BONG TINH LUYEN AI - HIEN TlTONG XA HOI DANG LAN RONG TRONG GIOH THE HIEN NAY Nguyin Thi Bich Hing ' TOM TAT ^ Cich day khoang 30-40 nam, dflng tinh luyin ii duang nhu xa la vo, ngucn Viet nhat la o mien Bac Viet Nam Tit kh, di, nuac doi mai, dflng rinh luyin ii g,oi ,te da phat tnen vi lan tpng tra mpt hien riipng xa hpi cin phai hip dong Bii bia neu tinh hinh Chung ve dflng tinh luyin ii tren hi gifli va c, Vie Nam, dfln thin giai thieu cac rghien eiiu dinh gia ciia eac nhi khoa hpc tren thi giai vi suy nghT cua tac gia vi vin di biic XIJC n i y Tir khoa: ding tinh luyin ai, hien luong xa hoi giai Ire ABSTRACT Around30-40years ago homose.viiality teas apparenllv a ten- unusualphenonienan m Vietnam especially in Ihe Norlh Viemam Bul since the coiinlivS innovation homosexuality among Ihe youth lias developed and became tvidespread social phenomenon -.-Inch should be alai-niing This paper presents a general situation o, homosexuality m the tvorldand m Vietnam and intiodiices research studies in Ihe tvorld as well as offers Ihe author i ottn evaluanon legarding lliis conli-oversial ,ss„e Key wards: Homosexuality, social phenameiion voulh 1, Mot s6 net vi ding Hnh luyen tren the giiti va 6- \iet Nam Theo a i lieu Ijch su gh, nhin duac dflng ,inh luyin ii (DTLA) duoc thiy o chau Au ht thoi Hy Lap co dai va a Tmng Quic lii thai Xuin Thu vao khoane 600 nam (TCN) Ngay nay, DTLA duoc thay o hiu hil qufic gia Uen ihi gifi,, nhieu nhil li a cite quic gia pha men chiu Au vi Bac My Da cfi nh.iu cach dinh nghia khic vi DTLA song d.nh nghia sau day cua Hiep hpi Tam ly hpc Hoa Ky Amencan Psychological Asso'sialion (APA) la cu the to ting ban ca Theo APA -Dong Hnh luyin tii hay * „ ,/„,, chi viec bi hip din lien phuang dien linh yeu hay linh due hoac tiec yeu duang hay quan he linh due giua nhimg nguai ciing gioi tinh vfli nhau, irong hoin canh nao dfi hoac uong mfit thai gian nao Dflng tinh luyen ii cung chi su m nhan cua ea nhin dua lien nhung hip din dong gioi va su tham gia vao mpl cpng ding ciing giai linh" (I ] ' Th.S NCS Khoa Ly luan chinh ,n Truanc Dai hoc HT -Hnh p ^ , i u li E^ai noc Ha I mh Email hang ni,u>en.hib.ch'u h.u edu TRI/ONC DAI HOC HA TINH Trpng tieng Anh, homosexuality la ri, chi chung vi dflng tinh luyin ai, gay chi ngucri dong tinh nam, lesbian chi nguoi ding tinh nii, dpc ngin li les Giai n-c Viet Nam goi ding tinh nam li/iecfe hay 6(ing/p, dongco dflng tinh nfl lad mdi Vcri trip luu phit nien cic xu hupng tmh due khac nhau, khoang vai thap ky qua, tten the gtai da hinh mpt tfl chitc mang rinh quic ti cua nhitng ngutri cp xu huong tinh due khic bmh thucmg dupc gp, la LGBT Ti chuc LBGT liy npng cit la nhung ngucri ding tinh luyen LGBT la cum hi viit tit hing Anh ctia cac hi sau: L la ctia Lesbian - dong tinh ntt; G li cua Gay - dflng tinh nam, B la cua Bisexual - nhttng ngucri lutag giiji, ii nam, ii nii; T la cua Transsexual - nhiing ngucn chuyin dii gicM Tfl chuc quflc li LGBT cfl ttu sci tji Sant Francisco, Hoa Ky Co hieu ciia LGBT cfl hinh spc biy sSc ciu vflng Ca hieu niy va biiu ttung LGBT da xuat hien p Viet Nam ttpng nhitng nam gin day O cic nuflc phupng Tay nay, thep cac khao sat so bp cho thiy, co toi 1% din 5% din sfl cic nuoc Bac My la ding linh, nhiiu nhil la My va Canada, co toi 2% din 10% din sfl da Hmg trai nghiem vii dang hinh vi linh due dflng gioi cupc dpi Niu phan chia theo gifii thi ty le nam dfing tinh cao hon khoing lin so vol nir dfing linh Mpt nghien ciiu nam 2006 o Lie, cfi 20% si ngufli tri loi limg cft cim giic vi linh due ding gifii, nhung chi cfi 2% tit nhin la dfing tinh Canada, mpt cupc khao sit fl 121.300 nguiri lien 18 lufii, cfi 1,43% si din tu nhan minh la dflng tinh hoSc lutag tinh Cfl i khao si vi sfl luong ngu6-i DTLA o cic nuoc chiu A Tai Trang Quic, mp uflc inh cho bii cfl khoing 2,25 neu dflng linh nam, chiim khoing 0,17% dan si Tai Indonesia uoc tinh efi khpang 55.000 dflng tinh nam, chiim 0,025% dan sfl Cfl thi thiy si nguai dflng tinh fi chiu A thip hon rit nhiiu SP vai chau Au, chiu My Diiu dupc giii thich bpi yeu lfi gia dinh, van hpa xa hpi fi chau A il tao diiu kien cho viec hinh thicn hutag tinh due DTLA o thiiu nien [4] mien Nam Viet Nam, vio thip nien 60 thai My Nguy, bit diu xuit hipn DTLA Ti, sau nam 1975, nhat la tit dit nufic mo eua hpi nhip quflc ti diu thap ky 80 din nay, DTLA phat men rat nhanh tren khip dia bin ci nufic Chua cfl cupc diiu tra chinh thiic vi so nguo.i DTLA tai Viet Nam, cic uac tinh dua cic sfl khac vai sai khae tit lta Theo UPC tinh cua bic si Trin Bflng Son, nha nghien cim vi gioi linh hoc nii tiing eua Viet Nam, sfl dflng linh nam uflc linh co khoang 70.000 nguai, chiim 0,09% dan sfl Theo CARE mat Ifl chuc phi chinh phii, efl khoing 50.000 din 125.000 ngucri dflng tinh, chiim khoing 0.06- 0,15% din sfl Nam 2012, tai hpi thao vi HIV/AIDS Vien Nghien cim Xa hpi Kinh le vi Mfli ttutag (iSEE) va Chuang mnh Phfli hpp cua Lien Hiep Quflc 18 chiic, flng Le Quang Binh Vien ttutag iSEE dua sfl ngutti dong tinh vao khoing 1,65 meu nguoi, luong duang vfii 2% din si Viet Nam [2] TRLTONG BAI HOC HA TINH DTLA o Viet Nam hien phi biin ttong mpi phin ciia gipi tte rii thj to, cic v-img nflng Uion xa xfli, rir cic khu cflng nghiep tfi," cic ttutae da, hoc thim chi ca trutag thtag Nhihtg sfl dang lm, y, Trutag Da, hpc Su pham Thanh phfl Hi CU Mmh nam 2007 da ,hue h,en tham dp ttpng 300 hoc smh cua ba mitag mtng hoc co sa va mtng hpc phfl thong lai Thanh phi nay, eho thiy cfl 42% hoc smh cho rang I % hoc smh ttong ttutag cua minh la ding tinh, 2% cho rang ri le niy la 5% 8- cho i n g ty- le la 10% va 25% eho rang ty le cfln lm hon niia [2] Hien mpng DTLA my chua phii li biic xiic Ita vi an nmh xa hfli song nfl da anh huang lon tai thuan phong my tuc, to, nhtog chuin muc ttong quan he xa hfii m,vin thing tot dep eua nuoc ta Nhiing dam cuoi tfl chitc cfing khai diy du Ihu mc li nghi giua hai nam nien hoac hai ihanh nu fl Tiin Giang Bin Tre VTnh Long, ihanh "phi Hfl Chi Mtnh ttong vai nam qua NTttag thtiu nien bo nha di bui dai cac nhfim ga,nhompe di da, deo hu, chich thutag thiy ttong cac hem o thinh phi Hfi Chi Minh Hang dem fl Ha Nfli phi Hi Chi Minh vi mpt sfl phfl Ita khic t i n thiv eac tip men dong tinh rii tap, gay in io mit ttat m thim chi nao loan tton cic quin bar cae tu diem va dutag phfl Da cfl ril nhiiu cic tu in hinh su: giii ngufli.'cuflp cua dam chem, ghen mtag bat ngufln ri, cic mii quan he DTLA Mfl, ttong nhtoe haa, dong duoc to chuc cong kha, eua nhung ngupi DTLA la cuflc ihi tim kiim nam trrang MansKle -008 cua ngua, dong tinh nam dien ^io lfli 20 12 2008 lai phi Hi Chi Minh Cupc d,e„ hinh lan diu lien cua nhtog ngufli DTLA a Viel Xam duac tfl chuc ao ngiv 6/8/2012 tai Ha Npi Hp diiu hanh bang ve dap xe miy quanh cic phfl m m lim t-a giutag CO CP mau sac cua ciu ving co hieu cua DTLA va LBGT Quflc li Vciv" hfl, diu tten cua nhtog nguoi dflng linh ta ung hfl dflng linh co ten la -/ - Toi ddng^' duoc to chuc tai Cfing vien Thtag nhal Ha Nfii t i o 27 10 2013 vol hpn 2000 thari, menchu yeu la ngucri dflng tinh tham gia Trong ngi hfli co loi cap dfln tlnh nam nu tfl chuc dam CUOI cong khai Ngat- hoi duoc ifl chuc thai gian cua kv hop ihii Quic hp, khoa XIII nham dfii hoi lui, phap cho phep DTLA a hfin nhin dfin» rinh Nhu viv hon 1.6 tneu ngufi, DTLA bang : o din so Viei N a ; (iheo si cua SEE) dang muon the hien cong khai la DTLA t a mufln up ,hanh ihuc the cua xa hfli C a i raa hien tuong DTLA eiia cac nha khoa hoc Tiidiu ,bi ky XX thi g,a, da nghien cuu ,e DTL ' duo anh sang cua cac linh uc khoa hpe khac nhu Sm I,- hpc phan lim hoc ,l,in k.nh hoc xa ho hoc Cac n.h.cn cuu ,,p m,ng vao viec g,ai mi cic ngu.v.n nhin din den h.en mpng DTLA d l.m c^u ,ra lo, cho cau ho, DTL co phai ,a benb I, ba> khflng di iim cach mig vu pi b.en lucm na, Da CO nhieu nghien cuu v cic yin tfl hmh „.„ ihi™ humg nnh due dfin imb" sa bp CO Uie phan theo cac nhom sau [5] ^ TRLTONG BAI HOC HA TINH Yiu Id gene bdm sinh Mpt SP tic gia cho ring nhtag nguori DTLA la bim sinh va gene quyit djnh Tuy nhien, Peter Bearman va Hannah Brackner fl Dai hpc Columbia va Dai hpc Yale (My), nghien ciiu dit lieu til Trung tam Y ti quic gia vj nien cho biit, xac suit ci nguoi ttong mpt cap spng sinh (lufln luon ctog gene) diu la ding tinh chi la 6,7% vfi, nam va 5,3% vfli nu Nhu vay, yiu ti gene bim sinh khong phii la yiu t i quyit djnh hinh Utanh DTLA Mdl Iruang sdng vd gido due Moi ttutag song: Cic nghien ciiu cho Ujiy DTLA cfl mii lien quan rit chat che vcji sir thi hfia cua noi dii hipng la vj thinh nien 14, 15ritflicu ng,, Do la dp mii bit diu day thi vi cfl su djnh hmh vi hip din gipri lmh Mitc dp dp thj hpa cang cap thi ty le ding tinh eing CP xu hutag tSng Nguyen nhin dupe xic djnh la vi o cae thinh phfl lta it co rang bupe vi du luan va cic chuin miic van hfia, khiin nien va vj nien