QUA TRINH DI CU* VA LAP AP ANH SANG CUA NGU*6l VIET GOC THUA THIEN - HUE TAI DA LAT LE T H I N H U A N *' > Tom tdt: Ngiidi Viet (Kinh) d Dd Lat Id mgt bd phdn cua cdc trdo liiu di ddn lich sit Viet Nam Bdi viet ndy di cap din qud trinh di cii vd lap nghiep cua cdng dong ngiidi Viet gdc Thda Thien • Hue dDd Lat tit ddu thi ky XX din Td nhitng kit qud nghien citu, chung tdi diia ramgtsdnet khdi qudt ve nhitng ddu dn vdn hda cua cdc thd he ngiidi Hue dd tao ditng, giit gin, phdt huy gdn mdt the ky, gop phdn tgo nin bite tranh vdn hoa mudn mdu, mang ddm bdn sdc cua nhitng ngUdi xit Hue trin mdnh ddt Dd Lat Tit khda: Qud trinh di cil; dp Anh Sdng, ngUdi Viet gdc Thiia Thien • Hue; dgc diem vdn hda Abstract: Ethnic Kinh people in Dalat were the result of migration trends in Vietnamese history This ariicle discussed the process of migration and settlement of the Kinh community migrated from Hue to Dalat since the early 20^ century The author highlighted cultural imprints that Hue people had reserved and built up in nearly a century, helping to create an interesting cultural context in Dalat Keywords: Migration process; Light village; Kinh people from Hue; cultural feature Ngdy nhdn bdi: 30/3/2017; Ngdy sita bdi: 25/4/2017; Ngdy duyit ddng bdi: 28/8/2017 Dat van d l edng nghidp hda, hien d^i hda cua t h a n h Ap Anh S a n g thude Phfldng 1, t r u n g phd' dat r a nhflng ddi hdi ca'p bach cho t a m cua t h a n h Da Lat, la ndi dinh cfl dan efl ndi day Do vay, viee nghien cflu cua efl dan Viet gdc Thfla Thidn - H u e qua t r i n h di cfl va p h a t trien cua ngfldi de'n sinh s i n g va lap nghiep Trai qua cac Hud' d Anh Sang se gdp p h i n n h a n didn giai doan lich stt khac n h a u nhfl thdi bflc t r a n h di dan dac thfl d t h a n h p h i Da Phap thupc, thdi k h a n g chien ehd'ng My, L a t bdi eanh hidn hoat ddng kinh te cua ngfldi d a n a'p Anh Ve t e n goi a p A n h S a n g Sang chu ydu la lam vfldn; sau 1975 de'n Trflde ngfldi Vidt tdi t u efl, Anh cd sfl chuyen bidn la vfla lam vfldn Sang la mpt k h u d i t trung gifla thung k i t hdp vdi thfldng mai - dich vu Ngdai lung vdi eae loai eay bui k h a ram rap Ap dac t n i n g k i n h t l , hp cdn ed dac diem van Anh Sang cd thdi gian t h a n h lap kha hda rieng bidt so vdi eae cdng d i n g dan efl mudn (1952) so vdi cac a'p khae d Da Lat khac, bdi ndi n a y cdn tri va ^ n gifl Tuy nhidn, ne'u xdt v l thdi gian t u cfl, dinh dfldc nhieu n e t v a n hda truyen thd'ng eua cfl, thi chi sau h a i dia diem tu cfl dau tien que eu nhfl n h a ctta, t i n ngfldng, ngdn ngfl, loi sdng, La l p n h a p efl d i u tidn cua ngfldi Vidt gdc Hud', bdi eanh Sti8-Z017 " NCS Vien Vi^t Nam hoc vk Khoa hoc phat triln Dai hoc Quoc gia HU N6i; Giang viSn Tnidng D^ hoc Da L^t NHAN LUC KHOA HQC XA HQI Q QUA TRINH DI CU VA LAP AP A N H S A N G la lang Da Lac (thanh lap trflde nam 1920) t h a n g nhflng ngfldi edn dfldc hd trd va a'p Tan Lae, a'p Xuan An (thanh lap mdt khoan tien Ifldng Nhan t h i y dilu nam 1920) Khac vdi ten gpi a'p "Ha Ddng" kidn sd'ng d Da L a t td't hdn so vdi qud cu, hay "Nghd Tinh" g i n vdi dia danh que hp da dfla vd con, a n h em vao Da Lat lam quan eua ngfldi xa xfl, Anh Sang khdng cd an, dinh efl lau dai Cudi n a m 1927, gia chi tie't nao lidn quan dd'n "tdn lang, tdn dinh cua nhflng ngfldi linh dao da cd mat xa" cua ngfldi Viet gd'e Thfla Thien - Hue' tai Da Lat Dong thdi, hp dflde nhan vao Tfl lap l p cho dd'n nay, cd kha n h i l u iam eae cdng viec phuc vu cho Quan dao quan dilm khae n h a u v l tdn a'p "Anh Dd la ed sd eho sfl r a ddi eua dan efl Hue d Sang" Theo giai thich cua mdt sd' ngfldi ap Anh Sang ddn l p , tdn gpi cua a'p la di Nam 1939, chie'n t r a n h the gidi thfl Hai vao gifla hai day n h a hp thay cd nhflng tia bung n l khien cho ngfldi Phap dd'n Da Lat nang len loi, ndn gpi la a'p Anh Sang (!)? k h a ddng, nha't la vao mfla hd, nhu clu ve Nhflng quan didm dflde n h i l u nha nghien thflc pham t a n g manh, dae bidt la rau cflu nhin n h a n vdi tdn gpi "Anh Sang" tfldi Lflc ba'y gid, hai a'p Ha Ddng (1938) dng Cao Minh Hieu'^' dat cho Kp nky xuat va Nghe Tinh phat tfl "hdi Anh Sang"'^' nhdm "Tfl vflng ehuyen eanh cae loai rau O a'p Anh (1940) r a ddi vdi nhflng lflc van doan"'^' Cflng vdi quan dilm nay, Sang, cac dng Le Van Ga, Huynh Van Lac Trfldng Phuc An va Nguyen Diep trcng va Quan Trang da t i l n h a n h khai hoang cud'n "Dd Lat trdm ndm" eung khang dinh, dat d khu vflc ven ho Xukn ten gpi Anh Sang xua't phat tfl phong trao t r l n g rau "Anh Sang" cua nhdm "Tfl lflc van doan" Nha't Linh chu trfldng'"' Cd t h i k h i n g dinh, ten gpi Anh Sang la dng Cad Hfldng de Nam 1946, chid'n tranh, nhieu gia dinh ngfldi Vidt d Da Lat, dd cd dan cfl a'p Anh Sang da di t a n xud'ng Phan Minh Hidu dat cho cfl dan Thfla Thidn Hue' tai khu phd' 1, Da Lat L i c h sut d i cfl v a d i n h cfl Nam 1926, t r i l u dinh n h a Nguyin ctt dng H i D i e Ung vao Da Lat iam Quan dao Quan dao - mdt chflc quan Nam trilu, tdng tfl pham den Da Lat de phu giup edng vide eho vien Dd'c ly edng sfl Phap (Resident Mairey^\ Lue bay gid, theo ehan Quan dao cd ngfldi linh kho xanh, dd ngfldi Viet gd'e Hue^^ Khi mdi de'n Da Lat, hp efl tru d sau n h a Quan dao So vdi que nha, d day hp ed cudc sdhg kha hdn Ngoai dfldc nudi an, d, sinh boat, hang g] NHANLQC KHOA HQC XA HQI '" Thi tru5ng Dk Lat Quoc trilSng Bao Dai b^ nhiem vko nSm 1950 (Xem: TrUdng Phiic An (2003), B& Lat mgt tram mUdi miia xudn, Nxb V&n h6a dan toe, C36ng ty in vk phat h^nh sach Lam Dong, tr.354) *^' 6ng Cao Minh Hieu Ik ngudi tftng tham gia vko h6i anh Sang trudc dSn Da Lat Ph?m v a n Sdn (1961), Viet sd t6n bien, quyin IV, SM Gon, tr.325-326 '*' Ho Ik cac 6ng Cao Quang Ky (ngUdi ling Ke Mon, xa Dien Mdn, huy^n Phong Dien, tinh Thfla Thien Hug); n g Ton ThS't Hoan (lllng Phudc Yen, xa Quang Tho, huySn Quang Diin, tinh Thfta Thien - Hufi); Ong Le v a n Gk (xa Thuy Tan, huyen HUdng Thuy, tinh Thfta T h i e n - H u l ) sti 8-2017 LE THINHUAN Rang qsjinh Thuan), P h a n Thid't (Binh Trong sudt qua t r i n h h i n h t h a n h va Thuan) Nam 1948, nhflng hd di t a n cfl p h a t trien, a'p Anh Sang khdng ngflng gia eua a'p quay trd lai, d i n g thdi mdt so gia t a n g ve quy md dan sd' Sau n a m 1975, sd' dmh da dfla a n h em, hp h a n g eua hp den hp nhdp cfl ddn A n h Sang t a n g ldn 50 hd Da Lat dinh efl C u l i n a m 1952, Kp Anh Nam 2007, t a n g len 240 hd Nam 2010, s a n g cua ngfldi Viet gd'e Thfla Thidn - H u l n h i l u hp t a i k h u vflc giai tda da di ddi ddi, dkn sd' cua a'p t a n g ldn 35 hd vdi de'n ndi d mdi, dan so' d a'p giam xudng cdn 200 n h a n k h a u Tfldng tfl nhfl ap Ha 230 hp'^' Ddng, t h a n h p h a n dan efl d a'p Anh Sang k h a d i n g nha't, hp ehu ye'u la ngfldi goc Hue', chl ed radt hd gia dinh dng Doan Meo*'" la ngfldi gd'e Q u a n g Nam C h i e n Iflcic s i n h k e c u a ngfldi d a n d a'p A n h S a n g Mdt nhflng chiln Ifldc mflu sinh quan trpng cua nhflng ngfldi di cfl stt dung Nam 1953, d Kp Anh Sang ngoai ngfldi la tao dflng eae mang lfldi xa hdi De cd Vidt gdc Hud' va Quang Nara cdn cd sfl the thich flng vdi dilu kipn mdi sinh d ndi hien didn cua ngfldi gd'e mien Bae Sd' gia efl trfl mdi can phai cd ehien Ifldc "mim" dinh ngfldi Vi$t mien Bae d a'p ehi sfl giup dd tfl hp hang, anh em rudt thit chie'm mdt so' Ifldng khidra td'n khoang Ke't qua khao sat tinh hinh dich efl eua hd, nhflng cung cho tha'y, day la ndi hdp cfl ngfldi Viet d Anh Sang cho tha'y, Iflnh thflc kha sdm eua cac ldp di dan tfl n h i l u ndi di chuyen bie'n cua ngfldi H u l la cung khac n h a u nhfl m i l n Bae, m i l n Trung di vdi anh em hp hang, t h a n tde theo vai mang nhflng s i c thai dia phfldng, vung nhdm gia dinh Di dan theo ddng hp, anh m i l n den Kp Anh Sang era, than tde la dang di dan bien va Sfl gia t a n g d a n sd' d ^p Anh Sang ehii thfldng xay r a d nhiing gia dinh cd dieu y l u la gia t a n g cd hpc Gid'ng nhfl cae diem kidn sdhg khd khan, t h i l u dat eanh tac dan efl khac d Da Lat, a'p Anh Sang trfldc hoae ehidn t r a n h (trfldc nam 1975) nam hau Vide chuyen efl cua nhfliig hd dan d hd't nhflng hd gia dinh di cfl den a'p la Anh s a n g khdng dfldc c h u l n bi ki Ifldng v l nhflng ngfldi tre, t h a m ehi ed nhieu t h a n h vat chat 1954 cd CEILU t n i e dan s i tre Bdi, nidn ehfla lap gia dinh Vao eudi nhflng n a m 20 eua the ky XX, Sau chien sfl M a u T h a n (1968), h a n g Da Lat van la k h u vfle " d i t rdng ngfldi loat gia (finh da rdi e l dd H u l d i n Da Lat, thfla" Hp phai ddi m a t vdi n h i l u dd cd I p Anh Sang d l efl trfl l^u thach thflc nhfl k h i h a u Da Lat khac dai'^' Cae hd tfl H u e vao dinh efl t a i a'p nghiet, tfl hoan canh khdng ed tien, khdng giai doan 1968 den trfldc nam 1975 khoang t r e n 30 hd P h i n ldn, ho la anh era, ho h a n g cua nhiing ngfldi dan l p Dd cflng la nguyen n h a n hinh t h a n h nen k h u vflc dan cfl cua l p StiS-2817 •^ Ong Do4n Meo \k linh khS' xanh, que quan xa Vinh Di|n, huyen Di^n Bkn, tinh Quang Nam '»ijy ban nhan dan thknh ph6J)k Lait (2008), Dia chi Dd Lat, Nxb T^ng hdp Thiinh phS' Hd Chi Minh, tr.113 '** ^ y ban nhSn dkn Phudng cung ca'p nam 2016 NHAN LQC KHOA HOC XA HQI g] QUA TRINH DI CU VA LAP AP A N H S A N G ed da't eanh tae da trd t h a n h ehu n h a n bet so' lao ddng qua ldn dang trd nen cua nhiing manh vfldn ehuydn t r l n g rau "nhan rdi" khdng cd dat san xua't d l ban cho Phap Trfldc nam 1975, eung Trflde sfle h u t eua rapt sd" nganh n g h i phi gid'ng nhfl hau hd't eae a'p khae d Da Lat, ndng nghipp mdi d I p Anh Sang, nhieu hd boat ddng kinh te' ehinh eua ngfldi Hud' d gia dinh da dfla r a ehidn Ifldc sinh ke mdi, a'p Anh Sang ehu ye'u la ndng nghiep, ehuyen d l i nghe nghidp eho eae tap trung trpt eae loai rau vien gia dinh n h a m thieh flng vdi Do khu vflc san xua't cua a'p cd didn tich d i l u kidn sd'ng mdi hidn Cae nganh nhd, nen hau h i t eae hd ddn ndi day chi n g h i phi ndng nghidp dfldc ngfldi ddn canh tae tren mot dien tich d i t kha khiem ehuyen sang nhfl: kinh doanh, budn ban td'n, hd n h i l u n h i t cd khoang 3.000 nhd, iam bun, thd may, xe dm cd dilu kien 4.000m^ dKt canh tac Chinh vi thd', nhilu phat trien gia dinh phai mua them dat vfldn d cac Hien nay, da s6^ ngfldi dan d l p Anh khu vfle khac tai Da Lat Cac cudc phdng s a n g d i u cd t h u n h a p ehinh tfl boat ddng va'n eiia ehung tdi tai Anh Sang eho t h i y , sinh ke' thfldng mai - dich vu Nhflng ngfldi Vidt vdi d i l m x u l t phat tfl tinh ngfldi ndng dan vd'n lam ndng nghiep la Thfla Thidn - Hue' de'n lap nghipp d Da chinh, da coi trpng nghe budn ban, Lat vdi "ddi ban tay trang", sau mdt thdi dieh vu, xem day la mpt sinh kd' quan gian ngan hp da cd ddi s i n g kinh t l kha trpng Sfl gia t a n g cac boat ddng sinh k l gia, dn dinh va tim dflde mdt "vi the' xa mdi da va dang lam eho ddi sd'ng v^t chat hpi" ehinh danh eua ngfldi dan dflde nang cao hdn nhilu so Cd the tha'y, chie'n Ifldc mem dfldc ngfldi vdi trfldc Tuy nhien, neu xem xet ky, day Hue stt dung kha linh boat de thich iing la nhiing boat ddng sinh kd' ehfla ed tinh vdi dilu kidn kinh te, xa hdi mdi Vdi xud't ben vflng Bdi, sfl p h a t t r i l n eua cac loai phat dilm la nhdm yd'u thd', vdi vi the xa hinh sinh kd' deu dfldc kich thich tfl hdi khdng dfldc ehinh q u y i n Phap (trflde y l u td' khach quan la so Ifldng du khach 1945) cdng nheln; song nhd van dung hieu dd'n Da Lat thfldng theo mua du lich nhfl qua ehiln Iflde nay, hp da tim dflde cho dip he, tet dflng kha viing c h i c trdn cae phfldng didn kinh t l , xa hpi, chinh tri d vung dat mdi D a c d i d m v a n h o a Da Lat la m a n h da't da van hda, d Tfl sau nam 1975, cung vdi sfl phat nhflng khu vfle dan efl ed eung nguon gde, trien eua nganh du lich cua t h a n h phd', qud quan khae nhau, nhflng net van hda boat ddng san xua't ndng nghiep khdng t r u y i n thong mang tinh vung m i l n dfldc cdn gifl vai trd ehu dao ed cau kinh t h i hidn k h a rd ndt Ngfldi Hue d i n Da td' cua mpt bd phan dan cfl Anh Sang Lat da mang theo phong tue tap quan chiu N g h i lam vfldn cd bflde tang trfldng a n h hfldng tfl le nghi eung