nam 80 60 40 7^5" 20 D Mile gay han cua hoc sinh nCr 2.18 ^ Thudng xuyen i=^—^ Thi thoang H o a n g Xuan D u n g 75 "Hom qua tren dudng di ldm ve toi gap mot ddm hpc sinh cdp Td xa quan sdt toi thd'y co khodng 10 bgn hpc sinh nd vd chi co can hpc sinh nam Trong ddm hpc sinh ml dy co em trdng rd't "ngau " Khi xe toi lgi gdn, thi bdt ngd em hpc sinh trdng ngdn dd cdm cdy thudc ke bdng go md gido vien hay dimg, viit thdng vdo mat em hpc sinh nam Tdt cd that bdt ngd Toi thdy riing het cd ngudi Tdi nghe thdy bgn nam noi, dgi logi Id tgi can bi ddnh Vd cdii trd ldi Id: Tgi mdy noi xd'u bgn tao Qud that toi cdng chi ddng tudi chi cdc em nhifng nhin nhiing cdnh dy that ghe ngudi." (http://wl3.vnexpress.net/GL/Xa-hoi/ 2010/03/3BA19AFB/) Qua nhiing phdng van da thye hien, giao vien (GV) va hgc sinh cho biet tinh trang hgc sinh nQ gay bin, su dyng bao lye gid khdng cdn la hien tugng hiem d c trudng phd thdng NQ sinh dugc nhan xet la cung quay pha, ghe gdm nhu nam sinh "Trudng toi mdy ndm gdn ddy gidi quyet rat nhieu vii ml sinh ddnh Gdn ddy nhdt co em hpc sinh bi cdnh cdo trudc todn trudng vi ddnh nhau, cdc em dy cung ddm, dd, rdi ti'im toe, gigt qudn do, chiii bdi Noi chung gdi bdy gid cdng nghich nhu trai " (LTT, GV trudng THPT HT, Ble Ninh) "Nhung em ml bdy gid cdng ghe ldm, khieu khich cd gido vien, ddnh cd bgn be lap Co nhiing em ml Id cdn bp ldp liogt dpng dch cue thi bi em ml khde tdi rdn de "mdy ghi tao vdo sd md bi co gido kiem diem thi tao dap chet Ldn sau cdn tdi phgm, mdy dimg trdch tao Id dc " (KIT, GV trudng THPT LQD, Ha Ndi) Phln ldn d c em nQ da cd hanh vi danh cho ring bao lye giQa nu sinh 11 "binh thudng", cd the "chap nhan dugc" "Chdng qua em chi tdt no vdi cdi thdi, dn thua gi Chi len mgng md xem, dda khde no co nhii'ng vii ddnh cdn dc liet han the " (NTH, nu, Trung tam GDTX TT, Ha Ndi) Mdt sd hgc sinh dugc hdi vl hanh vi gay ban - bao lye cua nu sinh cung cho ring hien tugng bao lye cua nQ sinh la chuyen xay binh thudng trudng PTTH, vi dd la mdt khfa canh cho thiy sy "binh ding gidi" "Nam ml binh ddng md trai ddnh dugc thi gdi cdng vdy " (PMC, nam, Trung tam GDTX TT, Ha Ndi) Cd nhung ly rat nhd nhung cQng la cd dl hgc sinh nQ su dyng bao lye nhu "tha'y ghet thi danh", tha'y d e ban "kieu", "vdnb", "chenh", "trdng ngQa mit" (theo ngdn ngQ d c em hien hay dung) Nhung xfcb mi'ch rat nhd nhu di tren d u thang, gid sinh boat tap the cd va 76 Nghien cUu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 20, so 3, tr 68-77 cham, d c em cung ty cho rang minh bi "nhin diu", bi "soi mdi", bi xuc pham din tdi hinh vi gay ban "Chi cdn mpt chut hie'u ldm, xich mich nhd Id coi nhuco chuyen de noi, hom trudc cdn Id bgn, hom sau dd mot mdt mot cdn " (NDT, GV trudng THPT HT Ble Ninh) GiQa d c em nu; nguyen nhan gly ban, danh ldn vdi vi ly ghen tudng cung phd biln Ne'u d c mau thuin dd ididng dugc gili quylt kip thdi thl se d n g bi dly len cao hon "Cdc em mlcd nhieu mdi quan he ben ngodi (ddc biet Id vdi cdc bgn khde gidi), co the ciing di hpc tgi ldp hpc them, nai co nhieu HS ciia trudng khde theo hpc, chinh a ddy dd xud't hien nhieu mdi tinh hpc trd, CO the nhieu em nd (hpc ciing lap, ciing trUdng) ciing thich mpt bgn nam, co si/ddki, ghen ghet ldn nhau, nen co nhiing xich mich ve ldi noi, cd khia vdi rdi ddn tdi xo xdt." (NTKL, GV trudng THPT LQD, Ha Ndi) Gilo vien cho biet d mQc nhe, vQa phai thi d c em nQ chi cai va, chi trich, chui mIng Nang ban thi d c em danh trudng hoac nhd ngudi khie de'n giai quyet hd vi cho ring minh khdng dugc tdn trgng vl d n phai xu ly ke dl bio ve chfnh minh Mgt sd em nQ nhd de'n anh trai, ban trai de "dan mat" ddi phuong Dang chQ y la hlu hit nhQng lln danh diu tien diu diln pham vi trudng hgc, va nhung lan danh tie'p theo da sd diln ngoli trudng hgc dl thoat khdi sy kilm soat, ky luat cua thay cd gilo vl nhi trudng Ddi vdi viec su dyng phuang tien danh nhau, khac vdi hgc sinh nam, hgc sinh nQ thudng khdng su dyng phuang tien nao, nhung cd hinh vi nhuc ma hoac tum tdc, d o d u , xe ao ddi phuong Hanh vi tren khdng gay nen nhiing thuong tfch nghiem trgng vl thl chat nhung lai gay nen nhung tdn thuong vl tam ly, tinh thin ddi vdi nan nhin bi chui rua hit sQc tuc tiu, hoac bi xe lo giQa noi ddng ngudi Khi dugc ngudi ldn can ngan thi thii cua nhilu em td bit d n , thach thQc: "Co ldn chifng kien mpt nhom gdi ddnh toi da cd ldi noi vdi em gdi do, vd em gdi dd phdn I'mg lgi bdng cdch noi toi bdng nhung ldi tuc tiu Con gdi gid rdi Id hdng Cdn trai thi sT dien, thdy CO bgn gdi thi ndi mdu "yeng hiing " Hpc trd bdy gid khdng nhu hpc trd thdi xifa Chung ghe gdm lam " (NTH, nQ, phy huynh hgc sinh) Nhu vay, d c sd lieu nghien cun vl phdng van sau cua chQng tdi cho tha'y banh vi gay bin, bao lye hgc dudng cd d ca hgc sinh nQ va hgc sinh nam Trong hoan d n h bmh thudng, ft sy khieu khfch thi hgc sinh nam cd H o a n g Xuan D u n g 77 XU hudng hanh vi gay ban nhilu ban hgc sinh nQ Nhung hoan d n h bi xQc pham, hgc sinh nQ cung thuc hien d e hanh vi gay ban cd tfnh chat bao lye dl "tra dua" hoac "din mat" ddi phuong Dilm khac biet hanh vi gay ban cua hgc sinh nQ so vdi hgc sinh nam la d e em nQ thudng tham gia vao d c dang gay ban giln tie'p nhim lam nan nhan tdn thuang vl mat tinh thin nhieu hon 11 tham gia vao d c dang gay ban tryc tie'p, khiin nan nhan dau ddn vl mat the xac Hien nay, nglnh gilo dye nudc ta dang phai ddi mat vdi tlnh trang gay ban, bao luc hgc dudng cd xu hudng d n g gia tang vl sd lugng va md rdng vl pham vi, cang nguy hiem vl tfnh chat va mQc do, d n g da dang ve ddi tugng tham gia, phong phQ ve bilu hien va kilu loai, nguyen nhan de phat sinh bao lye cung ngly d n g don gian Trong khudn khd cua bii bao nay, chQng tdi khdng cd tham vgng dua nhung d c h thQc tie ddng nhim giam thilu tlnh trang gay bin hgc dudng d hgc sinh Tuy nhien, qua nghien cQu chQng tdi nhan thay tinh trang gay bin hgc dudng vin se tdn tai chung ta khdng cd hanh ddng thiet thye va tfch eye de ngan chan d c hinh thQc bao lye d hgc sinh, dd chu y de'n nhung khac biet gidi hanh vi gay hln.B Tai lieu tham khao Bjorkqvist, OsteiTnan & Hjeh-Buck 1994 Sex Role Publisher Springer Netherlands Eleanor Maccoby & Corol Facklin 1974 The Psychology of Sex Differences - by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University, Printed in the United States of America J.M Jr., & Dabbs, M.G 2000 Heroes, Rogues, and Lovers: Testosterone and Behavior New York: McGraw-Hill Laurence Owens, Phillip Slee, and Rosalyn Shute 2000 'It Hurts a Hell of a Lot ': The Effects of Indirect Aggression on Teenage Girls - School' Psychology International, 2000 21: 359-376 Mary B Harris Aggressive behavior Pages 201 - 217, Wiley-Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company Richardson, D R., Green, L., & Lago, T 1998 "The relationship between perspective taking and nonaggressive responding in the face of attack" Journal of Personality, 66, 235-256 Walker, S., Richardson, D R., & Green, L R 2000 Aggression among older adults: The relationship of interaction networks and gender role to direct and indirect responses Aggressive Behavior, 26, 145-154 Wilham Bogard 1992 Sociological Theory Vol 10, No 2, Published by: ,,, , ;., , , American Sociological Association ... hgc Tai Viet Nam, vQa qua, du luan rat bang hoang vi nhung doan video clip dugc hgc sinh tung len mang Ndi dung chfnh cua nhQng doan phim nly la tran dinh hdi ddng cua mdt nhdm nQ sinh trung hgc... thudng vi pham luat le nha tu nhilu ban So sanh mdt trudng dai hgc ngudi ta thiy nhung sinh vien khd bao, vd trach nhiem xa hdi thudng cd lugng testosterone trung binh cao ban nhung sinh vien binh... hanh vi bao lye hgc dudng d nu sinh cd xu hudng gia tang Trong khoang thdi gian tQ nam 2007 - 2010, nhung video chp vl tran danh hdi ddng cua hgc sinh dugc phIt tin tren mang Internet diu nQ sinh