TCNCYH 66 (1) - 2010 BIET VE HIV/AIDS vA BENH LAY TRUYEN QUA DliOiNG TINH DUC (LTQDTD) CUA DONG BAO D A N TOC XA MIEN NUI HUYEN DAKRONG TINH QUANG TRI N A M 2009 D A N H GIA HIEU Ha Thi M i n h Nguyet^ Nguydn M i n h Sdn^ ^Trung tam nghien cdu va Dao tao HIV/AIDS - Tnfdng Dai hgc Y Ha Ndi; ^Be) mdn Djch ti hgc, Dai hgc Y Ha Ngi; Muc tieu: md ti kien thdc HIV vi cic benh liy truyin qua ditdng Hnh due (LTQDTD) ciia dong bio din tdc thieu sd xa miin niii Hnh Quing Trj Do'i tugng va phuang pbap ngbiSn cdu: nghiSn cdu dt ngang 438 ddi tifgng tudi 15-45 tai xa eiia Hnh Quing Trj thing nim 2009 Kit qua: kiin dd'i tugng cdn thi'p (60,6%o), nSng nhdm nO tudi 30thanh nien tudi 15 - 29 vdi (/= thdc chung vi HIV ciia 45 ty IS niy chl 49,2%o, thi'p han so vdi nhdm nam 12,2; p = 0,002) Biet ve cic benh liy truyen qua dudng Hnh due chung cho nhdm chi td 7,4%o din 27,2%o Biet vi nguySn nhin vi biiu hien benh liy truyen qua difdng Hnh due cdn thap, ty IS khdng biet/ khdng tri ldi lan luat li 60,7%, vi 62,3%, Cd mdi HSn quan ve tudi vi kiin dudng liy vi cich phdng trinh HIV/AIDS (p = 0,026) Kit luan: kiin truyen qua dudng Hnh due cua ngudl dan tai dja bin 30-45 nghien edu li thdc ve HIV/AIDS vi dc benh thdc liy rat thap, dac biet nhdm phu nd tudi Tii khoa: dan tpc thie'u so, Benh lay truyen qua dfldng tlnh due, HIV/AIDS LDATVANDE Hanh lang kinh te Ddng Tay (EWEC), mpt trdng mud'n cua EWEC dem lai Nghien ctfu chl rang, tfl dfldng dtfpc hoan viec di ba Cdn difdng ldn xuyen A, dai 1600 km ndi l i i n lai cua ngtfdi dan toe d c vung trd nen thuan gifla An Dp Difdng va T h l i Binh Dfldng, ket ndi tien hdn rat n h i i u Tfl dd gdp phan trao ddi giao bdn ntfdc khu vtfc la Viet Nam, Lao, T h l i Lan lifu van h o i mdi the hien qua viec ngfldi d i n de va Myanmar Viet Nam, difdng dflpc x l y dang tiep can d c dflng tren n i n t i n g dfldng sd da di vao huyin cafe ) Di bie'n dpng eua ngfldi d i n xa sangcic thoai chdng My cua dan tdc ta, chay qua tinh la dia b i n xung quanh tham chf sang Lad dtfdc md Q u i n g Trj, Thtfa Thien Hue va Da Nang rdng Nhflng thay ddi l l m tang nguy cd v l ANgd va Dakrdng la xa thudc vung nui, vung slu vflng xa eua huyen Dakrdng tinh Q u i n g Trj, n l m dpc theo EWEC va dfldng mdn Ho Chf djch vu giai trf (karaoke, tfnh d l bj tdn thtfdng v l HIV/AIDS va c i c benh LTQDTD dd'i vdi cpng ddng d i n tpc tai xa Ben canh dc, theo nghien cflu cua HANDICAP tren nhdm ddng bao dan tpc PaCd va Van K i i u tai Minh Ngfldi dan sinh sd'ng tai xa chu yeu I I huyen Dakrdng va Hfldng H o i cung cho tha'y kien ngifdi d i n tpc Pacd va Van K i i u , la d i n tpc it ngtfdi thudc he ngdn ngfl Mdn - Khd Me 12] Nam thflc cua ngfldi dan v l HIV/AIDS la rat tha'p va chl chiem ty le 18,7% 2004 vdi sfl t i i trd eua quy Rockerfeller, trfldng Dai hpc Y Ha Npi da tien hanh nghien ct'fu nhan T h i n g 5/2008, trfldng Dai hpc Y Ha Npi nhan hpc nham d i n h gia nhflng t i c dpng khdng mong dflpc tai trp thfl hai de thflc hien met nghien cflu 104 TCNCYH 66 (1) - 2010 can thiep Nhflng thdng tin thu thap dflpc tfl ttfang ddi giita tham sd miu nghien cflu ban d i u se gdp p h l n djnh hfldng Ap dung cdng thitc (I) tren ta cd n = 438 d c g i i i p b l p can thiep tren cac nhdm dd'i tfldng va la Cd sd de danh gia hieu q u i dfl I n sau ean thiep Cupc d i l u tra dtfpc tien hanh v i o thang 8/2009 tren 419 ngtfdi dan nhdm tudi tfl 45, ly ehung tdi tien hanh tren nhdm dd'i ttfdng vi dan so' eua xa nghien ct'fu thupc d i n sd tre va dd tudi tfl - 45 chiem ty le cao nhl't trdng eP cl'u d i n sd B l i viet vdi muc tieu: Danh gia mde hiiu biit benh LTQDTD the) 2.3 Phuang pbap chgn mau Chpn m l u theo phflpng p h i p 30 cum n g l u nhien Cum cua nghien cflu dtfpc djnh nghTa la mpt nhdm d i n sdng cung mpt dja b i n thdn Phfldng phap n l y se d i m b l o tfnh dai dien v l nglu nhien, thdn ed kfch thtfdc d i n sd ldn hdn se cd eo hpi ldn hdn de dtfdc chpn vao m l u nghien cflu Sd ddi tflpng d i l u tra eua mdi cum vS HIV/AIDS va cua ngUdi dan xa mien nui dfldc x l c djnh C l e h thflc chpn hp gia dinh de phdng van theo phtfpng p h i p "Cdng l i i n cdng" Viec thu thap thdng tin tren d c ddi ttfpng dtfpc huyen Dakrdng Mo ta mgt sd yiu td lien quan din kien thdc vi HIV/AIDS va tham sd quin va benh LTQDTD td dd di xua't cac giai phap can thiep phu hgp tien h i n h tai cac hp gia dinh cpm ,,:.• \ ; 2.4 Ky thuat va cong cu thu thap thong tin Phdng van e l nhan dfla tren bd e l u hdi thiet II DOI TUONG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CL/U ke san Bd c l u hdi da dflpc thfl nghiem va chuan h o i bdi d c chuyen gia cd kinh nghiem nghien cflu v l ITnh cflc cua Trung tam D I o tao va Nghien cflu HIV/AIDS Trtfdng Dai hpc Y Ha Npi Doi tflong nghien ci?u Ngfldi dan xa ANgd va Dakrdng huyen Dakrdng, tlnh Quang Trj n l m dp tudi tfl (REATA) G i l m s i t vien, Nghien cflu vien tfl (RETA) va ngtfdi dan dfldng dia phfldng ddng thdi I I ngfldi phien dich dtfdc tap h u l n ky v l bd cdng - tudi cu v l e l c h phdng van trfldc trien khai phdng PhUdng phap nghien cflu 2.1 Thiit ke ngbien van chfnh thfle cdu: nghien ct'fu e l t ngang vdi edng cu nghien cflu I I phieu d i l u tra tien hanh tai 19 then thudc xa t h i n g 8/2009 Qua trinh thu thap thdng tin dfldc e l e G i l m sit vien kiem solt chat che gifla e l e cpm de t r i n h trung lap Phie'u phdng v l n dfldc tap hpp va kiem tra d i m b l o d c thdng tin thu thap day du 2.2 Cd mau nghien cdu va chfnh x l c trtfdc xfl ly so lieu Difa theo cdng thflc I p dpng cho nghien cflu Xij' ly sd lieu ngang md t l : rt = Z (l-a/2) Sd lieu dtfdc l l m sach trfldc nhap lieu b l n g phan mem cua chtfong trinh Epi Info 6.10 Sd lieu pq {p.sf Trong dd: Z^.ac = 196 (vdi a = 0,05), (1 - a) = dtfpc phan tfch tren phan m i m STATA, test a2, OR, 95% Cl dtfpc sfl dung G i l thuyet: Cd sfl k h l c biet v l kien thflc gifla nhdm tudi nam 15 - 29 v l Hn cay (95%o), p = 0,18 (Kiin thifc dung ve HIV/ nhdm nfl 30 - 45 tudi" dfldc sfl dung de so sinh sif AIDS ciia dong bao Van Kiiu vi Pacd nghien khac biet gifla cac nhdm ddi ttfdng Phan tich hdi cifu Ciia HANDICAP quy ddn bidn de xac dinh mdi lien quan gifla mdt 5/2009) [4], e = 0,2 (sal sd 105 TCNCYH 66 (1) - 2010 sd bien phu thupc v l hdi quy da bien dflpc sfl 33,2%) dung de thiet lap md hinh hdi quy da bien (62,8%) K h i nang nghe, ndi tieng Kinh cao hdn Dao di?c nghien ci?u dpc va viet (87,8%, 98,3% - 62,3%, 60,6%) Ty Ngfldi Van Kiiu cd ty le cao nha't le di bien dpng (di xa khdi dja b i n xa vdng T h d i t h u | n tham gia nghien cflu bang Idi dfldc 12 thang qua) cua q u i n the nghien cflu I I 26,5% phien djch b l n g tie'ng V l n K~ieu va PaCo ve sfl ddng y tham gia cua dd'i tflpng trfldc tra Idi Ddi tflpng tfl - 29 tudi chiem 83,0% tdng sd b l n g hdi viee biet dpc va viet tieng Kinh cua dd'i tflpng nghien cflu dd nam gidi cao hdn ddng b l o cdn han ehe B l n g phdng vl'n khdng nfl gidi (51,4%, 48,6%) Ty le da ket hdn va chfla d i i n ten c l nhan cua ddi tfldng nghien cflu Ket ket hdn (52,2%, 47,8%) K h i nang ndi tieng Kinh thuc phdng van, mdi ddi ttfdng tham gia nghien d nhdm cao hdn k h i nang nghe (98,6%, 88.6%), cflu dflpc hd trd 20.000 ddng dpc eao hdn viet (79,9%, 69,9%) Cae ty le biet tieng Kinh cua nhdm - 29 tudi cao hdn nhdm III KETQuA 30 - 45 tudi Ty le di bien dpng cua nhdm - 29 Dac diem chung ciia dd'i tUong nghien cifu la 30,8% cao hdn nhdm 30 - 45 (16,9%) Ket q u i da thu thap dflpc 438 ddi tflpng Trong Nghien cflu tien hanh tren 199 ddi tflpng nfl b l i b l o nay, chung tdi chl tap trung p h l n tfch gidi dd cd 59 nfl gidi thupc nhdm tudi tfl 30 nhdm tudi - 29 va nhdm 30 - 45 tudi d nfl la - 45 Nhflng phu nfl thupe nhdm d i u da ket hai nhdm ddi tfldng dieh phue vu eho dfl I n ean hdn K h i nang ndi dtfpc tieng Kinh cao hon kha thiep Ket q u i phan tfch cho thay; tudi trung binh nang nghe (96,6% so vdi 86,4%) Tuy nhien ty le la 25,59, dd nam gidi chiem ty le eao hdn viet dflpc va dpc dflpc tieng Kinh chidm ty le rat nfl gidi, da ket hdn cao hon chfla ket hdn (66,8% - thi'p (25,4% va 28,8%) Kien thiioc ve HIV/AIDS 2.1 Kiin thdc cbung vi HIV/AIDS Bang Kiin thdc chung vi Thong tin ve HIV - Mi?c kie'n thflc HIV/AIDS Nhom 15 -29 (n = 289) Cao 75 (60,6%) Trung binh 90 (31,1%) Tha'p 24 (8,3%) Nhdm ni?30-45 (n = 59) 29 (49,2%) 16(27,1%) 14 (23,7%) (x'= 12,2, p = 0,002) Phin chia kien thifc vi HIV/AIDS dda vio viec tra ldi 12 ciu hdi kien thifc vi HIV/AIDS mifc cao, trung binh vi tha'p titang dng vdi viec tra Idi dimg - 12, - vi - cau hoi Nhdm tudi td 15 - 29 cd kien thifc cao vi trung binh deu cao han nhdm nd td 30 - 45 (60,0%o va 31,1%o 49,2%o vi 27,1 %o) Sd khac biet cd y nghia thdng kS (x2 = 12,2; p = 0,002) 2.2 Kiin thdc ve dudng lay truyen, each phdng tranh va kiin thdc khac ve Viec phin chl thdc hien trSn nhdm ddi titang di tdng nghe vi HIV/ AIDS va tri Idi cic cau hoi ve kien thifc QHTD khdng an toin la dddng liy truyen duac di cap nhieu 106 tich kiin thitc vi HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS TCNCYH 66 (1) - 2010 nhdt (80,2%o, 68,4%o) Tra ldi dung ca difdng Hy cua nhdm 15 - 29 cao ban nhdm phu nd 30 - 45 tuoi (31,1% vi, 12,3%o), su khic biet cd y nghia thdng ke vdi j = 9,8, p = 0,02 DUdng lay truyin tif me sang ditgc biet den it nhai d ca nhdm tudi (38,2%o vi 21,1 %o) Sd dung bao cao su QHTD la cich phdng tranh HIV/AIDS ditac bie't den nhiiu tudi 15 - 29 va nd 30 - 45 (72,7%o vi 69.4%o) Kie'n thifc HIV/AIDS nha't d nhdm chda tdt d nhdm tra ldi HIV/ AIDS cd the chda khdi (13,8%o vi 15,3%o), HIV/AIDS khdng the tUphdng trinh ditac (9,0%ol3,6%o) boac HIV/AIDS cd vacxin ( 28,1 %o 15,3%o) Bang Kiin thdc vi dudng lay truyin va each pbdng tranb HIV/AIDS n - 349 Noi dung Nhom 15 - 29 (n = 289) Nhom ni? 30 - 45(n = 59) Q H T D khong an t o l n 227 (80,2%) 39 (68,4%) Dtfdng t n l u 193 (68,2%) 32 (56,1%)) Me sang 108 (38,2%) 12 (21,1%) Dung dfldng lay 88 (31,1%) (12,3% Sfl dung BCS Q H T D 165 (72,7%) 25 (69,4%) Chung thuy mdt ban tinh 98 (43,2%) 15 (41,7%) Khdng tiem chich ma tuy/k dung ehung BKT 95 (4l',9%) 11 (30,6%) Khdng tie'p xue/truylr1 m l u ngfldi,cd HIV (7,9%) Kieng nhin Q H T D (2,6%) (2,8%) DUdng lay truyen Cach phdng tranh HIV/AIDS Cac yeu to lien quan de'n kie'n thifc ve dUdng lay truyen va each phdng tranh HIV/AIDS '* Bang Md'i liSn quan dan biin giffa kiin thdc vi HIV/AIDS va cac yiu td USn quan OR Cac ye'u to Khoang tin cay 95 % Tudi dUdng Ijch Dja ban sinh sdng 0,05 - 0,07 ANgo 1,78 Dakrdng Tinh trang hon nhan Chfla lap gia dinh 1,07 Da lap gia dinh Nghe ve HIV Da tflng nghe Cd 1,80 Khdng Phan tich hoi quy dan biin quan vdi kiin thitc ve dddng (- 0,4) - 0,6 (-0,32) - , 5,64 Chfla tflng nghe Cd tr vi 0,09-1,06 '" ' ' ~ • 0,056 - 1,2 cho thi'y; tudi, dia ban sinh sqng va viec hd gia dinh cd ti vi cd mdi lay truyin vi cich phdng trinh HIV/AIDS lien (p = 0,026; 0,03 va 0,02) 107 TCNCYH 66 (1) - 2010 Nhdm chtfa lap gia dinh kien thifc cao gap 1,07 lan nhdm da lip gia dinh Viec di tdng nghe den FIIV/ AIDS giiip ddi tt/ang cd kiin thifc cao gap 5,6 lin nhdm chifa tdng nghe vi ngifdi dan xii ANgo cd thdc cao gap 1,8 lan ngttdi dan xa Dakrdng Cd mdi Hen quan giifa tudi vi kiin kiin thifc vdi bang sd = - 0,16; he sd hoi quy = 0,026; p = 0,026; khoang Hn cay 0,005 - 0,73; nghia li cd ting thSm dan vi tudi thi kien thifc ve difdng lay truyen viec kiin va cich phdng trinh HIV/AIDS ting 0,04 lan ttfang dtfang vdi thifc giam Kie'n thifc ve cac benh lay truyen qua dfldng tlnh due (LTQDTD) Bang Kiin thdc vi STIs Npi dung Nhdm 15 - 29 (n = 289) Nhom ni? 30 - 45(n = 59) 121 (47,3%) 25 (49,0%) 32 (12,5%) (11,8%) Do vi khuan/virus/ky sinh trung 22 (8,6%) (2,0%) Cham sdc y te khdng dung d c h (1,6%) 148 (60,7%) 33 (62,3%) 35 (15,5%) 10 (21,3%) (8,0%) (12,8%) 25 (11,1%) (4,3%) Nguyen nhan cua benh Do quan he tinh due khdng an t o l n Khdng gitf gin ve sinh Khdng biet/khdng nhd Bieu hien ciia benb Ngfla bp p h | n sinh due Dau/sflng dd Dai budt/dli dIt/tieu dau/tieu khd Cd vet loet/ndi mun ntfdc (2,7%) (6,4%) Khi hfl hdi/tanh/kinh nguyet b i t thfldng (0.4%) (8,5%) 0 C h l y mu (2,2%) 234 (85,1%) 43 (76,8%) Giao hop dau Khdng biet/khdng nhd 80 70 74,1 62.^ 60 ~f n 50 o^ S- 40 •> ^ V - ^, D 15-29 tuoi 27.2 -22,2 30 20 m NO' 30-45 tudi 20.3 14.8 14.8 8.2 10 14,8 ,.9r^ 13 7,4 0HIV/AIDS Lau Giang mai Viem am Nlm Viem gan B dao Biiu Mo ta ty Id ddi tUgng biit din cac bdnh 108 LTQDTD TCNCYH Bleu tren cho thi'y HIV/AIDS truyen Hnh due ma eac ddi qua dtfdng thudc nhdm biet den nhieu 74,1 %o) Cac benh khic chSnh lech hieu la benh biet diu nhii chiim ve tSn cic nhdm ddi tuang nghien lay titdng (61,4%o vi ty IS thap Sd benh gida cifu khdng the hien ro thitc ve benh LTQDTD xa nghien cifu li biit d ca vi'n di benh diu nhiiu nhii ri't thi'p nguyen tai cgng dong Ty le tra Idi nhan vi bleu cao nha't Nguyen nhin d ca nhdm khdng 15-29 hien dttac biit tudi den va nCf 30 - 45 tudi la quan he Hnh due khong an toin (47,3%o vi 49,0%o), cham sdc y te khong dung each (1,6%o vi 0%o), ty le khdng blit/khdng tra Idi lan lugt la 60.7% va 62,3% Vdi biiu Ciia benh thi ngifa bg phan sinh due la in dtfgc nhac de'n nhiiu blit/khdng Tai hai xa A Ngo va Dakrdng, ngtfdi d i n tdc Van K i i u tai xa Dakrdng ty le eao (63%), ty le n l y phu hpp vdi co cl'u d i n sd thtfc te eua huyen Dakrdng ed d i n tpc Van K i i u I I chu ye'u Ty le biet dpc tieng Kinh (70,9%) va nghe dtfpc tieng Kinh (69%) I I cdn ban ehe, dae biet nhdm nfl 30 - 45 tudi ty le viet va dpc dtfpc tieng Kinh edn nhu cic van de khae Kiin 66(1)-2010 thif chi sau hien phitang khdng tra ldi (lan ktat d nhdm li 15,5%o va 21,3%o) thi'p hdn (25,4% va 28,8%), ke't q u i n l y phu hdp vdi nghien cflu eua Dai hpc Y H I Npi va Trung t i m y te dfl phdng huyen Dakrdng nam 2003 v l "Nguy cd HIV d mpt sd xa h i n h lang Ddng Tay tinh Q u i n g T r i " [3] VI vay, ngdn ngfl e l e bien p h i p tuyen truyen v l sflc khoe eho ngfldi d i n d d l y de ed the t i e p ' c a n va hieu dtfdc d c thdng diep tuyen t r u y i n la d i l u can p h i i dflpc quan t i m c l e dfl I n can thiep Tfl ke't q u i cua B l n g cho tha'y kien thflc d mflc dd eao v l HIV/AIDS cua e l e ddi ttfpng d i l u tra I I 60,06% d nhdm - 29 v l , % d nhdm 30 - 45 tudi So vdi ket q u i d i l u tra eua H A N D I CAP v l kien thflc t h l i dp va thtfc h i n h phdng IV BAN LUAN chd'ng HIV cua ngfldi d i n tpc Van K i i u tai huyen Kien thflc ve HIV/AIDS efl,a nghien cflu chi Htfpng H o i va Dakrdng eua tlnh Q u i n g Trj edng thflc hien tren nhdm ddi tfldng da tflng nghe va bd t h i n g 5/2009 I I (18,7%) [4] thi ket q u i nghien t r i Idi c i c c l u hdi kien thflc v l HIV/AIDS (n = cflu eua ehung tdi cao hdn Tuy nhien, ty le d mflc 348), dd, viec phan tich tap trung vao md t l kien thflc tha'p (tri Idi dung - cau) lai ehi cd hai nhdm ddi tfldng dfch cd dp tudi tfl - 29 va (8,3% va 23,7%) De iy giai eho d i l u nay, theo nhdm phu nfl 30 - 45 tudi Mpt sd nghien cflu v l chflng tdi, nghien cflu cua HANDICAP tien hanh HIV/AIDS tai Viet Nam v l tren the gidi da chi tfl trtfdc nam 2009 v l ddi tfldng cua hp chl t | p rang, nhdm ddi ttfpng - tudi la nhdm ddi trung v i d nhdm ngfldi dan toe Van Kieu lai khdng tifpng d l bj tdn thtfdng ve HIV/AIDS Hdn nifa p h l n d e nhdm tudi khdng chi lien quan den sflc khoe nghien ct'fu I I chung cua nhdm sinh s i n m l cdn I I nhdm ngtfdi ed ddng gdp dan tpc Van Kieu va Pa Cd mflc dp kien thtfc k h l c nhau, n h i i u nhl't cho sfl p h l t trien kinh te xa hdi eua Khi so s i n h kien thflc v l dfldng lay t r u y i n , mpt di't nfldc Viec quan t i m den nhdm ddi tflpng d c h phdng t r i n h HIV/AIDS d hai nhdm - n l y I I can thiet phdng v l chd'ng HIV/AIDS, va 30 - 45 tudi (bang 2) cho thl'y d i u tha'p va dae dac biet khu vtfc nghien cflu I I dja cd cifa khau biet ket q u i t r i ldi eua nhdm nfl 30 - 45 tudi thi'p Qudc te Lao B l o lai nam tren hanh lang kinh te hdn nhdm - tudi Viet Nam cung nhfl tai Ddng T l y dd dd viec giao lflu, di lai v l lam an tlnh Q u i n g Trj ehe den van chfla ed nghien budn ban tai khu vtfc dien r l t phflc tap cflu nac Sd s i n h v l ndi dung tren cua nhdm 109 TCNCYH 66 (1) - 2010 n l y Nghien ci'fu cua chung tdi p h l t hien cd sfl khlc biet ve kien thflc dtfdng lay truyen mdi lien quan dtfpc rd va chat ehe hdn dch phdng trinh HIV/AIDS d hai nhdm tren Dac biet V KETLUAN nhdm nfl 30 - 45 tudi ed kien thfle v l dtfdng l l y - Nhdm tudi tfl 15 - 29 cd kien thfle cao v l trung truyen HIV I I ri't tha'p D i l u n l y ri't cd y nghTa cho binh ve HIV/AIDS d i u cao hdn nhdm nfl 30 - 45 tudi viec djnh htfdng p h l t trien d c g i i i phap can thiep (60,0% va , % - 49,2% va 27,1%) Sfl khlc biet phu hdp vdi nhdm ddi ttfdng vl lien quan den cd y nghTa thd'ng ke (xl = 2,2, p = 0,002) khdng chl stfc khoe ngfldi me m l cdn lien quan den l l y truyin HIV qua dfldng tfl me sang due m l c l e ddi tfldng thupe nhdm biet den nhieu Nghien cflu tfl {bang 3) chl dfldc kien thtfc chung v l cac benh LTQDTD cua c l e ddi ttfpng nghien cflu cdn tha'p va so s i n h gifla d c - HIV/AIDS la benh lay truyin qua dtfdng tlnh nhl't (61,4% va 74,1%) Ty le t r i ldi khdng biet v l nguyen nhan va bieu hien benh d i u cao nhat nhdm Tudi cd lien quan den kien thfle HIV/AIDS, tudi vdi Nd khac phue ban ehe cua nghien cflu d n g eao, kien thfle va c l e h phdng t r i n h HIV/AIDS td cht'fc HANDICAP cdng bd vao ngly cang g i l m , dac biet nhdm nfl 30 - 45 tudi 31/5/2009 14] chl dfla mpt eon sd ehung v l kien thflc chfla td't (18,7%) m l khdng ndi rd kien thflc chfla tdt d p h l n kien thflc n i o va chfla so sanh gifla d e nhdm dd'i tfldng vdi Nghien ct'fu chl cd sfl k h l c biet v l kien thflc gifla c l e KHUYEN NGH! N l n g eao kien thfle de edng ddng tfl phdng chdng HIV/AIDS va benh LTQDTD tai dja ban nghien cflu bang t r u y i n thdng g i l o due sflc khoe nhdm quan the nghien cflu Nhflng ket q u i T A I LIEU THAM KHAO n l y dfla gdi y rat cd y nghTa viec lfla chpn npi dung va d c thdng diep t r u y i n thdng phu hpp cho tflng nhdm dd'i ttfdng Sfl dpng phan tfch hdi quy ddn bien, chung tdi p h l t p h l t hien yeu td tudi cd lien quan den kien thflc v l HIV/AIDS tai dia ban nghien cflu, tudi cua ddi tfldng tang ddn vj tudi thi OR tang 0,04 Dai hoc Y Ha Noi - Trung t i m Y te dfl phdng huyen Dakrdng, 2003, Nguy cd HIV d mdt sd xa h i n h lang Ddng Tay tlnh Q u i n g Trj, N h l xua^t b i n Y hpc Ngoe Anh (1961) D i n tpc Van K i i u , Tap san Dan tpc So' Trang 39 tfldng dtfdng vdi kien thflc v l dtfdng lay t r u y i n va d c h phdng t r i n h HIV/AIDS bj g i l m C I c yeu to' nhfl dja ban sinh sdng, tinh trang hdn nhan, dtfpe tuyen truyin v l HIV qua phfldng tien nghe nhin deu ed OR Idn hdn 1,0 nhflng chfla dat den mflc cd y nghla thdng ke (95%CI), de g i i i thfch cho dieu nay, theo chung-tdi, cd the m l u - e u a Nguyen Minh Sdn, Le Minh Giang, Chau Van Hien (2004) Con dfldng d i n tdi tdn thfldng: T i c dpng tren nhflng nhdm ngfldi dan tpc thieu so gan va dpc theo eon dfldng hanh lang kinh te Ddng Tay tai tlnh Q u i n g Trj, Viet Nam HANDICAP international, (2009) KAP nghien ct'fu chfla du Idn Vi vay, d c nghien cflu reaserch on HIV with Van Kieu people Huong Hoa tiep theo can p h i i cd cd m l u du Idn de x l e djnh and Dakrong district, Quang Tri provine, Viet Nam flO TCNCYH 66 (1) - 2010 Summary QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ON "KNOWLEDGE REFLECTION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN MOUNTAINOUS COMMUNES OF DAKRONG DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE IN 2009" Objective: Describing the knowledge of HIV and STIs df ethinic minerities in mountainous communes of Quang Tri province Method: A cross-sectional study 438 indigenous people aged from to 45 in communes, Quang Tri provinces Results: People's knowledge of HIV/AIDS is quite low, the knowledge of women groups from 30 - 45 ages is % and it's worse than 15 - 29 ages group (with x = 12.2, p = 0,002) The knowledge of STI transmission of group from 7.4% to 27.2% The rate of people who know causes and symptoms is very low, the rate of pople not is , % and 62.3% There is relationship between age and the knowledge of prevetion HIV/AIDS (p = 0.026) Conclusion: Population's knowledge of HIV/AIDS and STIs of communies is very low, particularly women group Keywords: Ethinic minority, STIs, HIV/AIDS DAC DIEM DjCH T§ HOC vA cAC YEU TO NGUY CO LAY N H I I M HIV/STIs TREN NHOM NAM BAN D A M DONG TINH HA NOI Lc Minh Giang, Nguyen Hu'u Anh, Pham Thj My Dung, Van Dinh Hoa, Le Thj Minh PhUOng, D6 Thj PhUdng, Tran Thj Hao Van Dan vj NghiSn cdu Sdc khde Cgng ddng - Trudng Dai hgc Y Ha Ngi Nam bin dim cd nhiiu nguy ca lay nhiSm HIV/STIs nhien nhdng hiiu biit vi nhdm niy cdn chUa day du Muc tidu: (1) Md ta dac diem djch te hgc nhdm nam bin dam dong tinh (NBDDT) d Ha Ndi; (2) Phan tich mdt sd yiu td liSn quan de'n nguy ca lay nhiem HIV/STIs Doi tugng va phuang pbap ngbien cdu: thiet ke nghiSn cdu theo nghiSn cdu djch tS hgc dt ngang Chgn mau theo phuang phap chgn miu cd chu dich ve dja diim vi thdi gian, 110 nam gidi tudi td 15 - 39 cd quan he Hnh diic (QHTD) vdi nam gidi khic vi cd trao ddi vat chat 12 thing trUdc diiu tra Kit qua: phin Idn ddi tugng tham gia nghien cdu dudi 25 tudi (77,3%o), d ngoai Hnh (79,1 %o) Vi dac diim nhan dang thi 76,4%o tu nhin minh la din dng vi thich QHTD vdi nd (73,6%o) Trong lan QHTD gan day, QHTD hau mdn ddng vai trd li ngUdi lim chiem 16,32%o vi QHTD hau mdn li ngudi nhin chiem 7,14%o 34,5%o dd'i tugng cho biet cd sd dung heroin Ty IS nhiim HIV/STIs Ciia nhdm NBDDT nghiSn cdu niy la 26,04%o Phan tich hoi quy logisHc cho thay cd yeu td liSn quan din kha nang nhiem HIV/STIs li tham niSn bin dim vi sd dung ma Kit luan: can cd phuang hudng phdng chdng HIV/AIDS va cic benh lay truyin nguy eg cua nhdm NBDDT d cic thinh phd Idn nhu Hi qua dudng Hnh due phii hgp vdi dac diim xa hdi vi Ndi Ti? khoa: ban dam, ddng tinh, HIV, nam gidi, STIs 111 ... HIV/ AIDS Bang Kiin thdc chung vi Thong tin ve HIV - Mi?c kie'n thflc HIV/ AIDS Nhom 15 -29 (n = 28 9) Cao 75 (60,6%) Trung binh 90 (31,1%) Tha'p 24 (8,3%) Nhdm ni?30-45 (n = 59) 29 (49 ,2% ) 16 (27 ,1%)... khong an t o l n 22 7 (80 ,2% ) 39 (68,4%) Dtfdng t n l u 193 (68 ,2% ) 32 (56,1%)) Me sang 108 (38 ,2% ) 12 (21 ,1%) Dung dfldng lay 88 (31,1%) ( 12, 3% Sfl dung BCS Q H T D 165 ( 72, 7%) 25 (69,4%) Chung... 121 (47,3%) 25 (49,0%) 32 ( 12, 5%) (11,8%) Do vi khuan/virus/ky sinh trung 22 (8,6%) (2, 0%) Cham sdc y te khdng dung d c h (1,6%) 148 (60,7%) 33 ( 62, 3%) 35 (15,5%) 10 (21 ,3%) (8,0%) ( 12, 8%) 25