Vấn đề công bằng xã hội ở thành phố hồ chí minh 40 năm sau ngày giải phóng 30 4 1975

TAP CHf PHATTRliN NHAN LL/C - SO 6(49)2015 6^Zi X { VAN DE CONG BANG XA HOI dTHANH PHO HO CHI MINH 40 NAM SAU NGAY GIAI PHONG 30/4/1975 TS.VO VAN DUNG Truong Dgi hoc Khdnh Hoa l.Datvande Van de cdng b^ng xa hOi xudt hidn rat sdm trdng lich sfl vd ludn thu hflt sfl quan tam eua nhan loai tien bO Dd ciing la khat vpng clu'nh dang eua eon ngudi Viet Nam ndi ehung va eua phd Hd Chi Minh (Tp HCM) ndi rieng Dang bo va chinh quyen phd ludn coi cdng bkig xa hdi la mOt ttong nhiing mue tieu CO ban can vuon tdi, ddng thdi la mdt ttong nhflng dpng lue phat tridn cfla xa hOi Trong bai vidt ndy, chflng tdi tap trung tim hieu nOi dung cfla vdn dd cdng bang xa hdi d Tp HCM 40 nam sau giai phdng 30/4/1975 va nhflng nguydn nhan tac ddng, ddng thdi dfla nhung giai phap n h ^ dam bao su cdng bang xa hOi cudng quan he binh dSng ddan ket xay dung va bao ve td qudc"'^l Dai hOi Dang bp lan thfl VI (1996) xac dinh: "di ddi vdi tangtirfldngkinh te, phai giai quyg't tdt cae van dd van hda - xa hdi; gan tang trudng kinh td vdi tidn bO, cdng b^ng xa hpi ttong sudt qud ttinh phat trien"'^l Dai hOi Dang bd lan tiifl VTII (2005), d phan xay dflng nliiem vu phdt tridn va bao ve Thanh phd ttong giai doan sap tdi cung ndu ro, "giai quyg't tdt cdc van de xa hOi, thuc hien edng bdng va tidn bd xa hOi ddng bO vdi phat ttien kinh te"'^l Nhu vay, ttong sudt cdc ky dai hdi Dang bO Tp HCM da cd quan didm rat rd rang va nhat quan ve van dd dam bao edng bang xa hOi Qua trinh phat tridn cfla Tp HCM da md nhidu cd hOi nhung cung lam sinh nhidu vdn de xa hdi can phai dflde giai quyet nhu: su phan hda giau - ngheo, van dd dan sd, van de viec lam, cac te nan xa hOi, v.v Vdi quan di^m nhat quan phai giai quyet tridt dd nhflng vdn de cdn han che ddng thdi kich thich, tao dOng luc phat huy lpi the nham dam bao cho mpi ngudi dan Thanh phd deu dupe hudng su cdng bang Noi dung Quan diem vi cong hdngxd hoi cua Tp HCM Tren co sd dudng ldi cfla Dang, chinh sach eua Nha nudc, ddng thdi xuat phat tfl thue tidn dia phflong, Dang bd phd Hd Chi Minh da 2.1 Nhdng thdnh qud dgt dugc cua Ddng bd sdm nhan thflc dflpe tinh tat ydu va vai trd cfla edng bdngxa hOi ttong thdi ky mdi Didu the Tp HCM vdn de cong bdng xd hdi 40 ndm hign mdt each nhat quan, xuyen sudt ttong eac sau ngdy gidi phong 30/4/1975 Trong qua trinh hdi nhap va phat trien Dang van kien Dai hpi cfla Dang bp phd Hd Chi Minh "Trong thuc ludn ehinh sach xa hOi, can bo va nhan dan Tp HCM da gat hai dupc nhieu qudn triet tu tfldng co ban cfla Dang la lay ngudi lam trung tam, ket hpp that tdt hai mat '^' Dang bp ThSnh Ho Ghi Minh (1991), Van kien Bai Dai biiu Bang bo Thanh Ho Chi Minh lan thO' V cdng bang vd lpi ich kinh te khuyen Idilch ydu hgi 1^1 Dang bp Thanh Ho Chi Minh (1996), Van kien D^i td tinh than, khoi day Idng yeu nudc, tu hao dan hoi Bai biSu Bang bg Thdnh Ho Chi t^4inh ldn thir VI tpc, tinh than ddc lap tu chfl, y thflc tu lue, tU 131 Dang bp Thanh Ho Chi Minh (2005), Van kidn Dai hoi Dai bieu Bang bg Thdnh Ho Chi h/linh ldn thip VIII VO VAN D O N G -VAN DE CONG B A N G XA HOL cdng nhieu iinh \isc Idiae nhau, ttong dd cd van de edng bang xa hOi xflng dang la dia phuong di dau ve lanh td va van de edng bang xa hOittongea nude \'an de cdng bangxa hOi Tp HCM dupc the iu6n d cac diem sau: Cdng bang xa hOi dupc the hien ttong\iec giai quye't \1ee lam eho ngudi Iao dOng Dang bO Tp HCM nhan thflc rat rd va quan tam den cdng tac giai qu)'et viec lam cho ngudi dan "Trong thang dau nam 2014, nganh Lao ddng - Thuong buih va xa hdi TP.HCM da tieh cue trien khai cac mat cdng tac dupc giao va dat dupc nhieu ket qua quan ttpng Trong dd, noi bat ia boat ddng giai quyet ^iec lam vdi nhidu ehuyen bidn ti'ch cue Cu the, thang dau nam phd da giai quyet viee iam cho 219.754 lupt ngudi, dat 82,92% chi tigu ke boach, ttong dd cd viec iam dn dinh la 125.193 ngudi, cd 89.513 chO ^lec lam mdi, dat 74,5% ke boach So vdi eflng ic)" nam 2013, giai quyet viee iam tang 1,34% ^^a chd vide iam mdi tang 1,55%"'*' Trong nhung nam qua, nhd chfl y ddn cdng tae dao tao nghd ndn ehu truong cua Thanh phd ia xay dung nlueu co sd day nghe de ddp ung nhu cau cho ngfldi hpc "Hien tten dia ban Thanh phd cd 417 co sd day ngbe cap trinh dO dao tao khac vdi quy md tuyen sinh dao tao nghd dat 364.230 hpc sinh, sinh Wen Sd lupng va chat ifldngttongvide dao tao ngudn nhan luc eua phd nhflng nam qua khdng ngiing tang len Sd Lao ddng - Thuong binh \'a Xa hOi Thanh phd eung da thuc hien giai doan cudi chuong trinh day^ nghd cho iao ddng ndng thdn tai quan, huyen vdi 1.100 lao dOng ndng thdn theo chuong trinh muc tieu qudc gia va 2.200 lao dOng ndng thdn theo Quyet dinh 1956/QD-TTg cua Thu mdng Chinh phu vdi lanh ptu 4,2 ti ddng hd ttd ngudi hpc nghe va 7,8 ti ddng tang cudng tiiiet bi eho eo sd day nghd Nhd cdng tac dao tao nghe vk giai quyet viec iam dupc thuc hien tdt ngn t\ le that ngiiiep cua Thanh phd da giam xud'ng * \'an de cdng bang xa hpi dupc the hien phan phdi thu nhap Danh gia su phat trien kinh te va cdng bang xa hOi phai dua tren nhieu ti^u chi va mOt ttong cactieuciii quan ttpng chinh la phan phdi thu nhap Tai phd Ho Cin Minh thu nhap ttong nhiing nam qua khdng ngung dupe tang len, dieu da gdp phan khdng nhd \ ao \iec tang mflc sdng cua ngudi dan, dam bao tai san xuat lao dpng eho xa hpi, khoang cadi giau - ngheo dang dupc rflt ngan "GDP n3m 2014 dat 852.523 t\- ddng, tang 9,6% (cimg icy tang 9,3%) Co can kinh te tiep tue chuyen djch dung hudng, dich vu ciiidm rC"ttpng59,6% troi^ GDP, cdng ngiuep xa>" dung chiem t)- ttgng 39,4%, ndng nghiep clue'm t\- ttpng 1% GDP binh quan dau ngfldi dat 5.131 dd-!a My, tang 12,89% (nam 2013 la 4.545 dd-la My)"5 Trong tdng sd tien eiii tieu hdng thang neu phan chia theo khoan ciutiiingfldi dan Thdnh phd clii cho an udng, chiem sd lupng ldn nhdt, sau dd lan lupt la den mac, dien nudc, thiet bj dd dflng ytft giao due, v.v Qua trinh dd da kich cau lam cho lim thdng hang hda didn sdi ndi, day ciing \k dac diem lam cho kinh te thi trfldng Thanh liinh Idia rd net '*>http://mol I sa.gov v n / v [ / P a g e s / c h i t i e t t i n aspx?IDNews=22129 '^TTieo bao cao So: 262/BC-UBND, 31 thang 12 nam 2014 De edng bang xa hpi dupe dam bao can phai nang cao giao due Xuat phat tfl quan diem xac dinh ngfldi la yeu td quyet dinhttongluc luong san xuat xa hpi Dang bd Tp HC^ I ludn de cao \'an de giao due - dao tao, xem dd la quoc sach hang dau va xem giao due la nliiem \'u ttpng tam ttong \iec nang eao chat Iflpng dan sd, phat trien ngudn nhan luc, dam bao sfl cong bang xa hdi Dang bd Tp HCM ludn ehfl ttpng den cac cliinh sach giao due - dao tao nang cao chat lupng dam bao tien bd va cdng bdng xa hoL Quan triet dupc quan diem dao tao ngudn nhan luc, nang cao danm'va bdi dudng nhan tai khdi^ chi dam bao eho sir phat trien ben ^Ting cua ^/OVAN DUNG -VAN OE CONG BANG XA HOI , phd ma cdn id co sd de giai quyet nhung van de cdng bang xa hOi Nhan thflc dupc tdm quan ttong do, ttong nhflng nam vfla qua Dang bo, Chinh quyen va nhan dan Thanh phd ludn quan tam ddn su nghigp giao due - dao tao, chu tniang "xdy dung ndn giao due tien tien, mang dam ban sac dan tOe, dap flng yeu can cdng nghigp hda, hien dai hda, hpi nhap qude td Tiep tuc ddi mdi, phdt trien, nang eao todn dien chdt Iflpng giao due va dao tao, dac bigt coittpnggiao due truyen thdng, Iy tfldng, dao dflc, Idi sdng, y thflc ttach nhiem xa hdi, nang luc sang tao Day manh xa hpi hda dau tu xay dung he thdng trudng Idp theo quy hoaeh; md rOng Uen kdt dao tao, Tiep tuc tri kdt qua chdng mu chfl; cap mam non cho tre tudi, gido due tieu hpc, trung hpc co sd va phd cap bac trung hpe, thuc hien phd cap ngoai ngfl, tin hpc cho hpc sinh thdng Thuc hien ed kdt qua ehudng trinh nang cao ehat lupng ngudn nhan luc, dac bidt la dOi ngfl can bd lanh dao, quan Iy, can bp khoa hpc - cdng nghe, doanh nhan va Iao dOng ky thuat; khuyen khich eae boat ddng khuyen hpc, khuyen tdi, xay dung xa hdi hpe tap" ^^\ Su quan tam dd dfldc the hidn qua cac chuong tnnh "da cap bu, midn giam va hd trp chi phi hpc tap nam 2013 la hdn 52 ty ddng va du toan nam 2014 la hon 79 ty dong Thuc hien ehinh sach hd trp giao due cho hpe sinh thuOc didn hO ngheo giai doan 2010 - 2015, nam 2013 da thuc hien hd tip cho 32.966 hpc sinh vdi sd kinh phi Id 19,281 ty ddng va giao du toan ngan saeh nam 2014 la 13,435 ty dong de ehi hd trp chi piil hpc tap cho 21.326 hpc sinh theo chd dp"'^' Tfl giao due mam non ddn giao due dai hpc da dupc Ddng bp Tp HCM quan tam dflng mflc Viec dao tao ngudn nhan luc khdng clii danh rieng eho Tp HCM ma cdn la ndi tad dp tin cay cao ve dao tao, thu hflt sinh vienttongnude va khu vuc tham gia hpc tap Viec '*' Dang bp Thanh ph6 Ho Chi Mmh (2010), Van kien dai h0i dai bieu Bang bg Thanh Ho Chi IVIinh lan thCr IX i^'Theo b^o cao S6: 262/BC-UBND, 31 thang 12 nam 2014 cung cd, Iden toan td chflc bO may quan ly giao due - ddo tao dupc Dang bd Thanh phd quan tam Thflc hien eong tac quy hoaeh, dao tao, bdi dudng nang cao trinh dO dpi ngfl giao vidn va can bo quan ly giao due Ve ehdt lupng giao due cua Thanh phd tflng budc dupc nang len, ket qua tdt nghiep phd thdng trung hpc hang nam cao hon mflc trung binh ca nfldc Chinh sdch midn giam hpc phi cho cae ddi tupng cflng dupc Dang bo Tp HCM quan tam "Chuong ttinh nang eao chat lupng ngudn nhan lire xay dung nhanh ngudn nhan lue dap flng yeu cdu phdt trien vd hdi nhap lanh td qudc td; dd, tap trung bao dam nhu cau lao dpng chat Iflpng eao eho ngdnh dich vu, nganh cdng nghiep trpng yeu va xuat Idiau lao dOng" dflpe xem la mOt sau ehuong trinh dOt pha dupc Dang bp Thanh phd xac dinh tai Dai hOi lan thfl IX Van de cdng bang xa hdi dupc the hien viec cham sdc y te Cdng tdc cham soc sflc idioe nhan dan phd nhung nam qua cd nhieu tien bO Mang ludi y te cd sd tiep tuc dupe eung ed va phdt trien, eham sdc sflc khde ban dau dflpe ddy manh, cdc djch benh nguy hiem sdm dupc phat hidn, khdng che Sd Iflpng va chat Iflpngy te dupc nang cao, trang thidt bi dupc dau tu mdi, ngudn nhan lue khdng ngimg dupc nang cao chuyen mdn, ngiiiep vu., mang ludi dupc md rOng Van de binh ddng xa hpi dupc the hien cdng tae xda ddi giam ngheo Xda ddi giam ngheo la mOt chu truong idn cua Dang bd Tp HCM Day ididng chi la van de kinh te, ma cdn la CO sd de gifl vflng dn dinli xa hOi, bao dam qudc phdng, an ninh eua Tp HCM ndirigngva ca nudc nd chung Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh ludn dupc ddnh gia la ndi khdi xudng va di dau cac chuong trtnh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, Chuong ttinh Xda ddi, giam ngheo la mdt nliung diem son rue rd Vdi chu truong "Ti le hd ngheo theo tieu chi thu nhap 12 ttieu ddng/ngfldi/nam ddn eudi nam 2015 eo ban VO VAN D O N G - VAN DE C O N G BANG XA HOL, hoan (cdn dudi 2%)" Dang bp Thdnh H^ Chi Minh {2010), Van kien Dai ' hgi D?i biiu Bang b0 Thdnh Ho Chi Minh ldn thie