Thông tin tài liệu
ITfi'NGeUflN&KGHIENClfUl T^ng quan v^ biS'n d6i hSu va binh dang gidi L e T h i Thtftftig Huy^n", Lfi T h i T h a n h Hifrfng' Hien nay, tren the gidi co nhieu bang chiing ve moi liin h$ giSa bien doi hdu fBDKH) va binh ddng gidi (BDG) Mot mat, BDKH ldm nghiem nhiing van di bdt binh dang gidi (BBDG), lam chgm tien trinh dgt dugc BDG Mat khdc BBDG cd thi lam tot If ihem nhang dnh hudng cua BDKH Bai bdo sa dung nhiing dQ lieu sdn co iren cdc trang web di tong hop, phdn tich thong tin ve BDG dudi cdc tdc dgng true tiep ciia BDKH vd van de long ghep gidi irong cdc chinh sdch, hdnh dong lien quan den BDKH, lit dd dUa mgt so khuyen nghi nham cdi thien vdn di BDG bdi cdnh BDKH dong thdi ldm cho cdc hanh ddng vd chinh sdch BDKH dugc hi$u qud han TH khoa: Bien doi hdu, binh ddng gidi, bii'n ddi hgu va binh ddng gidi A review of climate change and gender equality Le Thi Thuong Huyen', Le Thi Thanh Huong' Existing literatures show thai there are linkages between climate change and gender equality On the one hand, climate change is likely lo exacerbate existing gender inequalities and prohibit the progress towards gender equality On the other hand, gender inequality can further worsen the effects of climate change Using data available in the internet, this review aims at analyzing on information about gender equality under the direct impacts of climate change and gender mainstreaming in policy, action on climate change Based on the results found, recommendations to improve gender equality in the context of climate change are made in order to contribute for more effective policies and actions on climate change Ke\ words: climate change, gender equality, climate change and gender equality- Tie^: I: Trudng Dgi hoc Y teCong cong T a p chi Y te Cdng cflng, 9.2013, So' 29 (29) • Ngiy nh$n bii: I9.7.20I3 • Kgiy phin bi^n: 5.8.2013 ã Ngiy chinh sda; 15.8.2013 ã Ngiy dirô?c chap nh^n dang: 2S.8.2013 I TfiNGQUftK& NGHIIN CUUj Dat va'n d l "Bien doi hau" (BDKH) da diidc coi la mot van de an ninh nhan loai the ki Trong hifn tai va tiTdng lai, nd da, dang vd se anh hifdng den nhieu linh vijc nhiT nong nghiQp, an ninh liTdng thtfc, nang Itfdng, tai nguyen ntfdc, da dang sinh hoc va c^c h# sinh thdi, sffc khoe ngtfSi, cung nhtf cac khu dinh etf va mo hinh di ctf [33] Dtfdi nhiJng tac dpng dd, phu nif dac bipt dl bi ton thtfdng so vdi nam gidi vl vai trd xa hpi ciia ho, stf phan biet doi xu" va nghfeo ddi Hdn niia, ho it dtfdc tham gia v^o qud trinh quy^t dinh nhijng chiS'n Itfdc thich rfng va giim thieu BDKH d ta't ca cie eS'p quoc te, quoc gia va dia phtfdng [32] Phu nff la mgt nhSn to' quan trpng ca thich tfng va giam thieu BDKH [32] Long gh6p van de gidi la nhSn to quan trgng chinh sich BDKH; dtfdc cho Id giai ph^p de dat dtfdc BDG va cung la dam bao eong ci3a dtf ia va cic chinh sach BDKH [25] Bai viet nham trinh bdy nhO'ng thdng tin t^ng quan ve tde dong cua BDKH de'n BDG vS vS'n de long ghep gidi cdc hanh d^ng, chinh sdch v^ BDKH Phiftfng phdp thu thSp thOng tin Tai lieu y vdn dtfdc tim kiem tren cdc trang web ciia nhi?ng cd quan, td chtfc vi ITnh vtfc BDKH va/hoac BDG tai Vi?t Nam (VN) va trdn thg" gidi; ciing he thong cd s6 dff lieu khoa hgc Id Pubmed va Sciences Direct Vdi tiif khda chinh dtfdc sS dung bang tieng Vipt "bien ddi hiu", "binh dang gidi", "bien doi hau va binh d^ng gidi" - tifdng tfng vdi cdc til khda tie'ng Anh "climate change" "gender equality" va "climate change and gender equality" cilng vdi cdc tieu chi Itfa chpn: tim kiem nang cao, khdng gidi ban ve the loai tdi lieu, su" dung ca bSn tdm til va toan van, thSi gian cong bd/xua't ban ti3f ndm 2002 trd lai day Du'a vao tieu de va phin tdm tit/muc luc cua bai viet, 36 tai Heu da dtfdc si dung cho bai bao ndy; dd cd tai lieu tieng Vift, 31 tai Ueu tie'ng Anh, bao gdm: quyen sdeh, 17 bdo edo, bai bdo tijf tap chi chuyen nganh, bdi bdo tren internet NOi dung tdng htfp 5.7 Binh dang gidi du&i cdc tdc dgng trUc tiep cua bien doi hgu 3.1.1 Ndng nghiep an ninh luang thuc nhan la mot nhffng nganh nhay cim vdi stf thay ddi cua h$u [26] Udc tinh vao nam 2100 san Itfdng cua hau het edc loai cay trdng se giam tiJ 10 - 40%, vd se c6 il nhat ty ngtfdi rdi vdo canh thi^u Itfdng thtfc anh htfdng cua BDKH [35] Phu nfi" phdi dd'i mat vdi nhifng rui ro ma't miia ban hdn va lu lut nhidu hdn nam gidi vdi ti 1# 48% d Burkina - Faso, 73% d Congo, 64% d Viet Nam[3], [20] Ben canh dd, phu nff cung tham gia vdo hau hd't cdc cdng vifc nhtf cay eude, ldm co, thu hoach, chu^n bi da't, dap lua, vdn chuyen va sil diing [28] Nghien cuii dtfdc thtfe hifn bdi Quy Qudc tf vd Phat trien Ndng nghidp (IFAD) cl mdt sd khu vtfc miln mii An Dp eho tha'y, phu nff dam nhiem edng vifc ndng nghiep nhieu hcfn nam gidi ttf 4,6 den 5,7 lan, va Nepal la tit 6,3 de'n 6,6 lan [24] Lfl lut va ban ban khong ehi Iam mat di ngudn sinh kf' ehij yeu cua hp md cdn lam tdng ganh nang eong vifc ddng dng Hp phai bo nhieu thdi gian va cdng sifc de chuan bi dat, Id'y ntfdc, itfdi ntfdc, bdo vf miia mang khoi sdu bfnh [3], [31] Mdt sd nghien citu cho thay, bait binh dang lan rdng va sau sae lam cho phu niT va tre em gdi bi anh htfdng nghif m trgng hdn vd chet nhidu hdn nam gidi bdi canh mat an ninh Itfdng thtfc tdc dgng cua BDKH [31], [34] 3.1.2 Khan hiim ngudn nudc vd ndng lugng Udc tinh vao nam 2050, the gidi se cin nhieu hdn 30% ntfdc va 50% ndng Itfdng [31] H|iu qua eua tang tan suat lu lut va han hdn la vifc khd tiep cdn vdi ngudn ntfde va nang Itfdng, ddc bift Id nhdm dd bi tdn thtfdng, bao gdm phu ni? [34], Trong hau hd't cde quo'c gia kdm vd dang phdt trien, gdnh ndng cua vifc thu thap ntfdc eho giat giQ, n^u dn, ud'ng, vf sinh, ttfdi tieu vd thu thap nhien lifu cho nang Itfdng hd gia dinh (HGD) deu de nang Ifn vai cila ngtfdi phu ni? va tre em, dac bift la tre em gdi [22], [26] Ngtfdi ta tfdc tinh rang, phu nif va tr^ em gdi d cdc ntfdc kem vd dang phat tridn ddnh trung binh 40 ti gid moi nam cho vifc tim kiem vd chuyf n chd ntfdc vdi khdi Itfdng 40kg ntfdc moi ngdy trfn diu hoac hdng tren quang dtfdng 10 ddn 15 km mdi [31] Nghien ctfu d khu vtfc ndng thdn can Sahara d chau Phi, vd An Dp eho tha'y, phu nff danh tff - 7h dd thu thap nhifn lieu cui vdi khdi Itfdng 20kg trung binh 5km mSi [31] Trong thdi gian khilng hoang ntfdc va ndng Itfdng dnh htfdng cila BDKH, trach nhiem la ctfc nhoc nhat tdng khdi Itfdng vd thdi gian thu th|p ntfdc/nang Itfdng ho phai di bf mot khoang each xa hda de tim kiem Nong nghiep va san xuat Itfdng thtfc dtfcfc ghi Tap chi Y t^ Cdng c6ng, 9.2013, Sd 29 (29) ITi'NBeUAN&NGKIlNCirtlj ntfdc/ndng Itfdng [ 12], [28] Nam gidi thtfdng khdng lam nhifng nhifm vu ndy, hoac chi ldm cd phtfdng tif n giao thong thuan Idi - cai ma khdng san ed thdi gian cd nhffng hifn ttfcfng lifn quan ddn BDKH xay [26] Ngodi ra, ngudn ntfde va ndng Itfdng trd nfn khan hidm bd'i canh BDKH, nhCfng tre em gai dtfdc kl vgng se trd giiip edc ba me cdng vide thu thdp vd van ehuyen chiing cung nhtf eac cdng vifc khdc nha Do dd, cdc em se khdng dtfde ddn trtfdng va dtfdc htfdng ndn gido due ddng cd [35], 3.1.3 Da dgng sinh hgc vd cdc h$ sinh thdi Theo ddnh gia bf sinh thdi thidn nhien ki, BDKH c6 the se trd ddng Itfc ehu dao eho stf mat mat cua cdc he sinh thai vd da dang sinh bgc vdo cudi the ki [ 17] Dieu ndy anh htfdng nhidu nhat den ngtfdi ngheo, phu nff - nhffng ngtfdi phu thuge nhieu nhat vao cac tai nguydn thif n nhidn dd [4] Trong do, hifn ttfdng can kift san Itfdng ca cdc tdc ddng eila BDKH la cd tdc dgng n^ng ne nhl^I O Okavango Delia, Botswana, ddi vdi phu nff, cdu cd Id mot boat dgng sinh boat thtfdng ngay, dtfdc thtfc hidn cho tidu dflng HGD Do anh htfdng cua BDKH phu nff chi eau ed dtfdc kbi ntfdc song/lu lui xud'ng thap bdi vi hg khdng thd tham gia vdo nhffng lau vd lidp can vdi ngudn cd d dtfdi sdu, ndi cd nhffng loai cd cd gid tri thtfdng mai [26] O VN va mgt so' ntfdc khac d Ddng Nam A, suy giam ngudn tai nguyen thuy hai san ed lac dpng nghiem trpng nhat ddi vdi nhffng HGD ngheo, dac biet la phu nff cdc vai trd hau bet cdc cong viec nhtf bdn cd, lutf trff, ehd bidn va tidp thi san pham tffcd[33] 3.1.4 Cdc dieu kien thdi tiet ci/c doan Nghien eiJu the hifn rang tinh thtfdng xuyen va ctfdng dp ciia nhffng hien ttfdng etfe doan lang nhanh bd'i canh BDKH [31] Dieu dtfpc bieu hifn irong ihdi gian gan day nhtf: 344 trieu ngtfdi ehiu bao nhiel ddi, 521 trieu ngtfdi chiu lu lut, 130 trifu ngtfdi ehiu ban hdn, 2,3 trieu ngtfdi chiu sat Id dai [4] Trong dd, phu nff dtfde cho la ed it ngudn lu'c de ddi mat vdi nhffng khd khan nhffng dieu kien thdi liet ctfc doan; nhai la nhu'ng phu nff cd hoan canh ddc bift [25] Phan tich tham hpa 141 ntfdc cho thd'y, nhffng xa hdi tdn l^i BBDG, phu nff thtfdng bi tiJ vong nhieu hdn vd d dp tudi sdm hdn nam gidi [35], [13], Thd'ng kd dtfdc ring sd'phu nff va Ire em lu'vong bdi cdc tham hpa thidn nhifn cao hdn 141ansovdinamgidi[31] Tap chi Y td Cong cgng, 9.2013, Sd 29 (29) Nam 1991, edn lo'c xody vd bao d Bangladesh da lam hdn 140.000 ngtfdi tu' vong, dd 90% nan nhan Id phu nff, li Id iff vong d phu nff dd tudi 20 44 cao gap lln so vdi nam gidi cijng luoi [20], [25], Mac du vay, nam gidi cijng cd the cam thd'y dp lu'c vdi nhffng hdnh ddng "anh hffng", dat ho vao rui ro cao bdn phu nff cde tham hga thidn nhifn Vi du, sau cdn bao tan cdng vdo Irung lam My thang 10 nam 2000, ti le nam gidi bi ehf t nhffng hanh vi nguy cd eao bdn phu nff [31] 3.1.5 Siic khoe ngudi BDKH cd the anh htfdng ddo sffc khde eiia ngtfdi mdt cdch trtfc lidp hoac gidn tidp qua sir ihay ddi vec-ld truyen bfnh, ngudn bfnh truyen qua ntfdc, chat Itfdng ntfdc, chat Itfdng khdng va tinh san cd ciia thtfc pham [36] Theo nghien cdu, BDKH se tdng them ganh nang ga'p lan len sde khde cua ngtfdi phu nff sinh li, vai tro cham sde gia dinh va cde eong viee khdc stf suy giam eua eac dieu kien mdi trtfdng [30] Bdo edo ddnh gia lln thtf ttf cua IPCC nhan manh rang, tre em vd phu nff, ddc biet Id phu nff mang thai ddc bift dl bi tdn thtfdng bdi cdc bfnh truyen qua vec-td va truyen qua ntfdc, vi du, benh sdt rf t la nguyf n nhan cua Vi d If tii'vong me [8], [20] Ben canh dd, phu nff cung gap phai nhffng van de sffc khoe lien quan den ve sinh Nghidn cdu d Vift Nam cho thay, li Id phu nff bi anh htfdng bdi cdc loai bfnh phu khoa tdng ttf ddn 4% ehi nam d nhffng khu vtfc bi anh htfdng bdi BDKH [33] Ngoai phu nff vd tre em cQng chidm ti If ldn nhffng ngtfdi bi suy dinh dtfdng (SDD) tren loan the gidi bdi nhffng chuan mtfc van hda xa hpi dd'i vdi ngtfdi dtfdc ddnh tfu tien Irong HGD, dac biet thdi gian khan hiem Itfdng thtfc ldc dpng eua BDKH [36] Hdn nffa, nbOTng ngtfdi Irong HGD bi dm, phu nff se thdm ganh nang bdi trach nhidm cham sdc ma hp phai dam nhifm, ddc bidt thdi gian cd thien tai [10] Cflng vdi cdc cdng vifc nhtf thu thdp cui va ntfdc lam eho phu nff dl bi kif t sffc vd mac cdc bfnh hfn quan ddn xtfdng song vd nhffng bid'n chffng thdi ki mang thai vd ti Id chet me [10] 3.1.6 Dicu Trong mdt bdo edo nam 2008, Td chffc Qudc te cho cdc qudc gia di ctf dtf bdo rang vdi stf ndng Ifn 4''C, se cd 200 trifu ngtfdi phai di ctf Anh htfdng eua BDKH ldn stf dich chuyen dan sd cd ldc dpng nghidm trpng va khong can xtfng len nhffng nhdm ngtfdi ngheo vd de bi tdn thtfdng, dac biet la phu nff I TdNB QUAN & NGHIEN ciru I [12] Dd ddi phd vdi stf thay ddi ihdi tiet dai ban, thtfdng chi cd nam gidi di ctf de lim sinh kd thay thd", phu nff d lai vdi trdch nhiem quan li gia dinh Stf vang mdt cua cdc vidn nam gia dinh lam tdng gdnh ndng cila phu nff irong lao dpng ndng nghiep, bat buge bg dam dtfdng nhidu cdng vide hdn, kd ca nhffng cdng vifc trtfdc day la cua nam gidi [15] Trong mpl vdi trtfdng hpp, nam gidi di ctf cd the cd tdc dpng trao quyen lang stf dieu hanh cua phu nff HGD Nhtfng phu nff ldm chu ho thtfdng khong dtfde cong nhan bdi cdc lo cbtfc cdng ddng chinh thffc, hg khdng dtfdc lidp c$n cdng bang vdi ngudn tdi chinh, cdng nghf vd xa hdi [27] Trong trtfdng hpp ca nam gidi va phu nff di ctf, phu nff thtfdng cd thu nhap thap hdn, edhpi liep can vdi eae dich vu ed ban ibSp hdn, li If iff vong cao hdn va hay gdp phai nhffng vd'n dd lidn quan ddn bao Itfc linb due [33] phii, lo chffc phi chinh phii hode khu vtfc itf nhan dd rfng phd vdi BDKH [31] Ndi chung, d cdc ntfdc kdm va dang phdt trien, phu nff ngheo sdng tai ca khu vtfc thdnh thi vd nong thon deu cd it quydn quyd't dinh cdc cdng viee cua gia dinh Vift Nam, nghien cdli cho thS^y phu nff cd xu htfdng chi tham dtf cdc cudc hgp chung vd BDKH lai cfng ddng nam gidi banfao^cvang mat [3] O cd'p dia phtfdng, nam gidi cung giff vai tro tdnh dao hiu bet cac boat dgng quan 1! rui ro thidn tai, phin ldn Id md rgng tff cdc boat dgng thtfdng ciia hg Phu nff it cd cd hdi tham gia, cung nhtf it dtfpc tao nhieu cd bpi de noi cdc;^ kidn cuahp [33] OcS^p khu vtfc vd qudc td, phu nff cung it dtfdc gdp mat cac cupc ddm phdn vd thao ludn ve BDKH Tai UNFCC COP 16 ndm 2010, phu nff chi chiem 30% cija tat ca cdc phdi doan va chi cd 12 - 15% ngtfdi dffng dau cac doan dai bieu la phu nff [32] 3.1.7 Xung dgt vd bao luc BDKH lam tang kha ndng rui ro cua tinh trang bao Itfc khong chi ntfdc ma edn giffa cac ntfdc [31] Ngudn xung dot liem nang bao gdm ntfdc, thtfc phim va nhien lifu, da't aong nghifp, nha d, va xung ddt vd ctfu ird va vifn ird sau nhffng iham boa thien nhien, chdm sdc sffc khde vd di ctf [30] Nhffng xung dot lien quan ddn BDKH anh htfdng den phu nff trtfdc va nhieu hdn nam gidi, ke ea d irong gia dinh vd cpng ddng [7] Trong mdl so'trtfdng hdp, cd nhffng xung dgt ve cac ngudn tai nguyfn, nam gidi dtfdc ki vpng se chien da'u, phu nff cd vai trd tri gia dinh stf vang mat cua hp [10] Tff dd dan ddn mdt sd phu nff bi m^t chdng, lam tdng gdnh n^ng cda hp mpi cong vife [23] BDKH va nhffng tdc ddng cua nd len an ninh thu nhdp HGD lam ldng kha nang cua bao Itfe gia dinh, nhat la dd'i vdi phu nff, bdi nam gidi thtfdng mang ndi tha't vgng cua hp trdt Ifn phu nff [9], [16], Nghifn cffu cho thd'y, 95% phu nff va cdc cd gdi dtfpc kh3o sdt cho bie't 77% bao life gia dinh gdy bdi cde vien nam [24] Stf vang mat eiia phu nff viec quyf't dinh lam lang tinh de bi tdn thtfdng ciia hg vdi BDKH, vi nhu cau va mdi quan tdm ciia hg khong dtfdc gidi quydt dly du Vi vay, quyen phu nff tham gia qud trinh quydt dinh d cdc cd'p khdc phai dtfde ddm bao nhffng ehinh sdch va chtfdng trinh lien quan df'n BDKH 3.2 Long ghep gidi vdo cdc hdnh dgng, chinh sdch BDKH 3.2.1 Binh ddng gidi vi^c quyet dinh lien quan din BDKH Cung nhtf cdc tdc dgng irtfc tiep cua BDKH trfn ddi sdng ngtfdi va quan he gidi tinh, mdt van dd cung can phai xem xet la ket qud cua cdc tac ddng Iff cde chinh sdch, chtfdng trinh hdnh ddng cua chinh • 3.2.2 Nhin nhdn vai.trd cHaphii nUtrong thich ling vd gidm ihiiu BDKH Thich iftig: Nhfftig kidn thffc vd kinh nghif m sau rgng eiia phu nff qudn II tdi nguyfn (ntfdc, rffng, da dang sinh hoc, 3^t trdng) da trang bi cho hp nhffng kl nang dpc ddo, ed Idi cho nhffng hoat dpng thich ffng d td't cd edc cap [15] Chidn Itfpc Qudc te vd Gidm thieu Thifn tai ciia Lifn Hdp Qudc (LHQ) da ghi nhdn rang phu nff va tre em gdi la nhffng ngtfdi diu tien chuan bi cho gia dinh trtfdc nguy cd xay thif n tai va cung la ngtfdi diu tif n dtfa cudc sdng ciia cgng ddng trd lai dn dinh sau thidn tai [5] Vi du, phy nff ndng thon Itfu vtfc sdng Hang d Bangladesh, An Dg vd Nepal md td cdc chidn Itfdc thich ffng khdc nhtf: thay ddi canh ldc lu lui va cdc cay trdng chiu ban, hoac loai cay trdng cd the thu hoach trtfdc mua mtfa lfl, hoac gidng lua tang trtfdng dii cao de cd the mgc len trdn mdt ntfdc trtfdc lu den [21] Tai VN, phu nff cd nhffng the manh rifng viec quan sdt ttf nhifn dd dodn dinh thdi tidi - hp la nhffng ngtfdi ldm nhffng cdng vifc gia dinh nhtf tich trff Itfdng ihtfc, ntfdc ud'ng, tham gia thu hoach nong san sdm, gdi ghdm dd dac, tim ndi c^t giff tai san, len kd hoach Tap chi Y td Cdng cdng, 9.2013, Sd 29 (29) ITfiNGMUI&NBHIENCirul sd tao cin thidt de giam nhe nii ro ibi^n lai muamtfabaoden[5].Ngodira, stf hieu biet ve dac linh sinh hgc cua cdc loai cii/qud dai/rau rffng vd cdn trflng, phu nff cd thd giup gia dinh khdng bi ddt bffa chi bang mot md cij/qud bay rau rffng [2] Giam thidu: Gidm thieu BDKH, phu nff dffa nhidu phtfdng phdp loan difn hdn nam gidi, phu nff cd xu htfdng nhan manh bdn ve Ihay ddi phong each sdng vd hdnh vi dd gidm thieu stf phat thdi GHGs [ 19] Bling chdng cho ihay d cdc ntfde phdl trien phu nff sff dung it hdn nam gidi phtfdng tif n giao thdng phat thdi nhieu C02 Ben canh dd, ti If phu nff cdng nhan BDKH la mpt van de nghif m irpng cao hdn so vdi nam gidi [30] Theo Td chffc Hdp tdc va Phdt irien Kinh id (OECD), d dp tuoi 15, ire em gdi thtfdng c6 mo'i quan tam cao bdn tdi moi trtfdng vd cd ^ thtfc hdn vd trdeh nhifm cho phdt trien bdn vffng hdn cdc tre trai cflng Iffa tuoi [19], Ben canh dd, hau bet cdc xa hdi, phu nff c6 trdch nhidm ldn hdn vifc phat thai GHGs tff cac nhien lieu sinh khdi dtfdc sff dung HGD Vi vdy, hp cd vai trd quan trpng nhffng bif n phdp cai thif n giam nhe phdt thai CO2 iff ede loai nhien lieu ndy nhtf: Thtfe bdnh hieu qud ndng Itfdng HGD vd cdng nghif p cgng ddng, khdi phuc lai nang Itfdng, trdng cay gay rffng va lai Irdng rffng, giam Itfdng chdt thai vd tdi chd lai cha't thai [10] Mac dff cd nhieu bSng chffng hifn c6 the hifn vai ird ciia phu nff thich rfng va gidm nhe BDKH, vai tro vdn bi danh gia thap va ehtfa dtfdc nhdn ihrfc dly du bdi cde chuydn gia, cdc nha lap sdch BDKH [15], [36] Cin nh?nra rang, phu nff Id cung mft nhffng ben hen quan cac boat dfng rfng phd vdi BDKH Ung phd vdi BDKH, cd the hifu qud hdn ndu kha nang va sffc manh cua phu nff vd nam gidi dtfde ke't hdp [24] 3.2.3 Tdm quan cua long ghep gidi vao cdc chinh sdch bien ddi hdu Cang ngdy ngtfdi ta cang edng nhan BDKH Id mpl cupc idi ling hodng toan clu, nhtfng cho ddn nbiTng hdnh dpng de dap ira lai vdn cdn qua chu trpng df'n cac gidi phdp kinh td va khoa bpc ki thudt, md chtfa cd edc giai phdp ve mat ngtfdi [31] BDG Id thidt ydu cho stf ibanh cdng ciia vifc chi dao, thtfc hifn vd ddnh gid cdc chinh sach BDKH Nhffng sdng kidn thich ffng va giam nhe ma khong dtfa quan didm gidi vao khdng ehi ldm cho cdc ehinh sdch vd hdnh dpng dd khdng dtfdc hifu qud ma edn Tap chi Y te Cdng cOng, 9.2013, Sd 29 (29) khdng giai quyf't dtfdc cac nhu clu cua mot nffa dan sd cd thd tdi tao vd keo dai nhi^g BBDG hien cd [32] Vi vdy, ldng ghep gidi phai dtfdc coi Id mdl phin quan trgng cac ehinh sdch BDKH ciia nhffng chtfdng trinh hanh dpng qud'c gia va qud'c tf de dai dtfpc thdnh cdng va stf ben vffng [25], Cd ra't nhieu nhffng cudc dam phdn, tidn irinh ddi thoai ehinh sdch diln tren the gidi thffa nhan stf eln Ihid't vd tam quan trgng ciia ldng ghep gidi va nhffng vdn dl lien quan ddn tinh de bi lon thtfdng, thich ffng va giam thidu BDKH [4] Song UNFCCC va Nghi dinh thtf Kyoto, lai khdng ihffa nhdn cde khia canh gidi cua BDKH va bd sdt ede vln dd BDG cung nhtf stf tham gia ciia phu nff Bdn canh dd, phin ldn cdc chuydn gia hdu chtfa ddng 5^ vdi quan diem rang long ghdp gidi vao cde ehinh sach BDKH se lam cho cdc chtnb sdch hifu qud hdn [32] Do vgiy, can cung cap thf m nhffng bang chffng (dinh tinh va dinh Itfdng) ve nh?y cam gidi BDKH Kdt luSn va khuydn nghj Dtfdi cdc tdc ddng cua BDKH, phu nff ddc bift dl bi tdn thtfdng bdn so vdi nam gidi vi can true xa hpi qui dinh vd gidi: vai trd san xual cdc loai hinh lao dpng, kha nang udp can va kiem sodl eac ngudn Ihong tin vd ngudn Itfc, vai trd gia dinh Bdn canh dd, lieng ndi ciia phu nff thtfdng khdng dtfde chu j^, ho cd xu htfdng thieu dai difn, vd nhidu trtfdng hdp hi loai trff cac qua trinh quyet dinh, ehinh sdch BDKH, iff ca'p dia phtfdng ddn ca'p df qudc le Nhtfng, vdi nhffng kien thffc va kinh nghiem cua minh, phu nff cd vai iro vd dong gdp ddc biet quan trpng rfng phd vdi BDKH Long gh^p gidi vao cdc chinh sach se lam lang cao hieu qud eiia nhffng no Itfc Ihicbffngva gidm thieu d td't ca cdc cap; ddng thdi cting Id cd hpi cho vifc dat dtfdc BDG Mpt sd khuydn nghi dtfdi day dtfdc dtfa nhdm dat nhffng didu kif n giup cho cdng lac ffng phd vdi BDKH dtfdc hieu qud vd cung Id cdc cd hdi cho vifc dat dtfdc BDG Cdc nhd ldp sach d lai ea cac cap cin ddm bdo gidi la mdt van de dan xen td't cd cdc ke" hoach va chtfdng trinh ed lien quan ddn BDKH Ben canh dd, can lang etfdng stf quan tam ddn tinh trang thidu dai difn mpt cdch hf thdng ciia phu nff cac cd cdu chinh sach BDKH ITd'NGaUfiN&NGHI'ENCUUI Cdc nba lai trd, td chffc phi chinh phu, cac nha nghifn etfu cdn lang etfdng nghifn cffu vd mdi h f n hf gidi - BDKH phan bd du ngudn Itfc d e thu thap dff lifu dinh tinh va dinh Iffdng rd rang va hd trd phdt trien edc bd chi sd nhay cdm gidi rd rdng vifc gidm sat vd ddnh gid cdc ehinh sach ffng phd vdi BDKH Ndng cao n h | n thffc cd vd BDKH va B D G : Hd trd d a o lao nh$n thtfc loan dien ve gidi vd BDKH cho cac nha ehuyf n mdn va hoach dinh chinh sdch vd mdi trtfdng va BDKH, lat ed cdc viSn H G D lai td't ca cdc dia phtfdng L d n g ghdp cde vdfn de B D K H vd B D G vdo gido trinh bpc d cdc trtfdng p h d thong, trtfdng dai hpc TJti li^u tham khao Amelia H.X Gob, (2012), A Literamre Review of Ihe Gender - Differentiated Impacts of Climate Change on Women's and Men's Assests and Well - Being in Development Coimtries, University of Maryland, CAPRi Working, Washington, Paper No 106 Tiehg Vl$t Mai Thanh Sdo, Lc Dinh Phiing, Le Dffc Thinh (2011), Bi^^n &6i hSu: Tic dpng, n§ng iing ph6 vd mot so vS'n d^ v^ chinh sdch (Nghien citu mrdng hdp dong bdo cac dan t$c thi^u s^ viing ndi phia Bac), san co t^i: htcp://wWW ngoccntre.org.vn/webfm_scnd/2954, truy c$p 20/4/2013 Oxfam, T6 chiic Li6n hdp qudc tgi Vifit Nam (2009), Ong ph6 vdi BiS'n d^i hSu d Vi#t Nam: Cic cd h6i cai thien Binh ding gidi Td chffc Li6n h^p qudc tai Vi6t Nam (2012), Ban tdmliTdc gi^i '$ dinh hudng chinh s^ch: Binh d^ng gidi cong tdc giim nhe nlirothimhpavd tSng tnrdng kha nang thich iing vdi bi^n &Si hdu, san cd tai: http://www.undp.org.vn/dctail/publicaCions/publicaliondetai]s/7contenad=4364&laDgiiageld=4&priDt=ok, tmy c3p ngky 20/4/2013 UNDP (2007/ 2008), Bdo cSo phdt trien ngtfSi, ChS'n d^ng h$u: nguy cd v^ ton thtfdng mpt the gidi bl^t binh ding, san cd tai: http ://ww w undp org vo/dcta il/publication s/publicadondctaiIs/?contcn Qd=24 87&languageld=4&pnnt=Dk,tmy c$p ngdy 20/4/2013 Vi^n khoa hpc Khi ttfdng thiiy van v i M6i trtfdng, Dtf dn Ting etfdng ning Itfc iing phd vdi Bien ddi hau tai Vi^t Nam, giim nhf tic dpng va kiem sodt phat tiiai nhd kinh (2012), Cin h§ trd phu nQ, tr^ em gii ddi pbd thi£n tai SSn cd tai: http://www.cbcc.org.vn/hoat-dong-duan/can-bo-iro-phu-nu-tre-em-gai-llloi-pho-thienUi/?searcbterm=b%C3 %ACnh%20%C4%91 %E1 %BA%B 3ng%20gi%El%BB%9Bi, tray cap ngiy 20/4/2013 Tie'ng Anh Angula, M., (2010), Gender and Climate Change; Namibia Case Smdy, Heinnch B#ll Foundation Southern Africa, 123 Hope Street, Gardens 8001 Cape Town Babugura, A., (2010), Gender and Climate Change: South Africa Case Study, Heinrich B#ll Foundation Southern Africa, 123 Hope Street, Gardens 8001, Cape Town Bathge, S., (2010), Climate change and Gender: Economic Empowerment of Women through Climate Mitigation and Adaptation'' Available al: http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&iype=Document&id=427 5, accessed at: 21/4/2013 10 Brody, A., Demetriades, L, Esplen, E., (2008), Gender and Climate Change: Mapping the Linkages - A Scoping Study OD Knowledge and Gaps, Institute of Development Studies, UK 11 Carvajal, Y., Quintero, M., and Garcia, M., (2008), "Women's role in adapting to climate change and variability", Advances in Geosciences, 14, 277 - 280 12 Chindarkar, N., (2012), "Gender and climate changeinduced migration: proposing a framework for analysis", Environmental Research Letters, (2012) 025601 13 Dankelman, I., Basbar Ahmed, W., Alam, K., Diagne, Y., Fatema, N., Mensab - Kutin, R., Gender, Climate Change and Human Security, WEDO 14 Denton, F., (2002), "Climate Change Vulnerability Impacts, and Adaptation: Why does gender matter?', Gender and Development, Vol.10, No 2, July 2002,10 - 20 15 Djoudi, H., Brockaus, M., (2011), "Is adapution to climate change gender neutral? Lessons from communities Tap chi Y td Cdng c^ng, 9.2013, Sd 29 (29) ITfiNeeHAIf&HGHIlNDdNI dependent on livestock and forests in Northern Mali", International Forestry Review, VoL 13 (2), 123 -135 Developers, International Centre for Eoergy, Environment and Development 16 Dolores Bemabe, Ma., EstrcUa Pcnuoia, Ma., Geoder Links in Agriculture and Climate Change Available at: hnp://www.isiswomen.orgfindex.php?opUon=com_phocad owiiIoad&view=categoiy&id=16:2009-2-women-in-aweary-worId&download=246:gender-links-in-agricultureand-climate-change&Itemid=243, accessed at: 21/04^013 26 Oman, K., (2010), Gender and Climate change: Botswana Case Study, Heinrich B#U Foundation Sontheni Africa, 123 Hope Street, Gardens 8001, Cape Town 17 EIGE (2012), Review ofthe Implementation in the EU of area K of the Beijing PUitfonn for Action: Women and die Environment Gender Equality and Climate Change European Institute for Gender Equality, vilrigailos g I IM , LT-03228 Vilnius, Lithuania 18 Habtezion, Z., (2012), Gender and Adaptation UNDP One United Nations Plaza, New York USA 19 ILO (2008), Green jobs: Improving the climate for gender equality too! Available athttp ://w WW ilo org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ dgreports/@ ge ndec/documents/publicatioa/wcms_10I505.pdf 20 lUCN, Linkmg Gender and Climate Change Available al: http://pcw,gov.ph/sites/default/rdes/documents/ef!les/web masler/linking-gender-climate-cbange.pdf 21 Karat, K., Climate Change: Women m developing countries, the hardest hit Available at: http://www.karat.org/wp-content/upIoads/2012/02/Briefon-Gendcr-and-climate-change.pdf 22 Mainlay, J., and Fei Tan, S„ (2012), Mainstreaming gender and chmate change in Nepal, hitemational Instimte for Environment and Development, 80-86 Gray's Inn Road London WCIX SNH, UK 23 Nancy A (2010), "Gender and climate change-induced conflict in pastoral communities: Case smdy of Turkana in north - western Kenya", 81 - 102, African Joumal on Conflict Resolution, Volume 10 No.2,2010 24 NeUemann C , Verma, R-.and Hislop L (2011), Women at the fronthne of Climate Change: Gender risks and Hopes, United Nations Environment Programme, P.O Box 30552 - 00100 Nairobi, Kenya 25 Olawoye, J., Okoyc, O., Elcri, A., (2010), Gender and Chmate Change Toolkit For Policymakers and Programme 10 Tap chi Y te Cdng cpng, 9.2013, Sd 29 (29) 27 Oxfam GB (2009), Climate Change and Gender Justice, Schumacher O n t e r for Techoology and Development, Bounon on Dunsmore, Rugby, Warwickshire, CV23 9QZ, UK 28 Parikh, J., (2007), Gender and Climaie Change Framework for Analysis, Policy and Action Available at: bttp://www undp org/conteDt/dam/iodia/doc s/goder_cc pdf 29 Robinson, M (2012), The gender dimensions of food and nutrition security in (he context of climate change in Uganda, Trinity College, South Leinster Street, Dublin 2, Ireland 30 R#hr, U., Hemmati, M., Lambrou, Y (2008) Towards Gender Equality in Chmate Change Policy: Challenges and Perspectives for the Future, Section 3, Chap 21 31 Skinner, E., (2011), Gender and Climate Change Overview Report, the Instimte of Development Studies, UK 32 Thomas K Wanner (2009), "Climate Change Policies in Austraha: Gender Equality, Power and Knowledge", Worhi Academy of Science, Engineering and Technolog, Volume 30,2009 33 UN Viet Nam (2008), Gender and Climate Change m Viet Nam - A Desk Review 34 UN Women Watch (2009), Women, Gender Equality and Climate Change This fact sheet is available for download at bttp://w WW un org/women watch/feature/cliinate_change/ 35 Vincent, K., Cull, K., K Aggarwal, P., Krisijanson, C , P., Pharnyal P., Parvin, G., (2011), Gender, Chmate Change, Agriculmre, and Food Security - A CCAFS Training of Trainers Manual to prepare South Asian rural women to adapt to climate change 36 WHO (2005), Gender, Climate Change and Health Available at: http7/w WW who.int/globa Icha nge/publicaticm s/reports/gen der_cliinate_change/en/, accessed at: 21/4/2013 ... te, quoc gia va dia phtfdng [32] Phu nff la mgt nhSn to' quan trpng ca thich tfng va giam thieu BDKH [32] Long gh6p van de gidi la nhSn to quan trgng chinh sich BDKH; dtfdc cho Id giai ph^p de dat... phu nff I TdNB QUAN & NGHIEN ciru I [12] Dd ddi phd vdi stf thay ddi ihdi tiet dai ban, thtfdng chi cd nam gidi di ctf de lim sinh kd thay thd", phu nff d lai vdi trdch nhiem quan li gia dinh... cau va mdi quan tdm ciia hg khong dtfdc gidi quydt dly du Vi vay, quyen phu nff tham gia qud trinh quydt dinh d cdc cd'p khdc phai dtfde ddm bao nhffng ehinh sdch va chtfdng trinh lien quan df'n
Ngày đăng: 03/11/2022, 15:47
Xem thêm:
