VAN HOA - GIAO DUG vA XU TH^ P H A T TRI^N Trdn L§ B&o* Tdm tdt: Vin hda giio dpc ludn gin bd chit ehe MuSn vin hda giao dgc d6i mdi toan ddn vi trdt dS dn mm v^ng nhifng dieu kdn tie dgng tir ben ngoai (toin du hda khoa hgc dng ngh$ xu thi chung ou^fodpc thd gitri) kMhcfp hii hda vdi nhOng ddu kdn ben (dinh tn kinh d, vin hda xa hdi vi truyin tidng giio dgc) Boi mdi toin ddn va tn^tdi vinhdaglao dgc hutrng v6 sif phit trdn ehinh la d6i mdi tutnSt ly giio dgc, din vdc xiy difng nip vin hda giio dgc cho toin thi dng ddng, quan tim tdl nhind ngu^i qui trinh giio dgc cung nhu ea sd vit chit cho nginh giio dgc di hu^ng vi xiy dp'ng mdt xi hdi hpc dp, dip Cmg cho nin kinh ti tri thtic tuong lai Tir khda: Vin hda giio dpc, triit ly giio dgc, xi hdi hgc t$p ^ ^ k "W'in hda vi giio dye li hai ph^ra ttu ed ^ ^ V radi lien h? chJt ehe bdi ea hai ddu hudng tdi eon ngudi Neu nhu vin hda li dpng lue vi raye tieu ciia su phit triSn, tfii giio dye vdi chue ning dio tao ngudi nhu li phuong tifn hihi hi?u nhittinrchi?n diy du mpi vai ttd vi myctieuciia vin hda Neu nhu vin hda li ngudi vdi ttr cich eon ngucri xa hpitiiigiio dye ciing hudng ddn nguoi vdi ttr cich Ii cdng cy dio t?o ngudi Giio dye day eon ngudi bifit cich irng xii vdiraditrudng ty nhien vi xa h$i, can phii CO ket cpng ddng vi le sdng cdn vi phit ttifin Tuy nhien ttong tfidi d?i toin eau hda vi SV bimg nd eua khoa bpe kytfiuptd|e bi|t li cdng nghf tiidng tin, giio dye can dupc ddi mdi toin di?n mdi cd thitiiyrchifn tot dupc nhifm vy ehfnh tti ciia nginh vi ei vin hda lan giio dye can cdradiquan hf ch$t ehe hon, thuc hifn nhifm vy xay dung xa hpi hpc t4p lim CO so cho nen kinh tittitfuic,tfiiSediy sy phit ttifin ben viing cua dat nudc, dong thdi hOi nh§p dupc vdi khu vyc vitfi^gidi Neu nhu gii ni li die trung cua vin hda, tillraptttongnhimg npi dung quan ttpng ciia giio dye chinh li giio dye nhimg gii tti mang d ^ chat nhan vin cho tointiificpng dong, vi quan ttpng hon li giio dye da dinh hudng eic gii tti tiiim my cdti'nhchit Iyttrdngcho tiie hf tte vi ei cpng dong Nfiu nhu van hda edtt'nhttuyentiidngthi giio dye ehinh li phuong tipn hihi hifiu nhit dfi bio luutt-uyentiidngciia din tpctirddi niy Moi quan hf giiia vin hda vi giio dye qua ddi khic,tireii ndi gia dinh tdi hpc dudng Vin hda li mpt pb^ra ttt rpng hon giio vi ca ngoii xa hpi Tmyfintiidngdin tpc ludn dye vi giio dye ehi li rapt bp phan eiia vin dupc lim sdng l^i, hifin huu ttong eupc sdng hda Xdt vi d§cttung,chiic nang vi nhifm vy, tiiudng nhat cua ngudi hdm qua hfi giira vin hda vi giio dye ludn cd mdi quan he tfldng giio dye Mpt ttong nhimgttuyfintfiong qu^ biu eua dan tpc ta IittuyfinUi6ng hieu hpc, gin bd hihi co tdn su ttpng d^io, cin eii chira chi, chju khd 1.1 Gido dgc Id hifn Ihgc hda cua van hda hpc tipttongbit eii hoin canh nio Gido dgc Ihgchi^ mpi chue ndng cua vdn hda Nfiu nhu ban sic li rapt die ttung khic ciia vin hda, thi giio dye khdng ehi gdp phin giu PGS.TS Trudrng O^i hpc Su pham H i Ndi gin ban sic vin hda din tpc tir ngdn ngu tu 2(12)-2014:NGHlfeNCCrU VAN H A dfin nhihig hing sd van hda ciia dan tpc, mi edn hudng ngudi bpe tdi viec tiep thu nhimg tinh hoa vin hda ciia cac cpng ddng khie trfin thfi gidi qua nhimg lan giao luu va ddi tho^ van hda 1.2 Tinh van hda cOa gido dgc Nfiu gin kfit khii niem vin hda vdi giio dye, se edn mpt luu y niia vfi quan he ciia hai ph^m trii niy Dd li tfnh van hda eua giio dye d mpt gdc dp nio dd tfii van hda vi giio due nhu Ii anh em song sinh Bdi khdng ed vin hda se khdng ed giio due Khdng cd giio dye duong nhifin cic gii tti van hda Iim bio luu vi tii sing t?o dupc Vin hda khdng chi li npi dung eiia giio dye, rai edn xuyen tfiim vio quan nifim, tfiii dp iing xii ciia eon ngudi ttting mpi quy ttinh ciia ho?t dpng giio dye (co nhifin vin hda d diy dupe hifiu tfieo nghia rpng) Cd nghia li rapi hofit dpng eiia giio dye khdng ehi li nhihig ho?t dpng mang tfnh vin hda kfi ei npi dung vi hinh tfuic, mi cdn nhin m ^ tdi chat lupng eua bo^t dpng giio dye, tat ci deu phii vi ngudi Trong ho?t dpng giio dye, ke ei ngudi d^iy vi ngudi hpc, ngudi quin \f vi ngudi chju sv quan Iy, cin dupe img xii mang tinh nhan vin nhit, tti quyen tv din chu, binh ding cho mpi ngudi ttong giio dye cho tdi vifie djnh hudng raye tieu, npi dung, phuong phip hpc t|ip 1.3 Gido dgc Id sg nghifp cia cd xd hpi Tli gdc dO xi hpi, giio dye khdng chi la cdng vifc rifing cua nginh giio dye, rai giio dye Ii sy nghifip cua ci xa hpi, ciia toin Ding toin dfin Giio dye Ufin quan dfin rapi ngudi mpi nhi, rapi cpng dong, tti dja phuong tdi ttung uong, Ufin quan den rapi nginh, ttong dd gin bd chJt ehfi vdi nginh vin hda Nd vira tiie hifin tfnh nhjy cim eua xi hpi, vira tfifi hifin quan difim ehfnh sich Uen quan tdi quyfin s6ng, quyfin tv dfin chu cOa eon ngudi ttong Nhi nudc phip quyfin, tfifi hifin ttinh dp van minh cua xa hpi vi ning lyc hpi nh?p eua m6i ei nhfin vi cpng d6ng ttong khu vyc vi qudc tfi Tuy nhifin moi quan hfi gin bd giiia vin hda vi giio dye ludn mang tinh ljch sii Nd bien doi tfieo nhiing yfiu ciu cua tfidi d^i vi nhu ciu phit trien cua moi dfin tpc Trong thdi d^i miH, vin hda gifio dye ch|u anh hudng bdi nhihig bi^n doi Idn lao cua nhan loai D61^ toan du hda, l i nhung dilu kifn chinh tr), kinh ti - xa hpi vk khoa hQC cong nghf 2.1 Todn cdu hda vdyeu ciu ddi mdi vin hda gido dgc Toin eau hda difin ngiy cing m ^ mfi da dem Ijii nhirng co hpi vi tfiieh tfuic cho mdi dfin tpc Toin ciu hda, hpi nhgp qudc t^ li xu tfie tit yeu ciia tfidi d?i d$t cho moi quoc gia dfin tpc, radi cpng ddng cu dfin vi radi ci nhfin Qui ttinh toin ciu hda khdng chi t^io sy tfldng tiiuong, c?nh ttanh ve kinh te rai edn t?o eo hpi, tiiich tfuic vfi su giao luu vin hda, phit ttifin ngudi, tiep tfiu tinh hoa vin hda cua nhfin lo?i vi bio ton bin sic van hda dfin tpc Nhimg tiiich tinie vi ea hpi dd vira ddi hdi cd f chf, ning Ivc doi radi ban tfifin cua moi ngudi ttieo yfiu ciu chung eiia nhfin lo?i, vua phai giii gin phit huy nhirng gii tti rifing cua vin hda dfin tpc, khing djnh dupc bin ITnh dfin tpc ttong mpt tiie gidi ludn dien sy c?nh ttanh khic nghift, kfi ca xam ling vin hda Dieu niy ddi hdi ci vin hda vi giio dye dfiu phii ddi mdi cho phii hpp vi tfifch img vdi tfldi d^i Di vupt qua dupe nhiing tiiich tfiiie vi CO hpi niy, moi eon ngudi, moi e$ng dong, quoc gia dan tpc deu phii ting cudng giio dye, hpc tgp khdng mfit mdi di nfing cao dfin tii, t?io ngudn nhan lyre chat lupng cao phyc vy cho s\t phit nifin dfit nudc vi ting cudng giao luu hpi nhap khu v^c vi quoc te 2.2 miu ki$n chinh trj - kinh ti - xa hpi Sau Chi^n ttanh tfie gidi tfiir II, nhirng gii tti van hda tu binh ding bic ii vi xfiy dyng mpt xa hpi dfin sy cua eic ninic phit trien van hoa - g i ^ due v^ xu thi phat trien ngiy cing ed anh hudng sau rdngttfintfifigidi, den cac nude dang phit ttifin Cie nha giao dye nhan vin die gidi da dua quan difim: giio dye l i quyfin cua moi cong dfin, la difiu kifin cho sy jrfiit nign phong phii ca nhan, ein «5 su binh ding ve co hpi hpc tap ttong cic tang ldp, mpi Iiia mdi ttong cdng ddng Vi vgy ttr ttrdng giio dye Ufin tuc, hpc tap sudt ddi du^K; quang bi rpng rai Sau dd li ttr tirdng giio dye cho mpi ngudi, l i nhan tfiire ve bdn Uai ept ciia giio dye: hpc dfi bifit, hpc dfi lim, hpc dfi tdn tai, hpc dfi chung song, ngiy cing dupc cu tfifi hda tfiinh cie chinh sich giio due cua cie qudc gia J r o n g difiu kifin khoa hpc ky tfiufit phit trien da Iim tfiay ddi m?uih me sin xuit vi cupc Mng xa hpi, eon ngudi cd nhifiu tfidi gian rSi ttong ngiy hon vi eiing vdi su tfiay ddi ngiy eing ting ciia tti tfuic nhan loai, cpng tfiem nhiing ehfnh sich tien bp chfnh tii - kinh tfi - xa hpi eiia moi quoc gia d i tao nfin mpt mdi ttudng xa hpi dfin chu, binh ding, ddi song tinh thin vi vat chit deu dupe nfing cao, till nhu ciu hpc t?p dfi ting eudng hifiu bifit, phit trifin nghfi nghifip, lira phong phii cho cupc song ci nhfin vi dfi cd tfifi giao luu hpi nhip vdi toin tfifi gidi ngiy cing ttd nfin cap tfiiet Vl v|y sy nghifip giio dye vi vin hda dfiu phii tfiay doi m^nh me vi toin difin mdi dip iing dupc nhu ciu hpc tip, nhu cau vi vin hda ngudi dang d|t ttong thdi d^i mdi ling xii phii hpp vdi nhitng eii mdi dang lien tuc xuit hien Mat khie khoa hpc cdng nghe phat ttifin eao da va dang tao nhiing phuang tien truyen tiidiig, miy Utah, mang internet, eiing cic san phim nghe nhin, nhitng cdng ey ed the n'ch hpp kifin tfuic, tfiay ddi ca quan nifim lan npi dung v i phuang phap hpc t|p, tfiay ddi ea quan nifim vi lao ddng xa hdi Lao dpng gia dfiy phai cd tti tfiirc cao hom, "phi v|t c h i r hon dong tfidi eiing lam tfiay ddi ban chat ciia lao ddng, ciia cdng tic quan ly san xuat cOng nhu quin ly xa hpi vi ngudi EHfiu niy ddi hdi nginh giio dye ein ddi mdi vfi ttr duy, hudng cpng dong vfi mpt xa hpi hoc tap vdi nen kinh tfi tti tfuic, ddng tfidi lira cho nhiing quan nifira ve van hda ciia nhan lo^ cQng phai tfiay ddi phii chii dpng hpi nh|p va ddi tfioai giiia cic nen van hda, dfi cd tiifi sdng bao dung vdi eic gii tti vin hda cua cpng dong khac, cimg chia xe nhiing gii tti chung eua nhan Ioai nhu ty dfin ehu, binh ding bic ii, hda binh hihi nghj Tinh hinh chung ciia gifio dye the gidi 3.1 NhOng thdch thuc ddi vdi gido dgc thigidi a Stt tiiifiu hyt nang nfi vi tiii ttirdng lao dpng vi chit xim Do cich m^ng khoa hpc ky tfiu|t ttong dd ed cdng nghfi tfidng tin, phit ttifin manh me da tinie diy nhanh qui ttinh phi tap ttung hda mpi sinh ho?it xa hpi, lim bifin doi sau sic difin mao van hda vi co cau kinh te - xi hpi, ciing nhu co ciu lao dpng xa 2.3 Sgphdt triin cua khoa hpc cong nghf hpi tt^n pham vi quoc gia vi qudc te Qui Khoa hpc cdng nghfi phit ttifin manh mfi ttinh cdng nghifip hda, hifin dai hda dien din den sy "bimg nd" tti tfuic Hfi qua li lira nhanh chdng dr nhifiu nudc ciing t?o sy cho sin xuit vi mpi linh vue ddi sdng vin hda tfiifiu hut khdng Id d tfij ttudmg lao dpng cd cQng nhu giio dye se phii ddi mdi nhanh chat xim cQng nhu cdng nhan ky tfiufit linh chdng ve nh|n tfiirc ciing nhu Idi sdng eiia n ^ e cd tti tfiurc cao Difiu niy ddi hdi hfi cpng dong Dfi tt^nh khdi l^c hau vi tfu'ch img tiidng giio dye ching nhiing phai dio tao kjp tfldi vdi sy thay ddi tihig ngiy ning gid nhiing lao dpng linh nghfi, cd ky ning tdt lira eiia sin xuat vi ddi sdng, moi ngudi va cpng chu rapt quy ttinh cong nghfi, mi cdn can dio ddng khdng tfie khdng ttang bj cho minh tao nhimg nguoi lao dpng mdi, ed kha ning nhihig kien tfiirc mdi, ky ning mdi, difiu ehinh phit ttifin vi tfu'ch img vdi su bifin ddi Ufin tyc (12) • 2014: NGHlfeN CI>U VAN H A cua thi trudng lao ddng vi mdi trudng xa hpi ciing nhu su phit trien vupt b|c cua khoa hpc cdng nghe Vifie dio tao moi v i dio t ^ lai cho mdi ci nhfin vi cpng ddng dfi thfch iing vdi vifie dich chuyfin co eau kinh tfi, ea cfiu phan cdng lao dpng, chu dpng hpi nhap van hda vdi khu vue v i thfi gioi, khdng ehi l i yfiu can cap thifit dit cho nginh giio dye, ma cdn li nhu eau chung ciia nhifiu nginh kinh tfi, vin hda, xa hpi d mdi qudc gia b Su suy giam chat lupng dio tao vi liing tting vifie djnh hudng giio due Trong thdi d^ toin cfiu hda dang dien ngiy cing m^uih me trfin rapi Enh vyc cua ddi song eic dan tpc, cic quoc gia dang td liing tung, mo ho ttong vifie xu ly vi djnh hinh mpt chifin lupc giio dye tdng thfi, dfi cd tiiifi dip iing nhirng thay ddi nhanh chdng cua thdi d^ ' T i m io giio dye" dang ttd nen eh|t chpi doi vdi s\r bien dfii nhu vii bao cua khoa hpc cdng nghfi mdi vi sy toin ciu hda Nhifiu chuyfin gia giio dye quoc te cho ring nfin giio dye hifin trd nfin Ijc h|u (ke ca nhirng nude cdng nghifip phit trien), ve ea raye tifiu, d6i tupng, co cau lin npi dung, phuong thirc giio dye c Mfiu tfiuin giua qui ttinh tit y^u ciia khu vvc hda, toin ciu hda cie ho?t dpng eua ddi s6ng qu6c te vdi vifie bio vfi vi phit huy tfnh phong phu vi da d?mg eua ban sic vin hda; cimg vdi sy chfinh Ifich ve ra|t bing dfin trf, ve trinh dp phit trifin cua cie qudc gia Cling rat khie Dilu niy dan den sy liing tting vi khd tfiong nhit ttong vifie xic djnh vi dinh gii nhiing tifiu chuin chung, ve npi dung, hinh tfuic ciing nhu chit lupng dio t^o cua nginh giio dye ttong qui ttinh hpi nh|p khu v\re vi quoc te d Van dfi tii chmh cho giio due bj h ^ ehe M|c dil cic qudc gia deu tfiiy tim quan ttpng ^ giio dye - dio tao, dfiu cd nhihig cd ging uu ^ nhit djnh, tang ngan sich cho nginh niy, "''"Pgdo nhifiu nguyfin nhfin khic nhau, kfi ca | v i khich quan, nhin chung dfiu tu vio giio dye d nhifiu quoc gia vln chua dip iing diy du cho svr phit triln toin difin cua giio dye e N?n mil chii ty lfi giam nhung s6 lupng tiiyfit d6i van tang Do s\f phfin hda giiu nghfio ngiy cing ting, tinh ti:?ng khd kifim soit ciia ty lfi gia ting dfin so a cie nudc phit trifin vi eh|ra phit tiifin, tinh tr?mg tii mil chii, bd hpc, vi lim ban dang ttd thinh van de ding bio dpng nhfit l i d cie nudc dang phit ttien Vl vay cdng tie xda n^m rail chii ludn ddi hdi ti'nh xa hpi hda cao, khdngtfifiehi li cdng vifie cua CO quan giio dye 3.2 Xu hudng phdt triin cOa gido dgc Nhung fliay ddi vfi kinh te xa hpi, ve khoa bpe cdng nghfi, ciing nhu thdi d?u toin ciu hda ttong nhung tfi|p nifin qua, ciing tiiyc tien giio dye till gidi, da bupc cie cpng dong phii thay doi nh|n thiic vfi vin hda giio dye Vin hda ngiy khdng ehi li giir gin bin sic mi edn can md cira hpi nh|p ngdi ling toin cau Giio dye ngiy da tfiay doi ci vl vai ti^, chiic ning, myc dfch, nOi dung vi ei phuang thiic Nliilu hifin tupng mdi niy sinh giio dye, nhifiu vin dl biic xde d|t mi hfi tiiong giio dye cu khdng kham nli Nhiing f tudng, quan nifim mdi ngiy cing dupc chip nh|n rpng rai a Giio dye khdng edn li d|c quyln dinh cho mpt bp ph|n cd quyln, cd tiln xa hfii mi li quyln cua mpi cdng dfin, trade hit li ciia tte em, dong tfidi eiing li nghia vy eiia mpi cdng dfin deu phii tii\re hifin giio dye bit bupc de cd trtnh dp ngiy cing cao Cimg vdi nhimg cam kfit ciia Chfnh phu vi s\f giic ng$ hpc t|p da ttd thinh nhu cau th^c svr cua ngudi dfin ttong vifietiivrehifin quyln lpi vi nghia vy hpc tap ngiy cing dupc phd bien vi hifintiivrehda ttong tfiyc tiln phit ttifin giio dye b Doi tupng cua giio dye ciing thay dli, khdng chi ttfi em mdi li ddi tupng giio dvic, mi "giio dvic cho mpi ngudi" mdi li dli tupng th|t sy vi rpng Idn hon; giio dye khdng van hda - gteo dyic va xu thi phat triln ehi nhim phit trifin nhfin cieh ciia thfi hfi trfi mi cdn "nfing cao dfin tti, dio tao nhfin Ivre, bdi dudmg nhfin tii" c Cie ho?t dpng giio dvic dupe md rpng, khdng ehi ddng khung ttong nhi ttirdng mi ttd tfiinh rapt fflih v^c boat dpng tfiu hiit svr quan tim cua toan xa hpi, tfiu hiit svr diu ttr nguon lyc tii mpi phfa ciia xa hpi d Nhilu linh vvre khoa hpc tiiam gia vio nghifin ciiu, ly giii nhirng vin dl biie xde cua giio dye Trifit hpc, xa hpi hpc, kinh tl hpc, d^o diic hpc, vin hda bpe vi nhilu nginh khoa hpc xa hpi khic Ufin quan, diu phai nh|p eupc, tfiam gia dfi IJ- giii nhiing hifin ttrpng giio dye, d|c bifit nhirng tfiinh tuu eua cdng I nghfi tfldng tin se dupc ip dyng ngiy cing rpng rai dfi nfing cao hifiu qui cda qui ttinh giio dye vi dio tao 4.1 Xa hgi hpc tfp \k f tudng cda UNESCO nfiu cich 30 nam bio cio "Hpc tap dfi tin tai" eua E Faute Theo E Faure, xa hpi hpc t|p li mpt xa hpittjongdd: Mpi ngirdi diu hpc t|p, hpc thudng xuyfin, hpc suot ddi; mpi lye lupng xa hpi diu ed tf-ich nhiem tao co hpi hpc t|p cho rapi ngudi dfin Nhu vfiy xa hdi hpc t|p eoi ttting ca hai rail quan he "Mpi ngudi cho giio due" vi "Giio due cho mpi ngudi" ludn gin bd chit ehe 4.2 i nghia cOavifcxdy dgng xd hpi hpc tgpdViftNam a Xfiy dung xi hpi hpc tap li rapt hudng di tit yfiu eua giio dye Vifit Nam, nhim "di tit ddn dfiu" nit ngin khoang cich dfi dudi kjp cic nudc phitttifinttongkhu wre vitfiegidi Dd li lpitfieeua cpng dong di sau Xfiy dvmg xa hpi hpc t|p nhim "phit ttiln mpi tilm ning e Vai trd vi vjtti'ngudi giio vifin cung ed sin ed d moi eon ngudi Vifit Nam" phit huy nhihig tfiay doi cin bin vi ngiy cing quan npi lyc eua ngudi hpc bing ty hpc, tvr rfin ttpng ban Ngudi giio vifin khdng chi tfiuin luyfin, tvr l|p nghifip, khai tfiic vi phit ttiln ttiy ttuyin d^t kientfuicmi cdn gidp cho hpc nhimg nguon lye xa hpitfiychifin cdng nghifip vifin cich tfiue tilp e|n cic kiln tinie rpng Idn hda, hifin d^i hda dit nudc bfin ngoii nhi trudng Giio vifin vi hpc vifin b Xfiy dvmg xa hpi hpc t|p gdp phin tfiilt cdng hpp tic, hpc t|p, khim phi vi sing t?o tfivrc gin ket giiia myctifiuphit ttien kinh tl vdi phit triln van hda xi hpi ttin phfun vi ei Hudng vl xa hpi hpc t|p nude vi tiing dja phuang, dudi svr lanh d?o Trudre tfiyc tr?ng nhiing fliich tfuic cua tiling nhit tii ttung uong tdi dja phuang, vdi giio dye tfifi gidi vi tfivre tien cua giio dye su phoi bpp ch|t ehe cda cic b$ ban nginh, Vifit Nam, Vifit Nam dang tim cich doi mdi doin thfi toin difin nginh giio dye Tuy nhien nhu n^n e Xfiy dyng xa hpi bpe t ^ ehfnh li t?io chdng tdi da di c|p, tfui nhit sy nghifip giio dye khdng ehirifingciia nginh giio dye, mi li mditiirdngtiiu|nlpi huy dpng siic ni?uih tong sy nghifip eua toin xa h$i, eua ttjin Dang toin hpp cda dan tpc, phit huy ttuyin tiiong hieu dfin Thii hai nin giio dye dupe ddi mdi phii hpc, tdn svr trpng dao cua din tpc ehu dpng khai tfiic eo hpi eda tfidi d^ toin d Xay dvmg xi hpi hpc tfip chfnh Ii hifn cau hda,tfu'chiing vdi svr phitttifinm^nh mfi tiivre hda chdttirongxa hpi hda giio dye ci vl cua khoa hpc cdng nghfi vi phd hpp vdi ttinh myc tieu, npi dung, phuang phip giio dye, cd dp phit ttiln vl chfnh tti - kinh tl - van hda - ti'nh dfin d|c thd cic vung miln vi ci nhfin xi hpi, dd cd ci ttuyin tfiing van hda ngudi di hpc dl cd nhihig bifin phip Uii vi dfin tOc VI v|y nin giio dye mudn ddi mdi hifiu qua nhit toin difin phai hudng vl mpt xa hpi hpc t|p e Xfiy dvng xa hpi hpc t|p chfnh li gdp nhu m$t quy lu|t tit yfiu cua vin hda giio dye phan tfiay doi co ehfi quan \f giio dye hifin nhfin lo^i nay, tfieo hudng phfin d p quin \f numh cho (12) - 2014: NGHlfeN CIJU VAN HOA cic CO sd giio due vi cic dia phuong dfi tang cudng tfnh tvr chd vi tvr chiu ttich nhifm eua cic CO sd giio due 4.3 Nhirng bifn phdp xay dgng xd hpi hpc tgpdViftNam Van hda giio due Vifit Nam dang thuc hifn ddi mdi toin difin vi trifit dfi hudng vl sy phit trien Tuy nhifin lung tung vfi dinh hudng phit triln (day li vin n ^ cda ea the gidi) nginh giio dye Vifit Nam lai tifip tyc quan tfim den ddi radi chuang ttinh sich giio khoa, mpt ttong nhung van dfi quan ttpng cda giio dye Tuy nhifin ddi mdi sich giio khoa chi li doi mdi phan ngpn vi tifip tyc gfiy ton kfim khdng ft tiln cda nhfin dfin Muon dfii mdi toin difin vi ttifit dl ve giio dye, phii tfnh dfin ei nhirng yeu tl bfin ngoii (toin ciu hda, khoa hpc cdng nghfi bilng nd, xu thi chung vl giio dye till gidi) lin nhiing nhfin to bfin Irong (chfnh tii kinh tl, vin hda xa hpi vi ban tfifin nen giio dye Vifit Nam) E)di mdi giio dye toin difin d Vifit Namtiirdchit phii doi mdi tu duy, doi mdi myctifiu,chuong trtnh npi dung vi phuong phip d?iy vi hpc, chutfifiday vi hpc, da d^g hda binh thuK dio t?o, ting cudng diu ttrttangtiiifitbj co sd v|t chat vi cudi cdng li xfiy dvmg nip vin hda hpc t|p cho toin xa hpi de hudng tdi xfiy dvmgraptxa hpi hpc t|p, phd hpp vdi nen kinh tettitfiiiesip tdi nghifip mifin li cd nhu cfiu bpe t$p diu cd thi Ivra ehpn npi dung vi phuang thirc hpc [rtid hpp Con ngudi d^y ngoii nhiing ngudi thiy d^t chuin su pham, cdn ca nhiing ed hilu bilt hom cd thi ttd tfiinh ngudi thiy, hudng din hpc t|p, nghi nghifip cho mpi ngudi - Day vi hpc eii gi chfnh li xic dinh npi dung hpc tip Vdi ttilt ly giio dye cho so it, npi dung d?y vi hpc ludn dupc ca quan giio dye ho^ch djnh vi quan ly ehJt ehe, nhu phip lfinh, khdng mpt ed quyln thay ddi Nfii dung niy dupc cy tfil hda d chuang ttinh moi nginh, mli mdn, moi lop, mdi cip hpc, theo nhung tiidi gian quy djnh tuin ty Vi v|y ngudi hpc phii hpc Ufin tyc theo eic khda trtnh mdi dupc kit tiidc vi phii hpc ci nhung kiln tiiuc khdng can tiiilt doi vdi hp Cdn vdi ttifit ly giio dye cho mpi ngudi, n^i dung giio dye phii vita phong phd viia linh ho^it, dl dip ling dupc nhu ciu da djmg eda ngudi hpc vi cda tfij oirdmg lao dpng Vi v|y chuong ttinh mdi cin dupc tfiilt kltfieohpc phin, tfn chi dl ngudi hpc ed thi hpc sudt ddi vi hpc nhiing dieu hp thiy cfin - D^iy vi hpc nhu till nio li van de to chue qui tiinh cung nhu phuang phip d^y vi hpc Theo tiilt ly giio dye cho so ft, qui tiinh d?y vi hpc phii dupc tiln hinh theo tting ldp, tiing khda, timg cip dio t?io Cdn phuang a Dli mdi tit duyttxmggiio dye, chfnh li phip d?iy vi hpc cdng dupc quy djnh tiieo phii xera l^i nilt 1;^ giio dye cho phd hpp vdi nguygn tic su ph^m chat ehe dvrattfinea sd tfldi d^i mdi Ndi tdi trilt ly giio dye li xem v|t chat vi phuang tifin d?iy hpc phd hpp xfit hpc day, hpc eii gi hpc nhutfifinio, Triet \f giio dye cho mpi ngudi, ddi hdi quy hpc dl lim gi, hpc Idc nio, d dfiu tit ei diu tiinh ciing nhu phuong phip d?y vi hpc phii cin doi mdi het siic linh ho?it, tiiy thupc vio dilu kifin vi - Ai hpc vi d^y li ylu to quan ttpng diu nhu cfiu cda ei ngudi d?y vi ngudi hpc VI tifin ciu tfiinh giio dye Tuy nhifin tiilt Xf v|y cic lo^i hinh giio dye cin dupc da d|uig giio dye d?y cho rapt so ft, ngudi hpc phii hda nhu giio dye thudng xuyfin, dio t^o tu xa, tiifintfiuhpctfieotimgcap hpctiiytfieottinh dio t^o lifin tiidng dp vi Iliattifii,cdn ngudi day phii Ii ngudi - Hpc de lim gi li ndi tdi myc dfch eda sy dupe dio t?o CO bantfieochuin raye su pham hpc Cd nhieu nhi giio dye mau myc ludn nhat djnh Cdn ttilt ly giio dye cho mpi ngudi, nhie nhd ngudi hpc ttudc tfiinh d^t, hiy bit ky khdng phfin bifit uidi tic, nghi "hpc lim Ngudi", m$t myc dfch daytfnhnhfin van hoa - giio dgc va xu thi phat triln vin eua giao due ttuyin tfidng Vifit Nam Theo ttifit ly giao due cho sd ft, ngudi hpc cdt dfi lay raanh bing dl ed tfifi cd viec lam sudt ddi vi cd dja vi nhfit dinh ttong xa hpi Cdn raye dfch hpc tfieo ttilt ly giao dye cho sd ddng rit phong phu Ngoii vifie liy bing dl di lira, ngudi hpc cdn mudn nfing cao ttinh dp dl tiu'ch irng vdi svr bien ddi qua nhanh eua cdng vifie va khoa hpc ky tfiuat, hp cdng ching cin Ifiy bing vi c6 tfil hpc d mpi noi mpi lue Dilu niy ddi hdi co sd dio tao phai tfiilt ke nhilu npi dung vi loai hinh giio due di dip ling myc dfch hpc da dang eua ca cpng dong - Hpc vio luc n - , d dfiu li ndi tdi nhimg quy djnh vl tfidi gian vi khdng gian td chiic [day vi hpc Triet ly giio dye cho so ft, ddi hdi vifie d?y vi hpc phii dupc tien hinh tfieo mpt tfldi gian bifiu quy djnh chit ehe tfieo rapt khda ttinh, ttong rapt khdng gian ttirdng ldp ey tiie Cdn trifit ly giio dye cho mpi ngudi thi yfiu cau ea vl tfidi gian vi khdng gian diu hit sue mira deo vi linh boat Tit ca thupc sy tiida tfiu|n cua ngudi hpc vi sy dip ung cda ngudi d^y Rd ring ttilt ly giio dye cho sd ddng phai dupe djnh hudng ttung toin bp hfi tfidng vi npi dung giio dye Nd phai tfiara nhuin toin difin tir tu ttrdng giio dye dfin npi dung phuong phip vi eic lo?i hinh giio dye b c i n xfiy dung nfip "vin hda hpc t|p" cho toin tfifi cpng dong Dl ed mpt xa hpi hpc tip, khdng tfifi khdng xfiy dvmg nfip "vin hda hpc tip" cho tit ca mpi ngudi Nhu ciu hpc tip tfiudng xuyen, hpc suit ddi cin dupe mpi nguoi nh|n tfuic nhu mpt nhu ciu song, rapt IS sdng Ci xa hpi cdng ty giic va say rafi hpc t|p, trude hit eic cip chfnh quyfin, doin tfil, cic nhi giio dye, quan Iy giio dye ein nh|n tfiuc difiu niy, cin ho^ich djnh dudng ldi chfnh sich v|n d$ng myfin ttuyfin ttfin mpi phuong tifin ttuyfin tiidng, lim cho mpi ngudi tfiiy dupc Ipi ich cua vifie hpc, y tfiuc tvr giic hpc tip tfiam sfiu vio toin till cpng ddng, ttd tfiinh mdt tfldi quen, mpt nhu ciu kbit khao kifin tfiirc eda ttiin xa hpi, nhu v|y da hinh tfianh dupe nq> vin hda hpc t|p cpng dong Dfiy ehfnh litfivrcchit cda van hda giao due va no quylt djnh svr bai cda giio dye c Xfiy dvmg dpi ngu nhiing ngudi lim cong tic giio due viia dong dio vira cd nang Ivre, cd nhifit huylt dfi dip ung nhu ciu hpc t|p eua ca cpng ddng Thiic tiln giio dye Vifit Nam, radi ehi dao tao vii trifiu hpc sinh, sd lupng giio vifin dio tao vln chua dip ung dupc kl ea vfi sd lupng lln chfit lupng Neu nhu ddi mdi giio dye, can dip iing nhu ciu hpc tap cho toin xi hpi hing ttifiu nifiu ngudi, tfil sd lupng giio vifin se Ii mpt tfiieh tfiire Idn Vl vay Nhi nude vi ttyc tiep li nginh giio dye phai ed chiin lupc dii ban cho cdng tic dio t ^ giio vifin Cd nhifin di kfira vdi ehiln lupc niy cin cd nhimg ehi'nh sich phu hpp dl dpng vifin hp say me hit Idng vdi cdng tic giio dye d Can lya ehpn nhihig npi dung phd hpp voi tiing ttinh dp, tting doi nrpng, timg cpng ddng dan eu, ting vdng miln Vifie lya ehpn kifin tfidrc vira ed npi dung khoa bpe, tifin tifin lai vita frfiong phu da d?ng, li mpt khfiu quan tipng dim bao vira phit ttiln kinh tfi xa h^i vua tfiu hut ngudi hpc ting eudng hifiu qui giio dye cho toin cpng ddng e Can rafira hda hfi tfiing giio dye chfnh quy vi da d^ng hda hfi phi chfnh quy Giii quyfit tdt moi quan hfi niy ehi'nh li nhim hudmg tdi rapt xa hpi bpe t|p Hfi thfing giio dye chfnh quy vln cin giii vai ttd chu d^io vdi nhung chuin rauc cho ea hfi tiiong giio dye qudc dan Tuy nhifin di phd hpp vdi rapt xa hpi hpc tap, till hf chfnh quy can dupc mim deo Unh ho^t ban dfi dip ung nhu cfiu hpc suit ddi cho mpi ngudi Bfin canh cin md rpng hfi giio dye phi chinh quy vdi nhifiu Io?ii hinh da dang vi tt^ rpng khip eic vdng miln ttong ca nudc, ke ca ttong cpng ding quoc tfi nlu 10 cd nhu cau tfm hifiu ve Viet Nam dgu de ding tifip nh|n dupe ldfin thue 2(12)-2014:NGHlfeN CCrU VAN H A Tii U|u tfiam khio chfnh Trin Lfi Bao (chu bifin), Vdn hda sinh thdi g c i n quan tfim tdi dilu kifin eo sd vfit nhdn vdn, Nxb D?i hpc Su ph^m, 2005 chit dl trifin khai vifie giio due cho mpi Tran Lfi Bao, Gido trinh Nhgp mdn Khu vuc ngudi thu|n lpi nhit Nhung difiu ldfin hpc hgc vd Vift Nam hpc, Nxb D»i hpc Su ph»m, 2013 tap nhu CO sd vat chit, trang thilt bj da dam Tran Lfi Bio, Ddi thogi vdn hda vd giU gin bao cho hifiu qui chat lupng cda viec hpc bdn sac vdn hda ddn tpc Tsp chf Cpng san difin ni Ngoii nhiing co sd v|t chit nhu trudng ldp, 5-2013 can quan tfim v i phd cap nhung phuang tifin D/nh huang chiin lupc phdt triin bin ving nghe nhin nhu internet gidp cho nhilu ddi a Vift Nam (Chuong trinh nghj sy 21 ciia Vifit tupng hpc tap ed thfi tifip c|n dupc vdi svr Nam), 2004 bpe Tuy nhifin dau tu tii chfnh cho giio dye Pham Van Dire, Phdt huytinhthdn ddn tgc cung li mpt nguyfin nhan quan ttpng quylt boi cdnh loan cdu hda a Vif I Nam hifn nay, djnh hifiu qui giio dye Diu tu tii ehfnh cho Trifit hpc so 8-2004 giio dye cung l i diu tu dii lfiu cho vin hda Trin Ngpc Mifiu, Nhiing vdn di dgt vdi ngudi Vift Nam xu thi todn cdu hda, T?p chf Cfing san, s6 20-2004 Tdm l^i, vin hda giio dye ludn ed svr gin Nguyen Nggc Phii, Tiin lai mpt xa hpi hqc < bd chft ehe Giio dye Vifit Nam muon phit tiiln cin xuit phit tii tinh hinh tfiyc tifin cda tgp a Vift Nam, Nxb Djii hpc Quoc gia Hi Nfii, 2005 the gidi vi ttong nudc, djnh hudng xfiy dvmg Thdp ky gido due vi suphdt triin bin vUng, vin hda hpc t|p vi xa hpi hpc t|p di chufin bj cho nin kinh tl tti tinie vi hpi nh|p quoc tfi Lien hpp qudc 2005-2014 Muln dupe nhu v|y tfil nginh giio dye khdng Nguyin Dinh Tudng, Gii? gin vd phdt huy tfie khdng dli mdi toin difin tir tu tdi raye gid tri van hda truyen thdng a Vift Nam trude Idc tifiu, npi dung phuong phip vi da dang hda dpng da todn cdu hda, Trilt hpc, si 5-2005 cic ho?i hinh dio t^oJ 10 UNESCO 1999, Todn cdu hda vdi van hda Vifin Thdng tin Khoa hpc, Hpc vifin Chfnh ttj T.L.B Quic gia Hi Chf Minh, tiling 7-2000 Trin Lfi Bio: Culture • Education and development tendencies Education and culture always connect to each other closely In order to renovate educational culture perfectly, we should thoroughly understand outer conditions (globalization, technology and science, trends of global education) and inner conditions (economics and politics, social culture and educational tradition) Perfect renovation for development of educational culture is renovation of educational philosophy, building an educational culture for community, paying attention to human factor in education as well as infrastmcture for education to meet demands of the knowledge economy Key words: Educational culture, educational philosophy, learning society ... Nam xu thi todn cdu hda, T?p chf Cfing san, s6 20-2004 Tdm l^i, vin hda giio dye ludn ed svr gin Nguyen Nggc Phii, Tiin lai mpt xa hpi hqc < bd chft ehe Giio dye Vifit Nam muon phit tiiln cin xuit... mfi da dem Ijii nhirng co hpi vi tfiieh tfuic cho mdi dfin tpc Toin ciu hda, hpi nhgp qudc t^ li xu tfie tit yeu ciia tfidi d?i d$t cho moi quoc gia dfin tpc, radi cpng ddng cu dfin vi radi ci... binh ding bic ii vi xfiy dyng mpt xa hpi dfin sy cua eic ninic phit trien van hoa - g i ^ due v^ xu thi phat trien ngiy cing ed anh hudng sau rdngttfintfifigidi, den cac nude dang phit ttifin Cie