Tính phổ biến và đặc thù của con đường đi lên xã hội chủ nghĩa ở việt nam

CHINH TRI - KINH TE HOC ^Tinh bien va tinh dac thu cua duong di len xa hoi xa hoi chu nghia 6* Viet Nam Nguyen Hihi DSng Pham The Luc Tdm tat: Xa hgi xa hoi chu nghTa dang dugrc xay dimg a Viet Nam co muc tieu cot loi la "dan giau, nuac m^inh, dan chu, cong b&ng, van minh" Muc tieu va duong thvrc hi$n myc tieu la cac van de the hien tinh bien va tinh d^c thu doi voi cac qudc gia ttong qua trinh phat trien Cac van de da dugc khang dinh bai cac nha kinh diSn Mdc - Lenin va ttong tu tucmg H6 Chi Minh Viet Nam dang th^rc hi?n ducmg di Ien xa hpi vai nhi6u giai doam qua dp lau dai, dong thai co su ket hgp giu'a ti'nh faien va tinh d^c thii De thirc hien duang di Ien xa hpi xa h$i chii nghTa giai do^n hi^n rat can thiet phai tiep tyc hoan thi^n the che kinh te thi trucmg hi?n d^i, xay dung va hoan thi^n nha nuac phap quyln ciia dan, dan, vi dan va xa hpi dan sir frong di6u kifn cy thfi a Viet Nam Tu khda: Tinh bien; ti'nh d^c thii; duong di Ien xa hpi xa hpi chu nghTa Muc tieu xa hoi xa hoi cfaii nghia duoc xa fapi xa hpi chu nghTa, la mpt tSt ySu xdc dinh ttong Cuong ITnh cua Dang, Dieu mang tinh ph6 bidn ciia lieh sir xa hpi Ioai Hien phap Viet Nam nam 2013 co npi ngucri Dieu cung co the hieu, tinh pfao dung cot loi la: "Dan giau, nuac manh, dan bien cua duong di len xa hpi xa h6i chii chii, cong bang, van minh, mpi nguoi c6 nghla duac nhin nhan la duong phat eupc song am no, tu do, hanfa phuc, co di^u trien tfaeo fauong di Ien tit yeu cua xa hpi kien phdt triSn toan di$n" De di len xa hpi loai nguoi, va chi co "phong trao hien thuc" do, Viet Nam phai trai qua ducmg vcd moi xay dung nen Do cung khong phai la thoi ky qua phat ttien lau dai, dong thoi duong vcri "khuon" m l u co san de roi CO sir kit hop gifia tinh bien va tinh dac m6i quoc gia phai di theo Cac ong da khSng dinh rang: "Dfii vcri chung ta chii thil cua duong Tinh phd biin ciia duong di len xa nghia cpng san khong phai la mot trang thai hpi xa hpi chu nghia duoc nfain nhan la can phai sang tao ra, khong phai la mpt fy nguyen Iy co gia tri ben vimg, xuat phat tii tuong ma hien thuc can phai khuon theo nguyen tic phucmg phap lugn cua chii nghia Chiing ta coi chu nghia cpng san la mpt Mac - Lenin ve duong - nguydn tac thdng nhat giiia fy Iuan voi tbuc tien - de tir day' mpi nuoc co the van dung, dinh fauong phat triln cho ridng minh Cac nha kinh dien Mac - Lenin da khang dinh rang, mpi quoc gia, dan t6c sdra mupn deu se di den ' Pho giio su, tien sT, Vien Chfnh tri hoc Hoc vi?n Chinh tri q"6c gia H6 Chi Minh DT: 0983600506 Email: ngiiyenhuudong52@gmail.com '"* Ti^n Sl, Vi?n Chinh tri hpc, Hpc vien Chinh tri qu6c gia H5 Chi Minh DT: 0912749928 Email: theluchvct@gmai).com Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hgi Viet Nam, sd 5(90) - 2015 phong trao hidn thuc, no xoa bo trang thai vi ban than cac mgt ddi lap tu nd da chiia hien Nhimg didu kidn cua pfaong ttao dung nhung su kfaac biet Tinh ddc thit ciia dudng di ldn xa hpi dy la kdt qua cua nhirng tidn dd hien dang ton tgi"*" Vd vin dd nay, V.LLenin da khing xd hpi chu ngbia dugc hidu la su van dung djnh: "Thuc tien cao hon nhan thuc (Iy mdt each sang tgo nguydn fy cd gia tri ben luan), vi no c6 uu didm khong nhimg cua viing, xuit phat tii nguydn tic phuang phap tinh ph6 bidn, ma ca cua tinh hien thuc true ludn ciia chii nghia Mac - Ldnin vd tidp"*^\ Theo V.I.Ldnin, xa hpi tu ban chu dudng dd vao hodn canh cu the d mdi nudc, nghTa cimg chi la mpt xa hpi dang ttdn dd tii dd Idm ndn tinh da dgng ve cac md duong di ddn xa hpi cpng san chu nghia hinh kfaac ciia dudng Thuc te, Ong da ndu ro: "Chu nghla cpng san smh cdc nha kinfa didn Mac - Ldnin da thudng tir chii nghTa tu ban, chi co dimg nhung cai nfadn manh ddn van de thuc tidn, hodn cdnh chu nghTa tu ban dd Iai thi moi co the Iich sii cu thd dd nhdm dgt tdi muc dich phdt tridn theo hudng ngdy cang tidn bp, xay dung ndn cfau nghTa cpng san dupe"'''* Xuit phat tiJr thuc tidn, cac nha kinh didn van mmh hon d moi nudc Cdc dng cho cua chii nghla Mac - Ldnin chi quy rang, d ca nhihig nudc co co sd kinh Iugt "thong nhat va dau ttanh giGa cac mat td nhu nhau, vln cd nhirng su khdc biet ve ddi I$p" qua trinh phat trien cua thuc hinh thlic phat trien ciia dan tdc ay Cac dng tien khdch quan, tat ydu dd di den cac xa da vidt: "Co sd kinh td xet vd dieu kidn chii hpi tdt d?p, tidn bO V.I.Lenin ndu r5: "Su quan Id gidng co the cd nhidu khac phdt trien Id mOt cupe "dau tranh" giiia cac vd kinh nghidm, dieu kien tu nhien, mat doi lap"'^\ Cac mat ddi lgp dugc hieu quan he chung tpc ciing vdi nhiing anh la cac eSp (hai m$t) ddi Igp Cac cap ddi lap hudng Iich su tac ddng bdn ngoai gay la ton tgi vinh viin vcri sir hoan thidn, bien md bieu hidn nhieu kidu bidn ddi vd doi cac c^p khac nhihig tac dpng, su khdc biet vd miic dp, xet ve mat hien chuyen hda lin giiia chiing mot each tugng"'^'; vi the, "cfaiing tdi khdng bao gid kfaach quan ttong qua trinh phat tridn Ddu quydt doan ring dd dgt tdi muc dich dd, dau tranh (mau thuan) giua eac mat la bidu dau cung phdi diing nhttng bidn phap nhu fai^n cua s\r mau tfauan cd tinh chit ddi lap nfaau Chiing tdi biet ring cdn phai chii y hay ddi khang Su mau tfauln, diu ttanh den nhttng thiet chd, phong tuc vd truyen cung tdn tgi vinh vien vcri nhidu hinh thuc thdng ciia cdc nudc kfadc nfaau"*'* khac Cac nha kinh didn Mac - Ldnin da tiing cho ring: "Su diu tranh cua cac m^t d6i lap bai trii ISn ia tuyet ddi, *" CMkc vi Ph.Angghen (1994), Todn tgp, t.3, Nxb cimg nhu s\r phat tridn, su vSn ddng la tuyet Chinh trj qu6c gia, Ha N6i, tr.51 *^' V.I.Lenin (1978), Todn tgp, t.29, Nxb Ti^ b§, d6i"*^' S\r thdng nhdt duac hidu la sir kdt Mitxcorva, tr.230 hpp hdi hoa, gin bd d miic cao nhit (tuydt '" Sdd, t.40, tr.250 doi) gitta cac mat doi Igp Tuy nhidn, nhimg '*'S^4t.29,tr.379 s\r thong nhit nhu vay ciing chi Id tuong '''S^rf,t.29,tr.380 '"' (2000), Hgi thdo khoa hgc Trung - Vigt: ChU ddi, tgm thM Bdi vi, khong cd sir kdt hgp nghTa xd hdi - cdi phd biin vd cdi dgc thii, Nxb hai hda (phiifagp)nao Id tuydt ddi, ciing Chi'nh tri qu6c gia, H4 N0i, tr.l62 nfau khong cd s\r can bing ndo Id vinh vidn "* CMSc v4 Ph.Angghen (1994), Todn tap, t.l8, Nxb Chinh trj qu6c gia, Hk Npi, tr.220 Tinh phd bien vd tinh dgc thit Sir ket hgp giiia tinh phd bidn vd dac thii ciia dudng di ldn xa hdi xa hdi chu ngfaia da dugc cac nhd kinh dien Mac Ldnin phdn tich ttong cac lugn didm cd gia tri phucmg phap ludn nhu sau: "Tdt ca cac dan tgc ddu se di len chu ngfaia xa hpi, dd la £du kfadng tranfa kfadi, nhung tit ca cdc dan tpc ddu tidn len chu nghia xa hgi khdng phdi mpt each hoan todn gidng nhau"*^'; "Chiing ta khdng ky vgng ring Mac hay nfattng ngudi theo chd nghia Mac ddu hidu bidt mpi mat cu the ciia dudng tidn ldn chu nghia xa hdi Nhu thd se la phi ly Chung ta chi bidt phuong hudng cua dudng va nhttng Iuc lugng giai cip ndo dan ddn dudng do; cdn nhu vd cu tfad vd trdn thuc td dudng sao, thi kinh nghiem caa hdng triiu nguoi se cbi r6, hg bat tay vao hanh ddng"*'*; "nhidm vu cua nhimg ngudi c^ng sdn la phai biet ap dung nhttng nguyen tic phd bidn vd co ban ciia chu nghia cdng san vdo dgc diem cua nhiing mdi quan he giira cac gial cap va cdc dang, vao ddc diim cua su phdt tridn khach quan hudng tdi chu nghla cpng san, nhiing dgc didmridngcua mdi nudc "* * Ndi vd su kdt hgp giiia tinh phd bidn va dac thu hay ly luan lidn fad vdi tfauc tidn ciia dudng di Idn xa hgi xa hpi chu nghia, sinh thdi, Hd Chi Minh cung da tung ndu rd: "Thdng nhat giua Iy lugn va thuc tien Id rapt nguyen tic can ban cua chu nghia M ^ - Lenin , ly ludn each mgng khdng phdi la giao didu, nd Id kim chi nam cho hanh dpng each mang; va fy Iuan khdng phdi la mpt cai gi ciing nhic, nd day tinh sang tao; ly luan ludn ludn can dugc bd sung bang nhttng kdt luan mdi nit tir thuc tieh sinh ddng Nhiing ngudi cpng san cac nudc phai cu the hda chu ngfaia Mac - Lenin cho thicfa hgp vdi didu ki^n hoan cdnh tung liic vd timg noi"*''* Van dd kdt hgp gifta tinh phd bidn va dgc thd ciia dudng di len xa hdi ma ttong cd muc tieu cdt loi nhu ndu d ttdn da dugc nhidu qudc gia fren thd gidi thuc hidn vdi nhidu hinh thiic da dang Dd dat tdi xa hpi tdt dep nhu vay, hay ndi each khac la tdi xa hdi cd "tu do, binh ding va bac ", cac qudc gia ddu phai phat trien tren nen tang cua kinh td thi trudng hidn dgi, xay dung, hodn thidn nha nudc "phap quydn" vd xa hdi "ddn sir" Ba van dd dugc coi id cac yeu cau khach quan tit ydu, mang tinh phd bidn md moi qudc gia deu phdi thuc hien dd cd thk dat tdi cac xa hpi tdt dep dd Kinh td thi trudng la budc phat tridn tidn bd, van minh hon nhidu vdi trinh dp cdng nghidp hien dgi so vdi ndn kinh td hdng hda phat tridn d miic thap vdi trinh dd ndng nghidp lac hdu Kinh td thj trudng dugc coi la san pfaam khdcfa quan tat ydu ttong qua trinh phat frien ciia xd hOi lodi ngudi 6ng Buri, mgt nha nghidn eiiu kinh tk, chinh tri ngudi Diic, sau diic ket tii thuc tien da khang dinh rang: "Bit cii mdt xa hdi ndo ciing deu tdn tgi thi trudng, khdng cd xd hdi khdng tdn tai thi trudng"*'^* Su phdi thai ciia kinh td thi trudng eimg dugc nlun nhgn la da xuat hidn d thdi ky ddu ciia ndn van minh nhan Iogi C Mac da vidt rang: "Su ttao ddi cac san pham phat sinh d nhiing diem tidp xiic gitta cac gia tdc, thi tdc, cpng ddng khdc nhau, vi d thdi k^ dau ciia ndn van minh khdng phai la nhihig ca nhan ridng bidt, ma Id cdc gia tpc, thi tpc *** V.I.Lenin (1978), Todn lap, t.30, Nxb Tifin bo, Matxccrva, tr.l 60