Anh hu'dng cua hanh vi cong dan to chiJc den hieu qua thu'c hien cong viec cua nhan vien tai cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam PHAN THI THANH HIEN" Tom tat Vdi muc tieu xdc dinh cdc yeu td OCB (Organizational citizenship behavior) tam dich Id "Hdnh vi cong ddn td chdc" cd dnh hudng nhu the ndo den hiiu qud thuc hi$n cdng viec cua nhdn vien, tdc gid dd tien hdnh xdy dUng md hinh nghiin cdu dua trin ca sd cdc nghien cdu irudc day vdi bay bien doc lap bao gom: Su gidp dd, Su cao thuang Long trung thdnh, Su tan tdm, Su khdi xudng, Phdm hanh cong ddn, Tuphdt triin bdn thdn Vdi kit qud cua nghiin cdu, ba thdnh td: Phdm hanh, Su tan tdm vd Tu phdt trien bdn thdn duac hap nhdt lai thdnh mot nhdn id vdi ten "Si/ tan tdm vdi cdng viec vd td chdc"se co dnh hudng di'n hieu qua thuc hien cdng viec cua nhdn vien tai cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam TU khoa: hdnh vi cong ddn td chdc, hieu qud thuc hien cdng viec cua nhdn vien, vai trd cda hdnh VI cdng ddn to chdc Summary With the goal of identifying how the elements of organizational citizenship behavior affect task performance, the author conducts a research model based on previous studies wilh seven independent variables: Helping, Sportmanship Loyalty, Conscientiousness, Initiative, Virtue, Self-development Three elements including Virtue, Conscientiousness and Self-development are merged into only one variable named "Conscientiousness to job and organization ", which make impact on the performance of employees in Vietname.'ie enterprises Keywords: organizational citizenship behavior, performance of employees, the role of organizational citizenship behavior Gldl THIEU Theo Organ va ctg (2006), OCB du'dc hieu Ik hanh vi hoan toan tif nguyen cua ngifdi lao dpng, cd tac ddng tich cu'c dd'n hieu qua hoat ddng chung cua td chifc Van de dat la nd'u xet trdn phu'dng dien ca nhan ngu'di lao ddng, ne'u ho danh thdi gian cua minh vao viec giup dd ngifdi khdc, quan tam tdi cac boat ddng ngoai cdng vide thi hieu qua thifc hien cua hp cd thay d6i hay khdng? Va thay doi theo chieu hifdng nao? De lam rd van de nay, nghien ciJu tap trung phan tich tac ddng cua OCB de'n hieu qua thifc hidn cdng viec cua nhan vidn tai cac doanh nghidp Viet Nam d cac tinh ihupc O Ddng Nam Bd (Binh Difdng, Binh Phu-de va Dong Nai) va Tay Nam Bp (Can Thd Long An, Bd'n Tre, VTnh Long) Ke't qua cua nghidn ciJu se la cd sd de du'a mot so'kie'n nghi cho cac doanh nghiep Viet vide xay difng van hda ifng xu' vdi nhiJng OCB phij hdp, nham dam bao hidu qua hoat ddng cua doanh nghidp ndi chung va viec Ihifc bien cdng viec cua ngu'di lao ddng ndi neng CO sO LY THUYET VA PHU'DNG PHAP NGHIEN CLfU Casdly thuyet vd khung phdn tich Trong nghidn cifu nay, tac gia ke' thifa vii xay du'ng mo hinh OCB bao gdm to' difdc di xua'l eudn •'Organizational Citizenship Behavior: In Nature, ""nS Tri/ang D • ioc SiJ pham Ky lluwt TP Ho Chi/^inli Erntiii M-npn': h-nini au v Ngay nhiin bar 22/01/2017 Ngay phdn bien 17/03/2017 Ngiiv duyei dang: 20/03/2017 EMUomy and FOICL.ISI Review HiNH: MO HINH NOHIEri Cfla D E XOAT Sy giilp (SGD) Sir cao thirgmg (SCT) Long trung thinh (LTT) Hi^u qua thyc hiSn c6ng viSc S^iMintam(Sl 1) Su khcri xudng (SKX) Ph5m hgnh (PH) Ti^ phdt triSn ban than (TPTBT) BAMG 1: KET QUA PHAN TICH CRONBACH'S ALPHA Cronbach's Alpha BiS'n quan sat 869 SGD 1, SGD SGD3, SGD 778 SCTl SCT2, SCT3, SCT4 Sif cao thu'dng 618 LTT1,LTT2, LTr4 Long trung 754 STT2, STT3, STT4 Sif tgn tam 810 SKXl SKX2 SKX3, SKX4 Sirkhdixifdng 853 Pham hanh PHI.PH2,PH3,PH4 TPTL TPT2, TPT3, TPT4 Tif phdt trien ban than 785 HCV1,HCV3,HCV4 847 Hi6u qua thifc hien conE viec K^^g^^ Sifgiiipda Ngu Antecedents, and Consequences" cua Organ va ctg (2006): Su giup dd: di/dc nhieu hpc gia dat ten la "Su" tan linh" (Altruism) du'dc hieu la hanh vi san sang giiip dd nhiJng dong nghiep ho gap khd khan cdng viec d to ehtJc, ye'u id' da difde de xua't va kiem dinh bdi mdt so'cac hpc gia: Bateman va ctg (1983); Smith va ctg (1983); Podsakoff va ctg (1990); Van Dyne va elg (1994); Moorman va ctg (1995) Su cao thuang: la nhiJng hanh vi cua ngifdi lao dpng lidn quan dd'n vide chap nhan, khdng phan nan td ehiJc VI nhiing ihiJ nhd nhat Yd'u to' du'dc xay dmig cac nghien cihi cua Podsakoff va elg (1990); Podsakoffva ctg (1994) Long trung thdnh: cd hpe gia dat ten id la "Sif nhSn bie't vdi cdng ty" - du'dc hieu la vide nhan vien ludn mud'n difdc lam vide tai td chiJe, cd'gSnglam cho uy tin cua td chtfc mdt Idn hdn, day la ye'u td' da difdc difa nghien eiJu cua Van Dyne va elg, (1994): Moorman va ctg (1995) 5M' tdn tdm: la hanh vi ludn tuan thtj vifdt mu'c quy dinh cija id chifc ve gid giac lam viec, cac nhidm vu phai tham gia cac quy dinh Sif tan lam du'dc de difa nghien ciJu bdi Bateman va ctg (1983); Podsakoff va elg (1990); Farb va ctg (1997) Su khdi xudng: la nhifng hanh vi du'a nhffng y tu'dng va ddng gdp ve sif cai tid'n, phat trien nham nang cao hieu qua hoat ddng cung nhif thtic day nhiJng cii nhan khac difa y lu'dng Ye'u to' du'dc du'a bdt boc gia Moorman va ctg (i 995) Phdm hanh: la nhiJng hanh vi lien quan de'n viec tham gia mdt each ed iraeh nhidm va cd tinh than xay dung dd'i \ di moi boat dpng cua td ehifc Ye'u td du'dc de xua'l nghien ciJu ciia Podsakoff va ctg (1990); Podsakoff va ctg (1994), 54 Tuphdt trien ban thdn: la hanh vi tif minh chfi ddng tim cic cdch thifc, phiTdng pMp nham nSng cao kie'n thifc, ky nSng ciia ban thSn cdng vide Yeu to n^y difcfc difa bed Organ v^ ctg (2006) CambeU va ctg., (1990) dtfa hidu qud thyc hidn cdng vide la miJe dd th&nh thao ciia c^c c& nhan thi/c hidn cdc ndi dung hay ky diuSt cdt loi ciaa nhSng nhidm vu pham vi cdng vide cifia minh Dura trdn cd sd ket qua cua nhiftig nghidn cifu tru'dc diy, tac gid du'a md hinh nghidn ciJu de xud't nhtf Hinh Phdongphdp nghidn cdu Nghien culi dtfdc tid'n hdnh khao sat vdi 210 ngtfdi lao ddng dang lam vide cdc doanh nghidp cdc tinh thudc tinh Ddng Nam Bd (Binh Dtfdng, Binh Phtfdc va Dong Nai) vd tinh Tdy Nam bd (Cin Thd, Long An, Bd'n Tre, VTnh Long) Thdi gian nghien ciJu tiJf thdng 03/2016 dd'n thdng 10/2016 So phid'u phdt va thu ve la 210, dd ed 26 phieu khdng hdp le Dt? lidu thu thdp dtfdc xuf 1^ thdng qua phIn mem SPSS Vdi thang Likert mtfc dp ttf - "Cu'c kj khdng ddng tinh" dd'n - "Cifc ky dong tinh" (bdi viet sddung cdch vie't sdthdp phdn iheo chudn qudc ti') KET QUA THAO LUAN NGHIEN CLfU VA Phdn tich dQtinc$y Cronbach's Alpha Vdi kd't qua Cronbach's Alpha, cd 03 bid'n quan sal bi loai khoi thang bao gdm; LTT3, STTl, HCV2 ttfdng quan vdi bid'n tdng nhd hdn 0.3 (Bang 1) Phdn tich nhdn to'khdm phd Phan tich nhan td' kham pha dtfdc thifc hien Ian Itfdt vdi cac bid'n doe Idp va bie'n phu ihupc bdng phtfdng phap Principal Component Analysis va phep quy Varimax, ke't qua: Ddi vdi thang bie'n doc lap: Vdi gia tri KMO = 0.871 va' p = 0.000 < 0.05 eho tha'y dtf lieu ihich hdp de phan tieh nhan to Cac bie'n quan sal: SKXl SKX2, SKX3, SKX4, SCT3, SCT4, LTTl, TPT4 bi loai khoi thang vdi ly do: cac bie'n eung liic giai thich cho hdn nhdn td' 18 thang dodtfde giiJ lai dtfdc phan nhan id' vdi gia iri Eigenvalues tich my la 66.583% Nhdn tdi: dtfdc giai thich bdi eac bid'n quan sat: PHI, PH2, PH3 PH4 STT2 STT3 STT4 TPTl, TPT2, TPT?" Co thi BANG 2: KET QUA PHAN TICH NHAN TO ihCy, nhdn id Id stf tdng hdp cua cac ' Nlian to 'Wi^H thang ciia cac bie'n: Pham hanh, Stf Bien quan sat tan tam vd Ttf phdt hi^n bdn thdn Nhan 833 PH2 id tdng hdp ndy dtfde d§t tdn mdi Id: Su PH4 833 tan tdm vdi cong viic vd tdchdc, the hien STT2 784 stf tan tdm cdng vide eua nhdn PH3 778 vidn, kip thdi vide nam bat thdng TPT2 769 763 tin cua td chdc cung ntai nhUng thay doi STr3 TPr3 722 mdi nghi nghidp (Bang 2), TPTl 718 Nhdn td 2: Stf giup &d, bao gom eac STr4 623 bidnquan sdt SGDl, SGD2, SGD3, SGD4 PHI 588 Nhdn id 3: Stf cao thtfdng, bao gdm SGD2 888 SGDl 861 cac bie'n quan sat SCTl, SCT2 SGD3 824 Nhdn td4: Long trung thanh, bao gdm SGD4 326 694 cac bid'n quan sat LTT2, LTT4 SCTl 876 Ddi vdi thang bii'n phu thudc: SCT2 866 He sdKMO = 0.724, p = 0,000 < 0.05, LTT4 857 852 ba bid'n quan sat HCVl, HCV3, HCV4 LTT2 difdc xd'p nhan to' nha't vdi gia tri Eigen tich lOy: 76.8% BANG 3: KET QUA KIEM DINH Stf PHO HOP CdA MO HINH Ke't qud phdn tich md hinh hoi quy T^ng cac Binh phUdng Mo hinh df F Sig Kd'l qua bang cho tha'y gia thuye't binh phifdng trung binh Hoi quy H^; p^ = Pi = P, = p^ = p^ = (md hinh 54 69.'! 13.674 34.146 000^ Phan dif khong CO y nghTa) bi bac bd NghTa la ed 71.680 179 400 mdi quan he giiJa 04 yd'u to Stf tan tam Tong 26.374 183 vdi cdng vide va td chtfc, Stf giup dd, Stf a BiendK lin: (Hcing \ii) Liingininglhaiih Sugiiiptio SiK iioihiioi V, Tanlcimi'(>icoiii,n'iei vaioi hue cao thtfdng, Long trung vdi Hieu qua thtfc hidn cdng viec cua nhan vidn b Bien pim ilnioc: Hieiiiiuaihiirhiciici Kd'l qua kiem dinh md hinh hdi quy cho tha'y, he so R- hieu chinh dat gia in BANG 4, KET QGA KIEM DINH HOI QOY 0,433, dieu cd nghTa la eac bid'n doe R R Mo Sai so'chuan Durbinlap giai thich difdc 43.3% stf thay ddi R Binh Binh phifdng hinh cua u'dc lu'dng Watson ctia bie'n phu thude (Bang 4), phifOng hieu chinh DtJa vao kd't qua kiem dinh eac hd so' 658-' 433 421) ,63281 725 cua md binh hdi quy, cbi cd "Stf tdn tam a Bie'n di( bdo (Hung wf, Longinmgihoiih Siigiii/ido vdi cdng vide va id ehtfc" lac ddng cd y Siicaoihiiong, Taiiltimvou oiigviccvalochuc nghTa de'n hieu qua ihtfc hidn cdng vide cua nhan vien vdi hd so' beta = 0,633, b Bii'n phu lliiioc Hienqiiciilnichwiitv (Sig = 000) Cac nhan td'cdn lai md hinh bao gdm: Stf gitip dd, Stf cao thtfdng va Long trung lac ddng ten mdi cho td' la "Stf tan liim vdi cdng viec klidng cd y nghTa dd'n hieu qua thtfc hien va id chtfc" Cd the tha'y tren ihtfe le'rang, mpt nhan cdng vide ciia nhan vien vidn ludn cd trach nhiem vii imh than xay difng vao tie'n trinh boat dpng cua td ehtfc (cd dtfdc pham hanh) KET LUAN VA KHUYEN NGHI thi ban than bo se ludn tuan thii vifdt mtfc quy dmh cua GIAI PHAP td chtfc ve gid giac iilm vide, cae nhiem vu phai tham gia (co dtfdc stf tan tam), Dtfa vao kd'l qua nghien etfu, co the Thd hai, tren ihife le', neu mpl ca nhan cd stf tan dtfa ke't luan sau lam \di cdng MCC va id ehtfc bo se co nhtfng de xua't ^ Thdnhdt, ve stf hdp nha't ci'ta ba nham cat thien de niing cao hidu qua hoat ddng eiia ddi to: Pham hanh cdng dan, Stf tan lam nhdm, td chtfc (stf khdi xtfdng), Nhtfng phai hidn \_a Ttf phat trie'n ban than Cd the tha'y phil hdp vdt nhan dinh ciia Organ vii ctg, l20(l6i cli) lii rang vide phiin dinh giiJa 03 Ihanh id can cd Ihdm cac nghien ctfu dd xac dinh chinh xac ca'u khdng ihtfc stf rach roi Cac thang de Irtic cua OCB Itfdng ba bie'n deu co he sd liii Vdi bid'n ddc lap dtfa vao nghien ctfu hdi quy chi cho mdt nhan td nhat va deu Idn hdn CO bie'n "Stf tan lam vdi cdng viec va id chtfc" tac ddng ? - la mtfc tai nhan to' co y nghTa thifc cd y nghTa de'n hieu qua Ihtfc hien cdng viec ciia nhan ndn Tren cd sd nay, tae gia da de xua'l vien vdi he sd = 0,633 55 qua hoat dong cua td chtfc va hidu qua thtfc hien cdng vide ci3a nhSn vien Hai'ld, qud tnnh tuyen dung, doanh nghidp nen xay dtfng cac tieu chi, cdng cu dinh gid hffu hidu t | p trung vao thai dd cua dsg vien, nhtf: thtfc stf yeu thich va nhidt'thanh vdi cdng viec; cd y thtfc ttf gidc thtfc hien nhOng quy dinh cung nhtf quan tSm tdi nhitog stf thay ddi cua td chtfc; y thd'c dtfdc vai tro va ttf hpc tip nang cao trinh dp, phat tri^n ban than de ng^y cang hoan thien hdn vd kie'n thtfc, ky nSng va thai dp ein thid't cho cdng vide Ba Id, cdc chtfdng tiinh dao tao ben doanh nghiep phai dam bao dtfdc ndi dung dao tao thdi dd, hanh vi song song vdi dao tao ky nang cdng vide Qua nghidn ctfu nay, c6 the ndi rang, vide Itfa chpn mdt cd nhan cd kinh nghidm ihdi ehtfa du, doanh nghidp ndn chpn nhffng cd nhan cd trinh dd, cd vi tri quan ly va mtfc Itfdng cao Viec se hd trd cho nhtfng nhan vien mdi khdng nhffng ve kid'n thtfc, ky nang chuyen mdn ma nhffng OCB td't Vdi stf kdm cdp eua nhifng ca nhan dd, nhan vidn mdi se hoc tap dtfde nhffng OCB va cdch thtfc lam vide hidu qua ttf hp.Q Ke't qua cho thay, neu cac td chtfc muo'n tao l§p mpt mdi trtfdng lam viec tot thdng qua xay dtfng OCB thi dieu trtfde hdt phai quan tSm dd la Stf tan tam vdi eong vide va td chiJc Vi td^ khdng chi anh htfdng dd'n hieu qua boat dpng cua td chd'c ma cdn try'c tiep tao hieu qua thtfc hien cdng vide cao cho nhSn vidn vdi hd sd ttfdng quan da chu£n hda la 0.633 Dd'i vdi 03 nhan td lai: Stf gidp dd, Stf eao thtfdng va Long trung th^nh t^c ddng khong cd y nghia dd'n hidu qua thtfc hidn cdng vide cua ahkn vien Nhtf vay, cd the kd't luan r^ng, nd'u ngtfdi lao ddng cd dtfdc stf tan tam vdi cdng viec va td ehiJc thi khdng nhiJng hp gian tie'p giup hieu qua cua td chtfc tang Idn ma ban than hidu qua thtfc hien eong viec cua hp eung se tang Ngoai ra, vide hp gidp dd ddng nghidp tai ndi lam vide, cao thtfdng (khdng phan n^n td chtfc vi nhiing thtf nhd nhat) va trung vdi doanh nghiep se gidn tid'p giup hidu qua to chtfc tang Idn va khdng he phtfdng hai gi de'n hidu qua thtfc hien cong vide cua ca nhan hp Kd't qua nghien ctfu cho th3'y, 03 nhan to': Pham hanh, Stf tan tam va Ttf phai trien ban than dtfdc hdp nha't lai mdt nhan td'vdi tdn "Stf tan tam vdi cdng vide va id chtfc" se cd dnh htfdng dd'n hidu qua thtfc bien cdng vide cua nhan vidn Tae gia dtfa mdt so' bam y cho eac nha quan tri, dd la: Mot Id, cac doanh nghidp ndn tEip trung vao viee x3y dtfng van hda dng xtf Irong doanh nghidp, IS'y OCB lam nen tang Vide se cd lac dung nang eao hidu TAI LIEU THAMKHAO _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Bateman, T S., & Organ, D W (1983) Job satisfaction and the good sodier: The relationship betvi'een affect and employee "citizenship" Academy of Management Journal, 26, 587-595 Cambell, J P., MeHenry, J J,, & Wise, L L (1990) Analyses of criterion measures: The modeling of performance Personnel Psychology, 43, 313-343 Farh, J L,, Barley, P C , & Lin, S, C (1997J Impetus for action: A cutural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society Administrative Science Quarterly, 42{3), 421-444 Moorman, R H., & Blakely, G L (1995) Individualism-collectivism as an individual difference predictor of organizational eilizensbip behavior Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(2),127-142 Organ D, W„ Podsakoff, P.M., & MacKenzie, S B (2006) Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature Antecedents, and Consequences, Los Angeles: Sage Pubbcations, Inc Podsakoff, P M , & MacKenzie, S B (1994) Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: a review and suggestions for future sesearch Human Performance, 10(2), 133-151 7, Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S B., Moorman, R H., & Fetter, R (1990) Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors, Lefl QH(//-re/-/y, 1, 107-142 8, Smith, C A., Organ, D W„ & Near, J P (1983) Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 653-663 Van Dyne L., & LePine, T A (1998) Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity Academy of Management Journal 41(1), 108-1 19 10 Van Dyne, L., Graham, L W , & Dienesch, R M (1994), Organizational citizenship behavior Construct redefinition, measurement and validation Academy of management Journal 37 765-802 56 ... dtfde d§t tdn mdi Id: Su PH4 833 tan tdm vdi cong viic vd tdchdc, the hien STT2 784 stf tan tdm cdng vide eua nhdn PH3 778 vidn, kip thdi vide nam bat thdng TPT2 769 763 tin cua td chdc cung ntai... "Stf tan liim vdi cdng viec klidng cd y nghTa dd'n hieu qua thtfc hien va id chtfc" Cd the tha'y tren ihtfe le'rang, mpt nhan cdng vide ciia nhan vien vidn ludn cd trach nhiem vii imh than xay difng... cdng vide Ba Id, cdc chtfdng tiinh dao tao ben doanh nghiep phai dam bao dtfdc ndi dung dao tao thdi dd, hanh vi song song vdi dao tao ky nang cdng vide Qua nghidn ctfu nay, c6 the ndi rang, vide