^._ ^l^\iang dong va khac biet ve van hoa cua ngirdi Thai d Nghe An (Viet Nam) va ngu'di Thai d Lao* LE H A I D A N G * * hilu hpc gia n h i n dinh sU cd m i t cua ngfld T h d d Vipt Nam l i kd't qua cua qui trinh d efl xud'ng phia Nam tif vung Nam Trung Quoc cua t l tien ngfld Tay - T h d cl, n h i m t r i n h sfl dong hda cua ngfld Hin Tfl diy, mdt bqi p h i n cua cie nhdm Thai n i y tiep tue d cfl xuong cae khu vflc khic d vung Tiy Bic Vipt Nam v i Ddng Nam A nhu Lio, Myanma, hay Thii Lan (Wyatt 1984), t h d gian d ctf d e n cic t h i ky diu Cdng Nguyen (Cam Trong, 1978), N Theo nhilu t i i lidu d i edng bd', ngfld T h d d eie qudc gia ndi trdn ed cung mpt nguin gic nhflng nhufng biln d | n g lich sfl v i qua trinh thidn d , dia b i n v i mdi trfldng efl tru da ed nhilu thay doi so v d n d d cu, b d viy v i n hda cua hp cd nhiing biln dli siu sic tidn nhilu chilu canh v i tao nen nhflhg s i c t h i i dia phflong het sflc da dang Vin hda l i pham trfl rdng, bdi viy, troi^ khudn k h i bii vilt niy, t i e gia chi dl cap de'n nhiJttig quan ni$m, flng xfl va hanh vi eua tdc ngtfd T h i i d Nghe An vi Lao dli v d nhtfng nghi ll, t i p quan sinh de v i c h i m sdc t r i so sinh Tfl dd, p h i n tich v i bfldc diu chi nhuhg ylu to chu dao tao nen sfl tflong dong va khac bi^t van hda ciia ngfld Thii Nghd An vdi ngfldi Thii d Lio Q u a n ni$ni s i n h c o n Quan nipm sinh d ngfld Thii Ngh$ An cung nhfl ngfld T h i i d Lao k h i gilng Da l i vg chong thi vi^c sinh li tfl nhien nhtf cay co nd hoa viy Sfl diJi cua moi dfla tre khdng cM l i sfl kien trpng dai eua tflng gia d n h , m i edn la niim vui eua ei dbng hp, ddng thi lam phiic, nhilu ldc; sinh nhilu eon thi liic gii ylu s6 dflpc eic eon phun^ dfldng chu dio; cip vp ehoi^ n i o khdng sinh dflOc eon tin bi coi l i vd phuc, kie'p trfldc i n d khdng t i t hay da pham d i u cam ky Day cung l i quan nidm p h i bid'n cua da * Nghien cdu niy dupc tii tip bdi Quy Phat triin iOioa hpc v i Cdng ngh§ Quic gia (NAFOSTED) dS tai "Tin ngudng din gian vi nghi IS gia dinh ciia r^Udi Thii d vdng bidn gidi miSn Tay Thanh Hda - Ngh§ An su dli sinh vdi ngU6i Thii d tinh Hda Phin, nudc C^ng hda Dfin chi Nhfin dfin Lio", mS B6: IV2.2-2013.14 •* TS L6 Hii DSng, Vi§n Thdng tm Khoa hpc xa hoi - Vi#n Hin lim KHXH Vi^t Nam Li Hdi Ddng - Tuang dong vd khdc biit ve vdn hda cda ngUdi Thdi s l cae tOc ngfld song b i n g ndng nghiep truyen thd'ng, xuat p h i t tfl nhu eiu vl sfle lao ddng eua moi gia d n h Ngoii ra, sinh nhilu ddi khdng ehi l i nhu cau cua ridng gia dinh m i eon l i mong mudn eiia ea dbng hp B d vi, mSi mdt vien d d se l i m cho ddng hp ddng due, ldn manh hdn d l tfl dd, tie'ng ndi cua hp tdc c6 trpng lugng hon cic dbng ho k h i e tiong nhiing vi^e mfldng, viec ban Kieng ^ m a n g thai Phu nii T h i i d Ngh$ An v i n l i m viee binh thfldng mang thai Hp cho ring, nlu tri cic edng vipc nhe nhing, van dpng hgp ly tlh cd t h i me se khoe manh, t i m ly thoai m i i , nhd viy m i thai nhi phit t r i i n deu, de sinh Thai phu phai tiinh cic edng vipc n i n g nhpe nhfl ganh, vic dl say thai Kieng v d tay qui eao, khdng bfldc qua day thtfng dang budc trau vi sg nga tiiu d chuyin, i n h hfldng den bio t h d Neu cd d i m tang, thai phu khdng dfloc d dfla ma vi sg i n h hfldng de'n sflc khde ciia thai nhi, hoic khiln dfla tre ed the chit d d 55 nhilu dii; khdng i n ea nfldng v i ca nau eanh, sg Ifle de khd thai; khdng uong ntfdc diftig tiong d'ng bflOng da chat vat mpt diu, b d sg sau n i y eon sflt moi V d ngfld Thii d Lio, ngtfd me mang thai, ngfld n h i da mdi cie vi sfl d i n n h i tung kinh, l l P h i t d l cau may m i n Trong t h d gian dd, ngud me thfldng xuyen len chua tung kinh nidm Phat d l eau phuc v i cung phai thflc hien mpt s l kieng hy nhfl khdng ndi dd'i, khdng i n cip'" Theo tuc lp, ed thai, ngfld phu nfl se deo vio co tay mdt l i bua bang la dfla duge gap t h i n h hinh vudng, co khie nhihig I d phii chu mang tinh chi't ma thuit Ho deo l i biia dd eho t d dfla be chio d d m d thdi Trong t h d gian mang thai, ngfld phu nfl khong kidng khem qua nhieu thfl nhfl ngfld Thii d Nghe An m i chi kieng i n cdm ngudi v i ciii dfla vi sg sau n i y die rupt hoic diu cua dfla tre se eflhg nhfl sp dfla, khd dl; kidng ngii d biu cfla hoic nhiing n d tid'p giip - ngoii, tren - dUdi vi sp lue sinh se dd dang, kdo dai Ben canh nhflng sfl kidng ky cua t h d phu doi v d thai nhi, thi ngfldi ching eung phai t u i n thii mdt s l d e u kidng Id nhfl khdng s i t sinh, khdng chit ciy, vi so i n h hfldng de'n sfl p h i t triin cua thai nhi ; khdng dflge c i t nhtifng loai ciy diy leo d l sau n i y de, cuing s§ khdng sdt bung ngfld vg D i y l i nhCfng d i m khic biet cua ngfldi T h i i d Lio so vdi ngud T h d d Nghd An Theo t i p quin, mang t h d , ngfld phu nfl phai kidng khem mOt sd' thfl nhi't dinh nhfl: khong i n cic mdn cay, so thai nhi bi "ndng"; khdng i n q u i m i n nhieu ngiy, sg sau n i y de bi sifng chin, phu chan; khdng i n m i m tdm, m i m tdp, m i m ehua, dtfa muoi sg thai ye'u, ed t h i gay cie bpnh ve m i t , t h i m chi hdng thai Ngoii ra, thai phu edn kieng i n qua T^ip quan sinh de sinh ddi vi sg de sinh ddi, khd nudi; khdng i n thit cic eon v i t bi chet, vi lo sinh, Theo tniyln thong, san phu Thai d san phu bi thie'u miu; khdng i n oc, sg N ^ p An sinh nd tai n h i vdi stf trg giup 56 ciia b i dd "vtfdn", hoic h i ndi, b i ngoai Ngud Thii cd t i p quin chuyin nhiihg phu nfl s i p sinh sang n i m d gian bd'p Khi lam bin, thai phu sinh eon d ttf the quy Thai phu thudng bim vio mdt sgi day thiing dflge budc chat v i tha xuing tfl x i bep hoic dm cdt n h i bep lim d i m tUa m i r i n de Ngfldi Thii kieng de d gian nha chinh, n d cd bin thd to tidn, vi sg mau ban l i m d ud' linh h i n to tidn, khiln cho gia d n h khdng may min, gip nhilu chuydn xau Hon nfla, sinh eanh bd'p Ifla se giup ngUd phu nfl dd m i t nhi$t sau "vflgt can", dong t h d , theo quan nipm cua dong bio, Ifla giup xua dull ma quy, khong eho ehung de'n l i m hai sinh linh bd nhd vCfa dd Nghiin ct'eii Dong Nam A sd 9/2015 phii dl d trang thai md, vi du: ciJte ldn, efla bd, ngan keo, t h i m chi ea dao nhip Ngoii ra, phu niJ phai xda tde khong bui, gia sue eung dtfgc tha rdng, ehd dflge thio xich Tat ea nhtftig vipe lam n i y diu nhim mue d e h giup eho s i n phu sinh nd d l ding Trudng hdp khd de, ngtfd ta t h i mOt dao biia vio cai binh da diy nfldc, ni^m ehu va tung hflhg ba lan, sau dd vay nfldc tiong binh vio ngfld san phu Cd nfldc phdp dung d l viy v i o ngfld san phu l i nude la m i ngfld chong da n g i m ngdn tay eii eiia minh vio; ngfld ta tin r ^ g nfldc d6 c6 thi chfla khdi b$nh cho san phu, C h i m soc t r e stf s i n h ngUd Thai Ngh$ An, dfla trS chio ddi, b i dd qui'n v i i quanh ngfld tr^ rli "mde milng" - eho ngdn trd d i quln mdt it bdng sach v i o mi§ng dfla tre dl liy Gilng v d ngfld Thii d Nghe An, chi't nhdn Sau dd, b i dd tilp tue nhflng lim bin, ngfld T h d d Lao cung m d b i dd dau ngdn tay da qui'n v i i sach vio mpt (md tdm nhe) vl l i m le v i dd de De xong, loai nUdc eii cd vi cay (eu n i y da dflge gii ngfld n h i d u san phu den n i m eanh bIp n i t roi hda vio ntfdc) d l lau sach Ifldi vi Ifla v i phai "nim Ida" (rfu cdm) tiong vbng ldi eho dfla tre Ngfldi ta tin ring, lim nhif 15 ngiy dli v d eon so v i 10 ngiy v d vay se t r i n h dflge bdnh tfla IflSi v i den ra, Trong quing t h d gian "nam Ifla", ngfld hpt, nguyen n h a n k h i l n tre khdng t h i bu n h i ludn or canh chim sdc, dd't Ifla lidn tuc Ben eanh dd, cdn cd mdt cich k h i phi dl phdng mdt loai ma ggi l i cdn phay liigt biln nfla la nhd vao mipng t r i vii gipt lim hai Sau vii ngiy n i m Ifla, neu sflc nflde chanh dfldng hoic qu^t m i t ong ldn khde da binh phuc thi san phu dflge phep Ifld Cac b i me ndi r i n g , nfldc chanh tim nfldc ndng Tim xong, ngtfd n h i ldn nhd v i o mieng, tie se ndn hdt nhdt chfla xin nfldc phdp tjidm mdn) ve v i y len bung ra; cbn mat ong thi cd t i c dung lim ngfldi sin phu saeh mipng Vide lau mi^ng eho tr§ r i t Trudc dfla tre chio d d , ngfld Thii d quan tipng, vi nhd t h i , tre se eo h d thd Lio thflc hi^n mdt so nghi thflc khdng thay khoe manh, khdng bi khd khd v i giim c6 d ngudi Thai Nghe An Dd la \dt ca nguy cd m i e cac bdnh vl dfldng hd hip nhflng thfl ed ehfle nang md va ddng thi Tap quin n i y chi cd d ngfld T h i i Ngh$ d ngfld Thii Nghd An, nhifng trfldng hgp khd dl, gia d n h thudng mdi thay mo din n h i "lim phdp" d l thai phu dl de hon Le Hdi Ddng - Tuang dSng vd khdc biit ve vdn hoa cua ngudi Thdi 57 An chfl khdng thay xui't hipn d d r i n g , gifla van mdnh eua dfla tre va cai vd dtfng cd mot md'i lien k i t linh C i t ron l i k h i u khdng t h i thie'u thieng, vi v i y viec chdn v6 duhg d chim sdc tie sd sinh, von dfldc thflc hien d i u dflge suy xet can t h i n Theo tap quan, sau diia tre ddi Dung cu eat hg thfldng chdn vd dflhg dfla tre dfldi goc cay v i thfldng xuydn theo ddi sfl phat ron l i mgt doan eat nfla kho, sac va mdt trien ciia cai c i y dd de dtf doin vl cudc d d sgi day nhd (thtfdng la day td day hoac chi ciia dfla tre sau n i y , Ne'u dflpe chdn khiu); ca hai thfl dd dfldc lude sdi de sat can t h i n , tM sau n i y dfla tre ldn ldn se it triing roi dat tren dia B i mu "vtfdn" bupc bi I m dau, benh tat, edn ne'u cudng eulng ron, ehd each bung dfla tre khoang m i hi vat n i o dd b d len va tha d thi cm roi lay mdt day k h i c budc doan gan dfla tre dd se gap nhilu bi't hanh Sau ngud me (theo kinh nghidm eua ngfld chdn vd dflng xong, bo me dfla tre Thai la d l phdng b i n g huyet d san phu), phai ve dpn dep n h i eiia, sfla sang eic sau dd m d dung que nfla c i t dflt cuong ron ndng cu, v d mong mudn nhuhg vipe lam K l dd, ba lay bdng lau sach m i u va b i n g n i y se giup dfla tie quen tinh eln t h i n va vet c i t can than, roi liy t h d ixUa yeu lao dgng, tinh ngi) khdi bung san phu song ngtfdi Thai d Lao Nhau t h d se dflge b i ngi ciia dfla tie cho vio ong cay met'^' roi chdn phia sau n h i , dung eho nflde mfla tfl m i i gianh (hd huan) ehay xud'ng Chdn t h d nhtf the' de lam mat v i dem lai sflc khoe eho dfla tre Ngtfd Thai khdng chdn thai d phia trfldc n h i vi hp quan nipm nhfl vay se ed ma ve lam hai dfla tre Quy trinh n i y dflge thfle hien cho ca tre g i i v i tid, khdng phan biet vi tri chdn L § r a b^'p (ooc k h o ) U ngfld Thai Nghe An, san phu phai ngu d gitm bep den h i t thing, nhflng khdng dupe keo dai sang t h i n g khae Du sinh dau thang hay eud'i thang thi dd'n ngiy cull ciing tiong thang ciing b i t bupc phai chuyen len n h i tidn Thdng thifdng, neu ed du t h d gian thi ngfld ta thfldng d cfl bd'p khoang ngiy, sau dd gia dinh chpn ngiy td't de efl Khi cfl, ngfldi ta thudng to ehfle le eung mifng sfl hien d d n eua t h i n h vien m d gia d n h v i l i m le boc via, cau sfle khde, mong em bd hay i n chdng ldn L l n i y gpi la l l bd'p (ode khg) Ngfld Thai d Lao cung r i t coi trpng cuing Tuy nhien, hp khdng chdn sau c i t nhtf ngtfd T h i i Nghe An, m i dem bo v i o mdt cii vd b i n g di't nung r l i dat canh bep lufa Sau thtfc hien nghi le bep, ngfld ta m d mang v6 dflng Trong le hep, ngfld ta chit hai cinh thai d chdn; ngfldi n i o dflge giao diu t i m cang dii cang td't d l l i m thang c i m vd dtfng thi p h i i chuyen tfl tay b i c dflng tfl dfldi s i n n h i ldn den ehd em phai sang tay t r i i d l sau n i y dfla tre be nim Ne'u canh dau n g i n qui thi dtmg t h u i n c& hai tay Ngtfdi T h i i d Lio cho que tre d l noi vao Sau dd, ngud ta lay mdt 58 doan diy chi dii, mdt dau bu|c vio cl tay em bd, diu Ida thdng xud'ng cai h i nhd d i dio s i n dtfd d^t (ho n i y dflge ggi l i h i via) Ngoii hd' via cd hai h i khac canh chin thang bang cinh dau Ca ba hd' nhd n i y diu dflge phu kin bang nhiing chile la Do cung nghi le gom cd: gi, rflgu, thit Ign va trau eau Gia d n h san phu phai m d thay eiing vl lim ll v i m d b i hg h i n g vl chflhg kiln, mflhg eho chau bd m d d d Vd ngfldi Thai fl Lio, sau dfla trd d d , ngud ta xoa dau dfla k h i p co the roi tha nd vio chiu nfldc dd ed mdt chie'e nhan va mdt sgi day ehuyin, vdi fldc mong nd se cd eudc sing sung tuc, du day Sau dd ngfld ta dat dfla tre vio gan bIp Ifla, quing thdm vio ndi mpt spi "diy thieng" dl trfl t i Hp cd tuc le sd vio bd p h i n sinh due ciia dfla tie vtfa m d chio d d v d niim tin lim nhfl viy, sau dfla tie se phat triin tfl nhien Cdn ngfld s i n phu sau sinh xong phii k h i n xin "me Ifla" phu hp eho dfla tre dtfgc khde manh, cho minh nhanh chdng hoi sflc v i dflhg bi hun ndng n i m bIp Khi h i t ban nam bIp, ngfldi phu nfl quing mdt eii k h i n die bidt len vai, ngflc va lam H ciing bep Sau cung bIp xong thi san phu vay mot thfl nfldc da dugc n h i sfl phti phdp vio bd'p Ida, sau dd t i m rfla v i mic quan ao hang ngiy L l Cling mil (vfin t o ^ c lom) I i eung mu (vdn tdic ldm) or ngfld Thai Ngh§ An dflge thfle hien dfla tre sinh khoang mpt tuin, nham ciu sfle khde v i may mfin Nghi ll dflpe d e n Nghien cifii Dong Nam A, sd 9/2015 buong ngu cua san phu, Thiy mo dflpc m d d i n thfldng la nfl b d nhtf viy dl tilp ein va cau khah b i mu hon D o i ^ bao cho r i n g dfla tre d d l i ed Me Ld Bdu, mpt vi nfl than tien mfldng t r d m i dan gian hay gpi l i ba mu, dflc tfl khudn Mim eung Me Ld Bdu gom hai dia xdi, n i m mieng tiau, hai chen rflpu, mpt bit nudc, n i m ddi dua, h d qua trflng g i lu^e Thay mo thay mat gia chu bao eao v d to tidn v i cic the' IflC sieu nhidn, eau eho hai me eon manh khde Sau dd, thay mo cung d gian ngu cua h d me eon L d eiing ke lai qui trinh mang n i n g de dau, chuc tre nhanh ldn, khoe manh, chim ehi lam an dl sau n i y bo me, dng b i dfloc nhd eiy Cung xong, ngfld ta l i y thit ga v i trflhg g i eham vao mipng dfla tre Nghi thflc ciia ngfldi Thii d Lio lai c6 nhflhg d i m k h i e biet Hp quan niem dfla tie m d sinh dtfpc ba ngiy vin cdn l i eua ma, sau ba ngiy m d ehinh thfle l i cua minh, vi viy, d i n ngiy thfl tfl, gia d n h m d t l chflc ddn mifng sfl hidn d e n cua t h i n h vien m d Trong IS niy, gia chii mdi anh em, hp hang than thude dd'n uIng rflpu mifng cho dfla tie sinh thuin lpi, chuc cho dfla tre ldn len gap nhilu may Cung mu xong, ngfldi Thii d Nghd An cd tuc nhd thay mo eung ciu eho bau sfla cua ngudi me luon nhilu sfla, khdng bi tic Nghi thfle nhfl sau: trfldc tien, t h i y liy kdo eat hd trtfdc dau vu cua san phu, muc deh y i m khdng eho ma quy lim hai; roi lay rflpu chai xudi bau vu d l khdng t i c tia sfla, lay trflhg xoa vio bau vij ngfld me v i cham v i o mieng dfla tre, cau mong tr6 hay Le Hdi Ddng - Tucmg dong vd khdc bi$t ve vdn hda cua ngudi Thdi i n chdng ldn Trflhg, quan nidm cua ngfld Thai tflgng trtfng cho sfl sinh sdi, nof v i vidn m i n Sau thay mo cung xong se budc chi vio (^ tay ngfld me de gifl via; mgi ngudi bupc chi e l tay cho dfla tre, ciu ehfle v i ban phflde n g ngoai dfla tre treo noi; thay mo eiing ndi, eau cho tre ngon giic; sau dd h i ndi d i t dfla tre vio noi, ru ngu; mpi ngtfd eung an uong vui ve, mflng cho gia ehu Tilp sau dd, ngfld me be' dfla tre xuong dflng d chin cau thang, mdt ngfld phu nfl hp cam kdo e i t mdt it tdc cua dfla tre rli chia l i m ba nhum: mdt nhum d i t vio cinh bfld, mdt nhum de d gde eau thang, mdt nhdm d l o trflng ga dang i p , v d mong mudn vide cay v i chin nudi phat trien, ed thflc i n v i thflc p h i m doi dio cho tre'^' Vdi ngfldi Thai d Lio, dfla tie dflge day thing, gia d n h lai lim le cfit tde eho nd, d i y la mpt die d i m khdng k h i c biet ve ban eha't so v d ngtfdi T h i i d Nghp An nhifng hanh vi eu t h i thi khdng gid'ng Khi c i t xong, so tde dd dflpc de vio mdt eii khay l i m b i n g la chuli v i chpn ngfld mang tha xud'ng sdng v i o lue nfldc ldn Khi tha khay, ngfld ta thtfdng doe ldi eau nguyen v i ldi chuc cho dfla tre L e d ^ t t S n (xtf chiif) L l dat ten cho tre (xa chU) dflge ngfld Thai d Ngh^ An coi trpng Gia dinh ben npi chu&i bi mam l l g i m hai chai rUgu, mpt d a t r i u cau de xin dng b i ngoai hoae dng b i mdi**' d i t ten eho chiu Anh em hp h i n g cho tiln vio chie'e dia d tidn m i m d l 59 chuc miftig M i m cung chuin bi xong, thay mo ngoi xud'ng dpc b i i k h i h xin phdp t l tidn v i than linh de dng b i i^oai dat tdn cho chiu Khah xong, ong ba ndi mdi b i ngoai be chiu, r l i dng ngoai hoic dng ciu se dat ten eho dfla tre Nha ngoai d i t ten cho chiu kem theo I d chuc sfle khde, hay i n chdng ldn Ne'u chiu t r d thi chue eiy rupng gioi, d rifng ed g5, quing chii dfldc ea; cbn chiu g d thi chflc sflc khde, net na, sidng det vai, thdu thiia v i ndi trg gioi,, Nghi Id d e n r i t than m^t v i aim cung tai n h i ndi; nhflhg can cd stf hidn d d n ciia dng b i ngoai v i vg chong dng b i md'i, die bidt l i dng ciu, vi d ngUd Thii Nghp An v i n tri e h l dp quyin dng cdu (actmvulat), d i u dd duge bilu hidn rd net d d sd'ng tdn giio - tin ngfldng cua hg The nen,' chua 'cd stf hidn d e n cua nhiing ngfld niy, nghi ll se khdng thtfc hipn dflge, vi chinh hp m d l i ngfld quye't dinh ten cua tre Hon nfla, cic nghi le sau n i y tiong cu^c d d dfla be ciing thfldng dng cfiu chu tri V d ngfld T h i i d Lio, le d i t ten cd chiit k h i c biet Lflc be, cha me v i anh em hp h i n g thtfdng gpi bang nhOhg cai tdn xifu d l khdng ed ma quy n i o thich m i bat d , Ndu dfla tre chfla dtfpc d i t tdn d l gpi h i n g d n h i thi gia dinh nhd nhiihg i ^ d cd nhieu kinh nghiem d i t ten eho con, d i y chfla phai l i ten ehinh thfle Cbn tdn chinh thfle, ddi dfla tre sap d hpc r l i m d dat vi lue dd da qua giai doan khd nudi Tuy nhien, eung cd nhieu gia dinh dat tdn eho tie sau dtfgc mOt tuan tuoi 60 V d mdt so gia dinh khic, sau chao d d , dfla be dflge hd me dfla len ehua 16 Phit, ciu phuc v i nhd sfl d i t ten Neu cd d i u kien, ngfld ta thinh sfl vl nha l i m ll, bull IS thudng r i t eiu ky, hinh thflc v i ton kem Cdn v d nhOhg dfla tre bi't hanh, bo me khdng ed kha n i n g nudi hoae mo cdi cha me, ngud ta ciing dtfa ldn chua de eac sU nudi nang v i day d l Trong bull le, cac sfl thfldng l i m le bu|e chi eo tay cho cic be v d mong muln dem lai binh an, may m i n , sfle khde v i mpi d i u an linh Dfla tre chi bo ehi d tay da thuc sfl khoe manh, trfldng thinh'S) Nghiin ci'eu Dong Nam A, sd 9/2015 NhOhg d i m tflOng d i n g vl v i n hda gifla ngtfd Thai d Nghe An v i d L i o dugc ly giii theo nhilu hfldng v i hilu theo cic each khic Ly dflpc cic n h i nghien cflU quan tam nhat, dd l i trUde diy hp eung ehung die d i m vl nguin gd'c, vl lich sfl hinh t h i n h , ve ngdn ngfl va d d song van hda Cdn ed nhCfng khac bipt l i qui trinh tpc ngud, sU thien d dd'n eie vung di't khie dl efl tru v i giai quye't vi'n dl sinh ke Trai qua q u i trinh thay dli ve mdi trfldng sing, ngfld Thai bude phai xen efl v d eie tde ngfld khac, ttf dd hp chiu anh hfldng v i tiep thu cic gia tri v i n hda eua nhOftig ngfld l i n g gilng qua cic md'i quan h | trao doi hdn n h i n , quan hd kinh t l , vi cic md'i quan he xa hdi khic, Ngoii nhiihg d i m khic biet dd, ngfld Thai d Ngh§ An v i Lio deu ed ehung quan nipm la tre so sinh n i o ciing cd mpt vi than h | m | n h ctf ngu tidn dinh dau, ^d vay dinh dau l i chi Unh thieng nha't t h i nen Khi ndi de'n sfl k h i c bidt v i n hda ciia hp kieng d i t b i t ky v i t gi len dd, tuypt dd'i khdng dupc phdp d i n h vio dau tre, ndu eu dan niy, can xdt de'n yd'u td' anh hfldng khdng than se r d d v i dfla tre se bi Im, eua tdn giio - tin ngfldng, dac bidt l i Pb^t neu than d han thi ngfld dd se chit giio Nhfl chiing ta da bilt, d Lio, ty lp Chinh vi viy, ngudi ta thfldng lay sdi ehi nhiihg ngfld tin theo Ph^t giio chiem so thieng bude vio d tay dfla tie de ngin ddng Chinh vi stf sung bai dao Phat, ndn khdng eho than d diu Iia khoi qui trinh p h i t triin, P h i t giio da de lai nhilu dau a'n ddi sd'ng van thin t h i qua dfldng tay hda cua cic cpng dong ctf d i n d Lio Ph^t Vai n h ^ n x e t giio da d v i o ddi sd'ng, hipn huXi nhfl m^t thfle t h i huh ed v i tao ndn nhiihg ndt Qua eic v i h de trinh bay d tien, chung tdi nhin thay ed nhieu d i m tflong ding truyin thd'ng d i e bidt m i chi vin vin hda cua ngfld Thii d Nghd An hda Lio mdi ed f Lio Sfl tflong ding dd bilu hidn rd net Do vay, cd t h i khang dinh stf khic biet trdn nhieu phflong d d n nhfl quan nidm, tfl ve cic nghi thflc, bilu hi^n hanh vi tfldng v i thflc hanh van hda Tuy nhidn, cac nghi l l va tap quin chu yeu xuat phat cung cd mOt s l t i p tue suy eho eung deu eo ti^ viec ngfld T h i i d Lio da tilp thu Ph^t chung ban eh^t, nhflng eieh tiifle thflc giio va van dung linh boat v i o eic tip hinh lai ed khie bi$t ddi chut quin d i n den stf dan xen giiia v i n hda Le Hdi Ddng - Tuang dSng vd khdc bi?t ve vdn hda ciia ngUdi Thai P h i t giao v i v i n hda truyin thd'ng Hau h i t cie nghi thflc, nghi ll lien quan d i n d d song h i n g n g i y eua ngfldi Thai d Lio, bao gom ea nghi l l lien quan d i n sinh de v i c h i m sde til so sinh, deu cac vi sfl chu tri, eon d Nghe An lai l i eac thay mo Trong dd, ngfld Thai d Nghe An khdng cd dilu kien t i l p xue nhilu v d Phat giao v i it chiu anh hudng cua van hda Phat giio ndn cbn bao lifu dflge nhieu gii tri van hda truyin t h i n g , ban s i c cua t|e ngfldi Thii./ CHU THICH Phlic Nguydn, Ddu dn vdn hda Phdt gido ddi sing cu ddn cdc b0 t0c Ldo, http://btgcp.gov.vn Mdt la Ioai ciy gilng nhu eiy vau, ed nhieu gidng, lie trudng thinh cao ehifng 20 - 30 m Ciy dupe tring nhilu d viing rifng c6 ngudi Thii sinh sing nhu Tay Thanh Hda, Nghp An v i Mai Chiu - Hda Binh (Viet Nam) Mdt dupe dung de xiy dung nhi cfla, lim bd dinh ci, eiu phao, c5t bulm, vat li|u dan l i t gia dinh Ngoii ra, mdt cdn l i nguydn lidu giay, vin sgi dp thay gd Mang cua nd iam thuc phim Day I i mat hing cd gii tri xuat khiu eao Vl Vin An (1985), Cic tuc Id chii ylu ddi sing ngudi Thii d huypn Con Cudng, N ^ p Ttnh, tr 32, Tu li^u luu tai Thu vien Vidn Dan tdc hpc, H i Ndi d ngudi Thii Nghd An, dng b i mdi ddng vai trd cue kjr quan trpng khdng chi ngiy cud m i ci cude sing ve sau cfla ddi vp ehing hp lim mii D6 Ii nhiing ngUdi da vi't vi, chim lo moi vi^c dl dim cUdi d i n sudn sd, ho hing hai bdn vui vd v i ddi trd toai nguy|n Theo tuc ld> sau dim eudi, dng b i mil trd thinh b l me thfl hai eua ddi 61 vg chong tre, bdi viy ho phai c6 trich nhipm v i nghia vu dd'i vd dng b i mii nhu v d b l me d§ v i ngupc lai , Phlic Nguydn, Dau aa vin hda Phit giio ddi sing cu dan eae bd tdc Lio, http://btgcp gov.vn TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Vl van An (1985), Cic tuc Id chu ylu ddi song ngud Thai d huypn Con Cudng, Nghd Tioh, tr 32, Tu lipu luu tai Thif vi^n Vidn Dan tdc hpc, H i Ndi, Nguyin V&n Chinh (2006), "Tip quin chim sdc tre so sinh tai gia dinh va cpng ding d ndng thdn Vidt Nam", Ky yeu Hdi nghi thdng bdo Ddn tdc ligc Ld Hii Dang (2010), 'Tip quin vi nghi Id lien quan de'n sinh de, cham soc me vi tre so sinh ciia ngUdi Tiy MuOng d huypn Con Cudng, Ngh? An", Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc, s l 6, tr.24 - 32 Pham Quang Hoan vi Nguyin Ngpc Thanh (1992), "Gia dinh v i hdn nhin", Cdc ddn tdc Tdy, Niing d ViSt Nam, Vien Din tdc hoc, H i Ndi Phic Nguyen, Ddu dn vdn hda Plidt gido ddi sd'ng cU ddn cdc bd tdc Ldo trdn http://btgcp gov.vn Save the ChUdren/US.20Ol, Pakoh Child Rearing Study Dakrong District, Quang Tri province, Vietnam, Hanoi Nguyen Ngpc Thanh (1997), 'Tuc 1^ sinh de vi nudi day d ngUdi Mudng huyen Thanh Son, ianh Phii Thp", Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc, s l 3, ti.59-63 Nguyin Ngpc Thanh (2005), Gia dinh vd hdn nhdn cda ddn tdc Mudng d tinh Phii Thg, Nxb KHXH, H i Ndi, Cam Trpng (1978), Ngudi Thdi d Tdy Bdc, Nxb Khoa hpe xa hpi H i Ndi 10 Wyatt, David K (1984), Thailan: A shoH History, Yale University Press, New Haven and London ... phan biet vi tri chdn L § r a b^'p (ooc k h o ) U ngfld Thai Nghe An, san phu phai ngu d gitm bep den h i t thing, nhflng khdng dupe keo dai sang t h i n g khae Du sinh dau thang hay eud'i thang... nhidn, eau eho hai me eon manh khde Sau dd, thay mo cung d gian ngu cua h d me eon L d eiing ke lai qui trinh mang n i n g de dau, chuc tre nhanh ldn, khoe manh, chim ehi lam an dl sau n i y bo me,... n h vio dau tre, ndu eu dan niy, can xdt de'n yd'u td' anh hfldng khdng than se r d d v i dfla tre se bi Im, eua tdn giio - tin ngfldng, dac bidt l i Pb^t neu than d han thi ngfld dd se chit giio