qUANim-IIUANlY THlJC TRANG DI C I T L A O DONG TREN DIA BAN TINH TRA VINH: TRUCiNG H0P LAO DONG DI ClJ LA CONG NHAN VA LAO DONG TlJ DO • N G U Y I N TH! HONG PHUC TOM TAT: Nghien ctfu nham gidi quye't cdc muc tidu: (l)Thtfc trang di ctf lao dong d tinh Tra Vinh; (2) Phdn tich cac yd'u td anh htfdng dd'n quye't dinh di ctf vd (3) Nhtfng kho Ithdn cua ngtfdi lao ddng (NLD) di cuf va khuyd'n nghi nham tao dieu kidn thudn M cho ngufcti di ctf d tinh Tra Vinh Ke't qua cho tha'y, ben canh nhtfng kho khan cua va'n de di cU d tmh Trd Vinh, co nhieu mat tich cu'c rat can dtfdc phat huy Nd'u co nhffng chu trtfdng, chinh sach hdp ly se lam giam stf di ctf ttf phdt vd phdt huy tinh hidu qua cua va'n de di cu Tiif khoa: Di ctf, lao dpng di ctf, tinh Tra Vinh, yeu td dnh htfdng de'n di ctf, cong nhdn, lao dong ttf Dat van de Qud tnnh thi hoa vd stf phat trid'n nhanh chong cua cdc khu cdng nghiep, khu che' xud't da lam giam dang ke dien tich dd't dai san xud't nhtfng lai tao mot Itfdng Idn vide idm phi ndng nghidp, thuc day qua trinh chuyd'n dich lao dong cdng tang va cd tinh rdng khap tren cdc vung, dia phtfdng Dieu da tao xu htfdng NLD di cU timkie'm viec lam Theo sdlidu cua Bo Xay dtfng, dien tich thi d Vidt Nam da tang ttf 630 km^ nam 1995 len 1.380 km^ vao nam 2000 (tang 2,2 lan ndm), di^ kid'n tang len tdi 2.430 km- vao ndm 2010 (tdng 3,9 lan 15 nam) vd tdng idn tdi 4.600 km^ vao nam 2020 Theo Dinh hifdng Quy hoach tdng the phdt tnen he thd'ng thi Viet Nam dd'n ndm 2025 va tam nhin dd'n ndm 2050 dd dtfdc Thu tu'dng Chinh phu phe duydt tai Quye't dinh so' 445/QD-TTg 07/4/2009, dd'n nam 2015 ty Id dd thi ca nifdc la 38%, de'n nam 2020 la 45% (ttfdng dtfdng vdi dan so'do thi khoang 50 tridu ngtfdi); de'n nam 2025 la 50% Qua trinh tang trifdng ve kinh td' vd thi hda di lien vdi stf phan hda va chdnh Idch mtfc sd'ng vd cdhdi vide Idm va cd hgi tie'p can dich vu xa hdi giffa cac khu vUc, viing mien gia tdng, nha't Id giffa khu vtfc nong thdn va thi Di cif de nham muc dich chinh tim kid'm vide lam, lao dong kid'm sd'ng, tdng thu nhap va cai thidn CUOC sdng Bdi d khu vtfc ndng thon dang ra't thie'u viec Idm, thu nhap ttf san xua't ndng nghidp tha'p, ty Id ngheo ddi cao; d khu vtfc thi cd nhieu cd hoi tim dtfdc vide lam hdn hp cd the cai thidn tinh trang ngheo khd, mac dii mtfc thu nhap cua hp co the thd'p hdn so vdi ngtfdi ddn phd, nhung cung cao hdn thu nhap md ho cd the thu dtfdc iff san xua't nong nghiep So 5-Thang 4/2019 159 TAPCHiCOniGTHirtfNG Thtfc trang di ciY lao ddng tren dia ban tinh Tra Vinh Bang Phan bo di ca lao dong theo nghi nghiep Cong viec sau dicu Tan so iyi$ (%) Nam Lao dpng gian don (lam ho, bdc vac) 18 15,0 10 Phuc vu, ban hang 32 26,7 12 20 Cong nhan cong ty, xi nghiep 70 58,3 45 NQ 25 Nguon: Sd'lieu khdo sdt, 2018 Ke't qua cho tha'y cd stf da dang ve cdng viec cua cdc lao dong di ctf Theo do, nghe nghidp di cU gdm nhom chinh, nhieu nha't la cong nhan cho cong ty, xi nghiep (chid'm 58,3%) Hau he't phu nff di cukhi lam vide d TP Trd Vinh deu chpn nhiJng cdng vide khdng ddi hdi cao ve trinh dd va stf dau tu Idn ve vdn, dac bidt la cdc cdng viec vtfa tao thu nhdp dn dinh vtfa cd thdi gian cham lo cho gia dinh Nhin chung ca nam va ntf deu ttfdng do'i nhieu cd hdi li^a chon, cdng vide dd cd the gid'ng nhau, cd the ttfdng ddi ddc thii vdi mdi gidi, phu thupc nhieu vdo kinh nghiem lam viec, vd'n va dac biet Id trinh dp hpc va'n cua hp Tnnh dd hpc vd'n qua tha'p se rd't khd kiem dtfdc vide lam vdi mtfc thu nhap dn dinh Trong sd lao ddng trdn cd trtfdng hPp kie'm thdm tien bdng each nhan vide budi tdi, nam thi bd'c xep hang vao budi td'i, ntf thi phu bdn ca phd, quan an, gia cong tai phdng tro Tuy nhien, it tru dUdc thdi gian ddi, vi cdng viec ban ngdy da hut g^n he't stfc Itfc Ben canh do, qua trinh di cu" thi dp tuoi di ci/ cung la ye'u to ra'l quan anh htfdng dd'n quye't dmh di cU Bang Lao dpng di ctf cang tre cdng cd stfc khde va cd the tam dtfdc nhieu cdng vide ndn ty Id di cif thtfdng tap trung nhieu vao nhdm tuoi ttf 18 dd'n 29 So' ngtfdi di ctf dp tudi 18-29 chie'm ti Id rat cao (52,5%), mpt phan nguyen nhdn lao ddng cdn tre vd chtfa lap gia dinh, chtfa chiu nhieu stf rang bupc vd cd nhu cau tim vide de tao thu nhap ttf lo cho ban than, ke' den nhdm tuoi ttf 160 So 5-Thang 4/2019 Bang Dp tuoi di cU Nhom tuoi D$tuS ryl#(%) TO 15 tuoi den 17 tuoi 32 26,7 Tir 18 tudi den 29 tudi 63 62,6 TO 30 tupi den 49 tupi 15 12,6 TO 50 tupi trd len 10 8,3 "long 120 100 Nguon: Ke't qud khdo sdt, ndm 2018 15 de'n 17 chi chid'm 26,7%, nhdm tudi ttf 30 de'n 49 chid'm 12,5% va nhdm ttf 50 trd len chid'm 8,3% Cac yd'u td'anh hifdng dd'n quye't dinh di ctf tai tinh Tra Vinh De xdc dinh cac ye'u td' anh htfdng dd'n quye't dmh di ctf cua lao dong d tinh Trd Vmh, mo hinh logistic difdc stf dung nhtf sau: Yy=f(I,L,T,K,L,M) Trong do: Y^ la ham xac sud't quyd't dinh di ctf cua lao dong Id mdt bid'n gia nhdn hai gia tri va ( = quyd't dinh di ctf vd = quye't dinh khong di ctf); I la tdng thu nhap binh quan mpt nam cho ttfng lao ddng di cif; L la didn tich dd't nong nghiep sdn xua't cua hp gia dinh; T la bie'n gia cho bid't thtfc trang thid'u vide lam d dia phtfdng khdng cd cd sd sdn xua't, khu cdng nghiep, tieu thu cdng nghidp theo nhffng thdng tin cua cac hd gia dinh cung ca'p, nhdn hai gia tri I va (1 = thie'u viec Idm va = khdng thie'u vide lam); K la bid'n gia cho bid't cd anh hifdng cua dieu kien ttf nhidn thuan ldi cho hoat dong san xua't ndng nghidp: da't, ntfdc, hau theo nhffng thdng tin cua cdc hp gia dinh d Trd Vinh cung cap, nhdn hai gid tri va (1= cd anh htfdng bdi dieu kien ttf nhidn va = khong anh hudng bdi dieu kidn tif nhidn); L la bid'n gia cho bie't thi cd nhieu viec lam nhan hai gia tri va (1 = cd nhieu viec lam tai thi va = khdng cd nhieu vide lam tai thi); M la bid'n gia cho bie't gia dinh cua lao dpng di ctf cd nhieu khd Idian khong (1 = cd nhieu khd Ichan va = khong cd nhieu khd khan) Bang cho thd'y ke't qua cua cac nhan td anh htfdng dd'n vide di ctf tai Trd Vinh, ddp vidn danh gid cac nhan td ttf tha'p de'n rd't cao Vdi ciing mdt quan diem, cd ngtfdi ddng y, cd ngifdi ra't khong ddng y Ke't qua ndy cd difdc mdu dtfdc Id'y ttf QUAN TR!-QUANLY Bang Cdc yeu to anii hi/dng den quyet dinh di cU H#so Sal so* chuan B S.E Hang sp -6,31 2,32 Thu nhap hang nam (tneu ddng) -0,52 Dien tich san xuat {1 OOOm^) 0,23 Thuc trang thieu viec lam dia phUdng 4,58 Bieu kien tu nhiin Thanh thi co nhieu viec lam Hoan canh gia dinh cua lao dong di cd 95% khoang tin c^ly Bien giai thfch Thap nhat Cao nhSt 0,29 0,726 1,001 0,31 0,856 1,549 1,26 12,566 1806,02 -2,54 1,03 0,012 0,846 3,48 0,84 0,625 1,956 -1,25 0,54 1,623 1,945 Ket qui: n = 120, -2Log likelihood = 28,00e, R'= 0,639%, Nagelkerke R'= 0.736% Nguon • Ket qud khdo 'idt 2018 nhieu lao dong di cu'khdc lai Tra Vinh Mdi lao dpng di ctf se cd cdch nhin khdc ve cung mdt quan did'm Gid tri R^ = 0,639, chtfng td cdc bie'n dpc lap md hinh cd tdc dung giai thich 63,9% quye't dinh di ctf cua lao dpng di ctf, cdn 36,1 % quye't dinh di ctf cac yd'u to' khdc chtfa dtfa vdo md hinh Bdn canh do, ta cd Sig = 0.00, nd'u chpn mtfc y nghia a - \% Cho tha'y cd it nhd't mpt bie'n ddc lap md hinh cd tac dung giai thich cho quyd't dinh di ctf Nhtf vdy md hinh cd y nghia 3.1 Ddi vdi yeu to thu nfiQp Thu nhap cua hp cung cd anh hudng nghich chieu de'n quye't dinh di ctf Cu the, thu nhap tang len trieu thi xac sua't di cif se gidm ttfdng tfng 0,52 Bie'n thu nhdp cua hp rd't quan trpng dd'i vdi quye't dinh di ctf cua lao dpng Thtfc td' cung cho thd'y, thu nhap cao gia dinh cd ciia an cua de thi NLD thifdng cd xu htfdng d lai dia phtfdng cho gan giii gia dinh 3.2 Ddi vdi yeu tddi^n tich ddt san xudt Dien tich dd't san xud't cd tac ddng ciing chieu vdi xac sud't di cif, ttfc la didn tich da't san xud't tang 1.000 m^ thi xac sua't di ctf giam ttfdng tfng 0,23 Giai thich cho stf khdc biet la hp gia dinh d Tra Vmh cd nhieu ngtfdi dp tudi lao ddng, khdng cd rupng vtfdn ndn phan Idn lao dpng quyd't dinh di ctf de tim vide lam tao thu nhdp cho ban than vd phu giup gia dinh 3.3 Bdi vdi ye'u to thdc trang thie'u viec lam & dia phuang Yeu to thie'u vide lam d dia phu'dng cd tdc ddng ciing chieu vdi xdc sua't di ctf Cu the la dia phtfdng thieu viec 1dm thi NLD dia phtfdng phdi di ciftimkid'm viec lam de nudi sd'ng ban than vaphu giiip gia dinh Hien tai, trdn dia bdn tinh Trd Vinh cd rd't it cdc khu cdng nghidp va lieu cdng nghidp, vi thd'chua tao dtfdc stf thu hut va gitf chan lao ddng dia phtfdng, ta't yd'u nhieu lao ddng phai di ctf sang cac dia phu'dng khac, dac biet la cac dia phUdng cd nhieu khu cdng nghidp de tim kiem vide Idm 3.4 Doi vdi yeu td dieu ki$n tu tihi&n Yd'u td'cua dieu kidn ttf nhien cung cd tac ddng nghich chieu vdi xac sud't di ctf Cu the Id khu vtfc ndo cd dieu kien ttf nhidn thuan ldi se cd xac sud't di c\i giam 2,54 Idn so vdi khu vtfc khdng cd dieu kidn tu nhien thuan ldi Di^u dd dang nhdn bie't phan Idn cdc hp gia dinh deu sdng phu thupc vdo hoat dpng san xud't ndng nghiep ma hien nhidn hoat ddng san xud't ndng nghiep lai chiu anh htfdng ra't Idn bdi dieu kidn ttf nhidn Khi dieu kien ttf nhien thuan ldi, gia dinh cac yd'u td' khdc khdng ddi thi nang sud't va thu nhap ttf hoat ddng san xua't ndng nghidp se tdng cao hdn Khi do, NLD se dam bao dtfpc cupc sd'ng day du thi khdng nha't thie't phai di ctf 3.5 Ddi vdi yeu td thdnh thi co nhieu viec lam Yd'u td thi cd nhieu viec lamed tdc ddng So 5-Thang 4/2019 161 lAP CHi GaiK IHiniNC cung chieu vdi xdc sua't di ctf Cu the la khu vtfc thi cd nhieu vide lam se cd xdc sud't di ctf tdng 3,48 lan 'Dnh trang giai thich cho ty le di ctf thie'u cdng an vide lam vd da't canh tac d qud nha Tuy d thdnh phd' va cdc khu cdng nghidp mang lai nhieu cd hdi vide lam vd cd mtfc thu nhdp cao, nhtfng de lao dpng di ctf hda nhap vao ndn kinh id' dd thi la dieu khdng dd dang Song cd stf ky vong se kie'm dupe vide lam va cd thu nhap tdt hdn, NLD di ctf ttf ndng thdn van sdn sdng chap nhan rui ro vd thach thtfc 3.6 Ddi vdi ydu tdhoan canh gia dinh cua lao dong di cU Ye'u td hodn canh gia dinh cua lao ddng di ctf cd tac ddng ngUdc chieu vdi xac sua't di ctf Cu the la hodn canh gia dinh khd gia thi xdc sua't di ctf giam 1,25 lan so vdi gia dinh cua lao ddng di ctf gap nhieu khd khan Gia dinh cdng khd khan thi ho cdng cd xu htfdng rdi que htfdng de'n ndi cd nhieu cdng an vide lam d^ sinh sdng Dac bidt, nhtfng gia dinh thudc hp ngheo cd khd ndng di ctf ca gia dinh vd thud trp tai ndi 1dm thud Nhifng kho khan cua lao dong di NLD di ctf thtfdng gap nhtfng khd khan cudc sd'ng, ddc bidt la thdi gian dan cua di ctf Mtfc Itfdng tha'p, nhieu doanh nghiep khdng the giff dtfdc lao ddng Idu ddi ndn mdt ddc diem khac cua lao ddng di ctf Id tinh di ddng nghe nghidp cao Tuy nhieu cdng viec khdng bi lao ddng thdnh phd' canh tranh, song chinh sd' lifdng lao dpng di cU cang tdng vd hinh chung da tao sU canh tranh vd stfc ep Idn Cd hdi kid'm vide lam cua lao ddng di ctf phan nao khd khan hdn so vdi trudc Ngudn tien tiet kiem ctia lao ddng di ctf thi hau hd't la ttf Itfdng va tidn cdng lao ddng mdi thang trtf di chi phi Do gia ca dat do, nhu cau tieu diing nhieu nen chi phi cho nhffng sinh hoat thdng thtfdng tai thdnh phd cung rd't td'n kem Chi tieu tridu ddng/ngifdi/thang d phd', nd'u so vdi thu nhdp trung binh khoang 2,3 trieu mdi thang thi NLD mpt thdng se tid't kiem dtfdc it nhd't tneu dong Phu ntf thtfdng rat de xen va it chi phdt sinh cho ban thdn Ve stf hda nhap vdi cdng ddng ddn ctf thi, sd'ddng lao dpng di ctf thudc tang Idp xa hdi khac, cd dieu kidn kinh te ciing nhtf nhffng md'i quan hd xd hdi han hep Vdi vi the' xd hdi ba't Idi ve nhieu mat ndn hp thudng cd xu htfdng nhiin nhtfdng 162 So 5-Thang 4/2019 giao tid'p vd dtfdng nhtf khdng cd nhu cau chia se ve ddi sd'ng tinh than dd'i vdi nhdm dan sd tai ngoai nhu cau giao tiep vi cdng viec Ben canh dd, tinh canh tranh vd nhu can mtfu sinh cd the se anh htfdng tdi stf cd' ke't cdng ddng cua chinh nhffng lao ddng di ctf, dac bidt la hp ciing Itfa chon cdng vide gid'ng Tac ddng cua viec cha me di ctf dnh htfdng den tinh trang stfc khde va hpc tap cua cdi d que Khi thie'u cha hoac me gia dinh, ddc bidt la tre em dtfdi tudi cd nhieu bd't ldi va cd rui ro ve stfc khde Vd thdng thtfdng, cha va me khdng hai Idng vdi kd't qua hpc tap cua cdi d trtfdng hp di ctf lao ddng Nam hay ntf di ctf vi muc dich kinh td' diu cd vai trd nhtf vide kid'm tien hd trd gia dinh, song stf va't va van han sau hdn trdn ddi vai ngtfdi phu nff bdi ho cdn cd trach nhiem 1dm vd, Idm me, trdch nhiem chdm lo cho cdc thdnh vien gia dinh Ben canh nhffng cd hdi ve vide lam va thu nhap, NLD ndng thdn phd' dii la nam hay ntf cung deu phai dd'i mat vdi rd't nhieu thach thtfc Song, bd't chap ta't ca nhffng khd khan dd, di ctf lao ddng va di lam dn xa van la mdt ldi giai phd hdp va kha thi cho bai toan phdt trien kinh le gia dinh ndng thdn hidn va tidn chuydn ve cd le se van la ngudn cung khdng the thie'u cho kd' hoach phat tnen kmh te' gia dinh vd cdng dong ndng thdn ndi di ttfdng lai gan Khuye'n nghi cho vS'n di di ctf tai Tra Vinh Vide NLD di ctf bd'i canh hien la xu htfdng td't ye'u, cd vai trd lo Idn dd'i vdi ndi xua't cif cung nhtf nhdp ctf lao dpng Tuy nhien, nhi^u ngtfdi vdn quan mdm chtfa dung ve vai trd cua NLD di ctf; chinh sach xa hdi dd'i vdi lao dpng di ctf cung cdn nhffng ba't cap, chtfa ddp tfng thtfc tidn xa hdi De nhdn thtfc dung ve vai trd cua NLD di ctf va dd cd chinh sach phu hdp cho ddi ttfdng nay, tdi xin cd mdt sd' khuyen nghi sau: 5.1 Tao nhiiu ccfhoi vi^c lam tai diaphitdng Nguyen nhan chu yd'u thuc day NLD di ctf la ly kmh te NLD sd di di ctf thi, khu cdng nghidp Id cdc life day ttf ndng thdn; la thie'u da't canh tac, nang sud't lao dpng hong ndng nghidp, ndng thdn thd'p dan tdi thu nhap cua NLD thd'p va ba'p benh Ne'u giam life day kinh td' d ndi xua't ctf lao ddng thi ddn tdi giam stfc ep di ctf lao ddng QUAN IB! - QUAN IV Chinh vi vay, tang ctfdng tao vide lam cho khu vtfc ndng thdn se lam giam ddng NLD di ctf Do dich dd'n cua hp chu ye'u la cdc khu cdng nghiep, khu che' xua't ndn thtfc hidn chid'n Itfdc phat trien cdng nghidp phdn tdn ve khu vtfc ndng thdn va cdc thi nhd se lam giam ddng di ctf lao ddng ndy Ta't nhidn, xay dtfng cac khu cdng nghidp can chu y quy da't lam nhd d cho cdng nhan, vi ddy la khd khdn hang dau chinh sdch phdt trien cac khu cdng nghidp ddng deu d cae viing se phan tan lao ddng dtf thtfa ttf ndng thdn, giup ho cd viec lam tren que htfdng Day Id md hinh ly ndng bd't ly htfdng da dtfdc ap dung kha nhieu thdi gian qua, giai phdp dtfdc dua Id cdng nghiep hda, dd thj hda tai dia phtfdng Tdng ctfdng ddu ttf phat tridn ndng thdn Dien hinh nhtf dau tu xay dung cd sd tang, nang ca'p cau dtfdng, hoan thien he thdng giao thdng, thu hiit vd tao dieu kidn cho cac cdng ty va ngoai ntfdc dau ttf nham tao viec Idm va rut ngan khodng cdch gitfa thdnh thi va ndng thdn gdp phan thu hut lao dpng cd trinh dd d lai phat tnen que nhd Dong thdi, chinh quyen dia phtfdng phdi cd chinh sdch md rdng cd hdi vide lam, hd trp ngUdi dan di cif trd ve lap cd sd san xua't kinh doanh tai cdng ddng dia phtfdng, nham tan dung nhtfng ky nang va kid'n thtfc ma ho thu nhan dtfdc 5.2 Tinh phdp ly dinh cU ddi vdi ndi nhqp cU lao dgng NLD di ctf thtfdng gap nhieu khd khan, bi phan biet dd'i xtf vide htfdng thu cdc dich vu cdng, do, chinh quyen cac ca'p can thay ddi cdc thu tuc hanh chinh cho bao dam nguyen tdc dd'i xtf cdng bang, ton trpng quyen vd ldi ich hdp phap ciia cdng dan, tao dieu kien thuan Ipi cho NLD dictf dn dinh sinh ke'vd thu htfdng cdc dich vu xd hdi cd ban Ve Idu ddi, can nghidn ctfu xay dtfng he thd'ng cdsd dff lieu ve dan ctf cd kha nang tich hdp dtfdc toan bd cac thdng tin, dff lieu ve hd tich, hd khau, can ctfdc cd nhdn de phuc vu mot cdch hifu ich cho cdng tac quan ly ddn ctf phii hdp vdi xu htfdng di ctf lao dpng Chinh quyen dia phtfdng, chu stf dung lao ddng tai cac khu cdng nghiep can dam bao viec eung cap nha d phii hdp vdi chi phi hdp ly cho cdng nhan, dac bidt la cho cac gia dinh di ctf, de hp cd the nudi day cdi mdi trtfdng an todn vd lanh manh 5.3 Tich cUc bao ddm vi^c thiic hien an sinh xd hQi ddi vdi lao dong di cU Dam bao an sinh xa hdi la khdu then chdt dd'i vdi NLD di ctf va thifc stf hffu ich cho ngtfdi ngheo vd cdc nhdm yeu thd'khdc, khdng phan biet vi the' ctf trd Cdn htfdng tdi vide bao ve quydn cua NLD di ctf d ndi dd'n va bao dam cho hp dtfdc tid'p can cdc dich vu xa hdi, y le', nha d, ma khdng nhd't thie't phai cd hd khau Chinh quyen cdc cd'p can quan triet quan diem coi NLD di ctf Id mpt nguon lao ddng bd sung cho dia phUdng; coi va'n de NLD di ctf id mdt va'n de phat tnen chtf khdng phai la mdt "va'n de xa hpi" Stf tdn tai cua han chd' quy dinh ve hd khau gdy cho NLD di ctf la kd't qua cua each thtfc qudn ly hanh chinh vdi mpt hien ttfdng kinh td' Vide ban che NLD di ctf bang cdc bidn phap hdnh chinh se khdng giam dtfdc sd' NLD di ctf md chi lam tdng tinh dd bi ton ditfdng cua dd'i ttfdng dac bidt hay thdm chi Id "van de ddn dd'n td nan" 5.4 Day manh cong tdc gido due, ddo tg.o nghe vd gidi thieu viec Idm Can phai cham lo cdng tac dao tao gido due hoac bd tiic van hda cho hoc sinh phd thdng: kid'n thtfc, vdn hda, dao dtfe, stf ttf lap quan tam cdng tdc htfdng nghidp cho hoc sinh cdn ngdi trdn ghe' nha trtfdng de cho hpc sinh Itfa chpn nhffng ngdnh nghi phti hdp vdi nang life hoc tap va dieu kidn gia dinh Quan tam ddo tao nghe cho lao ddng trtfde hp di ctf bang each thu thap danh sach nhffng lao dpng chtfa cd viec lam, nam bat nhu cau lao dpng tren thi trtfdng, md nhffng Idp ddo tao nghe phu hdp, mien phi cho lao ddng cdc nganh nghe dien hinh nhu: may mac, stfa xe tao dieu kien va ddng vien hp tham gia khda hpc Bdn canh do, c^n lien ke't vdi cdc cdng ty cd nhu cdu lao ddng, dd dam bao vide lam cho lao dpng sau hoan khda hpc Dong thdi, td chtfc ca cdc hoat ddng dao tao va cung tfng lao ddng cho cdc cdng ty xud't kha'u lao ddng Hau hd't lao ddng di ctf d tinh Tra Vinh deu tim kid'm vide lam thdng qua ngtfdi thdn gia dinh, ho hang, ban be cdn cac nguon thdng tin khac thi ra't han che' The ndn, chinh quyen dia phtfdng can lang ctfdng va thtfdng xuydn cung ca'p thdng tin vide Idm, thi trtfdng lao ddng thdng qua nhidu phtfdng tien thdng tin dai chung rdng rdi dd'n ngtfdi ddn • So 5-Thang 4/2019 163 TAP CHi CONG THIfifNG TAI LIEU THAM KHAO : / Sd lieu cua Bo Xdy dUng ve dien tich ddt thi tai Viet Nam ndm 2010 Trdn Nguyet Minh Thu (2013), "Vdi net ve nhom lao dong di cU tU nong thon - thi vai tro hS tra kinh te gia dinh" Tap chiXa hoi hoc, sd thdng 3/2013 Truong Xudn Trudng (2013) "Do thi - Nong thon vd mot sdvdn de ve viSc lam hien d nUdc ta" Tap chi Xd hoi hoc, sd thdng 1/2013 Le Ddng Bdo Chdu (2016) "Tre em lao dgng dicud Viet Nam td ndm 1986 den nay" Tap chi Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe, TrUdng Dai hgc Khoa hoc - Dgi hgc Hue, Sd2 (2016) Le Vdn Son (2014), "Lao dgng di cU ndi dm d Viet Nam hien " Tgp chi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi, TrUdng Dgi hgc Khoa hoc - Dai hgc Hue, Sol (2014) Ca Chi Lot (2005), "Rural to urban migration in Vietnam", Institute of Developing Economies Val.5, No.15 Derek Byerlee (1974), "Rural-urban migration in Africa: Theory, policy and research implications" tional Migration Review Interna- Yaohui Zhao (1999), "Leaving the countryside Rural lo urban migration decision in China" Ngay nhSn bai: 10/3/2019 Ngay phan bien danh gia va siJa chu'a: 20/3/2019 Ngay chap nh^n dang bai: 30/3/2019 Thong tin taenia: ThS NGUYEN THI HONG PHUC Trtfcfng Dai hpc Tra Vinh THE CURRENT SITUATION OF MIGRATION IN TRA VINH PROVINCE: CASES OF MIGRANT WORKERS AND FREELANCE WORKERS • Master NGUYEN THI HONG PHUC Tra Vinh University ABSTRACT: This study is to address the following objectives, namely (1) The situation of labor migration in Tra Vinh province; (2) Analyzing factors affecdng migration decisions and (3) Difficulties of migrant workers and recommendations to facilitate migrants in Tra Vinh province The study's results reveal that besides the difficulties of migration in Tra Vinh province, there are many positive aspects that need to be promoted If there are reasonable policies, the spontaneous migration will be reduced while the effectiveness of migration will be promoted Keywords: Migration, migrant workers, Tra Vinh province, factors affecting the migration, workers, freelance workers 164 So - T h a n g 4/2019 ... thach thtfc 3.6 Ddi vdi ydu tdhoan canh gia dinh cua lao dong di cU Ye'u td hodn canh gia dinh cua lao ddng di ctf cd tac ddng ngUdc chieu vdi xac sua't di ctf Cu the la hodn canh gia dinh khd gia... cho cac gia dinh di ctf, de hp cd the nudi day cdi mdi trtfdng an todn vd lanh manh 5.3 Tich cUc bao ddm vi^c thiic hien an sinh xd hQi ddi vdi lao dong di cU Dam bao an sinh xa hdi la khdu then... gia dinh d Tra Vmh cd nhieu ngtfdi dp tudi lao ddng, khdng cd rupng vtfdn ndn phan Idn lao dpng quyd't dinh di ctf de tim vide lam tao thu nhdp cho ban than vd phu giup gia dinh 3.3 Bdi vdi ye'u