VE NGUON GOC DAN CU LAP LANG TREN VUNG DAT TAY DO NGUYEN THI THtJY* T hfinh nhfi Hd nfim khdng gian vfin hofi Tfiy Dd vfi d i n (2011), toa thfinh nfiy da dflgc to chflc Khoa hgc, Gido due va Vfin hda eda Lien higp qud'c (UNESCO) edng nhfin lfi di sdn vfin hda thd gidi Mdi trfldng vfin hod vfla lfi n i n canh, v ^ lfi dilm tfla lam tdn vinh gifi tri vfin hofi truyin thong ciia vung vdn hofi Tfiy Dd Khdng gian van hod Tfiy Dd khdng chl lfi CO sd cho viec hinh thfinh nhfi Hi, mfi cdn gdp phan tao ndn tofi thfinh nfiy cd gia tri nhilu mfit n i t rigng bidt cua cdng dong cU dfin vd chi phdi nhijhg dfic truhg vfin hod cua vimg dfit nfiy Vide xfiy thdnh, ddi dd duge xem lfi md'c khdi diu cho nhflhg bie'n doi trgn vung dfit Tfiy Dd Vl dilu nay, sdch Bgi Viet sit ky todn thu cho biet thdng Gieng nam Dinh Sdu (1397), trilu dinh da "sai Lgi bd Thugng thU ki&m Thai sd Unh Bd Tinh di xem xet vd dgc ddng An Tdn, phd Thanh Hod, ddp thdnh ddo hdo, ldp nhd tdng miiu, dUng ddn xd tdc, md dUdng pho, cd y mud'n ddi kinh dd din do, thdng ba thi cdng viec hodn tdt"^^\ Ndi tdi dfic tnfhg vfin hda, khdng the khdng xet tdi chlnh ehd the cua van hofi ma nguon goe aS dan, qufi trinh tde ngudi vfi An Tdn lfi vung dat trflde thuoc huyen dac dilm cua d cdng d i n g dan cU la nhuhg ylu t l ddng vai trd quan tipng Vi thd', d l Vinh Ninh, phu Thanh Hod la huypn hieu het nhiihg gifi tri ciia khdng gian vfin Vinh Ldc, tinh Thanh Hod Cudc ddi dd tfl hod Tfiy Dd, can phai di sflu tim hieu gid tri Thfing Long ve Tay Dd cudi t h i ky XIV diu van hod truyin t h i n g ciia vimg dat cd' dd, t h i ky XV da tde dpng manh me de'n vimg dd ngudn goe dfin cfl lfi mdt dfit dupe chpn lfim kinh dd- Tfiy Dd Qua nhOhg thfinh t l tao nen gid tri truyin thong trinh xfiy dUhg Kinh Tfiy Dd eung nhiJhg eai efich cua Ho Quy Ly da biln va dfie trflhg vfin hod Tfiy Dd Tfiy Dd lfi vtrng dfit cl, nen ngofii nhOhg vting d i t An Tdn tfl mdt miln que nghgo cfl dfin khai phfi dat dai tfl buoi dau lfip "cudi niidc ddu non" trd thfinh trung tfim lfing thi dilu kidn tU nhidn, mdi trUdng xa chlnh tri ca nflde vfi dong thdi da lunh hdi vfi hoan canh lich sfl lfi nhOhg ylu td thfinh nen noi dfiy mdt khu hanh chinh tfic ddng manh me lfim biln dli, tao ndn ldnh dd * TS Nguyin Thi Thuy, B^i hoc Hing Dttc 42 Nghiin cihi Ddng Nam A 11/2012 Nam 1407, cuOc khfing chiln chlng dpng d dfly cbn tdc ddng din cfic vung phu qufin xflm Iflpc Minh cua nhfi H I bi t h i t cdn vfi cd dnh hfldng sflu s i c cdc giai bai, trilu Hd ket thdc Sfl kiln lich sd nfiy doan ljch sd sau nfiy da chflm ddt ludn vai trd Ifi kinh dd dfit Khdng nhiihg cd sfl khfic bidt v l thfinh nflde d vung dflt Tfly Dd Tfl mOt t m n g tfim phin dfln tOc, mfi so vdi cfic vimg dfit khdc, cua dflt nflde, Tfiy Dd trd thfinh thfinh \uf Tfly Dd cbn cd ndt dflc thu nguIn glc eua qufin Minh, dfin cU vflng dflt nfiy Iai cfl dfln S l Iugng dfin cU tfl nhilu vung qug phidu dat noi khdc Sau cudc khdi nghia tinh vfi cfic tinh phfa Bic, phia Nam Lam Son chd'ng qufln Minh t h i n g Igi, Lg din ngg cU d Tfiy Dd Iai ehilm ti 1$ cao hon Thdi T l dfi ehilu khuyin ndng, keu ggi dfin bfin dia dfin phigu tdn trd ve vd hofi, I§p Ifing Dfln Gia phd cdc dbng hg d Tfiy Dd cho bilt, cu tfl cfic Ifing vfi dfin tfl noi khfic Iflu tdn nhCCng ngu?ri sdm dIh khai phd, lap Ifing thdi chiln tranh Iai trd v l Ifim fln sinh trdn vflng dfit nfiy lfi vimg d i n g bfing trudc song Thflng Long (Ddng Dd) trd thfinh nui ven bd trung luu sdng Mfi (Tfiy Do lfi kinh dd thi mgi boat dOng cua viing dfit mOt nhflhg dia bfin phfln b l chu ylu kinh ky dfi thay bfing vimg dfit c l dd vdi eua vfin hofi Da But) Nguygn cda hi§n nhOhg lfing qud ndng nghipp tflpng nfiy rat cd t h i tfl xa xfla, Tfly Dd von Mac du Kinh thfinh Tfiy Dd chi tdn tai Ifi vimg dflt CO vi tri dia ly vfi he thing giao khodng thdi gian ngfin (1398-1407), thdng dudng thuy thufin lgi cua xfl Thanh nhung dfie diem dfin cfl cua cdc Ifing xfi trgn Nhflhg H i Quy Ly quylt dinh xfiy vung d i t ndy vfin cbn lUU gifl nhufng dau ah thfinh, ddi dd v l Tay Dd, mdt Iflgng Idn cua mdt thdi lfi kinh dd nhfln cdng da ddn v l dfly phue vu nhu clu Vi tri tu nhien vfi hofin canh Uch sd dfic xfly dflng kinh dd cting nhfl mgi sinh boat bidt lfi nhflng nhfin td' tao ngn cho Tfly Dd eua mdt trung tflm chlnh tri d nflde Nhilu trd thdnh ncfi hgi tu cua nhieu luong cfl dfln ngudi s l nfiy dfi Iflu Iai sinh co i$p vfi diln qufi trinh giao thoa vfin hofi cua nghipp khu vut g i n kinh dd Dilu ndy da nhiihg truyin t h i n g vfin hofi khfic tao dilu kipn thufin I d cho qud trinh giao Vdi vi tri chuyin tid'p tfl miln nui xud'ng luu vfin hod giila vimg dfit Tay Dd vdi cdc ding bfing, ndn tfl rfit sdm, Tay Dd khdng vimg d i t khfic chi lfi dia bfin cfl trfl cua ngfldi Kinh, mfi vimg dat nfiy cbn lfi ncri giao thoa vfin hofi Viet - Mudng*2> Khi kinh dd mdi dflgc xfiy duhg, Tfiy Dd ndi rieng vfi Thanh Hod ndi chung b i t diu cd nhuhg biln dgng ldn, dfic bidt lfi sU biln doi v l dfin cu vfi su hinh thfinh, phfit trien lfing xa Su chuyin bien nfiy mdt mfit, khdng ehi dien d khu vUc ndi, ngoai va thdi gian lfi trung tfim chinh tri ea nflde, ma mfit khde, moi hoat Khao sfit mdt s l lfing xa trgn vung dat Tfiy Dd dfldi tdc dgng cua vide H I Qu^ Ly xfiy dflhg kinh dd mdi cho t h i y , dfin cUban diu Ifip Ifing tfl nhilu nguon khdc Cu t h i nhfl nguon di dfin vimg; dan tif ncfi khdc de'n dinh ciT, lUc lugng von Ifi nhflng ngfldi thg t h a m gia xfiy thfinh hddt ldnh qufin ngu, trd vl cupc sdng thfldng dfln, liAi chim ddu", din din Ifing Bdng cd nhilu lai vimg dit nfiy dl sinh cd llip nghidp Ndi ngudi dd'n sinh sing, hinh thfinh mgt xdm diu tidn hg d lai ctmg l|ip lfing lfi Thp nhd Ban diu xdm nhd dflge ggi Id phudng Sdn trsmg TrUdc dd, ncfi day vdn lfi doanh Bidn Dfi thudc xdm Ddng xfi Bi^n Thflgng trai cua qufin Iinh din tru vfi tap luydn (Bien Dfi lfi dit gin vdi bdn vfi sdng) Cimg Thg Son trang (nay lfi lfing Thg Din xfi vdi thdi gian, lfing Bing trd nen ddng vui Vmh Ydn) cdch thfinh nhfi Ho khodng 2km no du, ddi song vfln hod phfit trien Thi lUc vl phia Tfly Nam Nguyin Thj Thuy - VJ ngudn gd'c ddn cu ldp ldng trin vdng dd't Tdy Bd 45 Theo gia phd hg Nguyin d Thg Son phgt, nm sd dd cdn cd cd ud nU, nghp trang, sd cdc dbng hp diu tidn, hp nhdn Chdm chd yiu phue vu nhu cdu cung Lflu vfi hp Nguyen cd vi tri quan trgng Vl dinh"^^K sau cd them mdt sd' ngfldi dbng hp Pham Ngfldi Chfim d xen ke cimg ngfldi Kinh vfi Ddc, Pham Huy tfl T h i Son (nay lfi lfing ngudi Mudng Tfl cfie trai, sd din diln td Tho Phu xa Vinh T i ^ ) di cfl ldn P h i n binh Chfim nhU Quan Bl, Quan Bon trilu ddng cfl dfin lfing Thp Don r i t gidi vd nghp, dinh qudn 1^ din din thfinh lfing Chfim'^oJ tao nen ndt rieng cua mpt lfing cd nguIn Dfiu tich dia bfin efl tru cua tfl binh Chfim glc tfl linh'** hidn vln cbn luu lai trgn vdng dfit Tfiy Dd ThU tu, mpt nhuhg dilm tao ndn nhu ldng Bdn Thuy (xa Vinh Thinh) dflgc ndt dfic sic cua cdc lfing el Tfiy Dd khdng xem lfi "dc ddo" cua ngdn ngfl Chfim d chfiu chi Id nguIn glc cfl dfin v l n tfl binh linh thd sdng Mfi Vfi cfic xa Hd Son, Hfi Ddng, nha H i , mfi cbn lfi mdt bO phfin vu nfl vfi tu Hd Iinh, Hd Tfin trude thuOc huyen Vinh LOe thudc huydn Hfi Trung binh Chfim Tif r i t sdm, ngfldi Chfim dfi tilp xue vfi ctmg chung s i n g vdi cdng dong Vipt tidn nhieu vimg lfinh tho vfi d i n d i n trd thfinh mdt bd phfin eua dfin tdc ^ e t Nam Vimg dat Tfiy Dd khdng nhCttig cd vi tri cfin k l chieh tranh vfi que hUcfi^ cua nhilu cdng thfin, mfi cbn la noi cd nhieu cdng trinh kiln trdc vd dfic bidt lfi vipe xfly thfinh Tay Do'- ttmg lfi tximg tam chinh tri cua d nflde, ndn Tfiy Dd sdm trd thfinh ncfi tu hdi ddng dao ngfldi Chfim So ngfldi Chfim nfiy cd nguon goe ehu ylu lfi tu binh vd nghe nhfin, hofic vu nfl hi b i t cfic cudc c h i ^ tranh P h i n ddng ngudi Chfim d Tfiy Dd dfi dugc dUa ve dfiy sau lan chinh phat Champa eda H i Quy Ly (1402) vfi Le Thanh Tdng (1471) Ngofii ra, "co rdt nhiiu khd nang Id ddi dd, HS Quy Ly dd diia vdo Tdy Bd todn bd cdc vu nU, nghp nhdn Chdm dong phue vu tgi kinh dd Thdng Long Vdo thdi Trdn, s6 lugng ndy khd ldn Niu vdy, ngUdi Chdm cd mdt tgi Kinh thdnh Tdy Bd cud'i thi ky XIV ddu thi k^ XV khdng chl Id nhOng tCt binh dugc nhd HS dua vi sau mdi ldn chinh Qua khdo sfit ngdn ngfl, phong tuc tap qufin ciing nhU nhiJhg diu v l t anh hfldng cua vfin hofi Chfim, cd t h i bidt rfing, Tfiy Dd khdng ehi cd sd' Iflgng ngfldi Cham khd ddng, mfi cdc ldng Chfim d dfiy cbn diln hinh nhfi't sd lang Chdm d Thanh Hofi Ngoai nhflhg truyen t h i n g van hofi gid'ng vdi ngfldi Chfim gdc- chu nhan cua vflcmg qudc Chfimpa thi ngfldi Cham trgn vflng dat CO dd - Tfiy Dd cbn cd nhiifng diem khde bidt Trflde hdt, v l nguon gdc ngfldi Chdm d Tay Dd khdng phdi dfin thudng mfi phan ldn hg lfi nhiihg tu binh, thg thu cdng c h l tfic dd hofic vu edng Cd nghia lfi ngfldi Chfim d dfiy cM lfi mdt bd phfin, chd khdng phdi lfi hien tfldng di dfin, nen trflde hod iflu vfio vdn hofi "S^et, hp vd'n lfi tinh hoa vfin hofi Chfim voi lich sd 15 t h i k y ton tai vd phat t r i l n ' " ' Thfl hai, trdi qua lich sfl phfit triln lau dfii, vung d i t Tfiy Dd lfi noi hdi tu cua nhieu ludng cfl dfin va eung lfi noi dign qud trinh giao thoa vfin hofi d a nhuhg truyin thdng vfin hofi khfic nhau, nen vdi dfic tinh chung Id "di tiip thu vd chuyin hod nhanh'^^^\ ngudi Chdm 46 Ngliitn am Ddng Nam A 1112012 S Tfty D6 da c6 a\f giao thoa v t o ho4 vdi ax dSn bdn dia, chir khdng c6n giur nguygn nhQng t6' cha't v t o ho4 Chtoi nhu as d&n d dia b t o cua hp d Phan Rang, Binh Dinh, Phu YSn, Khdnh Hok th^, qudn tu^mg da di mpt sd voi phd phdch rupng miu cda iing Thdng Hdo, ddn ling dd ddnh qui mpt voi Qudn tupng cing tudn plidi nhd Hd thdy voi bi qui dd kiim cd sdch nhi^u vi bj d&n ling ddnh chit mpt tudn phdi Hd Quf Ly dd ISnh ddt plui ling Ddn ling Thdng Hdo bi phi&u bat Bdy gid chl cdn It^ ling An Tdn Nhu v4y, c6 th^ k h i n g dinh, au ki^n xfty t h t a hTOyDd chfnh Id budc ngoit Itel biSh d6i di^n mao cdc Idng xd trdn vung dd^ c6 5, Ban Nghidn cdU & Bidn soan Lich s!t Thanh Hod (2010), Ling Bdng Trung, Nxb Stf bid'n chuyin ndy khdng chi diln Thanh Hod, Thanh Hod, tr.26 thdi dilm Id kinh dd cua dd't nUdc cuSi Trdn vd H6, md c6n Id budc khdi ddu Trong s l cdc tod thdnh c l Vidt Nam, thdnh nhd Hd Id mOt nhQng tod thdnh cho nhOhg thay dSi sau dd Tuy nhidn, mang nhilu tdn goi khdc nhu thdnh thdi gian ngdn ndn chua du d l tao dung vd An Tdn, Tdy D6, Tdy Giai, thdnh nhd Hi, giu Iai nhQng dd'u vd't ctja m$t dd thi c l , thdnh Vtnh L^ Tdn goi thdnh Tdy Giai nhutig dd'u dh cua mdt kinh dd vd dnh xudt hidn tu vuong trilu Nguyin Cung nhu hudng cua nd d i n ngudn gdc ddn cU Idp Thang Long- Ddng Kinh dugc dli tea Idng khdng chi Id thdnh t l quan tao thdnh trdn Bdc Thdnh vd sau dd dux i& ndn qudn t h i di sdn v t o hod ddc sdc md tdn Id tinh Hd NJi thi thdnh An Tdn liic ndy khdng cdn tdn ggi Id Tdy Dd aOa md cbn Id tdm guong p h t o chilu lich sU ddn mang tdn mdi (thdnh Tdy Nhai) Tdy Nhai tgc vdi nhQng ndt ridng bidt cua cdc Itog xa Id mang tdn ggi cua mdt Idng d cda Tdy trdn vung dd't c l dd Vi thd', d l hilu h i t thdnh (Idng Tdy Nhai) Sau dd, tU "Nhai' dugc cdc gid tri cua di sdn v t o hod t h i gidi dugc dli thdnh "Giai", Idng "Tay Nhai" thdnh nhd H& vd khdng gian v t o hda Tdy thdnh ling "Tdy Giai" ndn thdnh dugc goi Dd cdn phdi tid'p tuc di sdu Iy gidi qud trinh Id "thdnh Tdy Giai" tdc ngudi trdn vCing ddft n d y / Nguyin Thj Thui (2007), Thdnh Tdy Dd vi nhQng biln dli cua vimg ddt ^^nh Lgc xua", T