Đầu tư trực tiếp ra nước ngoài của Việt Nam sang các nước ASEAN.pdf

OAU Tl/TRl/C TIEP RA Nl/QC NGOAI CUA VIET NAM SANG CAC NUaC ASEAN Nguyen Thi Kim Anh* Li Hong Ngpc** TOM TAT Ddu tu true tiip nu&c ngodi (OFDI) ciia Viet Nam sang cdc nu&c ASEAN bdt ddu tic ndm 1993, ma rgng sau Nghf dinh 22 (ndm 1999) vd gia tdng ddng ki th&i gian gdn ddy OFDI cua Vi^t Nam chu yiu tap trung & nu&c ASEAN Id Ldo, Campuchia Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thdi Lan; Ldo, Campuchia, Myanmar Id thi truang tiim nang OFDI cua Viet Nam sang ASEAN th&i gian qua dgt dugc nhieu thdnh cong nhung cUng ton tgi mot so hgn che Thong qua viic tim hiiu nguyen nhdn thdnh cong vd hgn chi cua OFDI cda Viet Nam sang cdc nu&c ASEAN, bdi viit dua mgt so hdm y chinh sdch doi v&i chinh phu vd cdc doanh nghiep OFDI cua Viet Nam Md'dau Trong bdi cdnh todn cdu hda vd hdi nhdp khu vyc, ddu tu true tiep nudc ngoai (FDI) da vd dang ddng mdt vai trd quan trgng viec phdt triln ddt nudc Nhiing thdp ky gdn ddy sy gia tdng dang ke ciia ddu tu nudc ngodi tir cdc nudc dang phdt triln phan anh sy trdi ddy cua cdc doanh nghiep thudc nhiing qudc gia tren quy md khu vuc va todn cdu Cdc trudng hpp dien hinh ddn tir chau A nhu Han Qudc, Dai Loan, Hdng Kdng vd Trung Qudc Cdc nudc ASEAN cting khdng Id ngogi Id vdi nhidu nha ddu tu cua Singapore, Malaysia, Thai Lan, Indonesia vd Viet Nam Sau gdn 30 nam Ddi mdi, Viet Nam trd thdnh mdt nhiing diem den hdp ddn FDI cua cac nha ddu tu Song song vdi ' Ph6 giio sir, Ti^n sT, Tni^g D^i hpc Kinh t^, Dai hpc Qu6c gia Hi Npi " Hpc vifin cao hpc, Tmdng Dai hpc Kinh te, D^i hpc QuScgiaHiNpi ddng vdn chay vdo, ddng chdy ddu tu tryc tilp nudc ngodi (OFDI) ciia Viet Nam ciing dang ddn tang Ien Liiy ke den 31/12/2014, Viet Nam cd 930 dy an OFDI dang ky hogt dgng vdi tdng vdn ddu tu 19,8 ty USD tgi hon 60 qudc gia vd vimg lanh thd Theo sd lieu ciia Tdng cyc Thdng ke, hon 50% OFDI Clia Vidt Nam la ddu tu ndi khdi ASEAN, cdc thi trudng chii dao la Campuchia, Lao va Myanmar (CLM) Dieu ndy chiing minh ASEAN vdn la mdt diem den truyen thdng vd chiem uu the cho cdc nha dau tu Viet Nam Th^c trang OFDI cua Viet Nam sang cac niro'c ASEAN 1.1 Tong quan OFDI cua Viet Nam sang ASEAN Viet Nam bat ddu thyc hien ddu tu vdo cdc qudc gia Ddng Nam A vdi mdt dy dn tgi Lao vdo nam 1993 Sau trd thdnh Tgp chi nghiin ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 29 Nguyen Thj Kim Anh - Le Hong Ngpc Dau tu tn/c tiep nu'dc ngoai.^ vien cua ASEAN vao ndm 1995, Viet Nam da cd them mpt sd dy dn tai Lao va Campuchia Sau Nghj dinh 22 nam 1999, OFDI Clia Viet Nam sang cdc nudc ASEAN khdc bat ddu tang dang ke Theo sd UOu Clia Tdng cue Thdng ke nam 2015, my kl din hit 31/12/2013, Viet Nam ghi nhan 459 dy dn din 8/9 quoc gia ASEAN (trii Philippines khdng cd hd so) vdi tdng vdn ddng ky la 9,072 ty USD (chilm 46,5% tdng vdn ddu tu nudc ngodi cua Viet Nam) Bang 1: OFDI cua Viet Nam vao ASEAN theo nudrc nhan dau tur liiy ke den 31/12/2013 Nirorc nhan dau tv Lao Campuchia Malaysia Myanmar Singapore Indonesia Thai Lan T5ng Nguon: Tong cue Thong ke, 2015 So du* an 230 150 11 12 44 459 Ldo van Id diem den sd vdi 230 dy dn (chiem khodng 50% tdng sd dy an OFDI cua Viet Nam tai ASEAN) vdi 4,6 ty USD Tilp theo Id Campuchia vdi 150 du an, tdng sd vdn Id ty USD Dilm din thir Id Singapore vdi 44 dy an, tdng sd vdn Id 193 trieu USD Singapore cd mdt vi tri chiln luge giao dich d trung tdm cua chau A vd mdt nen kinh te dupc ddnh gid cao, trd thdnh mpt trung tdm todn cau, day Id mot dilm din hdp dan ddi vdi cdc nha dau tu nudc ngodi, dd cd Viet Nam Hdu hit cac dy dn OFDI Clia Viet Nam den Singapore ddu tu vdo ITnh vuc bdt ddng sdn Nha ddu tu dang chii y d Singapore Id Tap doan G7 Tap doan da ddu tu vao ITnh vyc nhd d cho ngudi Viet va cung cap dich vu (du Iich, siic khde ngudi, giao due, thuong mai bdn le ) dl xdy dyng cdu ndi vl thuong mgi vdi Singapore Viet Nam cung cd mdt dy an tri gid 14,9 hieu USD tgi Ddng Timor (Id quan sat vien vd iing cir vien cua ASEAN) 30 i ! Tong von dang ky (trieu USD) 4601,8 3046,4 747,9 442,9 193,4 28,9 11,2 9.072,4 Phan loai theo hinh thiic dau tu, OFDI cOa Viet Nam, nhu mdt ddc dilm chung OFDI Clia cdc nudc dang phdt trien, thudng duac thyc hien thdng qua hinh thdnh lidn doanh vdi cdc doanh nghiep dia phuong Ly cd the Id doanh nghiep Viet Nam bj ban chl ve vdn, thdng tin ve thi trudng ban dja hay chinh sach cua nudc chii nhd Chi cd mdt vai du an ddu tu ciia Viet Nam dudi hinh thiic 100% vdn, nhung phdn Idn la dupc thuc hien d cac nen kinh te phat trien thdp hon nhu Ldo va Campuchia cua cdc tap dodn ldn vdi khd ndng tai chinh viing mgnh v l ITnh vyc dau tu, OFDI cua Viet Nam chdy vao cd ba khu vuc ciia nen kinh te va da dang hda nhieu hogt ddng Hdu het cac khodn dau tu la cac ITnh vuc cdng nghiep vd djch vy Mpt vai cdng ty nhu Tgp dodn Hodng Anh Gia Lai, Tap dodn Cao su Viet Nam vd Cdng ty TNHH Cao su Dak Ldk ddu tu vao ITnh vuc ndng nghidp, chu Tgp chi nghien cieu CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 Nguyen Thj Kim Anh - Le Hong Ngoc Dau tu trtfc tiep nu'dc ngoai , Myanmar; Tdng cdng ty Thdm dd san xuat ddu Viet Nam tai Myanmar, Indonesia, - Cdng nghiep: Ddu tu khai thdc md vd Malaysia; Tdng cdng ty sdng Da tgi khai thac dd, khai thdc ddu khi, phan bdn, Myanmar; Ngdn hdng Thuong mgi Cd phdn hda chat, chd biln thyc phdm, vdt lieu xay Cdng Thuong Viet Nam tgi Lao; Cdng ty Cd phan Than - Khodng san qudc gia Viet Nam dyng va xay dyng, cung cap thuy dien tai Myanmar, Campuchia Tuy nhien, ngdy - Ndng nghiep: trdng cay cdng nghiep cang cd nhieu cdng ty tu nhan dau tu nudc (cao su, gd, ngd ) ngoai nhu: Tap dodn Hodng Anh Gia Lai - Dich vy: Bdt dpng sdn , dich vy tai dau tu tai Lao, Myanmar, Thai Lan; FPT chinh, ngdn hang, thuong mai bdn le, vien Telecom tai Lao, Campuchia, Myanmar, Singapore, Malaysia; Tap dodn Hda Phat tgi thdng, du Iich, nhd d va dich vy an udng Myanmar; Ngan hang Sdi Gdn Thuong Tin Hau hdt cdc nha ddu tu Id doanh nghiep tai Myanmar; Cdng ty Cd phdn Phdt trien nhd nudc hp cd kha nang ve tai chinh Ddng Duong xanh tai Lao, Myanmar, Mdt sd nhd ddu tu cdng la Ngan hang Campuchia Ddu tu va Phdt triln dau tu tai Ldo, yeu la cac dy an trdng cay cdng nghiep, cao su vd khai thdc gd ,, lOKjHOieiivAcXuiu viif«cM«>girlllMiig$nte^l msimiiniiiaiiiijSAi ! , i&iainiH]g«il!ujil(W2iiii immm^ Thu tudng Nguyin Tdn Dung va Thii tirong Lao Thongsing Thammavong dong chu tri Hpi nghi hpp tac dau tir Vi?t Nam - Lao Ngudn: http://ngoaivuquangnam gov v 1.2 OFDI cua Viet Nam sang cdc nu&c truyin thong vd tiim nang Campuchia Ldo, Myanmar (CLM) Nam 2003, y tudng vl co chl Viet Nam, Campuchia - Lao, Myanmar (CLMV) dupc lap bdi cdc nha lanh dao cap cao ciia Campuchia, Lao, Myanmar va Viet Nam nhdm hgp tdc ve kinh te, hgi nhdp vdo khudn khd khu vyc va tang siic hdp dan ddi vdi cac td chiic qudc te viec hd trg thu hep khoang cdch phdt triln giiia cdc qudc gia, bdi cdnh dd, Vi^t Nam nhdn co hpi va Igi thi dau tu nudc ngodi vao ba nudc ndy Thuc te, cdc nha dau tu Viet Nam coi Lao va Campuchia Id dja diem ddu tu truyin thdng vd chu dao, coi Myanmar Id nudc chii nha tidm ndng Tap chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thdng 6/2015 :31 Nguyen Thj Kim Anh - Le Hong Ngpc Dau ttf trtfc tiep ntfdc ngoai ^ du an OFDI cua Vidt Nam va 47,7% tdng vdn dang ky Do vi tri dia Iy gdn vd sy tuong ddng ve nhieu mat, Lao va Campuchia Id Viet Nam, Lao va Campuchia da xdy nhiing diem den cd lgi nhat cho doanh dyng dugc mdt mdi quan he rdt chat che phdt trien kinh te - xd hdi Ndm 1999, nghiep Viet Nam Cd hai qudc gia cd thi ba nudc dd lap mdt Tam giac phdt trudng nudc md cua vd nhilu tilm trien gdm tinh cua Lao, tinh Campuchia nang vdi ngudi tieu dung da quen thudc vdi vd tinh cua Viet Nam cd cimg mdt khu vuc cdc sdn phdm ciia Viet Nam Ngoai ra, day la bien gidi ldn vdi muc tieu cudi ciing la de hai qudc gia phong phii ve tai nguyen vd Iyc tdng cuong hpi nhap khu vyc Tam gidc phdt lugng Iao ddng Quan he lau dai giiia cac trien cung cap mdt Igi the cho Viet Nam chinh phu tgo dieu ki^n cho cdc nha ddu tu Viet Nam thdng qua nhieu uu ddi vl thul va ddu tu vao cac thj trudng Idn can hd trg d^c biet OFDI cua Viet Nam tai ddy OFDI cua Viet Nam sang Lao vd dugc thyc hien tdt ca cdc khu vuc cua Campuchia chiem gdn mdt nira tdng sd cdc nen kinh te vdi cdc hoat ddng da dang Bang 2: OFDI ciia Viet Nam vdo Lao va Campuchia luy kl din 31/12/2013 - Bia diem ddu tir truyin thong: Ldo vd Campuchia i i S6 dir an Tong von dang ky Uu dai dau tu LTnh virc dau tu Lai the Bat Ipi Mpt so dir an dang chii y Lao Campuchia 230/459 dir an vao ASEAN | 150/459 du an vao ASEAN 4.601,8 trieu USD i 3.046,3 tri?u USD - Mien thue dau vao nhap khau - Mien thufi ddu vao, ban va trang thiet bj phim, nguyen lieu tho - Uu dai thue cho mpt so ITnh v\rc - Khong kiem soat gia dau tu dac biet - Giam thul thu nhgp doanh - Mien thue nam dau nghiep - Cong nghiep: Khai khoang, cung cap dien, che biln thuc ph5m, xay dvmg -Nongnghiep: Khai thac go, trdng cay cao su - Djch vu: Vien thong, du Iich, ngan hang - Ljch Sli quan h? lau dai - On djnh chinh tri - xa hpi - On dinh chinh tri - xa hpi - Khung phap ly on dinh - Uu dai cho nha dSu tu Viet - Tiep c^n dac biet den nhieu thj - Lgi thi dja ly trucmg cac nuae phat trien - Ca quan hd trp dau tir cua Vi?t - Lcri the cua mot nuoc kem phat Nam tai Lao trien - He thong phap luat bit 6n - Thj trucmg npi dja nho - Khong dong bO giira chinh - Ca sd vtt chSt ylu kem quyen trung uong, dja phuang - Chi phi san xuat cao - Lao dong chit lirong thap - Lao done chat luone thap - Khach san Hoang anh Attapeu - Metfone Telecom (Tap doan (Tap doan Hoang Anh Gia Lai) ! VIETTEL) - Unitel Telecom (Tap doan - Ngan hang Phat trien VIETTEL) ! Campuchia (Ngan hang Dau tir - Petrolimex Lao (Tap doan Ddu va Phat trien VietNam) Qudc gia Vi§t Nam) ' - Nha may che biln san pham tii • siJa (Tap doan VINAMILK) Nguon: ASEAN, 2014 :32 Tap chi nghien cihi CHAt PHI & TRUNG DONG so 06 (118) thang 6/2015 Oau tu trtfc tiep ntfdc ngoai , Hogt ddng ddu tu da dgng da chiing minh rdng Lao va Campuchia Id hai diem den FDI quan trpng Viet Nam ludn ndm top nha dau tu Idn vdi nhidu dy dn thdng qua hai hinh thirc chinh (100% vdn nudc ngoai va lien doanh) va nhidu linh vuc Tuy nhien, ben canh lgi the tgi Ldo va Campuchia, cd rat nhieu bat lgi cho cac nhd dau tu Viet Nam Viet Nam phdi egnh tranh vdi nhiing nha ddu tu d€n tir Nhat Ban, Trung Qudc, Hdn Qudc, Canada, My cd tiem luc tdi chinh manh vd edng nghe hien dai Hp cimg cd kinh nghi&m hon vide dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai - Bia diim ddu tir tiim nang: Myanmar Nguyen Thj Kim Anh - Le Hong Ngpc nhat d Myanmar la Trung Qude, Thai Lan , Han Qudc , Anh, Malaysia, Phap , Viet Nam va An Dp Khodng mdt niia tdng ddng v6n FDI din tir cdc qudc gia ASEAN De thiic ddy dau tu, Myanmar dd de nghi uu dai thue vd nhung khuyen mdi ddc biet Nhiing dy an 100% ddu tu nudc ngodi vd lien doanh dugc cap phep khdng cd gidi ban ve ty le vdn Cac nhd ddu tu nude ngodi cd thd thue ddt Ien din 50 ndm vdi hai Ian gia han 10 nam/Ian Doanh nghiep nudc ngoai dugc mien thue nam ddu tien tir thdnh lap ddu tu Nha ddu tu cd thi chuyin lgi nhu$n vd vdn thdng qua 12 ngdn hang thucmg mai tai Myanmar Thul thu nhgp doanh nghipp gidm tir 30 % den 25% Sau ddi mdi todn dien vd md cua kinh Chinh phu Myanmar va Viet Nam da tl, Myarunar cang nhdn dupe nhieu su quan tdm ciia cdc nha dau tu qudc te vd trd thdng qua mpt chuong trinh thuong mai va mpt viing ddt day hiia h?n d chdu A xiic tien ddu tu vdo ndm 2013, bao gdm mdt Ddt nudc hdp ddn bdi tdi nguyen thien danh sdch cdc ITnh vyc tiem ndng va uu tien nhien phong phii va Iyc lugng lao dgng Idn ddu tu va thuong mai Ba ITnh vyc ddu tu (33,4 tri^u Iao ddng diing thii 19 tren thi chii ylu eua Viet Nam tai Myanmar Id chl gidi), vi tri thudn Igi (ndm tilp giap hai biln thyc phdm, vat lieu xay dung vd xdy nhiing thi trudng ldn nhdt thi gidi la An Dp dyng, sdn xuat hang tidu dimg vd Trung Qudc) Tir nam 1988, Myanmar da Cd nhilu ly cho cde nha dau tu Viet thyc hien chuyin ddi nln kinh te thdnh nln Nam ddu tu tai Myanmar Thii- nhdt, mdi kinh tl thj trudng, cho phep cdc doanh quan he tdt dep giiia hai chinh phii, cac nghidp nudc ngodi ddu tu Tang trudng kinh doanh nghiep Viet Nam nhdn dugc ddi xir tl dupc tri vdi mdt tdc dp trung binh ddc biet vd uu dai tir ca hai qudc gia Thic hang nam Id 6% nam 1996 - 2001, 4% hai, sy phong phu nguyen lieu va vi tri ndm 2004 - 2005 va 5,5% h-ong ndm dja ly chiln luge, Myanmar dugc coi la " ddt 2009 - 2011 Nam 2014, tdng trudng GDP vang cudi cung ciia chdu A" vi nd la mdt thi cua Myanmar la 8,5% Ludt mdi duge phe trudng tilm nang vd thi trudng mdi dl ddu duyet cho phep ddu tu 100% vdn nudc tu Thu ba, thu nhap thdp nhung dan sd ddng ngodi Hien cd hon 600 cdng ty nudc ngodi cho thdy day la mot thi trudng n^i dia ldn tir 32 qudc gia d^u tu 44 ty USD 12 vdi nhu cdu tieu dung cao Do hgn che san ITnh vyc, chu yeu la ndng lugng, dau khi, xudt nudc, nhilu sdn phdm va dich vu khai thdc md vd sdn xuat Cdc nhd ddu tu ldn d ddy cd nhu cdu rat cao, chdng hgn nhu khai Tgp chi nghiin cuu CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG so 06 (118) thang 6/2015 Nguyen Thi Kim Anh - Le Hong Ngoc Oau ttf trtfc tiep ntfdc ngoaL thdc md va khai thdc da, che bien thyc phdm, hoa chat, cau cd vd hdi san che bien, vien thdng, nhd d va du lieh Mot so tini va han che cua OFDI Viet Nam sang ASEAN Trudc ndm 2009, Viet Nam chi cd hai cdng ty cd van phdng dai dien, nhung khdng cd ddu tu vdo Myanmar Cho den nay, cd 23 doanh nghidp Vi?t Nam dd duge phe duyet ddu tu tgi day Den het ndm ndm 2013, Myanmar Id nuoc tiep nhdn ddu tu Idn thii tgi ASEAN ciia Viet Nam, vdi 12 dy an vd sd vdn ddng ky ldn den 442,9 trieu USD Hdu het cdc khodn ddu tu cdc dich vy ngdn hang, vien thdng, bdt ddng sdn vd du Iich Trong ndm 2015, Viet Nam ddt muc tieu dau tu 500 trieu USD tai thi tnrdng ndy K I tir du an ddu tu nudc ngodi ddu tien vdo nam 1989, khudn khd phap Iy ciia Viet Nam da dugc md rgng vd hoan thien hudng tdi mot mdi trudng ddu tu thudn Igi hon, tir nghi dinh dau tien vao nam 1999 vdi Ludt Dau tu ndm 2005, Nghi dinh 78 nam 2006 vd K I hoach ddy manh OFDI ndm 2009 Tuy nhien, doanh nghiep Viet Nam ddu tu vao Myanmar phdi ddi mat vdi nhieu khd khdn Trdi qua vdi ndm cai cdch, he thdng hanh chinh Myanmar van cdn quan lieu vdi thu tyc khdng rd rdng, khung phdp Iy cho ddu tu true tiep nude ngoai chua minh bach Myanmar chi thu hiit va khuyen khich FDI vdo cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep ma bdn thdn nd khdng the phat trien hogc khdng cd lgi the canh tranh Chinh phu ciing cd hgn che va quy dinh cdc hinh thiic ddu tu nudc ngodi cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep cy the Ben egnh nhiing ban che mdi trudng ddu tu, cdc nhd ddu tu Viet Nam ciing phdi doi mat vdi dp lye egnh tranh d Myanmar Dugc coi Id "mdnh ddt vang cudi cimg cua chau A", Myanmar dd thu hiit mgt lupng ldn FDI tit Nhdt Ban va Trung Qudc - hai ddi tdc ddu tu tryc tiep Idn nhat d chdu A Ngoai ra, cdn cd cdc nhd ddu tu tilm ndng tir My vd chdu Au Neu khdng cd mgt chiln luge khd thi, doanh nghiep Viet Nam se gdp nhilu khd khan canh tranh ddu tu d Myanmar 2.1 Mpt so thdnh tuu Tinh din 31 thdng 12 ndm 2013, Viet Nam da ddu tu vao hdu hit qudc gia thdnh vien ASEAN (trir Philippines), dd OFDI vdo Lao va Campuchia van chiem uu thi, Myanmar, Thai Lan vd Singapore Id diem den tiem nang va mdi ddi vdi cdc nhd ddu tu Viet Nam Qui md cua cac dy an khdc vdi tdng vdn ddu tu tir tram ngdn den trieu USD, ddc biet dd cd mpt du dn Ien tdi ty USD dugc cap phep tai Lao Cac ITnh vuc ddu tu dugc da dang hda vdi nhieu hogt ddng kinh tl nhu khai thac md va khai thdc dd, trdng va khai thdc cdy cdng nghiep va cay cao su, cung cap nang lugng, vien thdng, dich vy tdi chinh, ngdn hang, xdy dung vd nhd d, du lich, bdn Id Ddu tu true tiep nude ngodi ciia Viet Nam dugc thuc hien dudi cac hinh thiic khdc bao gdm: 100% vdn Vidt Nam, lien doanh nudc ngoai va hpp ddng xdy dung - chuyen giao - van hdnh Tdt cd cdc doanh nghiep nha nudc, cdc tap doan va cdc cd nhdn diu tham gia ddu tu tryc tilp nudc ngoai Nhilu dy dn da cdng rdt ldn cde diem din Id vien ASEAN nhu d Lao cd dy dn Khdch san Hoang Anh Attapeu, nhd mdy thuy dien Xekaman va Namkong, Unitel Telecom, Tgp chi nghiin cu-u CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG so 06 (118) thang 6/2015 Oau ttf trtfc tiep ntfdc ngoai Nguyen Thj Kim Anh - Le Hong Ngoc Petrolimex Lao ; d Campuchia cd dy dn Metfone Telecom, Ngdn hdng Phat triln Campuchia, nhd mdy lien doanh VINAMILK; d Singapore cd dy dn G7 vl nha d cho Viet kieu; d Myanmar cd dy dn Trung tdm Myanmar Hoang Anh Gia Lai va tren the gidi, ea hai ITnh vyc kinh tl va chmh tri Nhd dd, mdi quan he ddu tu, hgp tac kinh te khu vyc dugc tang cudng vd md rdng Ngoai ra, OFDI eiia Viet Nam da ddng gdp cho ngdn sach qudc gia thdng qua chuyin Igi nhudn vl nudc vd thuc hien cac nghTa vy thul, qua dd tang thu nhdp qudc gia bang ngoai te Them ntia, OFDI da tao mdt Iuc lugng Iao ddng cd chdt lugng cao thich ung vdi ede thdng le tot nhdt ciia kinh doanh qudc te Ket qud la, quan he ngogi giao Clia Viet Nam vdi cac nudc Idng gieng dugc tang cudng, tao dilu kien thuan Ipi cho cdc boat ddng kinh te khdc cua nudc, vd tang cudng ket ndi va hdi nhdp khu vyc, ndng cao vi the cua Viet Nam khu vyc Ben canh nhiing thdnh tuu ndi tren, OFDI Clia Viet Nam vdi cac qudc gia thdnh vien ASEAN khdc bdi cdnh hdi nhap khu vuc dd phai ddi mat vdi nhieu van de 2.2 Hgn che Trai qua gdn 30 ndm thu hiit FDI tir thd gidi va 20 ndm thyc hien FDI vdo ASEAN, khdi lugng FDI nude ngodi eua Viet Nam bdi cdnh hdi nhdp khu vyc la khdng ddng ke so vdi thu hiit FDI tir cac nudc ASEAN Vci tu each la nudc ddu tu, OFDI cua Viet Nam vdo ASEAN Id tuong ddi nhd so vdi ddng chdy FDI ndi khoi ASEAN (chi cd 1,4% tdng luu lupng hong giai doan 2004-2011) VCCI MYANMAR - VIETNAM BUSINESS FORUM In Honor of H.E TRUONG TAN SANG Ngudn: Chu tich nudc Trucmg Tan Sang du Dien dan Doanh nghi?p Viet Nam - Myanmar http://vietnam.vnanet.vn/english/vietnam-boosts-ties-with-brunei-and-myanmar/41427.html Hdu het cdc diem den uu the ciia Viet Nam Id nhiing qudc gia kem phdt trien hon, cy the Id Lao vd Campuchia Doi vdi cdc qudc gia phat trien hon khu vuc (Singapore, Thdi Lan, Malaysia), Viet Nam chii yeu la nudc tiep nhan FDI hon Id ddu tu vao nhiing qudc gia Luy ke den 31/12/2013, Singapore da ddu tu gdn 30 ty USD vao Viet Nam, chi nhan dugc 193 trieu USD tir cdc nhd ddu tu Viet Thdi Lan ddu tu 6,4 ty USD vdo Viet Nam va chi nhdn dugc 11 trieu USD vdn ddu tu ciia Viet Nam Cd the ndi rdng, cdc nha dau tu Viet Nam cd nhiing khd khdn ddu tu vdo cae Tgp chi nghiin ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 [35 Nguyen Thj Kim Anh - Le Hong Ngoc Oau ttf trtfc tiep ntfdt ngoai , ddng nhilu hon, cd nhieu thuan lgi hon ngudn tdi nguyen thien nhien va phdt tridn kmh tl (tdng sdn phdm nudc cao hon, ty le Igm phat thdp hon, kim ngaeh thuong mgi nudc ngodi cao ban vdi My, Canada, Diic, Vuong qudc Anh vd Nhdt Bdn) dd hdp din cdc nhd ddu tu tir Nhdt Bdn, Mf Them niia, Campuchia cd khd nang cao hon hpi nhap toan cdu nhiing uu ddi qudc te (khdng phdi ddi mdt vdi ban nggch xudt khdu va nh$p khdu vdo thi trudng chau Au, Canada, Nhat Ban, Han Qudc vd An Dp) Ket qud la, qudc gia thu hiit su Vl xip hang, sd 52 qudc gia va quan tam va ddu tu nhieu hon tir Trung vung lanh thd ddu tu vao Lao, Viet Nam la Qudc, Hdn Qude va cdc nude ASEAN khdc nhd ddu hi Idn nhdt (429 du an, 4,9 ty USD), Vi vdy, cdc nha ddu tu Viet Nam gap khd tilp theo Id Thdi Lan (4 ty USD) va Trung khan eanh tranh de ddu tu thdnh cdng Qude (3,9 ty USD) Campuchia, Vipt Nam d Campuchia dugc xep hang top nha ddu tu ldn nhdt, sau Trung Qude, Nhdt Bdn, Han Qudc La m0t qu6c gia mdi md cira, Myanmar vd Malaysia Mdc dii Lao vd Campuchia la vdn la m^t tiem nang cho cdc nha ddu tu nhiing digm din chii dao cua cdc nhd ddu tu Viet Dugc coi la "ddt vang cudi cimg cua Viet, cd mpt sy khdc bi?t miic dp ddu chau A", ddt nudc la diem den cho cdc tu dudi dp Iyc egnh tranh Tai Lao, Viet Nam nhd ddu tu nuoc ngoai tren todn thi gidi Sau de dang ddn dau cdc hoat ddng ddu tu cdi cdch kinh te, nhieu qudc gia da chudn vi theo mpt each hieu thdng thudng "khdng bi dl ddu tu bdng cdc bien phdp cu thi nhu: khde se ddu tu vdo Lao" Lao Id mdt qudc Nhat Bdn dd xda 60% tdng sd ng va phe gia dang phdt trien vdi trinh dp kinh tl - xa duyet khodn vay moi cho Myanmar, My da hgi thdp, sd hiiu rdt it tdi nguyen thien nhien cho phep cdc doanh nghiep ddu tu vdo va sy bdt ti?n vl vj tri dia Iy Mac du da rdt Myanmar, cac quoc gia chdu Au chua ddu tu cd gdng dl thu hiit cae nha ddu tu nudc nhung ciing da go bd lenh cam van kinh te ngoai tir cdc nudc phdt trien hon, nhung ddy ddi vdi qudc gia va chdp thudn mpt dudng nhu la dilu khdng thi Chi cd edc nha chuong trinh de khdi phuc lai cac uu dai ddu hr Vi?t (Hodng Anh Gia Lai, Tap doan thuong mai, Trung Qudc dang ddn ddu tu tai Cao su Viet Nam ) dd ddu tu vdo Lao Myanmar vao thoi diem hipn tgi va thdng tri Ngugc lgi, Vi^t Nam khdng phai Id sd mdt ngdnh cdng nghiep trgng yeu, cdc td nhCmg nha ddu tu tgi Campuchia chirc qudc tl nhu Ngan hang Thi gidi va nudc ndy cd nhilu Igi thi thu hut FDI Ngdn hang Phdt triln chdu A da cho phep hap ddn cac nha ddu tu tu nhilu nudc Cu Myanmar tiep can vdi cdc gdi hd trg tai the, Campuchia cd ddn sd va Iyc lugng lao chinh Do do, Viet Nam gdn nhu Id khdng qudc gia phdt trien hem Nguyen nhdn cd nhiing cdng ty todn cau khdc tir cdc qudc gia phdt trien hon (My, chdu Au, Nhdt Bdn, Trung Qudc, Hdn Qudc.) ddu tu vdo Singapore, Thai Lan, Malaysia, tao dp lye canh tranh vdi cdc nhd ddu tu Viet Nam cao hon tren thi trudng Lao va Campuchia Cd khd ndng la cae doanh nghiep Viet Nam khdng cd lgi thi sd hiiu rieng neu ddu tu vdo nhiing qudc gia ndy Ngugc Igi, dieu ndy Iai rdt de ddng cho cdc nha ddu tu Singapore, Thdi Lan vd Malaysia ddu tu vdo Viet Nam E3 Tap chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG BONG S& 06 (118) thang 6/2015 Oau ttf trtfc tiep ntfdc ngoai Nguyen Thj Kim Anh - Le Hdng Ngpc cdng ty dia phuong hoac cac tdp dodn todn cdu Ben canh do, cd mdt sy thieu ket ndi ddu tu hdng tram doanh nghiep Vidt Nam ddu tu nudc ngoai nhung chl cd mpt vai hiep hdi cho cdc nha dau tu tai Campuchia, Lao vd Myanmar de hgp tdc vd hd trg tgi cac thi trudng nudc ngodi Nhiing hiep hdi khdng duge nhan thuc la quan 2.3 Nguyen nhdn trgng va khdng nhdn dupc sy quan tdm ciia Ve phia nha nudc, Viet Nam thidu mgt chinh phu de hd trg cd hieu qud cdc nha dau ehiln luge todn dien ve OFDI Ngogi trir Tap tu Viet Nam doan Dau Qudc gia Vidt Nam, chinh phii Mot so ham y chinh sach nhdm thiic khdng cd chien luge toan dien ldu dai dinh hudng cdc nha dau tu va du an ddu tu vdo ddy OFDI cua Viet Nam sang cac nirdc ASEAN Vi vgy, tdn tai nhieu khd khan ASEAN the chiem ITnh thi trudng Tgi cdc thj trudng thdnh vien cdn lgi, ddu tu cua Viet Nam dang rdt dugc hoan nghenh, nhung khdng dugc xip hgng cao OFDI tdng cua chi 12,2% vdn ddu tu Viet Nam chay vdo cdc qudc ASEAN, Igi nam rai rdc d nhieu du an nhd viec de xuat va thuc hien cdc gidi phdp thilt thyc va kip thdi eho cac doanh nghiep Mac dil cd nhieu nd lue va cdi each thii tuc hanh chinh, vdn nhflng khd khan tir ddng ky gidy phep din qudn ly dy dn sy kilm soat Idng leo Viec cac co quan lien quan kilm soat chdng cheo len nhau, nhilu bd, vdn phdng vd cdc co quan diu tham gia vao viec qudn ly OFDI md khdng cd bdt ky cdng viec cy thi vd ky thudt ciia co quan dai dien Co quan dgi dien cua Viet Nam d nhilu thi trudng (dac biet la cdc nudc chu nhd truyin thdng nhu Ldo va Campuchia) da Iam viec khdng hieu qua viec cung cdp thdng tin vd bdo ve quydn vd lgi ich cua nha ddu tu nudc ngodi Vl phia nhd ddu tu, vdn dl ldn nhdt la ndng Iyc canh tranh Ngoai trii nhung doanh nghiep nha nudc vd cdng ty tu nhdn vdi khd ndng tai chinh mgnh, hdu bet cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam d nudc ngodi phdi ddi mat vdi khd khdn vdn cung nhu tiep can cdng nghe vd kinh nghipm qudn Iy bdi cdnh hgi nhdp khu vyc Nhdn hieu, sdn pham vd dich vy gdp khd khdn de egnh tranh vdi cdc OFDI la mpt phdn ciia nln kinh tl Viet Nam, ddng gdp cdc ngudn luc cho sdn xudt, hang hda, vdn vd ngudn thu ngdn sdch qude gia, thiic ddy hdi nhgp kinh tl eiia Viet Nam khu vyc Vi vdy, can cd cdc chien luge, chinh sdch hd trg va hodn thien khudn khd phdp ly dl thuc ddy vd hd trg cdc nhd ddu tu OFDI Viet d nudc ngodi Thir nhdt, bdt ky qudc gia ndo cung phdi dat din mdt giai dogn nhdt dinh ciia sy phdt triln dl dp dyng chinh sdch khuyin khich OFDI Viet Nam nen chii y dn dinh va phat triln kinh te nudc de tgo mpt nen tdng kinh tl viing chdc nhdm tang cudng tinh hieu qua va kha nang egnh tranh cho cae doanh nghiep trudc tien hanh FDI d nudc ngoai Thii- hai, Viet Nam can cd mdt chien lupc ddi hgn cho hogt dpng OFDI, bao gdm (i) myc tieu cho doanh nghidp Viet Nam; (ii) dinh hudng ve cdc nganh, ITnh vyc ddu tu, cdc dia diem chinh; (iii) he thdng gidm sat, kilm soat, ddnh gia va dy bdo; vd (iv) cdc chinh sdch hd trg cd thdi hgn cu the Ben Tgp chi nghiin cuu CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 37 Nguyen Thj Kim Anh - Le Hong Ngpc Oau t u trtfc tiep ntfdc ngoai Cd thi ndi rdng cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam dang ngdy cdng tro nen quan tdm hon din hogt ddng kinh doanh d nudc ngodi Tuy nhien, hg vdn phai ddi mat vdi sy eanh ti-anh vdi cdc nhd ddu tu tir cdc qudc gia phdt trien Thu ba, Viet Nam cdn tich cyc hon hon (My, Nhdt Bdn, cac nudc chdu Au, viec tham gia hiep dinh khu vuc (thuong mgi Canada, Trung Qudc, Han Qudc ) va thdm song phuong vd cac hiep udc dau tu) va dp chi cd vdi cdc vien ASEAN dung cdc bien phap ddu tu cy thi (miln thue, (Singapore, Thai Lan, Malaysia) Ddi vdi gidm thue, trdnh ddnh thue hai ldn ) de tdng cdc dia dilm truyin thdng (Ldo, ddu tu ndi khdi Ngoai ra, mdi quan he ngoai Campuchia), Viet Nam la mdt nhihig giao cdn dugc quan tdm de tan dyng quan he nhd ddu tu ldn nhdt Tuy nhien, tgi cac thi than thien va thudn Igi cho cdc nhd ddu tu trucmg khac dugc phdt triln hon, OFDI ciia Ben egnh mdi quan he lich su vd truyen Viet Nam la khdng ddng ke Vdn, cdng nghe thdng vdi Lao vd Campuchia, Viet Nam can vd kinh nghiem la nhiing gi doanh nghiep chii trpng ndng cao quan he chinh tri va kinh Viet Nam cdn thieu tl vdi Singapore, Thdi Lan, Malaysia, De tang cudng kha nang egnh tranh, trudc Indonesia, Philippines dl thiic day thuong mgi vd ddu tu Bang cdch tao mdi trudng hit, cde doanh nghiep phdi tu ndng cao kha ddu tu thudn Igi va hd trg cdc nha dau tu ndng tai chinh, ddu tu ddi mdi cdng nghe, nudc ngoai, Viet Nam dang tao co hdi cho nghien ciiu va phat trien, ndng cao chat Iupng sdn phdm va dich vy Tren thuc te, chinh minh de ddu tu qua bien gidi mdt doanh nghiep nen tim thdy m^t vi tri Thu tu, cdc dich vu hd trg khac phdi dugc viing chdc thi trudng nhd trude nd quan tdm vd phdt trien, bao gdm tu vdn phdp cd the canh tranh d cdc thi trudng khdc luat, cung cap thdng tin vd hd trg tdi chinh Ngoai ra, cac doanh nghiep phdi xay Thir ndm, dieu quan trpng Id thiet lap cac dung mdt ke hoach todn dien cho OFDI, CO quan xiic tien dau tu (bao gdm ca cac td bang each phdn tich cde yeu td ben va chiic tin dung, ngdn hdng vd bdo hiem) va ben ngodi, nhdn diem mgnh vd diem yeu, cdc hiep hdi cho cdc nha ddu tu Viet Nam tai CO hpi va cac mdi de dpa tien timg nudc sd tai Cac co quan cd vai trd hdnh kinh doanh d timg nudc chii nha cu viec ket ndi chinh phii vdi cdc nhd ddu the Huong tdi AEC, cac nhd ddu tu Vi?t tu de kip thdi thdng bdo va bao ve cdc doanh Nam phdi nhdn vd tan dung tdt nhdt cac nghiep vd cac khodn ddu tu ciia hg d nudc CO hpi dem Igi bdi cdc hiep dinh ddu tu khu ngoai, gdp phdn viec tdng tilng ndi va vyc va nhirng uu dai cua nudc sd tgi Dua vi thi cua cdc nhd ddu tu Viet Nam tai nudc vdo ndi Iyc cua minh va sy hd trg tii chinh sd tai phu, cdc cdng ty cd the quyet dinh dja diem, Thu sdu, doanh nghiep Viet Nam cdn ITnh vyc vd hinh thiic ddu tu, phgm vi ke hoach du dn vd kinh doanh ndng cao nang lye canh tranh canh dd, hoan thien khudn khd phdp Iy cho OFDI Cling quan trpng nhu quy hoach ddi ban, cai each he thdng hanh chinh dl tiet kiem thoi gian vd chi phi cho cdc nha ddu tu 38 Tgp chi nghien cuu CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 Oau ttf tnJc tiep ntfdc ngoai ^ Nguyen Thj Kim Anh - Le Hong Ngpc Them vao dd, siic mgnh thuong hieu cho phep edc doanh nghiep d^u tu de thu hiit su chii y tir khach hang mdi va cdc cdng ty hd ti-g de canh tranh thi trudng mdi Cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam phai khdng dinh vj tri cua minh vd thuong hieu tai mdi nudc sd Viettel Telecom Group (Metfone va Unitel) da ddnh ddu bdn than bdng thuong hieu mgnh tai Lao va Campuchia, ddm bdo Igi nhudn eua hg d ca hai nudc nhd vd chii nha Vi vdy, viec thilt lap mot thuong hieu manh nen dugc chii trgng bdt k^- mdt chiln tgi Vi dy Tap dodn Hoang Anh Gia Lai va luge OFDI cua nha ddu tu Viet Tai lieu tham khao Michael G.P and David C (2008), FDIeflects of ASEAN integration The Johns Hopkins University, SAIS-Bologna Normaz W.I, Peter S and Maurice K (2009), The effect of ASEAN Economic Integration on foreign direct investment, Joumal of Economic Integration, Vol.24, No.3, p.385-407, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University Rafaelita M A., Josef T Y (2009), Investment and capital flow: Implications of the ASEAN Economic Community, Discussion paper series No.2009-01, Institute for Development Studies, Philippines V6 Thanh Thu, Ngo Thj Ngpc Huyin (2009), Hogt dgng ddu tu true tiip nu&c ngodi cua doanh nghidp Viet Nam, Tap chi Phat trien kinh te, so 225, tr.23-27 Nguyen Huy H&u Nhyt (2010), Chien luge ddu tutruc tiep nuae ngodi cua Vi^t Nam tien trinh hgi nhgp kinh te quoc te, Lu^n an tiln sT, trudng Dai hpc Kinh te TP HCM, TP H i Chi Minh Nguyin Thj Ty (2011), Ddu tu tri^ tiep nu&c ngodi ciia doanh nghidp Vi4t Nam, Lufin vSn th&c sT, trucmg Dai hpc Kinh tl, D^i hpc quoc gia Ha Npi, TP Ha Noi Vietnam Report VNR500 (2011), Bdo cdo thudng ky VNR500 chit di "Doanh nghidp Vi?t Nam v&i ddu tura nu&c ngodi", Vietnam Report Joint Stock Company VNR500, Hanoi Nguyin Hai Dang (2012), Dau tu cua cdc doanh nghiep Vi?t Nam nu&c ngoai qud trinh hgi nhgp kinh ti quoc ti, Lugn an tiln sT, trudng Dai hpc Kinh tl, Dai hpc qudc gia Ha Npi, TP Ha Npi Duang Anh TuSn (2012), Dau tu trm: tiip cua Viet Nam sang Ldo: Thuc trgng vd gidi phdp, Lugn vin thgc sT, trucmg Dai hpc Kinh te, Dai hpc quoc gia Ha Noi, TP Ha Npi 10 Nguyin Cam Nhung va Nguyin Thj Hai Le (2014), Quan hi ddu tu cua ASEAN boi cdnh hinh thdnh AEC 2015 Bai trinh bay tai Hpi thao qudc t l AEC lan III, trudng Dgi hpc Kinh tl, Dgi hpc Quoc gia Ha Ngi t l chuc, thang 10/2014 11 Nguyin Thi Minh Phuang (2014) Tu hoa dau tu cdng ddng kinh ti ASEAN (AEC) vd su tham gia cua Viit Nam, Bai trinh bdy tgi Hpi thao qudc t l AEC Ian III, tnrdng Dai hpc Kinh te, Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi to chuc, thang 10/2014 Tgp chi nghiin ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 06 (118) thang 6/2015 39 ... dau tir Vi?t Nam - Lao Ngudn: http://ngoaivuquangnam gov v 1.2 OFDI cua Viet Nam sang cdc nu&c truyin thong vd tiim nang Campuchia Ldo, Myanmar (CLM) Nam 2003, y tudng vl co chl Viet Nam, Campuchia... MYANMAR - VIETNAM BUSINESS FORUM In Honor of H.E TRUONG TAN SANG Ngudn: Chu tich nudc Trucmg Tan Sang du Dien dan Doanh nghi?p Viet Nam - Myanmar http://vietnam.vnanet.vn/english/vietnam-boosts-ties-with-brunei-and-myanmar/41427.html... Viet Nam chinh phu tgo dieu ki^n cho cdc nha ddu tu Viet Nam thdng qua nhieu uu ddi vl thul va ddu tu vao cac thj trudng Idn can hd trg d^c biet OFDI cua Viet Nam tai ddy OFDI cua Viet Nam sang