CHiNH SACH PHAT TRIEN NONG NGHIEP BEN VfTNG CUA ISRAEL VA NHAN TO TAC DONG Phgm Thi Thanh Binh* TOM TAT Bdi viit phdn tich chinh sdch phdt trien nong nghiep ben vimg cua chinh phu giiip dua Israel quoc gia nho a Trung Dong co dieu kien dia ly, tu nhien vd hdu vo cung khdc nghiet - tra thdnh quoc gia cd nen nong nghiep hdng ddu the gi&i Nong nghiep Israel dd sdn xudt vd dap img dugc 95% nhu cdu luang thuc, thuc phdm nu&c Ben canh viec ddnh gid nhOng thdnh tuu md Israel ggt hdi dugc nong nghiep, bdi viet phdn tich nhdn to chinh d&ng gdp vdo su thdnh cong cua ngdnh nong nghiep Israel Mddau Israel la qudc gia nhd d Trung Ddng, cd dieu kien ty nhien vd cimg khac nghiet nhung I^ sd hiiu mpt nen ndng nghiep hdng dau the gidi Ndng nghiep chiem 2,5% GDP va 3,6% gia tri xuat khau (2014) Ddy la mdt nhiing nudc xuat khau ndng nghiep hang dau the gidi, trung binh khoang ty USD ndng san/nam Mac dii lao ddng ndng nghi?p chi chiem 2,5% tdng luc lupng lao dpng Israel, nhung dlt nudc da ty san xudt ddp ling 95% nhu cau thuc pham nudc Cd dugc cdng ngoan muc la nhd chinh sach dau tu phat trien ndng nghiep bin vfing Clia chinh phii Chinh sach dau tir phat trien ndng nghidp ben vung cua Israel Phat trien ndng nghiep ben vihig phai ddm bdo dugc ba tieu chi ben viing: Ve kinh ' Ph6 giio su, Tiln si, te, san xuat ndng nghiep phdi dat hieu qua cao, lam nhieu sdn pham, khdng nhung ddp ling nhu clu tieu dimg nudc ma cdn xudt khau thi trudng qudc te Ve xa hgi, ddm bao cho ngudi ndng dan cd day du cdng an viec Idm, cd thu nhap dn djnh, ddi sdng vdt chdt va tinh thin cdng dugc ndng cao Ve moi truang, khdng hiiy hoai ngudn tdi nguyen thien nhien, khdng gay d nhilm mdi trudng De dam bdo dupc ba tieu chi ben viing va phat trien ndng nghiep hieu qud, chinh phii Israel dd tap trung vao nhirng chinh sdch sau: TAif nhat, ddu tie mgnh cho hogt dpng nghien ciru vd triin khai (R&D) Israel tap trung diu tu cho ITnh vyc nghien ciiu va triln khai (R&D) cd djnh hudng ndng nghiep Ndng nghi?p ludn gdn chat vdi khoa hpc va cdng ngh? cd sy phdi hgp chdt che giua chinh phu, doanh nghi?p va hgp tdc xa Tit ca phdi hgp nhlm Vi§n Kinh te vk Chinh trj thi gioi m Tap chi nghiin ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 Chi'nh sach phat trien ndng nghiep Pham Thi Thanh Binh tim kiem giai phdp de gidi quyet cdc vdn de khd khdn ndng nghiep: giong di truyen, kiem soat benh dich, canh tac tren ddt khd can, DIU tu R&D ndng nghiep ciia Israel de phat trien cac cdng nghe hien dai, tao su bien chuyen ngoan myc Ichdng chi ve sd lupng ma cd chat Iupng cac sdn phdm ndng nghiep Khoa hpc thuc pham Ngoai ra, ARO ciing quan ly tram nghien ciiu thyc dia, cd nhiem vy nhu mpt trung tdm chuyen kiem sodt ndng sdn vd thiet bi ndng nghiep vd qudn Iy Ngdn hang Gen ve ndng nghiep Muc tieu chinh ciia cac vien, trung tam va tram nghien ciiu ciia ARO la tdp trung vdo nhiem vy chinh sau: O Israel, ddu tu cho R&D dugc lly tir ngdn sach chinh phii, chu yeu thdng qua cdc quy dau tu mao hiem, ngudn vdn diu tu nudc va nudc ngoai Khoang 43% tdng ngudn vdn ddu tu R&D la tir ngudn vdn nudc, sd cdn Iai la tir nudc ngoai Nhieu khoan dau tu ldn cho boat ddng R&D gidnh cho cdng nghe sinh hpc, cdng ngh? vi sinh Nhd vay, ndng nghiep Israel dupc hudng Ipi Nam 2008, tdng vdn ddu tu mac hiem ma Israel thu hiit dugc dat khoang ty USD Sd vdn ddu tu mao hiem binh quan ddu ngudi ciia Israel cao gap 2,5 lan so vdi My; gdp 30 ldn so vdi chau Au; gap 80 Ian so vdi Trung Qudc vd gap 350 Ian so vdi An Dg Kinh phi diu tu cho R&D tir ngan sdch ciia Israel chilm khoang 4,4 % GDP, tuong duong khoang 10,8 ty USD vao ndm 2011 Mgt Id, nghien cuu phat trien ndng nghiep ben vung dieu kien dat dai khd can va dat dai d viing bien gidi Hien Israel cd khoang 10 ca quan nghien ciiu ndng nghiep ldn, tieu bieu la Td chirc Nghien ciru Ndng nghiep (ARC Agricultural Research Organization) co quan chiu trdeh nhiem tdi 75% cac nghien ciiu Ndng nghidp cua Israel Td chiic Nghien ciiu ndng nghidp (ARO) gdm vien nghien ciiu, chiu trach nhi?m ve cac nhiem vu nghien ciiu khdc ITnh vuc ndng nghiep, Id: 1) Vien Khoa hgc thuc vat; 2) Vien Khoa hgc ddng vat; 3) Vien Khoa hgc bao ve thyc vat, dat, ngudn nudc va mdi trudng; 4) Vien Ky thuat ndng nghiep; 5) Vi?n Khoa hpc sau thu hoach va 6) Vien Hai Id, nghien ciiu cdng nghe tudi nhd gipt vd tudi bang nudc khir man dieu kien 2/3 lanh thd la sa mac; 1/3 dien tich cdn lai la ddi mii, dd trpc Ba Id, nghien ciiu cdi tao ddt trdng trpt dieu kien dien tich dat ndng nghiep chi chiem 24,2%; bao ve chat Iupng va dO mau md Clia ddt, chdng ngap lyt, chdng han han Bon Id, nghien ciiu nudi cd nudc sach dieu ki?n thieu nudc (chi cd 1% dien tich la nudc.) vd khdng cd ngudn nudc Nudc sinh hoat, nudc udng lay tir sdng va bien Lupng mua trung binh khodng 500 mm/ndm (so vdi 1300 mm/nam ciia Viet Nam) Ndm Id, gidm thieu hao hut ndng san qua sir dyng phuong phap kiem sodt cdn triing va bao quan sau thu hoach; su dung cdn trung than thien vdi mdi trudng Sdu Id, phdt trien cay trdng, vat nudi thich ling tdt vdi cdc dieu kien dia Iy khac Bao ve siic khde vat nudi chdng lai benh tat, bao ve ddng vdt ldm cdnh, gia cam, gia siic Mgi hoat ddng nghien ciiu tai cdc trung tam ARO deu chju su gidm sat Iryc tiep ciia Bd Ndng nghiep vd Phdt trien ndng thdn Viec tap trung hau het cac hoat ddng ndng Tgp chi nghiin ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG oONG so 06 (118) thang 6/2015 Pham Thi Thanh Binh Chmh sach phat trien ndng nghiep , nghi?p nim dudi sy chi dao ciia Bd Ndng nghiep vd Phat triln ndng thdn giiip viec nghien ciiu va iing dyng hieu qud ndng nghiep va dua sdn phdm tiep can thi trudng cdng Thic hai, ddy mgnh dau tir cho khoa hpc ky thugt phiic vuphdt trien nong nghiep Kinh nghiem ciia Israel la coi trpng viec dau tu cho khoa hpc kf thudt, phuc vu tryc tiep cho phat trien ndng nghiep Nham gid thdnh sdn phdm, tdng san lupng, cai thien chat lupng va tiet kiem nhdn cdng, cac sang che ve may mdc ndng nghiep cung nhu thiet bi di?n tu phu trg da dugc ddi, dp dyng nhanh chdng vd rgng rdi ndng nghidp Ddc biet la cdc may mdc, thiet bi phuc vy ddt trdng trpt, chdng xdi mdn, cac may gieo hat, thu hoach va cdc thidt bi phii hgp cho thdm canh tdng vu, tudi tieu ty ddng hda Nhieu thiet bj tu ddng khdc cung dugc sii dung chdn nudi nhu may vit sua, may thu hoach tning, cac he thdng cho gia siic an tu ddng Cdc may mdc phuc vu sau thu hoEich nhu may phan Ioai san phim, may ddng gdi, he thdng kho trii vd ddc biet Id he thdng van tdi chuyen biet Nhiing cdng nghe ky thudt cung chii trpng tdi vide kiem soat bdn phdn ty ddng hda (thdng qua he thdng may tinh), bdn phdn qua nudc tudi tieu, cac bien phdp kilm soat dp dm, tao mdi trudng lanh cho trdng hoa, cac gidng cay, rau trdi vu Nhd khd nang nghien ciiu, sang tao va dac biet la tinh hieu qud viec dp dung cac tidn bp khoa hpc k^ thuat ndng nghiep giiip Israel trd thdnh qudc gia cd nen ndng nghiep tidn tien nhdt the gidi Khdu hieu ciia ndng dan Israel la: neu mudn phdt trien ndng nghiep va ndng thdn, hay dau tu va iing dyng cdc ky thudt hien dai May moc, thiet bi cong ngh? cao Israel Ngudn: http://www.moag.gov.il/agri/flles/Israel%27s_Agriculture_Booklet.pdf Israel la qudc gia cd miic diu tu cho nghien ciiu thupc loai ldn tren thi gidi vdi El gdn 100 trieu USD mdi nam Ngudn kinh phi dugc cung cdp tryc tilp cho vi?c nghidn Tgp chi nghien cieu CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 Pham Thi Thanh Binh Chinh sach phat trien ndng nghiep ciiu va phat trien cdc sdn phdm iing dung va cdc nhd dau tu giii bdn quyen sang che Phan ldn cac nghien ciiu deu nhiing cdng ty sdn xuat san phdm ddu vao, nhu he thdng tudi tieu, phdn bdn, nha kinh trien khai nghien ciiu Sy phdi hgp giiia kinh doanh va nghien ciiu ddm bao cho cdc nhd khoa hpc mdt miic thil Iao dil de phat huy tdi da nang luc chuyen mdn Vi vdy, cac chuyen gia ndng nghiep Israel Iudn dupc khuyen khich tu van khoa hpc ky thuat true tiep cho cac ndng trai vd trang trai ndng nghiep d ndng thdn r/iH" ba, dau ttr mgnh vdo cong ngh$ cao vd cdc dich vit cdng nghi hiin dgi phuc vu ndng ddn Phdt triln khoa hpc cdng nghe cao ndng nghi?p Israel giai doan diu thdp k^ 1980 bit ngudn tir nhiing ly do: Mgt Id, dieu kien ty nhien Israel vd ciing khdc nghiet khdng phii hgp sdn xult ndng nghiep, ngudn nudc ngpt va nudc mua deu han che; Hai Id, dan sd tdng nhanh vd lupng ngudi nhap cu dd vl d at vao nhiing ndm 1980 khien nhu cdu vl san xult ndng nghiep, cac sdn phim ndng nghiep gia tdng; Ba Id, Israel ciing khdng cd ngudn tai chinh doi ddo de nhdp khlu ndng sdn tir cdc qudc gia khdc Do dd, Israel budc phai nghien ciiu vd dly manh ling dung cdng nghe cao ndng nghiep Thdp ky 1990, chi'nh phii Israel rdt quan tam din vi?c phdt triln ndng thdn Hpc vien Cdng ngh? Technion da tao dyng dugc mdt nganh cdng ngh? cao d tam cd the gidi Israel dd frd thdnh mOt nhiing qudc gia hdng dau vl cdng ngh? cao, vdi nhilu san phdm thing ITnh thi trudng, Id qudc gia hang diu vl ndng sdn, bit chip dilu kien het siic khdc nghiet (thilu dat va thilu nudc) Hi?n Israel diing thli nhlt the gidi ve xuat khau trdi bo Israel ciing dau tu manh de ndng ddn de dang tiep can cac dich vy cdng nghe hien dai Hdu het ndng ddn Israel da tiep cdn vd sir dyng thao cac phuong phdp gieo trdng hien dai va tim ngudn tieu thu, tiep thi cho cac ndng phdm De hd trg ndng ddn, chinh phii day manh viec quang cdo, tiep thi tryc tiep sdn phdm, dac biet la hoa va cdy cdnh, sang cdc thi trudng tidm nang thdng qua mang Intemet Khoang 60% tdng san lugng hoa sdn xudt tai Israel dugc ban true tilp d Tay Au; hon 20% ban thdng qua cdc nha ddu gid; gan 20% cdn lai bdn budn cho hau hit cdc thj trudng truyen thdng gdm Ddng Au va My; phin cdn lai bdn sang chau A - chu yeu Id Nhat Ban Israel chii trpng vao chinh sach phat trien ndng thdn khdng chi dan thuin lam ndng nghiip md cdn cung cap cdc gdi dich vu du lich bao gdm du Iich kham pha canh quan, du ljch bidn, du Iich sa mac, du Iich tham quan cdc ndng trang Israel hien dai Viec kit hgp du Hch vdi ndng nghidp vira tao ddc dilm rieng cho ndng thdn Israel, vira tao thdm ngudn thu nhap mdi cho ndng dan DIU tu ndng nghidp cdng nghe cao ciia Israel giiip gidi quyet van de: 1) Giiip tao vdn cho san xudt ndng nghiep; 2) Tim dau cho sdn phdm; 3) Dao tao tay nghd cho ndng dan; 4) H ^ che tdc hai cua thien nhien; 5) Giiip ndng dan yen tam dinh canh dinh cu, xay dyng ndng thdn mdi Tuy nhien, de thu hiit dugc doanh nghidp ddu tu vao cdng nghe cao, cdn phdi lam dupc ba viec chinh: t^o quy dat ldn va tap trung cho doanh nghiep; dep bd dugc tu tudng bdo thu, h?p hdi; xda bd ldi canh tdc "tam bg", chi trdng vao lgi ich trudc mat, khdng tinh den lpi ich Idu dai Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DdNG so 06 (118) thang 6/2015 •m Pham Thi Thanh Binh Chfnh sach phat trie'n nong nghiep ^mi Ca\ hoa canli xuat khau ciia Israel Nguon http//www.moag.gov.il/agrt/flles/Israel%27s_Agriculture_Booklet.pdf Thif tu, chinh sdch phoi hop chdt che viec xay dyng he thdng tudi tieu; mua hat giO-a nhd: Nha nu&c - Nhd khoa hpc - gidng, phdn bdn, lya chpn thudc trir sau; thu Nhd doanh nghiep - Nhd tir van - Nhd nong hoach miia vy ) va loai doanh nghiep chuyen trien khai cac boat ddng thuong mai, Nhd nu&c: la chii the quan trgng nhdt, chi bao tieu sdn phdm de cd the ban san phdm dd phdi ho^t ddng cua ca "nha" cdn lai Nha vdi gia cao nhdt tren thi trudng nudc nudc xdy dung ludt, cdc quy dinh , dieu tiet va the gidi hoat ddng ciia toan nganh ndng nghiep; tgo dieu kien cho "nha" cdn lai phdi hgp vdi Nhd nong: Ndng ddn la ngudi bd vdn dau tdt nhdt, tao hieu qud cao nhat, thu Igi tu, tham gia tryc tilp va gian tilp vao qua nhuan cao nhdt; gidm thieu nii ro trinh san xudt ndng nghiep, vao cac dy an ndng nghiep va ciing Id ngudi tryc tilp ung Nhd tu vdn: cd nhiem vy tu van da dang: dyng nhihig phuong phap cdng ngh? cao vao tir chan nudi, gieo trdng va nhu cdu mua ban san xudt ndng nghiep sdn phdm phii hgp tren thi trudng nhlm thu lgi nhudn cao Nhd nudc Israel thiic dly viec giam chi Nhd khoa hoc: cd nhiem vu nghien cim phi ndng nghiep blng cdch khuyin khich cdc yeu td (dat dai, thd nhuong, dac dilm chuyen canh vd dimg viec sdn xult cac loai sinh hgc cua cay, ngudn nudc tudi, phdn ndng san Igi nhuan thip Nhd nudc chi phdi bdn, thudc trir sau, chdt lugng, ndng suit, vd chi dao mpi boat dpng ciia Nha khoa hpc loai nhd ludi se sir dyng, quy md kich cd nha - Nha doanh nghiep - Nha tu vdn - Nhd ndng ludi) cho timg khu vyc de trdnh viec tieu tdn de thiic dly ndng nghiep phdt triln Cac nha khoa hpc, nhd tu van, nha ndng va nha ndng lugng, van hdnh khdng cln thilt doanh nghiep lien ket va phoi hgp vdi Nhd doanh nghiep: Loai doanh nghiep chat che Su phdi hgp chat che dd dugc the chuyen tap trung vdo cac dy an cu thd (xay hien cu thi.- Mgt Id, nha khoa hpc, nhd doanh dung Id trinh thuc hien, diu tu kinh phi cho nghiep vdi nha ndng phdi hgp rdt chdt che va Tgp chi nghiin cieu CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 Chinh sach phat then ndng nghiep khd cd sy phdn dinh tdeh biet Vi dy, doanh nghiep ldn chuyen vl cdng nghe tudi NaanDan Jain cua Israel vira la doanh nghiep hang ddu Israel chuyen ve giai phdp tudi, he thdng cdng nghe kiem sodt hdu nhd kinh, ma viia la doanh nghiep sd huu nhiing ddn dien rdng ldn, noi chinh nhiing tien bd khoa hgc ciia cdng ty dugc trien khai dau tidn, nham ddm bdo su thich iing hoan hao nhat ddi vdi nhu cau ciia ngudi trdng trgt; Hai Id, Igi the cua su lien ket giiia nha khoa hpc va nha ndng tai Israel la tinh cdng ddng rdt cao Nhd khoa hpc rdt gdn gui vdi ddng rudng va nhieu sd hg eiing chinh Id ndng dan hodc giii vai trd tu van khoa hpc ky thuat true tiep cho ndng dan Cac trung tam ndng nghiep ldn, thdm chi cd cdc kibbutz (hgp tac xa) deu cd sy xuat hien ciia cac phdng nghien ciiu hodc dai dien ciia cac vien khoa hpc Nhung gidng cay mdi hay cac nghien ciiu mdi ve cdc cdng ngh? mdi phyc vy ndng nghiep nhu he thdng nhd kinh, he thdng tudi nhd gigt trudc het dugc thi nghi?m bdi cdc nha khoa hpc, kl dd se dp dyng thii nghiem vdi mpt sd nhd hp ndng ddn blng ngudn vdn hd trg ciia he thdng tdi chinh vi md hodc tir chinh quy ciia phdng thi nghiem, trudc triln khai dai trd hodc phat trien thdnh cac sdn pham thuong mai; Ba la, ndng nghi?p Israel phdt triln manh dilu kien ty nhien khdc nghiet chinh Id nhd kit qua ciia su hpp tac chat che giiia chuyen gia nghien cim, cdng nhdn sdn xuat, ndng dan va cdc ngdnh djch vy, cdng nghidp Hen quan; ndng ddn ludn la ddi tugng tham gia cac du an nghien ciiu vd phdt trien ndng nghidp bdi cac vdn de nan giai trdng trgt se dugc tryc tilp phan anh tdi cdc nha khoa hgc; sau nghien cim, cac gidi phap khoa hgc khd thi se dugc dugc nhanh chdng Pham Thi Thanh Binh chuyen giao lai cdnh ddng de thir nghiem, thich nghi vd dieu chinh Thanh tmi va nhan td tac dong Nhd nhiing chinh sdch phat trien ndng nghiep ben viing, Israel da dat dupc thdnh tuu vugt trgi, la mdt nhirng qudc gia cd nln ndng nghiep tien tiln nhlt thi gidi vdi san lugng ndng sdn, luong thuc cao nhdt the gidi Neu nhu mpt ngudi ndng ddn Israel sdn xuat ndng nghiep chi nudi dugc 15 ngudi (nam 1955) thi mpt ngudi ndng ddn san xudt ndng nghidp da nudi dupc hon 100 ngudi (nam 2014) vd san lugng ngdy cdng tdng cao Noi cd muc sdng cao d Israel khdng phdi Id nhiing phd ma chinh la nhung viing sdn xudt ndng nghidp Thu nhdt, ndng nghiep Israel da thu dugc nhieu thdnh tuu rye rd tir nghien ciiu, trien khai va iing dyng khoa hgc cdng nghe cao vdo san xuat ndng nghiep: dien tich ddt trdng trpt tang, sd Iupng cac hpp tdc xa (kibbutz) tdng, ndng nghiep tang trudng dn dinh Cdng nghe ndng nghiep da hd trg cho phdt trien ndng nghiep nang sudt cao, chat Iupng tdt, thiic day tang trudng xudt khlu ndng san; dua cdc san pham cdng nghe ndng nghiep trd thdnh cdc sdn phdm thuong mai gia tri Idn Thu hai, nhd chinh sdch xay dyng cac md hinh sdn xuat ndng nghiep ddc trung Id Kibbutz va Moshav Kibbutz (hgp tdc xa) vdi phuong thiic sdn xudt tap the vdi phuong tien sdn xuat chung vd mdi vien dupc hudng lgi ich tir cdng viec cua chinh minh Moshav la mpt hinh thiic hop tac xa khdc cua Israel, dd mdi vien sir dyng ddt cua minh de san xudt, nhung dau vao vd dau (ke cd marketing) dugc thyc hien tap the, theo mdt dau mdi Tgp chi nghien ctru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 Pham Thi Thanh Binh Chinh sach phat trien ndng nghiep Nha d ndng thon sir dyng nSng lugng mat trdi t ^ Isarel Nguon: http://kientrucvietnam.org.vn Ca hai hinh thiic sdn xudt ndng nghiep ndy dugc dya tren binh ding xa hpi, hpp tac vd tuong trg lan Kibbutz hd trp hieu qud cho su phat trien ndng nghi?p ndi chung vd cdc hoat dpng cdng ngh? ndng nghiep ndi rieng, la do: Mgt Id, ndng nghiep phdt trien dieu kien tu nhien khdng thudn Ipi ma phdi ddp ling nhu cau cho dan sd kha ddng; tCr nhu cau cap thidt do, ndng ddn cdc kibbutz da cd sy lidn ket rlt cao vdi cac nha khoa hpc, de phdt trien cdng ngh? phyc vy ndng nghi?p; san xuat ndng pham dii tieu dimg nudc; lien ket vdi cdc doanh nghi?p de bdn sdn phdm thj trudng thd gidi; Hai Id, md hinh san xudt tap trung, khdng tach rdi timg hd cd the, nen viec thyc hi?n cdc du an mdi se ddng thugn, nhanh chdng, hieu qua hon; Ba la, cac don vi sdn xult ndng nghi?p t|.p trung se Id dilu kien tdt de dat canh tac dugc tap trung lgi, khdng phdn tan nhd le, dd du khd ndng dp dyng nhihig mdy mdc hi?n dai canh tac tren cho nhOng canh ddng cd quy md ldn, vira giam Slic lao dpng vira thu dugc ndng suit cao Thic ba, nhd cd nhiing chinh sdch hgp ly, ndng nghiep cdng nghe cao Israel da tao md hinh tieu bieu ve nhiing diem rieng biet, ddc trung "kieu Israel" Ci nhieu qudc gia khac, sy gan ket ndng nghiep chi bao gom ddi tupng (Nhd nudc, Nhd nghien ciiu, Nha doanh nghiep vd Nhd ndng) Trong khi, md hinh nhd d Israel (them Nha tu vdn) nha nudc chi dao chung, Nha tu vdn Id ngudi tim hieu va xay dyng y tudng, Nha khoa hpc nghien cuu cac y tudng dl dugc thuc hien tdi uu nhat, nha doanh nghiep la ngudi td chiic thirc hien cac y tudng vd chiu trach nhiem budn ban tren thi trudng thi gidi, Nhd ndng la ngudi tryc tidp thyc hidn Sy xudt hidn cua Nhd tu vdn cd vai trd rdt quan trgng viec thuong mai hda cdc sdn phim ndng nghiep cho Israel, dua cdc sdn pham ndng nghiep xult khlu manh thi trudng thi gidi Nhd vdy, ndng nghiep Israel thu dugc nhilu thdnh cdng Thdnh cdng phat triln ndng nghiep Israel cd sy phoi hgp giiia Nha khoa hpc vd Nha ndng rlt cao Cac trung tdm ndng Tgp chi nghiin cieu CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 Pham Thi Thanh Binh Chinh sach phat then ndng nghiep nghiep ldn va cdc Kibbutz ddu cd su xuat hien cua cdc phdng nghien ciiu hoac dai didn Clia cac vien khoa hgc Cac vin de ndng nghiep dupc chuyin tryc tilp tdi cac nhd nghidn ciiu de kiem tim gidi phap Tir do, cdc ket qud nghien ciiu khoa hpc cimg dugc chuyin tdi ddng rudng de thii nghiem, dp dyng vd thuc hien Ba Id, kinh nghiem sii dung ngudn hd trg cho ndng nghidp Israel rlt ddng hgc t$p Israel khdng tryc tiep phdt cho cac hd ndng ddn ma sii dung cac nguon hd trg cho xay dyng he thdng djch vy ho|ic phdn chia cho cdc td chiic hgp tdc, cdc td chiic hgp tdc se Sli dyng ngudn hd trg cho nhung nhu cau cdng cpng Nhiing nhdn td ddng gdp vao sy thdnh cdng cua nganh ndng nghiep Israel Id do: Bon Id, chinh phii Israel thdng qua cac khodn cho vay cua ngan hdng ndng nghiep de hd trp xay dyng cac cdng trinh thiiy lgi va ling dyng nhiing ky thudt tudi tieu tien tien Clia the gidi Mgt Id, nhiing thay ddi ve mat ky thudt vd su phdt trien nhanh chdng cda nen kinh te xa hdi, dd ddng chii y Id cdc cupc van ddng hpp tdc ndng nghiep va cdng cupc xay dung he thdng hgp tdc ndng nghiep (Kibbutz vd Moshav) da cd vai trd het siic quan trpng Dy bdo, ddn s6 ciia Israel sd dat khodng 8,5 trieu ngudi vdo ndm 2020 Vi v$y, nhu cdu vl sdn xuat ndng nghi?p ciing nhu cdc sdn phdm ndng nghidp d Israel se gia tdng Hai Id, he thdng td chiic hgp tdc ndng Cimg vdi dd, di^n tich ddt dd thi va lugng nghiep giiip ndng ddn tilp can vdi ky thuat nudc Sli dung chung cung ldn hon, dat ndng nghidp va nhiing kinh nghi?m phdt nhieu vdn de ddl vdi phat trien ndng nghiep triln ndng nghiep, tao su hd trg tdi chinh mdt D I ddi phd vdi tinh trang ndy, Israel vdn cdch ddy du doi vdi vi?c xay dung co sd dang tiep tuc phai nghien ciiu va day mgnh tang ndng thdn ling dyng cdng nghe cao ndng nghiep Tai lieu tham khao OECD (2013), Israel-Agricultural Policy: Monitoring and Evaluation 2013, OECD Publications Tran Thiiy Phuang (2013), Chinh sdch phdt triin nong nghidp cdng ngh? cao a Israel T^p chi Nghien ciru ChSu Phi va Trung Dong, so thang 11/2013 Ngpc Yin (2014), Tnin vgng hgp tdc khoa hoc vd cong ngh^ gi&a Vi?t Nam va Israel" T^p chi Khoa hoc va cong ngh?, s6 35, 11/2014, tr 44-46) Israel's Agency for International Development Cooperation Ministry of Foreign fhttp://www.fao.org/news/storv/en/item/79444/icode/) Affairs The Path toward Sustainable Development in Israel State of Israel Ministry of Environmental Protecdon, 2008 fhttp://www.environment.gov.iI/english) Moti Kaplan, Amir Eidelman, Galit Cohen (2009), Indicators for Sustainable Development in Israel (SecondPhase) Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2009 Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thdng 6/2015 ... Nhd vay, ndng nghiep Israel dupc hudng Ipi Nam 2008, tdng vdn ddu tu mac hiem ma Israel thu hiit dugc dat khoang ty USD Sd vdn ddu tu mao hiem binh quan ddu ngudi ciia Israel cao gap 2,5 lan... cdc ky thudt hien dai May moc, thiet bi cong ngh? cao Israel Ngudn: http://www.moag.gov.il/agri/flles /Israel% 27s_Agriculture_Booklet.pdf Israel la qudc gia cd miic diu tu cho nghien ciiu thupc... va thilu nudc) Hi?n Israel diing thli nhlt the gidi ve xuat khau trdi bo Israel ciing dau tu manh de ndng ddn de dang tiep can cac dich vy cdng nghe hien dai Hdu het ndng ddn Israel da tiep cdn