DliN OAN KHOA HOC YEU T O T A C D O N G Tdi THU HUT V N ODA V A O T H U C H I I N MUCTIEU AN SINHXA HQI • • ThS NGUYIN TAN VO - Cao dang Kinh te- Ke hogch Bd Ndng Nguon von hd trg phdt trien ehinh thdc • ODA dd ed nhdng ddng gdp quan trgng vdo viic phdt trien kinh tigan liin vdi xda ddi gidm ngheo vd ddm bdo an sinhxa hpi Ben cgnh nhdng ddng gdp to Idn eua nguon von OBA nham ddm bdo an sinh xd hpi, van edn tdn tgi nhdng hgn chi, thiiu hieu qud viee thu hut, qudn ly vd sddung vdn ODA Idm dnh hddng den khd ndng huy dpng ngudn vdn ndy tddng lai Bo do, viic xdc djnh vdxdy ddng ddde cde nhdn tddnh hddng tdi thu hut vdn OBA eho phdt triin kinh ti-xd hpi ndi chung vd thdc Men cde mue tieu ddm bao an sinh xd hpi ndi rieng Id viee Idm vd cung quan trgng • TUkhda: ODA, nguon von, an sinh xa hpi, tai chfnh heo Bao cao aia Bd Lao ddng- Thuong binh va Xa hdi, Viet Nam da dat dugc rihiing ket qua kha quan tiong viec thuc Men muc tieu an sinh xa hdi (ASXH), cu the: Td'ng ngubn tai chinh danh cho ASXH tii nam 2000 den la tten 830 nghin tydong, tiong dd, ngan sach nha nudc (NSNN) khoang 500 ngh'm ty d'dng, chiem tren 50%; td'ng chi cho ASXH tang b'lnh quan 23,8%/nam, tiong dd, NSNN tang b'mh quan 21,6% Trong do, sd vdn ODA da giai ngan cho linh vuc ASXH tir nam 2000 den dat khoang 160 nghin ty d'dng, cMem 20% td'ng d'au tu eho Unh vuc ASXH Ben canh nhiing ddng gdp to Idn aia ngubn vdn ODA cho phat tiien ASXH, van edn ton tai nhung ban che, tMeu Meu qua tiong viec thu hiit, quan Iy va sir dung vdn ODA Iam anh hudng den kha nang huy ddng ngu'dn vdn toong tuong Iai Do do, viec xac dinh va xay dung dugc cac nhan td anh hudng tdi thu hut vdn ODA cho phat trien kinh te - xa hdi ndi ehung va thuc Men eac muc tieu dam bao ASXH ndi rieng la vd cimg quan tigng T NhUng tac dong khach quan Thuc te cho thay, viec cung cap vdn ODA aia nudc giau danh cho nudc ngheo d'eu di kem vdi nhiing dilu kien rang huge v'e mat kinh te, ehinh tii nhat dinh nao dd, dd, Meu qua thu hiit vdn ODA nham dam bao ASXH ding chiu su cM phdi va tac ddng cua cac nhan to kinh te, chinh tri tir pMa cac nha tai tig Tai Viet Nam, thdng qua nhi'eu hinh thiic thu hiit 68 TiNH HlNH THU HOT ODA GIAI DOAN 1993 - 2015 (Ty USD) =+t •iiimn^l^llli I ill iimimiimmmi • Cam ket iKyket iGiaingan Hguon: Bo Kehoqcli S Bdu tit vdn ODA nhu ddi thgai true tiep da td chiic cac hpi ngM nhdm tu van cac nha tai tig da thu hiit eac nha tai tig d'dng hanh cimg vdi su ngMep ddi mdi aia dat nudc va cam ket danh hd tig vdn ODA eho ASXH Su Meu biet lan giiia Viet Nam va cdng dbng cae nha tai tig rd rang va cd mdi quan he dnieu, da gdp phan tao mem tin va khuyen kMch cac nha tai tig tang cudng hoat ddng thuong mai va dau tu d Viet Nam Sd lieu thdng ke cho thay, cam ket cung cap vdn ODA nam sau ludn eao hon nam trudc cimg vdi dpi ngii ddng dao cac nha tai tig Tuy nMen, mdt bd phan can bd d cac cap, ke ca can bd Ianh dao chua Meu ro vai tid va bin chat aia ODA cho muc tieu dam bao ASXH, dan den viec khdng chii y yeu cau ve Meu qua sir dung vdn ODA, chua xac dinh dugc cae uu tien d'au tu va uu tien thu hiit vdn ODA ddi vdi muc tieu dam bao ASXH, keo theo tMet ke ciia mdt sd chuong TAICHI'NH tiinh, d u an ODA chua p h u h g p vdi thuc te Dbng thdi, tiong cimg mdt Enh vuc ASXH, viec tMeu Meu biet v'e nha tai tig dan den dau t u trimg lap va ap dvmg cac md hinh khac nhau, dan den kem Meu qua va Iang pM ngubn lue cua dia p h u g n g ciing rihu a i a cac nha tai tog NhUng tac dpng chu quan Thie nhdt, ve chinh sach, cMen luge tinu hiit vdn ODA cho Uhh vue ASXH cd can cii rd rang, kha tM, gan ket vdi dnien lugc, chuong tiinh phat tiieh kinh te-xa hgi, ASXH Sau n a m 2000, cae dnien Iugc, ke h o a d i phat toien kinh te - xa hdi deu cd eg cau ngubn Iuc tai chinh het siic rd rang, toong dd vdn ODA ludn dugc coi la ngubn Iuc quan tigng Di kem vdi dnien Iugc truyen thdng, su phdi h g p vdi cac nha d'au tu, viec xay d u n g va ban hanh cae chinh saeh, cMe'n lugc thu hiit vdn ODA d i n g b a m sat yeu c'au cua cac nha tai teg va dam bag gan ket vdi diien luge, chuong trinh phat tiien kinh te - xa hdi, chuong tornh bao dam ASXH Ket qua cho thay, cae nha tai trg danh gia cao dirih h u d n g o i a CMnh phii Viet N a m la rat rd rang, chat die, Meu qua thu hiit vdn ODA hang nam va dno ca giai doan nam, 10 nam Trong do, de an "Dinh h u d n g thu hiit, quan ly va sit dung ngubn vdn ODA va cac khoan vay vdn u u dai a i a cac nha tai tog nude nggai thdi ky 2016-2020" cua CMnh phii, dugc cac nha tai teg rat quan tam vi phii h g p vdi yeu cau oia cac nha tai tog, rd rang, minh bach va gan ket vdi cac muc tieu tiong cMen lugc phat trien kinh te, cac giai phap duge xac dinh rd rang, cu the dugc cho la se mang lai thuan lgi cho cdng tac thu hiit vdn ODA a i a cac nha tai tig tigng thdi gian tdi Tuy nMen, viec Ibng ghep cac chugng tr'inh va du an o i a Chinh p h u vdi cac chuong tr'mh, d u an ODA cd nhiing ndi d u n g g'an n h a u n h u : xda ddi giam ngheo, giao thdng ndng thdn, nudc sach ndng thdn gay Men tugng trimg lap, ban che ve cdng tac tiien khai va Meu qua Thuc te, tren cimg mdt dia ban cd nMeu cdng tr'inh cimg mdt linh vuc nMeu ngubn vdn tai trg, song chinh quyen dia p h u o n g khdng du nang Iuc quan Iy va tri boat ddng cua cac edng trinh mdt each cd Meu qua de phuc vu ngudi dan Thie hai Meu qua viec sir dung vdn ODA Cac khoan vdn ODA ma Viet N a m da ky ket b a n 20 nam qua, binh quan khoang 3,5 ty USD/nam la mdt ngu'dn tai chinh dang ke, da dugc sir d u n g cd Meu qua, nhat la tiong linh vuc ASXH nhu: Giai quyet viec lam cho khoang 1,6 tiieu Iao ddng/nam; dao tao nghe eho khoang toieu Iao dgng ndng thdn/ -Thdng6/2016 nam; tang tinh ben viing a i a viec Iam; bao tog xa hdi; bao Mem xa hdi Tuy rihien, tiong tindi gian sir d u n g vdn ODA d a m bao ASXH v i n cdn mdt sd ban che nhat dinh, dd la: Ty le giai ngan thap d u d i miic cam ket vdi eac nha tai tig va tinap b a n rat nhieu so vdi miic giai ngan trung b'mh ciia k h u vuc Cae c h u a n g to'mh, d u an d'au t u ODA t h u d n g bi keo dai tien dd xay d u n g , ty Ie giai ngan thap, nen Meu qua dau t u khdng d a m bao va u y tin tiep n h a n vdn ODA giam siit Den nay, td'ng sd vdn ODA chua giai n g a n ciia cae c h u o n g to'inh, d u an da ky ket chuyen tiep tit thdi ky 2011 - 2015 sang thdi ky 2016 - 2020 cdn kha Idn, gan 22 tyUSD - Cdng tac kiem tia, theo ddi, danh gia, bao cao sir dung vdn ODA ddi Iiic chua dugc thuc Men ngMem hic, cdn de xay mdt sd trudng h g p Iang pM, tham nhiing, tieu cue n h u vu PMU 18, sap cau Can Tho - Td dniic quan ly d u an tMeu tinh chuyen ngMep Nang luc va ti'mh chuyen mdn ciia ddi ngii can bd tham gia quan ly d u an cdn ban die, nhat la d cac dia phuong Nhan su cac ban quan Iy d u an t h u d n g khdng on dinh va kiem nhiem Cdng tac dao tao quan Iy d u an chua thuc Men thudng xuyen, cd he thdng va bai ban - Cac cM sd ludng ve Meu qua vien tig dat den mdc can phai Iuu y: He sd ICOR thudng vugt n g u d n g 5, tiong dd, he sd ICOR eua cac nudc dang phat tiieh thudng dao ddng tit - Rd rang, vdi he ICOR tuong ddi cao n h u vay, viec tao ngu'dn tia n g tiong thdi gian tdi se gap khd khan Ngoai ra, hau bet cac d u an deu keo dai thdi gian thuc Men tir den n a m hoac mgt vai d u an khdng cd kha nang tia ng Thie ba, he thdng the d i e luat phap, va chinh sach lien quan den quan Iy va sir dung Meu qua vdn ODA Cd the khang dinh, the die, chinh sach ve quan Iy va sir dung vdn ODA mdt d'dng bd, dam bao tinh minh bach, thdng nhat; dam bao tdn trgng nguyen tac hai hda lgi ich giira ben di vay va ben d i o vay, giiia Chinh phu vdi ngudi dan va doanh ngMep; tao thuan Igi cho viec thu hut, quan ly va sit dung Meu qua vdn ODA, n h a m thuc Men muc tieu dam bao ASXH d Viet N a m den nam 2020 ^ Tai lieu tham khao: / Bg Lao dgng-Thi/ang binh vdXd hdi (2013), Phdttrien he thdng ASXH d Viet Nam den ndm 2020; http://kqtkd.duytan.edu.vn/Home/ArtlcieDetail/vn/88/1674/vien-trocacnhan-to-anh-huong-den-cac-khoan-vien-tro; Bdo cdo cua Bg Ke hogch vd Bdu tu ve tdng quan cong tdc van dgng, thu hut, qudn ly vd sd dung von QDA vd vdn vay Uu ddi thdi ky 1993-2014 vd dinh hudng thdi gian tdi 69 ... m la rat rd rang, chat die, Meu qua thu hiit vdn ODA hang nam va dno ca giai doan nam, 10 nam Trong do, de an "Dinh h u d n g thu hiit, quan ly va sit dung ngubn vdn ODA va cac khoan vay vdn u... cdn ban die, nhat la d cac dia phuong Nhan su cac ban quan Iy d u an t h u d n g khdng on dinh va kiem nhiem Cdng tac dao tao quan Iy d u an chua thuc Men thudng xuyen, cd he thdng va bai ban -... mang lai thuan lgi cho cdng tac thu hiit vdn ODA a i a cac nha tai tig tigng thdi gian tdi Tuy nMen, viec Ibng ghep cac chugng tr'inh va du an o i a Chinh p h u vdi cac chuong tr'mh, d u an ODA