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khoang 3.000 8.000 ngudi di c u ttr Bdngladdt vd Mianma dang bj ngudi di e u dd tdi Tay Ban Nha Con so tai Anh m i c ket trdn b i l n Id 526.000 ngudi DCrc tilp tue Id diem den hap Tai khu vuc Trung Ddng, tfnh den d i u nam d i n eua ngudi dl c u vdl 32.533 ngudi ndm 2015, Libdng da ddn nhdn han tridu ngudi tj nan 2013 tdng 25% so vdi ndm 2012 Tuy nhien, dien ttr Xyri, Tho NhT Ky da tiep nhdn 1,7 fridu ngudi; hlnh cho tinh trang di c u d EU Id Italia Nam 2005, Giodcdani, Al Cdp, i r i e tan l u g t tilp nhan 618.000, 25.000 ngudi di c u vdo Italia nhung d i n nam 2014 225.000,137.000 ngudI Xyri= da Id 170.000 ngudi Tinh den giu-a thdng 5/2015, khoang 33.000 ngudi di c u da d i n Italia, S n g 15% so vdi cting thdi gian ndm 2014' Nhin vdo dja diem x u i t phat, h i u h i t ngudi di e u d i n ehdu Au Id ttr ehdu Phi, Trung Ddng n h u Xyri, Libi, Mali, Gana, Nigldria, Xudang, Ghine, C6t Trong liic v i n d i ngudi di c u vdo ehdu Au d u g c Divoa, Xdnegan, Palextin mpt s l tCr Apganixtan, d u a Lidn hgp q u i c thi tai Ddng Nam A, v i n d l Pakixtan Tai Ddng Nam A, Idn sdng di c u chii y l u Id ndy cung b i t d i u gdy lo ngai Trong nhtrng thdng d i u ndm 2015, hdng nghin ngudi Rohingya d ' PGS.TS.,Dai su- quan Viet Nam tai Italia 11 TAP CHI D6I NGOAI & 7/201.5 ' 33 ngudi Hoi gido Rohingya tCr Mianma va Bdngladdt Ddy Id mdt ddn tde thieu s l theo dao Hoi, khdng d u g c cap q u i c tich d Mianma, thdm chi thudng xuydn bj khiing b l c u d n g bire lao ddng, khdng cd quyen s d hOu d i t Tai Bdngladet, hp eung Id nhung ngudi ngheo nhat, khdng cd t u lieu s i n xuat Ndi ehung, ngudi Rohingya khdng d u g e tilp can d i y dii vdi nen gido due y te va khdng the t u di lai Chinh vi vay, hdng nam, cd hdng chue nghin ngudi Rohingya tim dudng sang nude khde de Idnh nan Nhu vay, nguyen nhdn chu y l u cua tinh trang di e u Id s u bat on tai que huong ciia nhirng ngudi di Hp di e u dd frdnh ehiln tranh, xung dot, ddi nghdo, de fron trdnh nghTa vu qudn su G i n ddy, cdc vu bat on thdm sat da man to chuc Nhd nude H l l gido t u xung (IS) tien hdnh edng k h i l n nhilu ngudi phai tim edeh fron khdi "dja nguc t r i n gian" DO b i l t rd v l nhirng nguy hiem, khd khan rinh rdp, nhung d l l vdi hg, eon dudng nhat Id chay frin khdi qud nhd han Lien hgp q u I e da keu gpi EU giiip d a hdng nghin ngudi Xyri hidn dang song tinh trang vd cUng toi te tai Bulgari n u d e ngheo nhat EU Tai Phdp, hdng trdm ngudi di e u da bj d u l l khdi ba trai tam tru lo ngai v l bdnh tdt vd bao luc Libang, nhieu gia dtnh tj nan p h i i s i n g chen ehiic ttr 10 den 15 ngudi mdt cdn phong, hay nhtrng l i u trai dd chien gitra frdi tuyet Ngudi di c u d Ddng Nam A phdi song nhu'ng Idn fral ngodi rirng Thir ba, Id nhtrng t h i t vpng cua ngudi di e u doi vdl eude song mdi Rat ft ngudi dl e u tim d u g c v i l e Idm vd chd d Bj kJ thj, doi x u khdng cdng bing, ndn hp r i t khd hda nhdp tai nai d mdi Thdm chi, ed ngudi phai bdn than hay bj maphia k i l m sodt, p h i i lam vide n h u nd Id frong ede frang trai Ngudi tj nan cd the bj n h i t eac trai gido dudng nhiiu ngdy d Hunggari, bj lam dung v l t h i xde hoae tinh t h i n Id tinh trang b i l n d Hy Lap Tai Bungari, hdng tram phu nir va fre em di c u da phan d l l vd NhCTng v ^ d ^ p h d t s i n h tit Tinh t r g n g d l c i f NhOng ngudi di c u hy vpng sd d i n d u g e nhiing ddi l i y iai hd c h i l u Thdng 4/2014 han 300 ngudi di c u dd chay t r i n khdi mdt trung tdm trdn d i o Sic- chdn trdi mdi vdi eude song tot dep han nhung hg ily (Italia) Vdi thuc frang dd, ro rdng cde chinh phCi da p h i i doi mdt vdi nhirng thue te d i y dau xdt cung khdng m u l n trao quyen cdng dan cho ngudi Trudc h i t Id s u de dpa d i n tinh mang frdn dudng di eu Ttr ndm 2008 - 2010, hang frdm ngudi di cu, vi dd se Id mdt ganh ndng r i t tdn Vd vl vdy, khd khdn hien vdn c h u a ed edeh giai quylt dd bi c h i t d u l l ngodi khai Dja Trung Hai trudc ThU tu, tinh trang budn ngudi ngdy cdng t r i m vdo Hy Lap, Italia Tinh d i n ttidng 5/2015, han 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tdm budn ngudi toi te n h i t t h i gidi N l u cgng d i n g nay, mdi ehi phdt hidn khoang 139 ngdi md tap t h i quoc te khdng cd mdt chfnh sdch d l l phd ehung tai Malaixia, nai ehdn e i t hdng frdm ngudi tj nan ttr d l ngdn ehan, cdc dudng ddy budn ngudi se tilp Mianma vd Bdngladdt hJc bdnh tiudng Thd tuang Italia dd so sdnh Idn Thu hai, cudc s i n g cua nhi/ng ngudi di e u gdp sdng di e u hidn VOT nan budn nd Id ttr chdu Phi r i t n h i l u khd khdn, t h i l u thon Nhieu ngudi vdi t h i ky trude Theo dng, nan budn ngudi khdng s6 hp Id phu ntr mang thai, fre em nhung da ehl Id v i n d l an ninh hay khiing b l , md dd Id cudc vdo d u g e EU, tinh hinh eua hg cung khdng khd c h i l n cua nhirng ke budn ngudi nhdp cu I T \ p CHi D I N G O A I ® 7/2015 tri Da ed khdng ft y kien eho r i n g , c i n cham dirt Rait It ngird-i di cu- tim d u a c viec lam va cho a Bj ky thj, dd'i xu- khong eong bang, nen hg rat kho hoa nhap tai n a i 6- mo-i Tham chi, co n g y a i phai ban than hay bj maphia kiem soat, phai lam viec nhu- no le cac trang trai Ngiro-ftj nan co the bi nhot cac trai giao d y a n g nhieu a Hunggari, bi lam dung ve the chuang frinh ciru frg vi qud t i n kdm Ngdy 7/5/2014, luc lugng chong di ddn da yeu c i u Bd frudng Ndi vu ti> chirc "vi Igi fch cua ngudi Italia" Cdc nude Ddng Nam A eung dang r i t khd khan d l ngdn ehan mot cudc khimg hoang nhan dao Trong Malaixia cho rang, cdng d i n g quoc t l phdi gdnh vac trdch nhiem tdi djnh cu, thi Thdi Lan cho b i l t , nude ndy khdng ed d i i nguon lire vd dja xac hoac tinh than la tinh trang d i l m de cd the s i p x i p vd chdm sdc eho nhtrng bien a Hy Lap Tai Bungari, hang ngudi di eu tram phu nCr va tre em di cir da phan ThU sau v i n d l di e u gay nhirng cdng doi va doi lay lai ho chieu T h i n g t h i n g , phirc tap khu vue, 2/3 so ngudi di c u 4/2014, ho-n 300 ngu-M di ctr da chay vdo Italia se den eac nude EU khdc Italia da ch? tron khoi mgt trung tam tren dao frieh EU r i t manh me, vi da "bd mdc, khdng gliip Sicily (Italia) Vai thtrc trang do, da", Idm cho Italia cd nguy c a frd thdnh mdt "nhd rd rang cac ehfnh phu cung khong tu cho ngudi nhdp eu" Ndng ne han, ed e u tri eho muon trao quyen cong dan cho r i n g , vide d l ngudi di e u d at vao Italia la ke hoaeh ngifo-i dl c u , vi se la mgt ganh cua EU, n h i m Idm suy yeu nude ndy vd ddi khdi nang rat Idn Va vl vay, kho khan EU Cac n u d e n h u Sip, Hy Lap, Manta, Bo Ddo hien vdn c h ^ a co each giai quyet Nha vd Tdy Ban Nha cung khdng hdi Idng v l vide phdi chi phi d l ciru giOp hdng chuc ngdn ngudi Tai Libi, ed g i n 1,5 tridu ngudi nude ngodi, chu y l u Tmh trang tre em, phu ntr di c u cung r i t ddng id ngudi B i c Phi dang c u trii vd cd khd ndng frdn lo ngai Ndm 2013 cd han 3.360 tre vj thdnh nidn v d vdo EU Tuy nhidn, Italia dua ^ k i l n "idn sdng han 520 em di mdt minh S l tre em ndy r i t cd nguy xdm Idng 1,5 trieu ngudi cd the ddnh gue bat c a rai vdo tay cdc nhdm tdi pham hay budn ban ky mdt nhd nude nao" phan irng cua chau Au khd ndi tang 2.500 tre em cd the chet d Dja Trung Hal lanh nhat vdo c u l l nam 2015, n l u cdc xu h u d n g hien tilp tuc^ Tmh trang khdng cd du dieu kien ve chd dn d vd bao ve frd em cung Id mpt lo ngai Thu n^m, tinh trang di e u gay nhu-ng khd Trong khu v u c ASEAN, trudc eae bien phdp s i l t chdt an ninh cua Thdi Lan, bpn budn ngudi da cd nhirng thu doan mdi Chiing Itra gat ngudi di c u bang cdeh khdng dua hp vdo bd, md cO" d l c h d khan, phirc tap cho nude tilp nhdn Phdp eho r i n g , dgi va vdt ngodi khai, day chinh phu cdc nude rai ldn sdng di c u ngdy cdng tang dang trd thdnh moi de vdo the khd xu Vi neu m d eira tilp nhdn, se kieh dpa d i n an ninh nude ndy Tai Anh, finh ti^ng nhap thich ddng ngudi di cu, cdn n l u khdng tiep nhan sd e u hdng loat, khdng k i l m sodt duge, gay khd gdy tham hoa nhdn dao Cude khung hoang ndy khan de tii s u g i n k i t xd hpi, gdy dp lue ldn ede dang ddt Ddng Nam A trude thdch thirc mdi c i n djch vu cdng edng N l u de ngudi di o u t i j d i n , till giai quylt, dbng thdi eung Id thir thdeh d l l vdi s u ehi frong vdng mot nam, ngudi di e u se nhieu han dodn ket eua khu vuc khia canh khdc, v i n d l ddn s l eua Manta, mpt nude chi cd 420 nghin dan di e u noi len eung cd the khien eho nhtrng v i n de didn tieh 316 k m ^ Tai Italia, he tiling tilp nhdn di c u quan frgng khac eua ASEAN b; xao nhdng, chang da rai vdo flnh trang cue ky cdng t h i n g v d cd ttie han n h u vide d i i phd vdi nhi>ng thdeh thirc an ninh sup d l hodn todn Di til cdc hoat ddng ciru frg, fren b i l n Ddng, v i n nhay cam v d khd khdn h a n Italia phdi ehi khodng 300.000 euro mdi ngay, Chi nhieu ASEAN e i n cd giai phdp chung de xO ly van phi cho cde hoat ddng ciru frg da gdy dp luc ehinh de n g u d i tj nan khu vuc TAP CHl D I N G O A I ® 7/2015 Thu bay, v i n de di c u se Idm froi ddy tir tudng bai ngoal tai cdc n u d e tiep nhdn Cd y kien cho rang, ngudi di c u vdo B J khdng khdc gi mot eude xdm luge Chdu Au dang frd thdnh mdt "ehdu Phi" vdi r i t nhteu v i n d l nan giai Thdm chf, ed y k i l n cdn eho r i n g , chuang trinh tim k i l m vd ciru hp chf khuyen khieh di c u mao h i l m vd budn Idu ngudi Phdp se chi chap nhdn nhirng lao ddng ed ky thudt vd bude nhirng ngudi ndy phdi hpe vd tdn frpng vdn hda, ngdn ngir Phdp Q u I e hdi Dire eung da bd p h i l u s i l t chdt ludt ti nan cua nude ndy vdi 48% ung hd han e h l vide nhdp cu 77% ngudi ddn Anh m u l n giam ngudi nhdp cu Tai Thuy ST, cudc bd phieu thdng 2/2014 eho t h i y 50,34% s l ngudi d u g c hdi ung hd chong nhap cu, vi nhtrng xdo trdn gdy cho kinh t l xd hdi Hd Lan ddi hdi ngudi nhap c u phdi thdng thao tilng Hd Lan N h i l u nude Ddng Nam A td y khdng muon nhan ngudi di e u vi cho r i n g , dd khdng phai Id frdch nhidm ciia hp Dieu dd da Idm ti^m frgng thdm cudc khung hoang nhan dao v i n da thd tham Thu tudng Thdi Lan ndi: " N l u thdm nhieu ngudi ni>a d i n , thi se gdy mot van d l Hp se lay m i t edng viee vd k l sinh nhai eiia ngudi Thdi" Malaixia vd Inddndxia d i u cho biet se co g i n g ngdn chdn ngudi di c u xdm nhdp lanh tho de tranh ede van de xd hdi N h i l u nude ASEAN k h i n g djnh se ch? tiep t l luang thuc, nude uong, xdng d i u vd ydu cau hp tiep tuc di chuyin, frong trdn tau ed hdng trdm ngudi, ke c i tre em Thuc t l tren da lam cho ngudi di c u trd thdnh "qua bdng bdn fren bien" gitra cdc nude ASEAN Thdi dp dijn d i y eiia cdc n u d e ASEAN da bude Lien hgp q u I e Idn tieng bdo ddng p h i i hgp chdt ehe hon de ngan ehdn ddng ngudi di cu Tuy nhidn, khdng p h i i n u d e ndo cung muon chia se gdnh ndng De ngan chan ngudi Xyri tran vdo, Bungari da friln khai xdy dung hdng rdo kem gai, thdm chf, cdn d u djnh se ddng ei>a bidn gidi v d i Tho NhT Ky Italia d l nghi stra d l l luat theo dd nhdp c u frdi phdp cung td mdt tdi Tuy vdy theo Lidn hgp q u I e , cdc bidn phdp ddn dp ngudi di c u ch? k h i l n tinh hlnh thdm bi ddt Ddng cira bidn gidi ngdn ddng ngudi tj nan ch? khien bgn budn ngudi Idm gid cao han dua ngudi vdo ehau Au Tuy nhidn, ciing cd nhirng bien phdp m i m deo, nhdn dao han VI du n h u Bl n h i n manh s u c i n thilt phai cd mdt chfnh sdch t i n g the, can doi vd thing n h i t v l nhdp c u cho ca chdu Au Manta kdu gpi q u i c t l giiip dd Tdy Ban Nha eho rang, EU phai cd chju trach nhidm cu-u ngudi di eu Cu t h i vd thilt thuc nhat Id Chuang frinh "Mare Nostrum" (biln cQa chiing ta) cua Italia, d u g e frang bj mdy bay fruc thdng, tdu hai quan de tim, ciru ngudi dl eu Mde dti chuang trinh ndy tidu t i n cua Italia 10 trieu euro/ thdng, nhung den da cd khoang 39.000 ngudi dl e u d u g c ciru Italia cung dang cd k l hoach thdnh lap mpt ngdn hdng 3,5 fridu euro, de giup d d ngudi di cu, chdng lai nan budn ngudi vd bdc Idt tinh due Tren thuc t l , EU da m d rdng vide eho ngudi n u d e ngodi d u g e tj nan tai chdu Au Mdi ngudi di c u d i n EU se d u g c hd trg 6.000 euro eho ehi phi di ehuyen Tuy nhidn, theo EC nam 2012, EU chl nhdn g i n 5.000 ngudi tj nan so vdi 50.000 ngudi d u g c My nhdn Mdt khde, EU da tdng c u d n g ngdn sdeh, t h i l t bj, Tuy s6 ngudi di c u Id khdng ddng k l so vdi cac nude khde, nhung Oxfrdylia ciing dang phai d i i phd vdi tinh hlnh ndy Theo Thii tudng Abbott, ddy Id v i n de e i n d u g c gial q u y l t mdt cdch cirng ran vd n u d e ndy da dua nhirng chinh sdch khat khe n h i t frong viec x u ly ngudi di eu, bao g I m true x u i t nhi/ng t h u y l n d i n 6xtrdylla cd till vd dua hang nghin ngudi tj nan d i n nhti-ng frung tdm giam giO- d nude ngodi t u i n tra nham truy qudt ede mang ludi budn ngudi Hd t h i n g EUROSUR frj gid han 300 tridu USD da d u g c d u a vdo s u dung, n h i m tdng cudng gidm sdt bien gidi chdu Au vd tijin fra ciru h i frdn biln vd EU se phai mat khoang 14 tneu euro m i l ndm d l ttiuc hien bidn phdp ndy EU eung p h i i hgp vdi chau Phi de quan ly vd han e h l di cu Cdc kdnh di c u hgp phdp cung dang d u g c g i p riit m d N h i l u y k i l n da hoan nghdnh d l x u i t frdn ddy, vi nd khdng Nhdng giai pliap B f u c o hieu qua? ch? giiip ngudi di c u md cdn ngdn ehdn nan budn Tarde tinh tiang di e u ngdy mdt tdng, n h i l u ngudi G i n ddy nhit, ngdy 16/6/2015 dd didn hdi nude chdu Au da h I i ttiiic EU cd phan irng manh va nghj cua EU ban v l di ddn Tuy nhien, hdi nghj da I T A P CHf D I N G O A I © / khdng tdn dbng ke hoach chia se gdnh ndng cua viec giiip d d 100.000 ngudi di c u ttr Trung Ddng v d B i e Phi d i n ehdu Au frong ndm 2015 Trude nhi>ng phirc tap v l di c u d Ddng Nam A, T i n g T h u ky Lien hgp q u I e da trao doi vdi Thii tudng Malaixia vd Thdi Lan, bdy td s u lo ngai ve "cupc khiing hoang nhdn dao" v l di c u d Ddng Nam A Lidn hgp qudc cung keu ggi cdc n u d e frong khu vuc phai bao vd sinh mang ngudi vd tdn frpng luat phdp qudc t l , dam bdo nghTa vu gidi cO-u ngudi dl c u trdn b i l n thay vi quay lung vdi hp "ASEAN can p h i i hgp vdi d l tim mdt gial phdp hgp ly nhit" Ttrng nude ASEAN eung da cd cdc bidn phap cu the Thdi Lan thuc hidn vide theo ddi sdt vd ldp mdt d a n vi dac biet de 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