Nguy cơ xâm hại tình dục đối với trẻ em qua mạng internet và các biện pháp phòng tránh

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Social Sci,, 2015 Vol, 60, No, pp, 160-168 This paper is available online at hup://sidb."hnue,edu DOI 10.18173/2354-1067.2015-00025 NGUY CO X A M HAI TINH DUC DOI VOl TRE E M QUA M A N G INTERNET VA C A C B I E N P H A P P H O N G T R A N H N g u y i n Le Hoai Anh Khaa Cong idr Xd hot TrUdng Dgi hgc Su phgm Hd Ndi Tom tat Inlernel da va dang lam thdy doi the gicli, mang lai nhflng ldi ich ihill ihUc Iren moi phUdng dien cho tte cm nhUng dong thbi chfla dtfng nhieu hiem hpa kho lilctng mot nhflng nguy cd phai kc den la xam hai tinh due tee em - mot van de it dtfdc quan tam, de cap b Viet Nam hien Nhflng riii ro co the xiiy den Ire em sfl dung c5c dich vu chat, webcam, mang xa hgi chdi game ma ban than cac em va gia dinh cung kh6ng hay biet Do vay cac nha giao due nhan vien CTXH can nhan thflc ro ve nhflng thu doan ctia nhflng ke XHTD doi vdi ire em qua mang internet de htfdng dan tre nhflng bien phap sfl dung internet an toan, hieu qua: dong thbi giao due cho gia dmh kip ihdl nhan biet nhflng diu hieu nguy cd va each thflc dg" can thi§p trd giiip cho eac cm Tit khda: Xam hai tinh due tre em, internet, du tam than, phong tranh Mb dSu Nhtf chiing ta da bill, hifin internet la mbt phtfdng tien truyin thbng phat men nhanh va manh me mac du dbi raudn nhflng internet da cb nhflng bflbc phat trie'n nhtf vu bdo xda nhda bien gibi qubc gia dfla ngtfbi xich lai gan hdn Tre em va thifiu nifin la the he Ibn len mdi xd hpi teong dd viec sfl dung cdng nghe la dieu can ihiel dfi' hdi nhdp xa hpi hieu qua Kha nang liep can inlernet da cung cap cho Ire em va ihieu men cd cd hdi vfi giao due, giai In' va ti'uyen thflng Tuy nhifin, raternet cung chfla dflng nhflng rCu ro dac biet dfli vdi tee era Nan bit nat, bdi xdu lang raa qudy rfli va lfla dao teen raang da gay anh htfbng nang ne den tara li tinh cara cfla tre em, anh htfbng din viec hpc tap ciia cac em Trong nhieu trtfbng hdp cac em cdn bi dat trfldc nguy cd hi xam hai tinh due Dilu da thtfc stf teb mbi lo ngai Ibn ddt hien ciia nhflng ngflbi sfl dung internet, dac biet la tre era va cac bac phu huynh Internet cung cap cho ngtfbi Ibn cd hfli khai thac ldi ich tinh due & tre em va thieu nien vbi nhflng cd hdi chao mbi, khai thac, quay roi, xdm hai hinh anh va tham gia vao hoat ddng tinh due xam hai Internet cd the" lao thuan ldi cho cac hoat dflng bpng each cung cap phtfdng tien ddn gian va nhanh chdng vbi cac thbng tin lien lac cho phep ca nhan dUdc diu ten, tao sai lech thbng tin ban dang hoac dfi' xuyfin tac, Neu nhfl tetfbc thu phara thfldng phai tiep can trtfc tilp vbi tre dl' ihtfc hien hanh vi xdra hai cua rainh ihi khdng cin tiep cdn IrUc liep, du b bit ki ndi ddu chi cdn rapt chile may vi tinh cb ket nbi mang internet thi nhflng ke tdi pham da cb Ihc' thtfc hien dtfdc hanh vi den tbi cua rainh mdt each dl dang So vdi nhflng hinh thflc xam hai Ngiy nhan bai 15/7/2014, Ngay nhan dang 15/1/2015, Lien he NguySn Lc Hoin Anh e-mail hoaianh023 l9E4@yahoc Nguy t ll nmi bai linh tliic ddi vdt Ire em qua mang inlernel xd idc hien phdp plwng Iranh tinh due trtfc tiep nhtf Irtfdc day Iinh chll cua xam hai linh due qua internet cd mdt sb stf khac biet dang ke Tuy nhifin mflc dp dnh hubng va hau qua de lai cho nan nhdn ciing nghiem trpng khong kem Cd quan Tfli pham qudc gia Anh (NCA) khang dinh nan xam hai tinh due tre em b cac nubc dang phat irien la mdi moi de dpa Ibn Theo db cai ngheo sU san cd cua internet tbc dp cao va stf ton tai ciia ltfdng khach hang giau cd tai nUbc ngoai da giup cac bdng dang tfli pham tin cdng tee era dfi'kilm ldi [21, Theo bao cao rabi nhit cua To chflc Quan sat internet Qudc tl sd Itfdng cac teang web "benh hoan" cd lien quan din van de xam hai tinh due ire em da gia lang gap bbn lan chi teong vdng ba nam trb lai day Bao cao cho bill cb din 29% cdc Irang web cb de cap den le nan tre em bi ham hiep hinh anh tinh due ire em tren inlernet da gia tang 34% so vbi cimg ki nara ngoai, Trong dd, 10.656 teang cua 3.077 websile cd ndi dung lifin quan den xdm hai linh due tee em va dang chu y la den 60% cua nhflng website cb rao ban nhflng hinh anh tre em bi ham hilp Day cung la lan ddu tifin bao cdo tifit lb rang cd din 9/10 nan nhan xudt hifin nhflng hinh anh ddi bai la dtfdi 12 tudi va 80% la nfl Theo dng Peter Robbins - Gidm ddc dilu hanh cua Quan sat internet Qudc lc "That dang bubn chung tfli phai bao cao ve chieu htfdng gia tang dang lo ngai cua nhflng hinh anh kinh hoang cb lien quan din \ In de xam hai linh due tre cm ma chung ldi da xem xet va thdng ke" [6] Nghien cflu ve nhflng riii ro ddi vbi tre em ndi chung, xam hai tinh due doi vbi tre em nbi rieng qua mang inlernel da dUdc quan tara trfin thl gidi, cd thfi' difi'ra qua rapt so cbng trinh nhU "Bflc tranh chung vl lara dung: Danh gia nguy cd vl bufln ban va lara dung tinh due tre em nam 2012" [1, 2] "Bbc lot tinh due tee em va Ihanh thilu nien qua internet: Nghien cflu long quan nhanh" [3]: "Tong quan vl nhflng nhbm dbi ttfdng Ihanh nien de bi ton thtfdng Ifl du dd lam than qua mang Gay hdn va hanh vi bao ltfc" [7] Cdc bao cao nghien cflu da chi nhflng mdi de doa, nguy cd teem an cung nhtf thtfc teang tinh hinh tee em bi lam dung tinh due bi budn bdn va nhu clu can Ihiep, trd giup Tai Viet Nam, nhflng nghien cflu vl lam dung tinh due tre em da dtfdc tap teung tim hifi'u ddng ihdi da cd nhflng boat ddng chtfdng trinh can thiep te'ch ctfc nhien vdn de lam dung linh due qua internet vln cdn hd ngd chtfa dtfdc quan tam nghien cflu du tren Ihtfc tc nguy cd da xual hifin Do vay, la nhflng ngtfdi lam teong linh vtfc giao due va cbng tac xa hbi, chiing la can phai cd nhdn thflc dung dan va cd cac bien phap cu the de' bao ve tre em khbi nguy cd xam hai linh due qua inlernet ndi nfing va nhflng anh htfbng tieu ctfc cua internet ndi chung Do chinh la nbi dung dl cap den bai vill nay, Noi dung nghien cihi 2.1 Tinh hinh sur dung internet d Viet Nam Ngay 19/11/1997 la diu lien Vifit Nara hda vao raang inlernel loan clu, mb diu cho giai doan phdt teien manh rae cua internet tai Viet Nam Tinh Ibi hit Quy 111/2012 inlernet Viet Named 31.196.878 ngtfbi sfl dung, chilm ti le 35.49% dan sb Viet Nam dflng thfl 18/20 qubc gia cd so ngflbi diing internet Idn nhat thl gidi dflng thfl khu vUc Chau A va dflng \ i tri thfl d khu vUc Dbng Nam A lASEAN) So vbi nam 2000 so Itfdng ngUdi dung internet Viet Nam da tdng khoang hdn 15 lan [6] Theo khao sat cfla WeAreSocial (thang 10-2012) ve tinh hinh phat trien internet, Iruyin thdng xa hpi, kl thual so va dien Ihoai di ddng b chau A tb chflc da danh gia Viet Nam la "thi teUbng thu vi nhat chau A", Mang xa hoi, thill bi ki thuat sd va dien thoai di dflng cua Viel Nam dang phat teie'n vbi toe dp dang kinh ngac Kit qua khao sat cho ihly 73% ngUbi diing dubi Nguyen Le Hoai Anh 35 lufli, 66% "cfl dan mang" truy cdp web hing va hp danh Irung binh 29 gib vao mang mbi thang: 86% ngflbi dung internet Viet Nam tflng ghe tham cac trang mang xa hdi; 8.5 teieu ngtfdi dung Facebook va day la mang xa hpi biln nhat Viet Nara thang 10; 28% ctf dan mang cb tai khoan Facebook: Viet Nara cung Id qudc gia cb tdc dp tang trtfbng vien nhanh nhat Iren Facebook la 146% thang Da so vien dtfbi 34 tud'i va ltfdng vien nam cao hdn nfl Vdi thl he internet tee tud'i, nhflng nai ro tefin internet raa cac em phai doi mat nhtf sau [4]: - Npi dung (Content): nhflng gi tee i h l y Tre gap phdi nhflng hinh anh raang te'nh chll khieu dam, cb hai ddi vbi tre din din hau qua rdi loan the' chit, phdt tnfi'n, hoac hanh ddng tfl lam hai minh - Lien he (Contact): cb nhflng ngtfbi Ibn xa la hfin he vdi tre - Hanh vi/hanh xfl (Conduct): Tre em cb nhflng hanh vi nguy cd lilp xiic khdng cb duih hubng tren inlernet: Nghien game, bao ltfc, gay hin quan he linh due sbm, khong an toan 2.2 Tong quan chung ve xam hai tmh due tre em qua internet Xdm hai tinh due qua mang la nhflng tinh hudng ma b db viec xdra hai dtfdc thtfc hien hodc dinh htfdng thdng qua viec sfl dung internet hoac viec chia se file dfl lieu va cac ki thuat iruyin thbng di dbng [3] Nhiing ke xam hai tuih due tren mang la ai? Chung la nhflng ke xam hai linh due tren mang thfldng la doi vbi tee em, vi nifin Tai da sb cac qubc gia nhflng ke cd tien an vl tbi deu phai dang ki ndi ctf tru ke xam hai tinh due tren mang cd the' nguy hiem hdn vi khong dfi Id mat Nhflng ke xdra hai tinh due tee em (XHTDTE) qua mang internet da dang vl ngudn gdc xult than, nen vdn hba qudc gia va tang Ibp xd hbi Nghien cflu ve cac md hinh ke XHTDTE qua internet cho ihly rang chung thtfbng sfl dung thu doan gian trd, lfla ddi va bao ltfc dfi' thu hut va cubi cung la tin cbng nan nhan trflc luyin Kel qua nghien cflu dtfdc liln hanh bbi cac cd quan thtfc thi phap lual vl nhflng ke bi buflc lpi va bi ket an ve hanh vi XHTD ddi vdi ire era cho thiy nhdra doi ttfdng bao gbm nhflng ngtfdi b cac vi tri cd quyen ltfc doi vdi tee em {chang han nhu nhan vien xa hpi giao vifin giao si hoac quan nhan), Dai da sd trfldng hdp (94% din 99%) lien quan din ngtfbi pham tdi la nam; cd dfl tufl'i tfl 30 din 40 tudi (53%); mdi s6 ngfldi cd trinh dai hoc (58%) va ll cb ke tiln an lien su (79%) [3] Doi ttfdng tre em de bl ton Ihtfdng, co nguy cd tr6 nan n h a n XHTD tren mang Nhflng doi tfldng Ire em cd nguy cd Irb nan nhan XHTD trfin mang internet gdra cd: tre em gai; tee van ban khoan, dat cau hdi vl xu hflbng linh due ciia rainh; ire dd luoi vi men, thilu nien (13-19 tuoi); tee khuylt tal (the chat, tam thin); tre tU thay minb thap kem, cam thiy kem IU tin ve ban thdn; tre cb vln dl ve sflc khde ldra than thilu stf quan tam cham sbc cua gia dinh; cd vln de tam li; trim cam; tre htfbng ndi sdng ndi tdm tre da tflng bi xdm hai hoac chflng kien sU xdra hai cua vien gia dinh [3, 5] Cac hinh thiic xam hai tinh due tre em tren mang internet Tre em va Ihanh thifiu men cd the' bi xam hai qua inlernel bang nhieu each khac Moi loai hinh xam hai teUc tuyin bao gdm tetfc tiep hoac gian tilp, quan he linh due gifla ke bao hanh va tre em hodc thieu men [3], Nguy t a xtini hai linh diir ddi vdi Iri em ejiici tmmg inlernel vd car bien phdp phdng irdiih Du Iam than (grooming) Qua trinh dd mpt ngtfbi chuan bi san cho mflt dfla tre, nhflng ngtfbi cb vai teo quan khac va mbi trtfbng de xam hai Ire db ve sau Trong nhflng muc tieu cu the', ke Ipi pham lim each tiep can tee, khiln cho tre tuan thu va budc chflng gifl bi mat, khong ke lai vbi Du dd lam than cd nhilu dang ihflc khac nhau, cb the' xay mflt lan hoac nhieu lln teong dd ke pham tdi cd the ndi chuyen vbi tre ve tinh due khuyen khich Ire ndi chuyen ve van de dd hoac md webcam va cd hanh ddng nao dd mang tinh chat tinh due Du lam than qua mang Du dd lam ihdn qua mang la mot qua trinh thao tiing nhflng suy nghi cua tee Thflng ten cua tre dtfa trfin mang cd the' rui ngan qua trinh du dd lam than Toi pham cb the nham tim tre b cac khu vUc cdng cflng rdi du dfl Ire em chai neng itf de' tfl xay dtfng radi quan he tinh ban tren cd sd chat vdi nhau, mdi quan iam chung va dung thbng lin tren hb sd cdng khai trfin cac Irang mang xa hdi Cac thil doan du lam than qua mang Ke XHTDTE cd the sfl dung rll nhieu Ihu doan khac Dut lot, cho qua; phinh ninh; tao dtfng stf thdn mal, gan gui; nhflng ted chdi tinh due Ird chdi khieu dam, cho tee xem hinh iinh khieu dara; de dpa tdng tinh,, 2.3 2.3.1 Nhu'ng n g u y ca tre e m bi x a m h a i tinh d u e tiir viec sii d u n g internet Nguy cd tii viec suT dung chat Cung vdi sfl dbi ciia he thbng Yahoo!Messenger, Skype MSN , chflc nang chat trtfc tuyen cung da ted ihanh mflt phtfdng tifin giao liep phd bien va dfldc nhieu tre em va ihanh Ihieu nien tfa chudng Do dd, nhflng ke loi pham XHTD cung khdng bd qua cd bbi "beo bb" va chung da tim du mpi Ihu doan de thtfc hifin dUdc y db den tbi cua minh Cach lara phd biln cua nhflng ke ndy la vao phdng chat tap thfi' de tung nhflng dubng link ket nfli vbi nhflng trang web den, hoac trtfc tiep ltfa chon tflng vifin ciia phbng chat de gfli nhflng dia chi Mot sb trang web cdn cd chl dp gfli ttf ddng mbi cd radl vien mbi vao phbng chat Mbt sb khac sfi dung chieu bai phinh ninh, du db lara than [5, 7], Mfli sd ke xam hai tinh due tre em khac lai lfla chon chieu hai "mtfa dam iham lau" dd la sau da nhim dtfdc doi tUdng cua minh chung khdng lilc bb hang gib dong hb mdi dfi "tam stf" va chilm dtfdc long tin cua "nhflng nai vang ngd ngac" Sau chung du cac em din dia die'ra hen da sap dat IrUbc de IhUc hien hanh vi ddi bai cua minh va de doa cac em khdng dtfdc till lb cho ai, nlu khflng chung se dUa thdng tin len mang cho nhung ngUbi ban be cua Ire bill Tham chi ire mufln tim manh moi cua ke xam hai minh cung rll kho khan bbi le nhflng thflng im teen mang rat khb kiem chflng la gia hay thdt Ddy la each de nhflng ke tbi pham XHTDTE thiel lap radl quan he de tfl dd tien sau hdn nhira thUc hien mtfu dd cua rainh 2.3.2 Nguy cd tir viec sir dung webcam Btfbc tiln tfl chat gd raat phim (type) den chat bdng giong ndi (chat voice), va gib day la chat webcam da giup cho khdng gian giao tilp dtfdc rut ngin lai, ca nhflng ngUbi xa la trfin mang gap ciing cam thay gan giii, thdn thien hdn The nhtfng ciing vbi nb cang cb nhilu ke tpi phara xara hai tre em lang Ihang tren cac phdng chat de tim kiem Ire em lam "con nifli" cho minh vdi thu doan quen thupc la dung nhflng ldi le ngpt nhai de Ihuyet phuc tre em va Ihanh thilu nien de' lb nhtfng phin kin Iren cd the' Sau dd, chiing sfl dung rabl thao tac rll nhanh va Nguyen L6 Hoai Anh Ihuc la In phim print screen trfin ban phim, tilp theo chi can chinh sfla mdt chut la lira anh da trb mpt "san pham" hoan chinh Cac ten tdi pham thtfbng xuyen teao ddi nhflng lira iinh ma chung sdn dUdc cho trUbc Id de chiem ngUbng, ban tan sau IJi de thtfc hien nhflng y ciia rieng minh, Khflng it tre dd bi nhflng ke xlu de doa tung hinh Ifin mang neu nhtf khflng thflc hifin theo yfiu cau thoa man tinh due ciia chflng, Tham chi mdt s6 ke da diing cac ki thudt chinh sfla anh dfi' diing khudn mat cua cac tre era, Ihieu nfl raa chflng chup dtfdc de ghep vao nhflng hinh anh khoa thdn tren mang rdi lai lung Ifin mang nhtf mpt trb giai tei, bat chip nhflng hau qua cd the' xay din cho cac em, NhU vSy, webcam ia mpi khdng gian khong teung hda, khdng rifing IU va rat de bi ghi Iai cdc hinh tfl webcam, lam gia hinh tfl webcara va thdm chi tdi pham XHTDTE cdn sfl dung phan mem de' bSl webcara cua chinh cac em ma ban ihdn cac era khdng he hay bill va tfl dd ldi dung nhflng hinh anh de' de doa xdm hai tre em va thieu nien [4], 2.3.3 Nguy cd tir cac mang xa hpi Tre em va thilu nien tham gia cdc mang xa hbi cang nhieu nhfl Facebook, Zingme, Youtube Mang xa hdi da mang tdi sU ket noi va chia se thbng tin thtfbng xuyen cua cac era vbi ban be va rapi ngtfbi xung quanh [2] Tliy nhifin, mang xa hdi tiem an rat nhilu nguy cd vl x^ra hai tinh due ddi vbi tre, Bdi ie, tren cdc teang mang xd hbi, cdc em deu chia se nhflng thdng tin ca nhdn rll chi tilt cua rainh: hp tfin, trtfbng hpc, anh chi em, sd thich, cac boat ddng dien hang ngay, dien bien ldm li linh cam, hinh anh cua minh nhflng khdng he biet rang ban thdn cd the liep xuc vdi nhflng lifin he khdng mong mubn kit noi vdi nhflng mang lUbi khdng lanb manh hay nhflng npi dung thdng tin khdng phil hdp Nhfl chiing ta da biet "ban be" teen mang xd hbi rat rbng Ibn vd vdy se cd nhflng nguy cd xay den vbi cdc em em cd the kit ban vdi nhflng ke XHTD ma khdng bilt hay chung cd the' db tim tre qua mang Ifldi ban be cfla chinh cac em tfl nhflng thbng tin cdc em chia se vdi ban be ciia minh Thflng qua tim hi^u nhflng thdng tin ca nhSn chi lilt cua cac em, ke XHTDTE cb the' ldi dung de kit ban, du dd lam than va sau db sU dung cdc thii doan cua minh dfi' tiep can xam hai tre vd ban be cua Ire NhU vay chi qua vai lln nhap chudt la ke XHTDTE cd the' cb radl loat thdng tin ve "con moi", tham chf chiing cbn cd the sfl dung Google Map de' tim nha, tim so dien thoai nha, lan trUdng hpc, doan dUbng ma tee di hay nhflng tu difi'm yeu thich ciia tre, dac bifit chinh xac ca dia difi'm, thbi gian nlu nhtf tre sfl dung dich vu dinh vi trfin mang xa hbi hay cac thilt bi di ddng,,, Tat cii nhflng thflng tin dtfdc ke XHTDTE ldi dung de' tiep can hay de doa ep budc tre lam iheo yeu clu cua rainh Mang xa hpi lubn de lai nhflng "ddu chan ki IbuSl s6" tflc la tit ca nhflng hinh anh, video cac em dang tai len trtfc tuyin thi ngtfbi khac cb the "copy", "download" de chinh sfla mudn lam gi cung dfldc, thara chi lam nhflng dilu khflng tdt vbi nhflng bflc anh ciia minh, phat tan nd di ma cac em khdng he hay bilt Mang xa hbi ndi rieng va mang internet ndi chung lubn de lai dau vit bbi da ldi bat ki thdng lin nao dd Ien mang thi chi can "search" se mpi Ihdng tin lien quan da dfldc tai len Hdn nfla, cung rat khd cd thfi' xac dinh chi'nh xac cac thdng tin chia se tren mang xa hdi bdi mdt ngflbi cd the lap nhilu ten (nickname) khac nhau, tao dtfng nhilu nhdn dang va sfl dung cac hinh anh khac de sif dung phu hdp cho rauc dich cua minh tilp can vbi tre em va thilu nifin, 2.3.4 Nguy cd tii cac tro chdi trtec tuyfin (game online) Vbi flu the la mpt loai hinh gidi tri hi^n dai, dl chdi radi teflbng game online song dpng, thdm chi nhilu tefldng hdp cdn li ki hdn cube song ben ngoai nen trb chdi true luyin rat thu Nguy t a xdm hai tinh diir ddi vilt tre em qua mang inlernel vd i at hien phdp phimg trdnh hut ngUbi chdi, nhat la dbi vbi lfla ludi tre em va Ihilu nien Trong the gidi game onhne, tre chdi gidi tre se dtfdc hang ngan ngtfbi ngUdng mp db tre cam thay cd gia trj vi ban than tee cd the hoc khflng gibi khong nhifiu ban tren the gibi thUc nhtfng chdi thi Iai dUdc nhflng ban be trUc tuyen ngtfdng mb lam tre IU tin hdn rat nliicu Do dd, day cung la cd hpi de nhflng ke XHTDTE ldi dung de du dd tee tham gia vao cac trb chdi trtfc tuyin Tuy nhien cang danh nhieu thdi gian chdi, nilm dam me dau ttf cho nhan vai cang Ibn, tre cang cd nguy cd nghien game online Trong qua trinh chdi cac era cd the kel ban vbi nhieu ngtfbi khac va teong dd cd ca nhflng ke XHTD qua raang Chi qua vai ldi du dd vai lan ndi chuyen ke xau cd the dl dang kll ban Iham chi rii re Ire em "ket hbn" iren mang Tfl nhflng mdi quan he nhtf vay tee em cb the bi ldi dung cho nhflng muc dich xdu, ma chiing thdm chi cd ihe' lam ldn hai dfin danh dtf, nhan pham cua ire.,, d ngoai dbi Hay tren cac Irang web chdi game online ciing thtfbng xudt hifin nhflng thbng tin khdng lanh manh nhtf hinh anh khieu dam bao ltfc, dflbng link web den vd linh dtfdc lai theo vl may tinh cua tre Nhflng ke XHTDTE cd the lly cap mat khau va tai khodn cua tre de ldi dung dang tai nhflng hinh anh hodc ndi dung khong phu hdp va yeu cdu de dpa tee phai thda man nhu cau den toi ciia chung, nlu khdng se ddng tai nhflng Ihdng nn db len bdo cho bd me ban b e Nhieu teb chdi tre mudn thing d p thang hang hay trao ddi cac vat dung cho nhdn vat ciia minh, tre cb the bi nhflng ke XHTDTE ldi dung dfi' du dfl trao doi qua, phan Ihtfdng cho cac em lay dtfdc long tin cua cac em de sau db thtfc hien xara hai [4] 2.4 Nguyen ahan dan den nhtfng nguy cd xam hai tinh due tre em qua mang internet Mang internet khdng gay viec xam hai tee em vi chUa cd mtemet thi viec xdm hai tinh due tee em dd xay tfl IrUbc roi NhUng nhflng ke phara tdi XHTDTE da ldi dung internet de liep can tre em dl ddng hdn giup vific tao va phat tan cac hinh anh bdi "nha cua tre em dfi dang hdn Trudc liin nhflng ke pham Idi cd the sfl dung internet de ket nbi mang Itfbi vbi chid se thdng lin vdi Inlernel giup nhflng ke pham tdi lira thdy dbng pham va tao mang Itfdi tap hdp nhflng cd nhdn cd cung suy nghT "ngflu lira ngflu raa tam ma" thflng qua cac phbng chat va bang lin nhdn Viec khiln "binh thfldng hda" nhflng suy nghi meo rad, cac hanh vi pham ldi cua chung vd mang lai cd hdi chia se thdng tin lam each nao de tifip cdn cd lap va XHTDTE Trtfbc cd internet, nhflng ke phara tdi gap rat khd khan dfi' chia sc suy nghT, thdng ten, Nga\ internet giiip cho phep chung cd the' chia se vbi nhanh, hfin luc bit kfi' khoang each dia li Do vay chung cd the Ihtfc hien XHTDTE teong nflbc hoac ngoai nfldc, Thil hai nhflng ke XHTDTE cb thfi' teao ddi, phan phat, thu ihdp lao hay tilp xuc gan gui vbi nhflng hinh anh bat nhd cua tee em Trtfbc cd internet, nfiu mudn xera cac bflc anh khdng lanh manh cua tee em Ihi ho phdi itf iao hodc phai cd lien lac vbi ngtfdi nao cd the tao cac bflc anh vi phai sfl dung cbng nghe analog (bang casette cudn phim, bang video), - Nhflng stf tiln bp cua cdng nghe da khien nhflng dieu trb nfin khdng can thilt iheo db hinh anh va bang video cd the' dtfdc ghi lai bdng may quay phira ki thual sd cd the copy hang nghin ban thoai mai., - Hdn nfla, chuyen tfl thdi ki Web 1.0 samg Web 2.0 - mang xa hpi (tfl lai xudng din tai len) ke XHTDTE cb the tai cac hinh anh video cua ire len mang Do dd chiing cd Ihe chuyen hinh anh bit nha cua tre dl dang, cd bp stfu tap day du, gpn nhe Dbng thbi tre era cb nhieu cd hbi tai thdng tra len mang thi nhflng rui ro theo dd cung tang len bbi nhflng ke XHTDTE cd cd hfli de tiep can tre va tim tre de' thUc hien mtfu dd cua minh [4] Thit ba ke XHTDTE cb the dung inlernel de' tiep xiic trtfc iiep vbi tre era, du dd lam than vdi cac em de cd Ihe xdm hai, ke ca nhflng hinh thflc xam hai gian tiep, vi du nhtf qua webcam Trtfbc kia, nhtfng ke pham lpi thtfbng tim mpi cdng viec hay vi tri de ngtfbi khac tin Iflbng nhim 165 Nguyen Le Hoai Anh xay dflng quan he vbi tre (VD: giao vien, hay bat dau mdi quan he vbi ngflbi rae dbc than cd con) nham tilp can chung NhUng nhb cd miernet ma viec tiep can da cb the thay ddi, chiing cb the len mang va tiep can vbi tre IrUc tiep, Hdn nfla, inlernet cho ph6p chiing sfl dyng sU vb danh nlu muon, hay xay dUng nhflng hinh anh khac vbi ban dang cua chung ma khdng bi phat hien, cho phep tranh nhflng nii ro ma tren ihl gibi thUc te hp se khdng bao gib dam lam vi sd hau qua Tre era va Ihilu nien la doi ttfdng ham hifi'u bill nhtfng chtfa dii sflc de khang vbi nhflng lac dpng va Ibi keo tfl ben ngoai Dac biel b giai doan tudi ddy Ihi la qudng thbi gian ire thay ddi va ldn Ifin nhanh chdng bdt dau mudn dbc lap va cung la luc chung id md vl gidi linh Do dd, neu khdng dUdc hUbng din, tre se bdi roi va thfldng bi ldi keo bbi nhflng ihtf dien tfl cd linh chll khieu khich, Nhflng ke xam hai tinh due se danh vao sfl lb rab va de xieu long ciia cac em diing rapi each du dfl bdng cac chifiu bai khac nhau, trudc tien cb the dpi lot nhu nhung ngUbi tfl tl, tdt bung, Ihara chi cdn giiip lam biii lap ve nha ntfa Chiing ma manh va tim each tao niem tin ndi nhtfng tre chiing dinh xara hai Cac era cb t h l khong nhan bilt dau la stf du db dau la tinh thtfdng dich thtfc Nguy cd dac biet dl xay ndi nhflng tre it quy trpng ban than, it cd stf quan tara chdm sdc cua gia dinh Trong thbi dai internet cac bac cha rae ciing chfla cd diy du stf quan tam sat vdi viec sfl dung internet cua minh va chtfa y thflc dtfdc nhflng nguy cd xdm hai tinh due dbi vbi tre em cd the' xay qua internet Ngay tai trtfbng hpc cac ndi dung gido due, htfdng ddn kT nang sfl dung internet an toan hay phdng tranh nguy cd xara hai tinh due tren internet cung chfla dUdc dtfa vao giang day cho hoc sinh Nhtf vay, hbi tu cac yeu to khdch quan va chu quan khac nhau, nguy cd ire hi xdm hai qua inlernel se cang gia tang nlu khdng cd nhflng dinh hubng dung dan va bien phap can thiep kip thbi cho cac era 2.5 Cac bien phap phdng tranh nguy ctf xam hai tinh due qua internet cho tre em Nhu chung ta da bilt XHTDTE de lai hdu qua vd cung to ldn tren moi phudng dien ve the' chit, tam li, tinh cam, khbng chi gay tdn thUdng cd the va nhflng hau qua nhat thbi ma cbn cb ihe' anh htfdng rat ldu dai ve sau Nhflng hdu qua lau dai cua lam dung tinh due d Ire em bifi'u hien lfl nhe nhang cho den nhflng roi loan rit nang ne khbng chi Ufin quan din sflc khoe kha nang hoc tap raa cbn lien quan den kha nang sinh san, kha nang hba nhSp gia dinh va xa hbi cung nhtf dfli vdi sflc khde lam thin cua tre XHTDTE qua mang lien quan dfin stf tham gia cua Ire khien cac em cb cam giac tdi ldi cam giac rainh la dflng Ida va dd de bj ted Ihanh nan nhan lau dai Do vay dfi' phdng tranh nguy cd XHTDTE qua internet can cd sU nhan thflc dung dan va phoi hdp dbng bd cfla gia dinh nha tetfbng va cpng dbng xa hdi Theo dd, ndi dung phbng tranh XHTDTE tren mang internet nbi rifing, phfldng phap sfl dung internet an loan va hieu qua can dfldc dtfa vao cdc chtfdng trinh giang day ngoai khda cho hpc sinh tai trtfbng hpc (b cac d p hpc khac nhau); dtfa vao npi dung giang day cua nganh CTXH tai cac trtfbng dai hpc, cao ddng, dtfa len cac chtfdng trinh truyen thbng, giao due kT ndng song tren cac phtfdng tien Iruyen thdng dai chung de' tre em, gia dinh va tal ca mpi ngUbi cung bill va ihUc hien, Gia dinh cdn quan tara tira hieu vific sfl dung internet ciia tee de' kip thbi hubng dan va cb bien phap xfl li kjp thbi cd vln dc xdra hai xay Mpt so bien phap htfbng dan tre em, ihanh thieu men sfl dung inlernet an loan, tranh nguy cd xdra hai tinh due dflng ihdi gia dinh, ihly cd giao va nhan vien CTXH cin biet de giao due, tu van, hd trd cac em nhtf sau: Nguy fO xdm bai linb due tttii vdt Ire em qua mang inlernel vd t dc hien phdp phimg trdnh De giam thieu rui ro, phdng tranh nguy cd xam hai tinh due t r i n mang internet, tre em va thieu nien khong nen: - Chip nhan cac yeu clu kll ban lfl nhflng ngtfbi minh khdng bilt hay khdng tin ttfdng cupc dbi thtfc iham gia cac mang xa hdi chat, game online - Dang thflng ten lien he ca nhan b che dp cdng khai, de mb rdng mang lUbi trUc luyen cua minh - Chia se cac chi tiet cd nhan vbi nhflng ngfldi raa minh mbi chi gap tren raang - Khoa thin, raac gdi cam sexy diing webcam - Chat webcam vbi ngUbi la - Chat vdi nhflng ngfldi bi hdng webcara va yeu d u cac era bat webcam vi chiing ta khbng bilt ho la hay nhtf the nao nhtf the nao (day la thu thual cua ke XHTDTE de' Iri l6c dp chai vbi nbilu ngflbi khac nhau, khdng lb mat cua ban thdn) - Chdi qua lau cac trb chdi trtfc tuyen va nhieu tieng ddng hd/ngay vi din din nghien, khd kiem soat; chdi phai nghi giai lao [4], Tre em va thanb thieu nien can phai: - Nhd rang ndi ddi trfin mang la dilu rit dl, khdng phai cung ndi thai ve minh - Nhd rang nhflng gi cac em lara trfin raang cd thfi' bi ghi lai va chia se ma cac em khdng bill - Che webcara khbng sfl dung, - Ghi nhb rang Iim din sfl giup db khbng bao gid la raudn ca, - Gidi ban nhflng gi rainh chia se: Ifin that, dia chi nha trtfbng hpc dia chi email hay IM sd dien thoai ndi den - Gidi ban nhflng ngtfbi rainh chia se - Suy nghi trtfdc dang Iai (post) bit cfl thbng tin nao len raang can nhac cac thbng tin cb the dd tim dtfdc cac anh video (dflng phyc trUbng CLB the' thao, nha dia die'm) - "Hi cai dat "locarion" teong mang xa hpi va cai dat geo-localion teen di ddng, - Khi da chia se nhflng thbng tin len mang rdi thi phai bill each rb bd thdng tin dd xudng nhtf the nao - Bill cdch chan lien lac - Ke' cho ngfldi ldn nlu cdc era bi de dpa - Bill phai tim den ai/cd quan nao cb ngtfdi khiln cac em cam Ihly bit bn Vi du: goi cho bd me ngtfbi than minh tin ttfdng hay gpi dien den sd dien thoai cua dtfbng day ndng Phim so dieuki: 18001567 Khi tre em va thieu nien gap gd nhirng ngudi qua mang dd d ngoai ddi thiXc, cae em can phai: - Ludn di cung mot ngtfdi Ibn ma rainh tin cay - Gap b mdt ndi cflng cpng - Ke' cho ngflbi Ibn cd trach nhiem bill em sdp di dau - Mang Iheo mpi phtfdng tien hen lac VD: di dbng, sb dien thoai - Khdng nhan qua, khdng dung ma tuy, rtfdu Nguyen Le HoJii Anh Ket luan Chung la thdy rang inlernel da va dang iam Ihay ddi thl gidi, tiep tuc di sau vao ddi sdng ngflbi dan va nd sfi gifl vai trd chifim linh loan bd dbi song kinh tl xa hdi, trb san chdi hflu ich, thill ihtfc cua ddng dao raoi ngtfbi Tuy nhien ben canh nhflng lpi ich thilt thtfc thi internet ciing mang lai cho ngtfbi nhilu phien toai mal trai cua internet ludn tdn lai chfla nhieu hifi'm hpa khd Ifldng mdt Irong nhflng nguy cd phai ke din la xain hai Iinh due tec cm - mdt van de cbn it dfldc quan tdra de cdp b Viet Nam hifin nay, Nhflng rui ro cd the xay din tre era va vi nifin sfl dung cac dich vu chat, webcam mang xa hdi chdi game ma ban than cac em va gia dinh cung khdng hay bill CJ Viei Nam chtfa cb thbng kfi hay nghien cflu vl vln de nfin cd thfi' ihly nguy cd XHTDTE chtfa rd rang nhung nhflng nghien cflu, thdng ke va kinh nghiem lfl cac cd quan, td chflc, cac nflbc di trtfbc la kinh nghiem de chung la kip thbi hpc hdi de" tfl dd cb bifin phap phbng ngfla, dfi' tranh nhflng hdu qua cd the' xay din tfl vln nan Do vay nhflng nha giao due, nhflng ngtfbi nhan vien CTXH can nhan thflc rd vl nhflng nguy cd, nil ro lif nhflng ke XHTD ddi vdi tre em qua mang internet de ciing htfbng din Ire nhflng bien phap len mang internet an loan, hifiu qua; dbng ihdi giao due cho gia dinh each thflc hb trd, kip thdi nhdn bill nhflng dau hieu nguy cd de can Ihiep giup dd cho tre em va vi nien TAX LIEU T H A M KHAO [1| \2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] CHOP (2012a) A picture oj Abuse: A ihemattc assesuncnl of the risk t>l mnhu ' child se.xmd abuse po.sed hy tlitJ.'ie whu pu.t.s'ess indecent images of children CEOP (2012b), Threat Ai-se.s.\ment oj Child Sexual Expolilalton and Abuse Instilue of Health Economics fIHE), 2010 Sexual Exploitation of Children and Youth Over the Inlernel: A Rapid Review of the Scientific Literature ICPN, British Council 2014, Training on children safeguaiding, Hanoi 24-26/2/2014 Janet Stanley 2001 Child ahit.se and the internet National Child Protection Clearinghouse Child Abuse Prevention Issues, No, 15, Trung tam internet Viet Nara, 2012, Bdo cdo vi tdt nguyen internet Viil Nam ndtn 2012 Whittle H C , Harailton-Giachritsis C„ Beech A & Collings, G„ 2013, A Review of young people's vulnerabilities lo online grooming Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18.62-70 DOI: I0,10l6/j,avb,2012,09,003 ABSTRACT Risks of sexual abuse for children though the internet and solutions for prevention Internet changes the worid, brings practical benefits in all aspects of children's life hut contains unpredictable threats, one is the risk of sexually abused children - an issue is less interested in Vietnara, These risks can occur when children use chat, webcam, social networks games bul they and their families not know Therefore, educators, social workers need to be awaredof the tricks of children sexual abuse offenders via internet to guide children using safe and effecteve inlernel: educate iheb parents identify sorae sexual abuse signs and methods lo intervene and support for thera Keyword: the risk of sexually abused, children, internet, seduction, prevention 168 ... trao doi qua, phan Ihtfdng cho cac em lay dtfdc long tin cua cac em de sau db thtfc hien xara hai [4] 2.4 Nguyen ahan dan den nhtfng nguy cd xam hai tinh due tre em qua mang internet Mang internet. .. inlernet: Nghien game, bao ltfc, gay hin quan he linh due sbm, khong an toan 2.2 Tong quan chung ve xam hai tmh due tre em qua internet Xdm hai tinh due qua mang la nhflng tinh hudng ma b db viec... (79%) [3] Doi ttfdng tre em de bl ton Ihtfdng, co nguy cd tr6 nan n h a n XHTD tren mang Nhflng doi tfldng Ire em cd nguy cd Irb nan nhan XHTD trfin mang internet gdra cd: tre em gai; tee van ban