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Chuyên đề Luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT và Luyện thi Đại học, Cao đẳng 2009 CHUYÊN ĐỀ CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Câu điều kiện loại I Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai If + S + V (hiện tại), S.
CHUYÊN ĐỀ : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Câu điều kiện loại I Điều kiện xảy tương lai If + S + V (hiện tại), S + will/shall/may/can + V (nguyên mẫu) If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you If it is sunny, I will go fishing Câu điều kiện loại II Điều kiện xảy tương lai, điều kiện giả thiết, ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng If + S + V (quá khứ), S + would/could,should,might + V (nguyên mẫu) Riêng động từ “to be” dùng “were” cho tất ngơi Ví dụ: If I were a bird, I would be very happy If I had a million USD, I would buy that car (3) Câu điều kiện loại III Điều kiện xảy khứ, mang tính ước muốn khứ, giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng khứ If + S + had + P.P (quá khứ phân từ), S + would/could/should/might + have + P.P If he had come to see me yesterday, I would have taken him to the movies NÂNG CAO: Câu Điều Kiện Diễn Tả Thói Quen Hoặc Một Sự Thật Hiển Nhiên Câu điều kiện diễn tả thói quen, hành động thường xuyên xảy điều kiện đáp ứng, diễn tả thật hiễn nhiên, kết tất yếu xảy ra.học tiếng anh Cấu trúc: If + S + V (hiện tại), S + V (hiện tại) Tất động từ câu (mệnh đề mệnh đề điều kiện) chia đơn Nếu diễn tả thói quen, mệnh đề thường xuất thêm: often, usually, or always Ví dụ: I often drink milk if I not sleep at night (Tôi thường uống sữa thức trắng đêm.) I usually walk to school if I have enough time (Tôi thường đến trường tơi có thời gian.) If you heat ice, it turns to water (Nếu bạn làm nóng nước đá, chảy ra.) If we are cold, we shiver (Nếu bị lạnh, run lên.) Câu điều kiện Hỗn hợp: Trong tiếng Anh có nhiều cách khác dùng diễn tả điều kiện mệnh đề điều kiện với "If" Ngồi loại nêu trên, số loại sau sử dụng giao tiếp ngôn ngữ viết Ví dụ: If he worked harder at school, he would be a student now (He is not a student now) If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện a) Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại I - Nếu câu có “should” mệnh đề if, đảo “should” lên đầu câu If he should ring , I will tell him the news Should he ring, I will tell him the news - Nếu câu khơng có “should”, phải mượn “should” If he has free time, he’ll play tennis Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis If she comes early, we’ll start Should she come early, we’ll start b) Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại II - Nếu câu có động từ “were”, đảo “were” lên đầu If I were a bird, I would fly Were I a bird, I would fly They would answer me if they were here Were they here, they would answer me - Nếu câu khơng có động từ “were” mượn “were’ dùng “ to Verb” If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book If they lived in Australia now, they would go swimming Were they to live in Australia now, they would go swimming c) Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại III - Đảo trợ động từ q khứ hồn thành If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home Had it rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home If he had trained hard, he would have won the match Had he trained hard, he would have won the match * Chú ý: dạng phủ định, “not” đặt sau chủ ngữ: Had it not been so late, we would have called you If not = Unless - Unless thường dùng câu điều kiện - lúc Unless = If not Ví dụ: Unless we start at once, we will be late If we don't start at once we will be late Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams d) But for/without/ if it (not/be) for + phrase But for: khơng có… Ví dụ: - You help me everyday so I can finish my work But for your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work Without your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work If it were not for your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work - She encouraged him and he succeeded But for her encouragement, he wouldn’t have succeeded Without her encouragement, he wouldn’t have succeeded If it hadn’t been for her encouragement, he wouldn’t have succeeded - The teacher explained and we understood But for the teacher’s explanation, we wouldn’t have understood Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu theo gợi ý I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now If I………………………………… If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop But for……………………………………… If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it If I ……………………………………… I only come if they invite me Unless……………………… He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam If he……………………………………………… His sister sent her money, so he continued to study But for………………………………………… The park is over there, only minutes’ walk If you walk……………………………… In case it rains, we’ll stay at home If it…………………………… Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu sau dựa vào từ cho sẵn: I'll buy a new hat I'll give it to you If Today isn't Sunday The pupils can't go swimming If He wasn't here He didn't have a lot of fun If he had been here, he would have had My brother will have enough money He will buy a bicycle If He didn't have time He didn't read this novel If he had had Because she missed the bus, she was late If Peter doesn't study hard, so he can't get good marks If My sister is absent from her class because she has a terrible headache If Windy didn't come, so we cancelled the meeting If 10 He was angry, so he didn't say anything If Bai 2: Rewrite the following sentences 1.If she does not hurry, she will be late for school Unless…………………………………………………………………… I could finish the work early because he helped me Thanks……………………………………………………………… With a lot of luck You may get your novel published If…………………………………………………………………… 4.I might won $3000, and I’d travel to Spain If…………………………………………………………………………… 5.Our air condition is not working and I feet hot If…………………………………………………………………………… 6.You should give up drinking to protect your health If …………………………………………………………………………… Maybe I could go to Spain to visit you If I…………………………………………………………………………… I think you should stop making noise in class If…………………………………………………………………………… 9.I don’t speak English well enough to work for a foreign company If I…………………………………………………………………………… 10.We haven’t got any money so we can’t go on the trip If we………………………………………………………………………… 11 She is not a millionaire so she can’t buy a house in Tokyo If…………………………………………………………………………… 12.She doesn’t have a bike so she has to walk to school If she ………………………………………………………………………… 13 I am not rich businessman and I can’t afford to buy an expensive car If……………………………………………………………………………… 14 My parents don’t allow me to go ,so I have to stay at home If……………………………………………………………………………… 15.She doesn’t pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible If……………………………………………………………………… 16.They not know each other very well so they not talk to each other If………………………………………………………………………………… 17.He is not a millionaire, so he can’t give you all that you want If…………………………………………………………………………… 18 She loves him so she forgives him easily If………………………………………………………………………………… 19 We get up late in the morning so we not have time to have breakfast If………………………………………………………………………………… 22 He didn’t hurry, so he missed the train If………………………………………………………………………………… Bai Use “Unless” instead of if 1.The crops would have been ruined if the flood had risen higher Unless ……………………………………………… If you had not sneezed, he would have known that we were there Unless………………………………………………………………… 3.If she did her hair differently she would look quit nice Unless………………………………………………………………… If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game Unless…………………………………………………………………… 5.If I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job Unless…………………………………………………………………… 6.If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife Unless…………………………………………………………………… If you not like this one ,I’ll bring you another Unless………………………………………………………………… I’ll not be able to any work if I not have a quiet room Unless……………………………………………………………… If she does not hurry, she will be late Unless………………………………………………………… 10 If we had more rain, our crops would be better Unless………………………………………………………… ... walk……………………………… In case it rains, we’ll stay at home If it…………………………… Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu sau dựa vào từ cho sẵn: I''ll buy a new hat I''ll give it to you If Today isn''t Sunday The... will have enough money He will buy a bicycle If He didn''t have time He didn''t read this novel If he had had Because she missed the bus, she was late If ... didn''t come, so we cancelled the meeting If 10 He was angry, so he didn''t say anything If Bai 2: Rewrite the following sentences 1.If she does not hurry, she will