Nguyen Thj Tdm N / N H T T N G T H A C H THU'C V £ B O I S O N G C U A D A N T H U Y CU^ S O N G L O (Nghien cuu of khu vuc Thanh Tuyen Quang, tinh Tuyen Quang) NGUYEN THI TAM QitJa Thdnh phd Tuyan Quang, hdng trdm ndm da hinh mot khu van chdi sdng Ld Ggi Id van ehdi bdi tir rat lau, ddn tii xii di ehuyan ve cu ngu lang d nhirng doan sdng, rdi sdng bang ngha chai ludi va chd dd Ngay nay, hg edn dugc ggi Id "ddn nhd be" Sd cu ddn nhd be ndy hien chi edn 58 hg, song van bdo luu dugc nhiJng dac diam van hda vat chit vd tinh thdn La cdng ddng cu ddn gan bd vdi mdi trudng sdng nude, ede thi he tllp ndi sdng tran eiing mdt eon thuyin hodc be da hinh nhirng tap tue, kieng ky, tin ngudng vd nhiJng truyen thdng vdn hda riang Sdng Ld chay qua Thanh phd Tuyan Quang, tao diau kien thuan lgi cho cdc hoat ddng kinh t6, trao ddi budn ban diln tip nap d nai day, nhung eung phat sinh nhilu te nan xa hdi, nhat la ttr ehuc ndm trd lai day Kit qua nghi6n eiiu da ehi mot loat vdn da dang ddt ra, ddn din nhilu kha ndng ngudi dan chdi nai day se phdi ddi mat vdi nhQ-ng thay ddi ve mdi trudng sdng, nghi nghiep, viee lam va cd phong tuc, tap quan, tin ngudng Luge sir eac nghian ciru vl ddn thiiy eu vd Idng chai cho thiy, dd cd mot sd khia eanh kinh tl - xa hdi dugc khai thdc, ttr ddng gdp ly thuylt vdi cdng trinh " A % vdn de ve ldng chdi vd nghiin cini ldng chdi d Nhgl Bdn lir gde nhin vdn hod ddn gian" eiia Chu Xuan Giao (2007) den nhirng ehuyan khao ve ngu dan nhu ''Cong ddng ngir ddn a Nam Bd" cua Nguyen Duy Thieu (2002), "Vdi nit vi sinh hoat kinh ti cua cu ddn tren sdng Huang (iru&c 1975)" ciia Nguyln HtJu Thdng va Nguyln Vdn Tiln (2003) Cdc nghi6n eii'u dd bude ddu phac hga nhiJng ITnh vuc eu thi ddi sdng ngu ddn d nude ta ndi ehung; nhian, vdn chua cd nghian eiiu nao de cap din ddn thiiy eu d sdng Ld Trong dd, cd nhilu van de dang ddt cho edng dong dan thiiy eu nai ddy Bai vilt ndy phan dnh su thich ling ciia nhdm dan thiiy eu d sdng Ld vdi mdi trudng sdng nude va kha ndng li'ng phd ciia hg vdi nhung thaeh thirc ciia ddi sdng xd hdi hien dai Te nan xa hoi d khu nha be Dang sau su binh eua lang chai d sdng Ld, van edn tdn tai nhiJng mdt trdi ciia xd hdi Ddi sdng d khu nhd be hien khd phire tap, nhiJng ndm trude ngheo khd, da cd hang chuc nhd be hoat ddng budn ban ma tuy, td chirc danh cd bae Ben td ngan, ed khudn vidn vudn hoa eua Thdnh phd Tuyan Quang vdi mue dieh kinh doanh, du lieh, song day cung la mdi trudng cho cdc ta nan ed bae, mai ddm hoat dgng Dde biet, d tr6n bd sdng la bin xe Tuyan Quang TgpcluDdn tgc hgc sd5 - 2014 va nhiau bin ehd khach - nai tap trung ddng ngudi vdi nhilu phdn xa hdi, tao di6u kien phdt sinh cac hoat ddng tu tap trdi phap Vi vdy, ngudi dan nhd be cung bj anh hudng bdi nhiJng boat dgng ndy; nhilu gia dinh rai vao tinh trang ca nha nghien ma tiiy, pham phap Khi da cai nghien dugc mdt thdi gian, trd vl nhd, hg van tilp tue tai nghien Khoang han chuc nam ve trude, mot bd phan khdng nhd nian lang chai nghien ma Nguyen nhan la eude sdng ngheo khd va tiing quan khdng th6 lam them nghe khac tren sdng nude, nan hg phdi thj lam thua kiam tiln, rdi du nhap nhirng ludng van hda xau, ddn ddn sa vao cdc ta nan xa hdi va keo theo nhilu ddn ehdi khac d nai day Cude sdng ngheo khd cung vdi cac te nan nghien ngdp Id dudng ngdn nhat din hg dan vdi tir thdn Kat qua nghl6n cii'u da thdng ke dugc ngudi ch6t vi nhilm HIV d khu nha be mdy ndm gdn day Hiu hit sd ngudi bj ch6t vi nhilm HIV dau nghien hiit Idu ndm hodc quan he tinh due vdi gai mai ddm Trong sd ngudi, cd tdi ngudi tudi 25 - 40, chi cd I ngudi 75 tudi Cd gia dinh ed hai bd eon cimg chat mdt nam nhilm HIV Hien tai, Idng ehdi vdn cdn mot sd ngudi dang tinh trang giai doan cudi eiia "cdn benh th6 ky" Ban eanh dd, nhti-ng ngudi d day cho biit tham, trude day cir nam lai xay - vu tranh chip, ddnh vi ed bae giiJa xdm chdi Tdt cd nhirng dieu dd da ndi ldn miic nghiam trgng ciia te nan ma tiiy, cd bae vdn dang tdn tai nai day, trd vin dl nhii'e nhdi xa hdi dan thuy eu va ehinh quyln dia phuang Theo Bdo cdo thuc hien nhiim vu phdt trien kinh ti - xd hdi, qude phdng - an ninh ndm 2005 vd phuang hudng ndm 2006 ciia Uy ban nhdn ddn (UBND) Thanh phd Tuyan Quang, cdng tde qudn ly eai nghien ma tiiy, thdnh da tiln hanh xet nghiem ddi tugng nghi nghien vdi 794 lugt ngudi Trong so 87 ddi tugng duong tinh vdi xet nghiam nghien thi ed 12 ddi tugng la dan nhd be Rieng ndm 2006, dd xet nghiem cdc ddi tugng nghi nghien la 755 lugt ngudi; dd, ed 9/55 ddi tugng duong tinh vdi xet nghiem nghien Id ddn nha be (UBND Thj xd Tuy6n Quang, 2006) Nau so sanh sd lieu ndm 2005 va 2006, sd ddi tugng phdt hien bi nghien d lang chai sdng Ld gidm di nhung vdn cdn Id vdn da ddng lo ngai Cd rdt nhiau nguyen nhdn diy nhiJng ngudi ddn chdi sa vdo ede te nan xa hdi, song nguyen nhdn chinh la sir budng ldng qudn ly eiia ehinh quyan dja phuang Mat khde, dac diam sinh sdng tu eiia eu ddn nhd be, cdng tham sir ngheo khd va dilu kien lam an bdp banh nan ban cdng ddng ciing ndy sinh bao luc, cd bae Hon nira, nhu'ng eon thuyin di ehuyan linh hoat tr6n sdng Id phuang tien thuan Igi cho mdt sd tdi pham hoac gai mai ddm hoat dgng Khi cac hoat ddng lan rdng, cdc ea quan phap ludt mdi tay nhung eung ehi dtrng lai d tii'ng ehi6n dich vd chua the triet bd hodn toan Mae dti vdy, da ed mdt sd kat qud dang ghi nhan edng tde phdng ehdng tdi pham va te nan xd hdi d khu vuc Qua phdng vin vao 26/3/2010, Td trudng Td 7, phudng Tdn Quang, Thanh phd Tuyen Quang cho biit: "may ndm nay, chinh quyln va luc lugng cdng an can thiep manh k6t hgp 62 vdi cdc ddi giiJ gin an ninh trat tu xa hdi tdng cudng tudn tra gidm sat nen eac te nan cd giam bdt" Qua thue tl gdn ddy, vdi phong trao nudi ca idng kit hgp cac djch vu va boat ddng muu sinh tran bd da lam eho kinh ta eiia da sd hd dan chai sdng Ld khd hon trude Viec hd trg vay vdn ciia Nha nude va chinh quyln dja phuong eho cae hd dan ngheo, nhat Id phong trao tuyan truyan ddng vien ngudi ddn lam an, tham gia vdo ede hoat ddng vdn hda tai dja phuang cung gdp phdn rdt Idn cdng tde ddy liii cac van nan xa hdi d khu nha be O nhiem moi trirdng va riii ro trSn song nirdc Tinh trang d nhilm ngudn nude sdng Ld da dnh hudng nghiam trgng din sire khde eua cdng ddng cu ddn van ehdi Mdt nhOng nguyan nhdn ea ban ddn tdi tinh trang Id hien tugng nudi thiiy sdn trdn lan, khdng ed quy hoach Trude ddy, ngudi ddn thudng chi nudi ca theo thdi vu, it sii dung thirc an va hda chit dgc hai Gdn day, phin Idn ede hd dan diu nudi cd theo md hinh edng nghiep, lam eho ede loai sinh vat eu trii mdi trudng sdng bj hiiy diet, dich benh xuat hien cdng nhjlu Mat khac, d nhiem ngudn nude edn ngudi ddn nhilu dja phuong khai thdc, sir dung khdng hgp ly cat, sdi ven bd ddn tdi xdi Id hai bd sdng edng nghiam trgng, dde biet la d dia phan eiia hai phudng Ndng Tiln va Minh Xudn Theo bao cdo cua UBND Thdnh phd Tuyen Quang, san lugng cat va sdi khai thdc tr6n sdng Ld vao ndm 2005 dat 155.000m^ ndm 2009 dat 700.000m^ va ndm 2010 dat 765.000m Nhimg sd phdn anh thuc Nguyen Thi Tdm trang khai thac d at sdn lugng cat, sdi cua ddng sdng, ddn tdi tinh trang id dit hai ban bd, gdy nguy hilm cho cae phuang tien tdu be di lai tr6n sdng va nhirng hg dan sdng tran thuyin be Do nhu ciu xay dung ngdy edng cao, gia nguy6n vat lieu khdng ngirng tdng nen boat ddng khai thac cat, sdi tran sdng Ld khdng chi dung lai d eac hg dan chai md edn thu hiit su tham gia eiia nhieu ngudi tii noi khdc din Dilu keo theo nhiJng tdc dgng tieu cue dan mdi trudng sdng eua cu ddn van chai, nude sdng d nhiem, viec danh bit ca, tdm ngdy cdng trd n6n khd khdn Hoat ddng xiic cat, ddi sdi diln lien tue da anh hudng din ddng ehdy, lu lut, nhit la thdi diam chua xdy dung thiiy dien d Na Hang, hang nam ngudi ddn Thanh phd Tuyen Quang phai chju canh lut Idi mdi mua bdo den Viec sii dung sd lugng Idn tau eude vdo khai thdc cat, sdi eiia cac don vj dugc giao da dnh hudng dan nIn dja chit hai ben bd sdng Theo thdng ke cua UBND Thdnh phd Tuydn Quang nam 2010, ehi riang tran tuyln sdng Ld tai dja bdn tinh Tuy6n Quang da ed 17 dan vj duge eip phep hoat ddng khai thdc cdt, sdi Tuy mdi cap phep, cae ngdnh chirc nang diu yeu cdu cae ehii md khai thdc dung khu vue dugc duyet, khdng khai thdc vugt qua dd sau 4m, song cd noi, cac doanh nghiep sir dung tau eude vao khai thde nan da dao sau tir din I Im so vdi mat ddy sdng Rd rang, viec khai thdc cat, sdi dudi Idng sdng, dii cd phep hay khdng, ciing diu anh hudng din ddng chay, gdy sat Id bd sdng, sut iiin d6 dilu va thip muc nude tran sdng, lam cho thuyin be ciia nhiJng hg dan chdi phai di chuyin lien tue, tde dgng xiu din sinh kl lau dai ciia ho T^P^hiDdn tdc hgc sd - 2014 Khdng gian ehdt hep ciia mdt nhanh sdng, la noi neo ddu cua hdng trdm dd cung Id nai an udng, sinh boat, tdm giat ctia ngudi dan lang chdi Cudc song tap trung ddng due kem theo rae, eac ehdt thdi sinh boat (tir nhd thuyin ciia ede hd ddn vd nha hang ven sdng, nhit la d hai phudng Minh Xuan va Tdn Quang) vd y tl dugc dd true ti6p vao long sdng n6n ddng sdng bi d nhilm nghi6m trgng Ddi vdi eac hd dan sinh sdng tren thuyan va dimg nude true tiap tir ngudn nude sdng, nude da dugc khir phen, nhung nguy co dgc hai tir cae loai chat thai khae nude sdng vdn de dga true tiap sii'c khde ngudi dan Ddy la van d6 nan gidi md den cdc ea quan bdo ve mdi trudng va cac nha qudn Iy van chua tim duge gidi phap khae phue hiJu hieu Mdt vin dl khac ndi com hien can dugc quan tdm tai ldng chai sdng Ld la nhtJng riii ro sdng nude Cdng ddng ddn thiiy cu ludn phdi ddi mat vdi ede de dga rinh rdp hg nhu tai nan sdng nude, k6 ed bdo 10 va giao thdng dudng thiiy Hdng nam, d doan sdng van xdy cac vu ddm dd, chet dudi khiln cho ddn nha be ludn thudng true ndi lo va tdm ly hoang mang mdi van chuyin tren sdng' Dan tri thap Dan nha be trude day thudng sinh nhilu eon dan din ty 16 tdng ddn sd cao vd di kem Id gia tdng di ddn tu do, tdng nhu cau sir dung cdc ngudn Igi thien nhian, hinh thdi quen tieu thu tdi nguyen Idng phi Kit qua Id da gay sire ep rat ldn din mdi trudng sdng, ldm suy giam tai nguyan thiiy sdn vd j ^ c gia den khao sat tai iang chai vao thang 3/201 [, irong nh&ng thang thirc dja da lung chirng kien vu ngu dan noi day di danh ca bj tir vong dam 63 cdc ngudn khodng sdn tr6n sdng Mdt sd hd ddn chdi phdi bd nghi danh bit cd da len bd sinh sdng, song dai bd phan vdn ngheo khd, bude phai quay lai sdng nude vd gia tdng khai thac eac ngudn lgi tu nhian de hy vgng tang them thu nhap cho gia dinh Kit cue, hg vdn roi vao mdt vdng luan qudn: ngheo khd nhu cdu sinh ka - khai thae qua miic - can kiet ngudn Igi - ngheo khd Theo kat qua khao sdt nam 2011, ldng chdi d Thdnh phd Tuyen Quang cd khoang 20 chau dang tudi dan trudng nhung chi 80% sd dd duge di hgc Td trudng Td 14, phudng Minh Xudn cho biat tham, la so thdng ka cho tre em Idng chai, cdn vdi nhii'ng ngudi dan van chai thi cd din 75% that hge Cdc bae ldm eha me, dng bd Idng ehdi ttr tudi 50 - 65, nhilu ngudi khdng biat ehir Vi vdy, trude day cd mdt sd gidy td nhu gidy khai sinh, gidy dang ky kit hdn, gidy vay ng ngudi dan deu ky bang "diem ehi" Idng chdi nay, mti chir la mdt thuc ta ed tinh "eha truyan eon ndi" eiia nhi6u gia dinh Cd gia dinh, ngudi anh cd phai d nha danh ed de nhudng cho em lit di hge, nhung nha ngheo nan hgc hit lop 5, ngudi em lit cung phai nghi hge Chi cdeh mdt bd sdng va mdt van edu tre, ban tran Id phd phudng tip nap, ngudi xe qua lai vdi cugc sdng vdn minh, edn ban dudi Id lang chai nhd be, tTnh lang vd lac hdu Nhilu hg d Idng ehdi chia se va ly giai nguyan nhdn khian lu tre khdng thi din trudng Id sir ngheo khd Nghi ed dugc truyin lai cho tha he sau, nen ddi hdi ngu dan phai lam quen vd gin bd vdi nghi til' liic edn nhd, tham chi tir - 10 tuoi Cd nhu the mdi tao mdt linh yiu nghi nghiep vd gdn bd Idu ddi vdi nghe cd Nguyen Thj Tdm Chinh vi vdy, cd thi ndi, viec that hge d tre em van chdi Id dilu khd tranh khdi Qua thuc, ngudn thu nhap eiia ngu dan Idng chai chdng cd gi ddng kl, nghi cd bip banh, liic dugc liic khdng, khiln hg cii quanh quan vdi cai ngheo Bdi vdy, viee tre em di hgc Id mot dilu qud siic ddi vdi hg Nhung ben canh ly iy, cdn mdt nguyan nhan khac ngdn edn bude chdn din Idp hgc eiia cae em nhd noi ddy Mot sd gia dlnh cho biit, hg cho edi di hgc nhung hgc xong eung khdng biat sau se lam gi Hon niJa, so vdi ehiing ban ciing trang liia tran bd, bgn tre lang chai ludn ed mdt tdm ly tu ti vl hoan cdnh than phdn ciia minh Din Idp hge, khdng it em bi nhiing hgc sinh khde phan biet ddi xir, coi chiing la nhiJng dira tre vd gia eu, khiln rit it tre em d lang ehdi dugc din trudng va ki6n tri theo hgc Khi dugc hdi ve tinh trang tren, mdt cdn bd phudng Minh Xuan, Thdnh phd Tuy6n Quang cho biat: "Chiing tdi cung dd nhiau Idn din tdc dgng, tuy6n truyin mong eae gia dinh eho eon dan trudng di hgc, nhung chi mot vai hg cho eon ti6p tuc den lap hge Dugc dam btJa nira thang, ehiing lai bd hge, ve nhd cimg eha me danh ludi, keo ehdi va di md sdi d6 ban liy tien sinh sdng " Khac vdi eae edng ddng ddn dinh eu tran bd, phan dan cu ciia lang chdi rit khdc nhau, hg vdn Id nhiJng ngudi ngheo, din tir nhilu vung khac nhau, chip nhdn xa qua da dan cde ddng sdng tim ka sinh nhai Hg tu tap cae "van chai", ddi mat hdng vdi sdng nude, sdng vdi sdng nude va cot chat cugc ddi vdi eon thuyin, xem sdn vat bdt dixgc Id su ban tang ciia thuy thin Khai niem bdo ve ngudn Igi va mdi trudng sdng nude dudng nhu vln cdn xa vdi vol hg Tap quan sdng cua ddn thiiy cu ndi ehung va ngu ddn ndi rieng den cdn khd lac hau, hgc vdn thap khdng cd diau kian hgc tap Cung vi tha, nhan thiic ve mdi trudng va tai nguy6n sdng nude eiia dai bd phdn dan cu d day van cdn rat ban chi Hg chua tao cho minh thdi quen, hdnh vi va img xii de bdo ve mdi trudng va tdi nguyen Thuc ta cho thiy nlu khdng thay ddi nhan thiie vd cai thien sinh kl eho ngudi ddn, cung nhu khdng eoi trgng va thu hiit su tham gia cua ngudi ddn vao qud trinh quan ly, thi tai nguydn vd mdi trudng sdng tilp tuc bj khai thdc dan can kiet Do vay, qudn ly mdi trudng khdng phdi Id qudn ly tap trung vdo "con cd, tdm" md Id quan ly hanh vl va dilu ehinh cae hanh ddng ciia ehinh eon ngudi Do trinh ddn tri eua cu dan lang ehdi thip hem so vdi mat bang ehung nen ciing han ehi kha nang tiap can vdi ede dich vu ea bdn nhu y tl, giao due, han ehi hieu biat phdp ludt, nan that hgc, sinh de khdng ka hoaeh Vi thi, khoang each giiia nhQ'ng hd sdng tren nha thuyan va hd dan tr6n bd cdn Idn, rit khd d6 thu hep lai khodng each ndy Ddy Id khd khdn dang lo ngai ddi vdi cu dan Idng ehdi vd Id vdn de cap bach dat cho ehinh quyen dja phuong Thieu on dinh chS a Thiiy san tren sdng ngdy cdng khan hiam n6n vi6c ddnh bit thuy sdn eung trd n6n khd khdn hon trude rat nhieu Tinh trang d nhiem ngudn nude khian cugc sdng ctia ngudi dan lang chdi sdng Ld hang vln gdn liln vdi ndi lo.au vdt va Khdng chi ri6ng gi van chai d nai day, md biat bao dan lang chai khac dang "nudi" minh "gide mo lan bd" dl cd mdt ch§ an eu lae nghiep TgpchiDdn tgc hgc sd'5 - 2014 0dng ra, dan ehdi sdng dudi mdi trudng sdng nude, liy thuyin, mdi be ldm ngdi nha trii mua trii ndng thi phdi y6u quy va gin bd vdi cudc sdng iy nhilu hon Song, thuc tl, ngudi ddn thiiy eu diu cd ehung mdt udc mudn la duge len bd Ngay ca nhu trudng hgp eiia Hul, ft cd the nghT rdng d Hu6 - mdt thdnh phd du Ijch ndi tiang cd lan ngodi nude lai cd rat nhilu van ehdi d tren nhirng eon sdng, nhanh sdng chay Idng phd Dan thdi dilm hian nay, rieng thdnh phd Hua da cd hon 1.000 hd ddn van vdi khoang 7.000 nhdn khdu dang sinh sdng tran sdng Huong Cugc song muu sinh vit vd, lanh denh theo kilp van thuyin khiln hg ludn khao khdt dugc 16n bd sinh sdng Thuc tl, tai nhilu nai, dan chdi dugc giiip da di ehuyan len bd sinh sdng Cd dat dung nha nhung khdng cd tien, dn het gao duge ho trg, hg lai trd v6 "nha thuy6n", Cung cd hd kilm duge viee ldm nhu khudn vde, ed tien mua xi'eh Id ehd thu6., Song, sd hd nhu vdy khdng nhi6u Hon nua, chinh quyln cdc phudng dau eho bi6t dat tai djnh cu rat thieu dan van dd ludn tdng, nhat la sau len bd djnh eu, eude sdng eiia hg vln bip benh d Idng chdi Chua ka din "can lu thit nghiep" tran bd din cdn nguy gap mdy lan "can lu tran sdng" Tuy nhi6n, dugc lan bd van la khdt vgng eiia ngudi ddn lang chdi; nhidu gia dinh dd dde hit vdn liing vd vay mugn dl mua nhiJng can nhd ndm dien chay Id, chip nhan nguy eo mit tring bdt eii liie nao Hon 50 hg dan ciia khu nha be sdng Ld d Thdnh Tuy6n Quang bao the he diu cd ehung mdt gide ma la ed ddt cd nhd, chau duge hgc hanh tu tl, khdng cdn nhirng te nan xa hdi, khdng phai trdi ndi cimg nhii'ng chiae thuy6n chdng chenh, nam ndp ndi lo mtia lii trdn vl va din chit dl, se ed mdnh ddt ldm noi chdn cdt Philu trung cau y kiln hd ddn ehdi sdng Ld tai Thdnh phd Tuyen Quang vl viee lieu hg "ed nguyen vgng lan dit sinh song khdng?" cho kit qua sau: 54/58 (93,1%) hg dan chai tra Idi id "Cd"; hd edn lai tra Idi "Khdng" vi hg dang kinh doanh cira hang dn udng tran nhd be Khi dugc hdi "Ong/bd muon djnh cu d dau?", ed 3.9/54 (72,2%) hd dan chai tra Idi la d khu dat gan nhd thd (vi hg da duge nghe thdng bdo eiia ede co quan chinh quyln vl du an nay); 15/54 (27,8%) hd ddn chdi tra Idi ehung ehung Id "Tiiy theo sir sdp xap eiia Nha nude" hodc "Chinh quyen cho ddt d noi ndo thi sdng d noi dy" Dieu ndy ehiing td tdm ly e ngai ddn ehdi, hodc chi edn duge dinh cu tran bd, edn d ddu Cling dirge Kit qua phdng van sdu mdt sd ddn chdi cho thay nhiJng ly va khd khan ciia cae hd dan thiiy eu khdng cd di6u kien ehuyan lan bd Theo dd, nguyen nhdn ehu yau la khd khan tai ehinh; da sd hg khdng cd dii tiln dl chuyin ddi ddng bg 16n can (bao gdm mdi trudng sinh song va viec lam) Mat khde, mdi trudng sdng (khdng gian thoang mdt) va thdi quen song tran sdng nude (tTnh ldng, yan binh) dd rdng budc hg Vi vay, hg e ngai se khdng thich nghi duge vdi cugc song am T, ngdt ngat, bui bam d tren bd Nhin ehung, da sd hd gia dinh bay td nguyen vgng muon dugc Nhd nude edp ddt dl ldm nhd d, xay dung ea sd ting, phiic lgi xd hdi Tuy nhian, ndi mong mudn djnh cu tran bd, sg dilu kien khdng thuan Nguyen Thi Tdm lgi, ngudi ta van ngai edi khdng cd trdng phdi di lam, Idi sdng phdng khoang bi rang budc rdi lo xa hon nhu lap gia dinh, tach hd thi khdng ed nha, ed dat NhiJng nguyen vgng va yau cdu ndy eiia cdng ddng ngu ddn van ehdi sdng Ld da dat cho eac cip ehinh quyln va cdc ea quan chirc ndng nhiau vin da cdn luu y lap cac du dn dinh cu Khi I6n bd dinh cu, hg cd dit canh tac, tran manh dit ay hg se yen tam han dk lam an, sinh sdng L6n bd lam nha, nhung khdng bit hg tii' bd nghi ed, n6n hg cd tha kit hgp danh bat ed hay nudi cd Idng dudi sdng vira tang thu nhap, vira luu gitJ dugc nhtJug gia tri truyan thdng eiia van chai Tii' chd cd nha ciia dn djnh, cd ddt dai eanh tac, dan ddn hg se cai thien ddi sdng kinh t6, vdn hda, giao due, dam bdo tucmg lai eho eac the he tre Con eai hg se khdng bi phan biet ddi xir, dugc hge hdnh tir ta nhu bao diia tre khac Ddng thdi, lan bd sdng, ngudi ddn chdi s6 trdnh duge cdc thii tue hdnh chinh philn hd, gidm bdt nhiJng djnh kiln eiia eu dan tran bd v6 dan van chai Tha nhung, dd vdn ehi la nguyen vgng ciia ede tha he cu dan lang chai bdi nhirng ngudi lam nghi ehdi ludi noi day hau hit Id dan ngheo nen khdng th6 mua ddt d, xdy Jung nhd cira va khde phuc cdc diau kian khac d6 sinh sdng tran bd Vi thi, ngdy ngudi dan van chi biit trdng chd vao su quan tam ciia ehinh quyln va eac chinh sach eiia Nha nude dl tim nhiJng bien phap thilt thuc giiip cai thien ddi sdng cho hg Hudng phat triln cho lang chai De dam bao ddi sdng cho lang chai, Thanh phd Tuyan Quang da phe duyet du an Idy khu ddt gdn nhd thd de cip cho ngudi ddn Tuy nhi6n, khu ddt ndy lai ndm du an quy hoach xay khudn vi6n vudn hoa va du Ijeh sinh thai nen khoang nam qua, du dn cdp dit cho dan chai vdn chua dugc trian khai Viec xdy dung quy hoach cac khu djnh cu cho ede hd ddn chdi ed lam nghe sdng nude hay ldm nghi tr6n bd la ein thilt Tuy nhi6n, can nghi6n eiiu ky cdc dde didm kinh ta - xa hdi, vdn hod va tap quan truyan thong eiia dan ehdi, tao eho hg su dn djnh ve ddi sdng tinh thdn va vat chit, y6n tam tilp tuc lao ddng ngha nghiep Cdn dde biet chii y d6n phiic Igi cho ngudi gid ylu, benh tat, hgc hdnh eiia tre em Cdc hd ngheo can dugc vay vdn uu dai hoac ddo tao ngh6 nghiep da cd tri6n vgng lam dn Idu ddi Tao duge ede quan he tdt gitJa cdng ddng eu ddn lang chai vdi cdng ddng cu dan da ttr Idu sdng tran bd, dh hg khdng bj mac cam, phan biet ddi xir, nhanh chdng hda nhap cdng ddng Be thue hien eac mue tidu tr6n, cdn ed eac bien phdp cu thi nhu sau: - Md rdng ngdnh nghi, chuyin sang ddu tu nudi cd Idng vdi sir giiip dd eiia edn bg ehuyan mdn ve chdn nudi thiiy san de gidi quyat cdng dn viee ldm, tang thu nhap, dap ung sinh kl eho ngu ddn; ddng thdi, giam dp lire lan tai nguy6n thtiy sdn tu nhian - Phai kjp thdi khai thde, gitJ gin, tdn trgng vd phat huy eac gia trj cua tri thii'c ddn gian eiia ngu dan Dd khdng chi la kinh nghiam ngha nghiep, ede loai hinh ngu cu ma edn la kiau td ehiic xa hdi vd nhihig hiau biet ve mdi trudng, each irng phd ciia hg dilu kian nhit dinh da dam bdo ngudn sdng va vi sir muu sinh idu dai I^PchiDdn tgc hgc sd - 2014 - Chu trgng xdy dung dl dn chuyen vting sdng nude Idng chdi khu du Ijeh sinh thai giua Idng thdnh phd va eoi dd Id ehian Urge phat triln song hdnh cimg vdi ka hoach ndng cip, phdt triln Thdnh phd Tuyen Quang - Cdn cd sir can thiep manh me, diit khodt triet de han niia eiia ehinh quy6n va luc lugng cdng an, cae ngdnh cac cap da cting ddu tranh chdng lai ede te nan xd hdi; bdo ve an toan vd su binh yen ciia khu nhd be ndi rieng vd toan Thanh phd Tuyan Quang ndi ehung - Trong vi6c xdy dung va thue hien cdc du an vd ddng qudn ly nghi cd, cdn ed su tham gia ciia ede nhd khoa hge xa hdi ehir khdng chi nhiing ngudi lam ky thuat, ehuyan mdn cd lian quan den thiiy san bdi day la mdt ti6p can ddi hdi su tham gia ciia nhiau ngdnh Tai lieu tham khao Ban chip hanh Dang bg thj xa Tuyen Quang (2009), Lich sir Ddng bd thi xd Tuyen Quang (1940-2008), Nxb Chinh trj qude gia, HdNdi 67 Diep Trung Binh (1985), "Vdi net vl ddi sdng cua ngu dan viing bien Ddng Bic Viet Nam, Tap chi Ddn tdc hgc, ^6 2, Vc 15-20 Vu Quang Dan, Tgm dimg edp phep khai thde cdc md cdt a sdng Ld, sdng Gdm, tren trang www.CafeF online (Truy cap 22/04/2011) Hdi Van nghe ddn gian Viet Nam (2006), Vdn hod sdng nude miin Trung, Nxb Khoa hge xa hdi, Hd Ndi Dd Minh Khua (1999), "Tim hilu cong ddng ddn cu van Hua va su d nhilm mdi trirdng sdng Huong", Tap chi Xa hdi hoc,S6 l,tr 59-65 Viet Phan (2009), Giac ma lin bd ciia eir ddn Van Dd, tran trang Vietbao.vn (Truy cap ngdy 20/11/2011) Nguyen Duy Thieu (2005), "Tim hiau cdc cdng ddng ngu dan thiiy cu d Viet Nam", Tgp chi Ddn tdc hge, Sd 1, tr 13-23 UBND Thj xa Tuyan Quang, Bdo cdo Thirc hien nhiem vu phdt trien kinh le xd hdi, qude phdng - an ninh ndm 2006, 31/12/2006