MOT SO GIAI PHAP NHAM NANG CAO HIEU QUA CONG TAC XOA DOI GIAM NGHEO TREN DIA BAN HUYEN CU CHI * • NGUYEN MINH " T6m tdt: Cu Chi trUdc ddy la mgt huyin ngheo cua Thdnh ph^Hd Chi Mink; bdi v&y, m6t nhSng chu truong thodt ngfieo d dia phUOng ndy dugc xdc dinh: xoa doi, gidm ngheo Id mdt nhiem vu ''trgng t&m, cdp bach" Trdi qua qud trinh thUc hien, chUOng trinh xoa ddi gidm ngh&o Cu Chi dd dugc triin khai rdng khap vd, dgt di^ th&nh tUu quan trgng, co stic dnh hUdng lan toa trin cd nU&: B&i viSi n&y se tdp trung phdn tich v& l&m ro vdn di trin TU khoa: Xoa dAi, giam ngheo; thUC trgng; gidi phdp; huyin Cu Chu Abstract: Cu Chi district used to be a poor area of Ho Chi Mink city; thus poverty mitigation in this area has been a priority of development Over time, poverty mitigation programs have been in practice in the district and fiave led to important, influential achievements This article discussed the operation and achievements of poverty mitigation programs in Cu Chi district Keywords: Poverty mitigation; current situation; solution; Cu Chi district Ng&y nhdn b&i: 12/11/2016; Ng&y siia b&i: 27/12/2016; Ngdy duyit dang b&i: D^t vfi!n d^ K^ tii cong tae xoa d6i giam ngh^o dUOc Dang xac dinh 1^ m6t chUdng trinh quQc gia (tai DEU hoi dai bilu to^n quSc l l n thli VIII, nam 1996) vh ChUdng trinh muc tigu qu6c gia x6a doi giam nghdo chinh thiic dUdc Chinh phu phe duy$t (nam 1998) xoa d6i giAm nghdo b Vi$t Nam dUdc bat d i u bing nhiing muc tieu, phUdng phap va 16 trinh cu t h i v6i sU tham gia c^a toan xa hSi D^n nay, ehinh sach x6a doi giam nghdo d Vi^t Nam da d£it dUde nhCng c6ng nhS^t dinh, gop , ,, „ ^ ^ ; phan thay doi maos6ng kinhvat te cha't cua vung n6ng th6n, quadien dcfi tinh * ^, • i »- ,' ,^ , t h i n cua ngUcti dan dUdc eai thi^n Cu Chi la huyen nghdo cua Thanh ph6 u * r-i.- A*- I -'• 1-TTv , , Ho Chl Mmh sau giai phong Vi vky, xoa d& giam nghdo dUdc xac dinh la mot , , ^ ,.' , w , , nhiing nhi$m vu tam cap bach cua NHAN Lire KHOA HQC XA H I 8/2/2017 huyen Dudi sU lanh dao eua Dang bo huy&i Cu Chi, c6ng tae xoa d6i giam ngheo da dUdc triln khai rdng kh^p va dat dUdc th^nh t i ^ quan trong, ty 1$ h6 ngh^o giam dang kl, dcJi song vkt ch^t tmh thin eua ngUcfi dan dUdc nSng cao V6i nhiing tUnh tUu dat dUdc, chUdng trinh xoa d6i giam nghdo Cu Chi da co siic inh hUctog lan t6a ca nude Tuy nhien, hien cong ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^^-^^ ^g^ ^ ^ ^g^ tai ^ ^ ^ ^.^ ^^ ^ g - ^^ ^^^ ^^^ p^uc ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^ao viee iam eho lao ** , , , " , '• , -^ - u^ dong nghdo chUa mang lai ket qua nhU „ , , ' , ^ ,, chi phan daii mot thoat mong mufin; bokhoi phandoi honghdo; nghdo chUdng thieu y trinh chUa di sau sat trfng ho, liing , "iiig cae men phap tr^ giup Hien r *- v » *" NCS Khoa Sxi hoc, Hoc vifn Khoa hoc xa hoi; Sd GiAo due vS D&otoo,Tp HS Chi Minh S(f Z-Zt17 NGUYEN MINH trang trdn cung phan anh nhQng khd khan ChUcfng trinh mue tiiu qudc gia xoa dot chung cong tae xoa doi giam nghdo gidm ngheo (chUdi^ trinh 133), vdi muc cac ngoai trdn ea nU6c va dieu tieu: "xoa doi kinh nidn va giam i ^ e o tren anh hudng trUe ti^p dgn qua trinh xay ca nUde xu^i^ 10% vao nam 2000" dung phat triln d Vidt Nam Bai vidt ChUifng trink muc tieu quoc gia gidm nhim phSn tich thuc trang xda ddi giam ngheo vd viec ldm giai doan 2001 - 2005, i^hdo d Cu Chi, trdn ed s5 dd se gdi y mot xac dinh muc tieu: gidm ty IS kg ngheo sCTgiai phap n h i m nang cao hidu qua cdng (^^o i^u chi mdi) xuong diedi 10%, binh tac xda ddi giam nghdo d Cu Chi ndi ridng Q^"- '"^^ ^^n gidm tU 1,5% - 2% (khxmng vk Ci Vidt Nam ndi chimg, gdp phin eai ^^ "^'^ .• > 1 A • tfia thifiu cua xa hfii tinh cho mfit ddn vi xa i^^- 1.' 11,^ u^- 1, A* '" I,* T^'T'* hfii chli khfing phai eho mfit ea nhan Mite ; , ^ > - ^ ' ,.^ii_^ ^ song bao gfim cae tieu cm khac , , vfii mflc chuan cu the khac theo tiing jf thdi ky, difiu kifin va trinh dfi phat tnen •" ^ ' '^ kinh t^ - xa hdi Theo dd, quy md cua nghdo kho se dUdc tinh theo ty id so hd nghdo ddi tdng s^ ho eua dia phUdng hay toan quSb gia TU nam 1998 d^n 2010, dUdi sU chi dao cua Dang va hoach dinh ehinh sach cua Nha nU6e, xda ddi giam nghdo da dUde thuc hi$n mot caeh bai ban va ed hd theTng thdng qua cac ehUdng trinh mue tidu qudc gia, cu the: Chuang trinh muc tUu qudc gia xoa doi gidm ngheo giai doan 1998 • 2000 dUdc Chinh phu phd duyet theo Quyd't dinh sd" 133/1998/QD-TTgngay 23/7/1998 sti 2-2017 ^ ^ " ^ ^^ ^^ ^^ "^^° *^ ^^ ^'' *"^"^ ^ ° " ^^'^^ " ^^"^^ """^ ^^^^' ^^" " ' ^ ^ ^^ " ^ ^ ^ tdng 1,45 lan so vdi nam 2005, ChUcfng trinh phdt triin kinh te xd hoi > cdc xa ddc bat kho khan mien nui vd vitng , sau viing xa (chUdng trinh 135) dxlde Thu , , , , , , , "^ v tUdng chinh phu phe duyfit theo Quyfit ,, , ^ , ^ , ^ „ ™„ ^ ^, «^^ dinh s^ 135/1998/QD-TTg 31/7/1998 , v ^„ , ^ _ ^ >.^ nham tang cifdng hoat dong xfia dfii giam , , ^ *- 'I_-*.L'n.^ n_-^ ngheo cho cae xa dae biet kho khan, mien - i * - en i' i T^JT nui va vung sau, vung xa tai 52 tinh Muc ^.g^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^^^^^ trinh la ndn^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^.^ ^.^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ddn tgc d cdc xd ddc biet kho ^ ; ^ ^ ^ ^ „ ^j^- ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^-„ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ j ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ „ ^ ^ „ ^ ^ ^ ^j^^ ^y^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ / ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^/TI hba nhap vao sU phat ^ ^ ) j ^Aun^ cua cd nildc; gop phdn ddm bdo ^ ^ f^^n todn xd hdi, an ninh qum; phdng Theo Bdo cdo ddnh gid dot ngheo Viet Mam ndm 2012 eua NgSn hang the gidi, hdn 30 trieu ngUcti Vidt Nam da thoat khdi ddi ngheo hai thap ky qua Nghdo ddi d Viet NamNHAN da giam nhanh chdng tfit LUC KHOA HOC XA HQI MOT SO GIAI PHAP NHAM NANG CAO HIEU QUA CONG XAa, 60% h6i d^u nhiing nam 1990 xufing 20,7%; ty lfi nhap hoc ti^u hoc va trung hpc cd s6 la hdn 90% va 70%, Dong th& ciing theo danh gia cua T6 ehiie Nfing liidng Lien Hdp quoc (FAO), Viet Nam la mfit nhQng nilfic dat dUdc t h a n h tich n^i b^t vific giam sfi' ngtfcJi bj doi tQ 46,9% (32,16 trifiu ngUcli) giai doan 1990 1992 xufing 9% (8,01 trifiu ngiidi) giai doan 2010 - 2012, va da dat ditdc muc tieu phat tri^n thien nifin ky (MDGl), hitfing tfii muc tieu giam mfit ntta sfi'ngiifii bj dfii vao nam 2015*^\ Tuy dat diidc nhiing t h a n h tich dang kl, nhiing cfing cuoc xfia dfii giam nghfio cua Viet Nam van dang dfii mat vfii nhQng thach thQc qua trinh thiic hien nhii giam nghfio chifa d6ng diu; giam nghfio chiia vQng chac, ty lfi tai nghfio mfit sfi' ndi cao; chfnh sach ch6ng cheo, nguon liic dau Ui dan trai, Bfin canh nhiing thach thQc giam nghfio hin vQng la mfit sfi^ thach thQc mfii nhif: ba't 6n vi mfi cang tang khifih cho tfi'c dfi giam nghfio CO xu hitfing cham lai; i^hfio tai khu vUc thj gia tang tfic dfi thj hfia nhanh khien ngilcii dan gap kho khan giai doan chuyin doi va nguy cd tai nghfio mfii khu viic nong thfin, ven bien,, Tnifie tinh hinh dfi, yfiu c^u bQc thiet ve chong tai doi ngheo trfi thahh mfit nhiing muc tieu quan trong chinh sach phat triln kinh t^ Viet Nam D l thiic hifin diidc doi hoi cac cap Dang, chinh quy^n va toan dan eOng ehung tay gop sQc thiic hifin mfit each d6ng bfi va toan difin cfic giai phap xfia dfii giam nghfio Thanh ph^ Hi Chi Minh la dia phiidng di d^u cac tinh cfing cufie doi mfii kinh te, da khfii xiifing phong trao xfia doi giam nghfio d i u tifin tai c^p tinh/thanh doi giam nghfio nhtf la mfit phiidng thiic d^ difi^u phfii eae hoat dfing huy dong ngu6n lUc va chi tifiu P h ^ lfin cac hoat dfing s^ dung v^n la eung c^p von vay vfii lai sua't liu dai di giiip cae ca nhan iam an,., Mfit nhQng dja phKdng dat difdc tUu dang ghi nhan phong trao la huyfin Cu Chi Thtfc t r ^ n g c o n g t a c xoa doi giam nghfio d Cu C h i Huyfin Cu Chi la mot nhQng dja phiidng di d^u efing tac an sinh xa hfii cua t h a n h phfi' tQ nam 1992 va la ndi tifin phong khfii xiifing, thiic hien hifiu qua phong trao ''xfia dfii giam nghfio" NSm 1992, huyfin Cu Chi chon Sp Cay Sfip, xa Tan An Hoi iam diem bang each giup vfih cho hfi nghfio, mfii ho diidc h5 trd vay 500 nghin d6ng, khfii xiifing tQ 10 hfi d^u tifin diide vay tii^n va sfi dung hieu qua ngu6n vfi'n tQ chiidng trinh TQ a'p Cay Sfip, chitdng trinh da n h a n rfing r a nhieu dia phiidng khae Cu Chi Ban Chi dao chiidng trinh tQ xa den huyfin di(dc lap vfii chQc nang, nhifim vu chinh la tham mitu ca'p uy ciing e^p cham lo cho ba difin ngheo VQa lam vQa diic kfit kinh nghidm, chitdng trinh da anh hiffing tich ciic cong dong, trfi nhifim vu thiffing xuyfin cua cae cfip uy dang, ehinh quy^n khfing rieng fi Cu Chi ma da lan toa rfing khap cae quan, huyfin fl Thanh phfi'H6 Chi Minh Ben canh chu tnidng phat huy vific sif dung cfi hifiu qua cac ngu6n v^n, huyfin Cu Chi chti dfin cfing tac giai quyet vific lam ket hdp vfii p h a t t r i l n nganh n g h i thu cfing t r u y i n thong, khai thac va sxt dung phfi vao n a m 1992, n h a m t h i e t lap von xfia ngheo-thanh-tuu-thach-thuc-va-giai-phap.html NHAN LMC KHOA HOC XA Hfii !"' http://iyiuancM^^ sti 2-2017 NGUYiN MINH efi hifiu qua tilm nang, r^fuyfin Ufiu tai eho, d i ^ thcJi c6 chinh saeh thu hiit diu tli eae ddn vj san xuSit efing nghiep nham tao vific lam va tang thu nhap eho ngdfii lao dfing V6i sii trd sQc cua toan xa hfii, dac bi$t la sii quan tam, dfing vifin, giup dd kjp thcfi cac td chQe doan t h i da cfi sil tac dfing tieh eiicthuc d^y va khdi day y thQc viictti lfin, Sn dinh cufie sfihg va thoat nghfio, din cufih nam 2013, toan huyfin eon 1-572 hfi nghfio, chiem ty 1$ 1,66% tdng so'ho dan, T i n h h i n h xoa doi giam ngheo d Cu Chi q u a cac gis^i doan 1991 - 9 17.845 hdi 25% 1996-2000 14.855 hd/23% 2001 - 2005 4.320 hg/5.1% 2006 - 2013 1.572 hg/1,66% (Nguon: Tong hap bdo cdo cua Bdng bg huyin Cu Chi ldn thii VI VII, VIII DC, X) Mdt nhiing k^t qua dang ghi vib^rt tit chUdi^ trinh xda ddi giam nghdo, thdng qua nguon vdh danh cho chUdng trinh cang ldn d i n la nhan dUdc sxt ung ho tieh cUe tii phia xa hdi, dac biet la tii dong tdc, hp hang , da khdi day va phat huy tinh iang nghia xdm, tinh t h i n tUdng than tUdng ai, la lanh diim la raeh Trong cdng d^ng dan cU ciing xua't hidn nhilu each ghip nhU: cho mUdn von; cho nd tien cSy, gi^&ig, vat tU, thigt hi ndng nghigp khdng tmh iai; nhiing ho k l can cd trach nhi$m giup d3 mdt ho nghdo edng d6ng minh smh scTng thdng qua hinh thiic hdn k i t vin DSc bidt, nhilu hd nghdo dUdc tilp can nguin vin vay sau iam an cd hieu qua da nhan gitip dd nhiing ba nghdo b W hmh thtic cho vay vin va truyin dat kinh nghidm san xuJft, Ngoai nguin v^n eua ChUdng trinh, cac doan t h i chinh tri xa hdi, cac ca nhan h^o tam eung da vao cude Den cudi nam 2008, e h u ^ thu nhap hinh quan hd nghdo d Cu Chi da tang len trieu dong/ngudi/nam Tif nhiing kd't qua budc diu, Cu Chi tidp tuc nSng eae tieu ehi v l xda ddi giam nghdo dl giiip cho ba thoat nghdo mdt each cd ban hdn nhU miln, giam hoc phi cho em didn hd nghdo, t^ng the bao hilm y td' va so kham, chQa benh mien phi cho ngUcli nghdo, Trong dd, chUdng trtnh tSng nha tinh thUdng da giiip nhilu ba nghdo cd thdm dieu kidn an cU lac nghiep Din nay, to^n huyfn cdn 2.169 hd nghdo (cd thu nhap dUdi 16 trieu dang/ngudi/nam) va 8.864 hd cd thu nhap dUdi mtic 21 tridu ding/ngudi/nam chi chilm ty 1$ 2,14% va 8,75% so vdi ting s i hd dSn toan ^^^y^"" ^^^ ^ ^ " ^0 nSm, da cd 6.447 can nha tinh thUdng t^ng cho hd nghdo; MSi ^^^' ^°^ ^uyen giai quyet vide iam cho khoang 8.000 lao dong, dd ed 4.000 ^^^ ^^S cd viec Iam mdi *^' Tinh tr^ng eimg eham lo bacon nghdo bang hinh thiic '" i l - w i,A-« Ai «„A« i,^„« «i,n ,ro« gldl thieu t m ehap de ngan hang eho vay vin vdi lai su^t Uu dai; tich cUc giai quylt viec iam cho nidn dd tuii, chuyin giao tiln bd khoa hpc - ky thuat giiip ba eon nang cao kiln thdc, tay nghe ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^""^ ^ ° ^ ^ ^ ^ '^ NgUdi nghdo cang dUde tiep ean vdi ^ ^ ° •' ^ , , % -