Phan tang giai cap cong nhan Viet Nam hien Nguyin Thi T h u H a ' Trirdng Dai hoc Thuang mai Email: thuha@tmu.edu.vn Nhan 20 thang 11 nam 2018 Chap nhan dang thang 12 nam 2018 Tom tat: Hien tugng phan tang giai cap cong nhan Viet Nam hien dang dien cang manh me Ben canh nhimg tac dgng ti'ch cue, hien tugng phan tang cung co nhung tac dgng tieu cue den qua trinh phat trien cua giai cap cong nhan Viet Nam Phan tang giai cap cong nhan Viet Nam hien the hien d phan boa ve thu nhap (gifta cac nganh nghe, cac viing mien, cac phan kinh te) va phan boa ve trinh hgc van, nghe nghiep Phan tang giai cap cong nhan lam giam nhip phat tnen chung ciia giai cap cong nhan, lam giam ti'nh thong nhat va doan ket, lam gia tang su thd a ve chfnh tri mgt bg phan giai cap cong nhan Tir khoa: Phan tang, tang ldp, giai cap cong nhan Phan loai nganh: Triet hgc Abstract: Straufication has been taking place more and more strongly among Vietnam's working class In addition to the positive impacts, it also has negative ones on the development process of the class The stratification is reflected in the income differentiation among industries, regions and economic sectors, and the differentiation in education levels and occupations, h slows down the overall pace of development of the working class, reducing the unity and solidarity while increasing the attitude of indifference towards political matters among a part of the class Keywords: Stratification, stratum, working class Subject classification: Philosophy M d 6hu Ting ldp giai d p la kit qua cua sy phan hda giai cip d muc eao Mdt giai c4p bao gid cung cd nhieu tang Idp vdi trinh dp giac ngd, lgi fch khac Trong mdi giai cSp cd mdt tang Idp hat nhan; va chi cd lang Icrp hat nhan mdi cd kha nang phan anh Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, so 2-2019 dugc Ipi ich va quy tu nguyen vpng cho toan Ihl giai cdp D l i vdi giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam cung vay So vdi cac giai cap khac d Viet Nam hien nay, giai cap cdng nhan cd mot dac dilm vugt trdi, dd la tfnh thing nh^t, doan kit cao Nhung tren thyc ll, npi bp giai c4p e5ng nhan Viet Nam van cd sy phan t§ng tren nhilu phuang dien (thu nhap, tuli nghi, tay nghe, trinh dp giac ngp chi'nh tri, trinh dp khoa hpc cdng nghe ) Trong Nghi quylt TW khoa X, Dang Cpng san Viet Nam nhan dinh: "Cdng nhan nudc ta khong ddng deu ve nhan thftc xa hpi, giac ngd giai cap ban linh chi'nh tri, y thftc td chftc va ky luat lao dpng; sd cdng nhan trf thuc tang manh nhung chenh lech giua cac nganh nghe, ITnh vye, vimg mien; cd sy chenh lech cao va phan hda ve thu nhap gifta cic bd phan cdng nhan" [3, tr.277] Sy phan tang giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam dugc the hien tren nhieu phuang dien Bai viet phan tfch ly luan ve phan tang giai cap cdng nhan ndi chung va thyc trang phan tang dd d Viet Nam hien Phan tang giai cap cong nhan noi chung Trong mpt giai cap bao gid cung ton tai nhilu tang ldp ngudi vdi nhftng dia vi kinh te, chfnh trj, xa hdi khac Sy hinh cac lang Idp la hien tugng phan tang giai cip Sy hinh tiianh ting Idp giai cap la san pham cua su phan hda ndi bp giai cip iy (phan hda ve sd hftu, trinh dp, dia vi ehfnh tri ) Sy phan hoa vfta phan anh ciu true eua mpt giai cap vfta phan anh qua hinh phat triln cua giai cap dd Dd la qua trinh van ddng hudng tam, hoac Iy tam Hudng lam la sy van dpng cua cac tang Idp tinh tien din din dia vi cua tang Idp hat nhan Ly tam la sy van ddng theo xu hudng chuyen hoa giai cap [7] Phan ting giai cap cdng nhao khdng phai la van de mdi Trong cac tac phim cua minh, C.Mae va Ph.Angghen nhieu Ian diing cac khai niem "tang lop edng nhan quy tdc" hay "tang Idp vo san luu manh" V.I Lenin nhan xet: "Cong nhan ma rdi rac thi khdng la cai gi ca, cong nhan ma thdng nhat thi Iai la tat ca" [7, tr.57] Nhieu ngudi thudng chft y den ve sau cua cau ndi ma khdng may chii j tdi ve trudc Sy "rdi rac" giai cip edng nhan cd Ie la bieu hien cua mpt ket cau nbieu tang d giai cap Qua day co the nhan djnh rang, xuyen sudt qua trinh hinh va phat trien, npi bo giai cap cdng nhan ludn tdn tai nhieu tang lap khac "Tap doan xa hgi la mpt tap hgp kha gan bd cua nhieu tang ldp" [7, tr.55] va la mpt "ket can thdng nhat" Giai cap cdng nhan vdn la "con de" cua nen dai cdng nghiep, la san pham ciia phuong thftc san xuat cdng nghiep Ma phuong thuc san xuat edng nghiep tu ddi cbo den da trai qua rat nbieu giai doan phat trien vdi nhung trinh dp rat khac nhau; va ca cung mdt giai doan thi trinh cua cac bp phan cdng nghiep cung khdng gidng Cd bp phan d trinh dp cdng nghe cao; cd bg phan d trinh dp lac hau ban han Theo logic nay, giai cap cong nhan cd mat d nhung bd phan cdng nghiep khae vdi nhung trinh khac nhau, nhftng nganh nghe khac Su khac biet lam sinh hang loat nhung khac biet khac v l (khac biet vl thu nhap, dia vi xa hgi, y thuc chfnh tri ) Dieu dan den sy hinh nhung nhdm ngucri hay nhftng tang Idp khac giai Nguyen Thi Thu Ha cap cong nhan Nhu vay, phan tang giai cap cdng nhan la til yeu, nd xuit phat lu chfnh quy luat phat triln khdng diu cua phuang thftc san xuat cdng nghiep, sy phan hda trinh cua ngudi cdng nhan cdng nghiep Hien nay, vdi sy phat h i l n cang manh me ciia khoa hpc - cdng nghe, cua loan cau hda kinh te, sy phan tang giai cap edng nhan vSn tdn tai va cd nhung diln bien phuc tap vdi nhilu chilu khac Cach mang khoa hpc cdng nghe vua tao dieu kien thuan lgi d l thuc diy cac tang Idp giai cap cdng nhSn hoan thien tay nghe, xda di khoang each vl trinh dp cong nghe; nhung nd cung ddng thai tao hd sau ngan each giua bd phan edng nhan cd trinh dp cao vdi bd phan cdng nhan khdng the vucm len de dat den trinh hien dai Toan cau hda mgt mat tao dieu kien bien thyc boa khau bieu cua C.Mac va Ph.Angghen "vd san toan the gidi lien hiep lai"; nhung mat khae, nd cung tao cudc canh hanh kha manh cua giai cap cdng nhan tren thi trudng hang hda sftc lao dpng Mat tfch eye cua sy phan tang bieu bien qua trinh phat trien dan tien tdi hoan thien cua giai cap cdng nhan theo xu hudng "hudng tam" Mat tieu eye cua nd la dan den sy "chia tach", "rdi rae" ndi bd giai cap edng nhan, lam sinh xu budng "ly tam", va tdi can trd qua trinh thuc hien sft menh lich sft cua giai cap T h y c t r a n g phan tang giai cap cong n h a n d Viet Nam hien 3.1 Phdn tdng ve thu nhdp Mac du, trai qua nhieu Ian dieu chinh luong tdi thilu, nhung thu nhap cua cdng nhan Viet Nam vin cd su phan tang kha ro net Thu nhap (keo theo la muc sdng) cua da so cdng nhan van cdn rat thap, bdi le luong tdi thieu viing cni cd the bao ve dugc nhung ngudi cd mftc luong thap nhat cac doanh ngbiep Khdng phai luang tdi thieu tang tbi thu nhap cua cdng nhan se cao ban Trong kbi dd, luang cua bp phan cong nhan (co tnnh cao, lam viec eae nganh kinh te mui nhgn, thude dien can bd lanh dao, quan ly d mdt sd doanh nghiep) lai kha cao, dieu tao khoang each Idn thu nhap cua giai cap cdng nhan Thu nhap eua bp cd the chenh den ca chuc Ian (dae biet gifta cdng nhan trf thftc vdi cdng nhan lao dpng chan tay gian dan); mftc sdng cua hp cung cd nhieu khac biet Xet theo loai hinh doanh nghiep, tbeo sd lieu cua Tdng cue Thdng ke, nam 2015 thu nhap binb quan thang cua cdng nhSn doanh nghiep nha nudc la 9.509.000 ddng/thang; eua cdng nhan doanh nghiep ngoai nha nude la 6.225.000 ddng/thang (trong cdng nhan doanh ngbiep tu nhan ehi dat muc thu nhap 4.588.000 ddng/thang); cua cdng nhan doanh nghiep 100% vdn nudc ngoai la 7.244.000 ddng/thang, va cua cdng nhan doanh nghiep lien doanh vdi nudc ngoai 10.448.000 ddng/thang [ U , lr.375] Nhu vay, cdng nhan lam viec d doanh nghiep lien doanh vdi nudc ngoai cd thu nhap binb quan cao nhat, cao ban cdng nhan doanh nghiep nha nudc va gap 2,3 lan cdng nhan lam viec cac cdng ty tu nhan Mat khac, sy chenh lech ve thu nhap gifta cac bp phan cdng nhan cung mpt doanh nghiep ciang cd xu hudng cang gia tang, nhat la d eac doanh nghiep cd vdn dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai (cd nhieu doanh nghiep muc chenh lech Khoa hgc xa bgi Viet Nam, sl - 2019 luang giua cdng nhan tryc tiep san xual va luong eua can bp quan ly, lanh dao doanh nghiep len tdi 14-15 lan) Xet theo nganh nghi san xuat kinh doanh thu nhap binb quan cua mdt ngudi cdng nhan nganh ndng, lam nghiep va thfty san la 4.562.000 ddng/thang; nganh khai khoang la 10.020.000 dong/thang; hong nganh cong nghiep che biln, che tao la 6.346.000 dong/thang; hong nganh xay dyng la 6.214.000 ddng/thang; nganh tai ehfnh, ngan hang va bao biem la 15.990.000 ddng/thang [11, tr.377-379] Chenh lech thu nhap eua ngudi cdng nhan d nganh cd thu nhap cao vdi nganh cd thu nhap thip la 3,5 lin Bd phan cong nhan cd thu nhap binh quan cao tap trung chu ylu d cac nganh san xuit kinh doanh co tfnh chat dpc quyln, nhftng nganh kinh te mui nhpn, ddi boi trinh dp tay nghe cao Xet theo viing mien, thu nhap binh quan thang cua ngudi cdng nhan d cac tinh, Ha Npi, Bac Ninh, Quang Ninh, Thai Nguyen, Tp Hd Chf Minh, D6ng Nai, Ba Ria Vung Tau la tren 7.000.000 ddng/thang; d cac tinh Thai Binh, Phu Thp, San La, Nghe An, Binh Thuan, Dac Lac la 4.500.000 trieu ddng/thang, d Bac Lieu chi dat 3.937.000 dong/thang; d Ba Ria - Vung Tau la 9.476.000 ddng/thang [11, tr.382383] Nhftng sd neu tren da chung minh rang, tinh trang phan lang ve thu nhap cang trd nen sau sac npi bp giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam 3.2 Phdn tdng ve trinh dp Tnnh dp hpc van va trinh dp tay nghe cua giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam hien cung cd su phan lang kha rd ret Ve tiinh dp hpc van ed sy phan hda sau sac gifta cac nganh 44 nghi, cac vimg mien va cac phan kinh tl Nam 2013 van cdn 3,1% sd cong nhan cd trinh dp tieu hpc, 26,8% cdng nhan cd trinh trung hgc ca sd, sd cdng nhdn cd trinh trung hpc phd thdng la 70,1% N I U chia tbeo nganh nghe, thi da phin cdng nhan d nganh san xuat kinh doanh, cd trinh dp hgc vin thip, ty Ie cdng nhan tot nghiep trung hpc phd thdng d nganh ndng, lam, thuy san cbi chilm gin 50%; ty Ie d nganh dich vu, thuong mai, dich vu la cao nhat (84,6%) [10, tr.61] N I U xet tnnh dp hpc vin theo loai hinb doanh nghiep tbi edng nhan lao ddng doanh nghiep nba nudc cd trmh trung hgc thdng la 70,2%, ty le dd d doanh ngbiep ngoai nha nudc la 70,7%, doanh ngbiep cd von diu tu nude ngoai la 69,7% [10, h.61] Ty le kha tuong duong Trinh dp chuyen mdn, ky nang nghe nghiep ciia cdng nhan Viet Nam hien cftng khdng ddng deu Theo khao sat ciia Vien Cdng nhan va Cdng doan nam 2014, ty le cong nhan chua qua dao tao chiem 8,8%; cdng nhan dugc dao tao tai cac doanh ngbiep ehiem 48,0%; cdng nhan cd tnnh dp trung cap chiem 17,9%; trinh dp cao dang chiem 6,6% va tnnh dp dai hpc chiem 17,4%[I0,tr.62] Ve moi tuong quan gifta trinh dp chuyen mdn, tay nghe vdi nganh, nghe san xuat kinh doanh, cdng nhan dugc dao lao chuyen mdn d cac nganh dich vu va thuong mai chiem ty Ie cao han so vdi nganh khac Cu the: cd 57,2% cdng nhan dugc dao tao chuyen mdn nganh thuang mai va dich vu; sd tuong ty nganh xay dyng, giao thdng van tai la 40,95%; cac nganh Ihuang mai, dich vy la 31,3%; nganh ca khf, dien tft la 23,3%; hong Nguyen Thi Thu Ha nganh del may la 28,9%; nganh giay da la thip nhit vdi 20,4% [10, h.63] Nhimg nam gan day, ca cau nen kinh te da xuat hien mdt sd nganh kinh te mui nhgn (nhu: dien lye, hda dau, ddng tau, cdng nghe thdng tin, edng nghe dien tft, hang khdng, dich vu, du lich, xuat khau ) O cac nganh nay, trinh hgc van, chuyen mdn, ky nang nghe ngbiep eua edng nhan dupc nang len dang ke; da hinb mpt bd phan cdng nhan trf thuc nang dpng, tiep can nhanh vdi khoa hpc - edng nghe bien dai, thfch ftng nhanh vdi co che thi trudng Vf dy, ty Ie tdt nghiep cao dang, dai hpc trd len tdng sd cdrig nhan (can bd, cdng nhan vien) cua Tap doan Dau khf Viet Nam la 43,3% Ty Ie a Tap doan Dien lye Viet Nam la 28,58%; d Tap doan Than - Khoang san la 16%; d Tap doan Buu ehfnh vien thdng la 26,5%; d Ngan hang Cdng thuong la 72,6%; d Ngan hang Ngoai thuang la 94,1%; d Ngan hang Chfnh sach xa hpi la , % [ , tr.l9] Thyc trang tren cho thay, mac du da cd nhieu chuyen bien tfcb eye, song trinh dp trinh dp chuyen mdn, ky nang nghe nghiep cua giai cap cdng nbSn Viet Nam cd sy phan ling kha ro Mdt ty le Idn cdng nhan chua dugc qua dao tao nghe tai eac trudng Idp, CO sd dao tao nghe chuyen nghiep Sd phan nhieu la nhung lao dpng ndng thdn va hpc sinh sau tdt nghiep phd thdng dugc cac doanh nghiep tuyen dung vao lam cac cdng viec gian dan, mang ifnh thdi vu Ddi tugng cd hieu qua cdng viec thap, ihu nhap khdng dn dinh, ddi song gap nhilu khd khan Ngugc Iai vdi bp phan la bd phan edng nhan tri thuc cd trinh dp cao Hg lam viec cac nganh cdng nghiep hien dai, ed thu nhap cao, eude song dn djnh va sung tue Sy phan tang ve trinh dp dan den sy phan tang ve thu nhap, mftc sdng, dieu kien sdng; dieu dd lam giam ti'nh doan ket cua giai cap 3.3 Nguyen nhdn cua sic phdn tdng giai cdp cong nhdn Viet Nam Thu nhdt, sy tdn tai cua nhieu hinh thftc sd hftu, nhieu phan kinh te la mgt nhftng nguyen nhan din den sy phan tang giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam Bdi vi, mpt tdn tai nhieu hinb thftc sd hiJu thi khdng phai Iiic nao Igi ich cua ngudi lao ddng, cua tap the ngudi lao dpng va ciia xa hdi cung ddng nhat Nhiing edng nhan cd CO phan cac cdng ty, nha may, xf nghiep se cd thu nhap eao; edn Iai nhftng ngudi khdng cd ed phan, ihu nhap se thap Hien nay, qua trinh cd phan hda dang dugc thuc day manh me, ty Ie cdng nhan cd cd phan (trong cac cdng ly, nha may, xf nghiep ) cang cao Sy Idn tai nbieu phan kinh te cung dan den tam Iy "con de", "con nudi" giai cap cdng nhan eac phan kinh te lien doanh, lien ket, nhieu doanh nghiep thu nhap chua cao va chfnh sach bao dam quyen lgi, lgi fch cho ngudi cung chua tdt Ngugc Iai, d Ihanh phan kinh te nba nudc van de dugc quan tam thuc hien tdt ban Thic hai, kinh le tbi tru'dng cftng la nguyen nhan dan den phan hda sue lao ddng giai cap cdng nhan Thi trudng lao dpng dang thieu cdng nhan Ianh nghe, thfta edng nhan lao dpng gian don Bd phan edng nhan lanh nghe de dang tim dugc viec lam va cd mue thu nhap cao, edn bd phan cdng nhan lao dpng gian dan khd tim dugc viec lam han va thu nhap cung thap hon, tham chf ed mdt bp phan cdn khong dupc thi trudng chap nhan 45 Khoa hpc xa hoi Viet Nam, so - 2(Ug_ Thti ba, su phat tii6n va iing dung khoa hpc - cong nghe vao san xuat la mot nguyen nhan din den su phan tSng vl trinh dp va thu nhap n-ong giai cip cong nhan Khi may moc dupc ung diing nhiSu san xuat thi dpi ngu cong nhan co trinh dp cao cang duoc dung Dac biet, a mot so ngaiih nghS moi (nhu dJu Idii, dien tit, tin hgc, vien thong ), nguoi cong nhan cin co trinh dp cao Thu nhap ciia bp phan ciing cao hon hjn so vai bp phan cong nhan lam viec cac nganh nghS truyjn thong Them niia, su hinh va phat triln cua nen kinh t6 tri thirc dang tao dpi ngii cong nhan tri thuc CO tri tue, trinh dp tay nghe cang cao Hp se dem lai mpt buoc nhay vpt ve nang suit, chit lupng lao dpng Thu nhap cua hp se tro nen cang cao so voi mat bing chung ciia xa hoi Kinh tl tri thitc cung se lam cho mpt bo phan cong nhan co the tro thit nghiep hoac b6 sung vao dpi quan lao dpng du bi Boi kinh tl tri thiic phat triln, CO ciu nganh kinh tc se co bien dpng manh Nhiing nganh cong nghiep truyen thing se giam din, mpt s6 nganh dich vu, nhQng nganh sii dung cong nghe tien tiln se gia tang Mpt bp phan khong nho cong nhan se tro nen tut hau, khong co kha nang thay dli dl thich nghi kip voi su bien dli cua CO ciu nganh nghe; bi danh bat khoi quy dao san xuat nhan theo hucmg truang va hucmg ve hat nhan giai cip Qua trinh lam tang cuong ti'nh thong nhit cho giai cip cong nhan Tuy nhien, nhihig han che, thieu sot viec hoach dinh chien Iuac phat trien giai cip cong nhan tac dpng tieu cue den qua trinh phan ting giai cap cong nhan Vi du: truoc day ca che bao cap da lam giam dpng luc phin dau dl vuon len dia vi cao han v l trinh dp van hoa, tay nghi, thu nhap cua cong nhan; viec sip xep, tinh gian bp may, giam bien che khien cho rit nhilu cong nhan miit viec lam, dan den phai nhat nilm tin, lung lay y thiic chi'nh tri ciia bp phan nay; viec quan ly, phan phoi phiic lai lao dong chua tit; dieu da lam gia tang chenh lech thu nhap qua Ion giiia cac bp phan cong nhan; t?o su each biet lan vl thu nhap va mite s6ng npi bp giai cap cong nhan Thir nam, giai cip cong nhan kh6ng it nguoi ngai hpc tap, cham doi moi, cham tilp thu khoa hpc va cong nghe hien dai, thu dpng flm kilm viec lam va ngai thay d6i nghi nghiep Nhieu cong nhan chua nhan thuc duac diy du vai tro, vj trf ciia minh ciing nhu cua giai cap rainh_; thilu tfnh tien phong guang mau; thieu no luc trau d l i hpc vin ky nang nghe nghiep Chfnh dilu da lam cho ho cang tra nen lac hau va co xu huong "ly tam", ho tro mpt tro luc tren duong dita Thu- tu, nhiing yeu to vi mo co anh giai cip cong nhan phat triln tien toi hien hucmg kha 1cm den su phan tang giai dai bit kip xu t h i cua giai cap cong nhan cap cong nhan Nhirng tac dpng tich cue, the gioi thuan chieu duong loi, chinh sach phat trien giai cap cong nhan cua Dang va Nha nuoc Viet Nam khien qua trinh phan 3.4 He qua ciia su phdn tang giai tang giai cap cong nhan dien theo cdp cong nhdn Viet Nam chieu thuan voi muc tieu "phat trien giai cip cong nhan Viet Nam ca ve so lupng va Truoc hit, cin khing dinh ring, khong phai chat lupng, trinh dp van hoa, tay nghe, giac mpi su phan hoa, phan ting giai cap ngp chfnh trj" Dieu niiy tao nen mpt qua cong nhan diu la tieu cue Tren mpt so mat, trinh chuyen dich Ion giai cap cong mpt s6 ITnh vuc, su phan ting se kich thfch 46 Nguyin Thi Thu Ha qua trinh phat trien cua giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam Nd ddi hdi ngudi cdng nhan phai nd luc phan dau nang cao trinh dp de dap ung yeu cau cua sy nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hoa (CNH), (HDH) dit nudc va hpi nhap kinh te qude te Trong giai doan hien nay, chung ta dang thuc hien nguyen tae phan phdi theo lao ddng, thi sy khae biet vl thu nhap cua ngudi cdng nhan (nhat la vdi nen kmh l l qua dp nhu nudc ta) la mdt tat yeu khdng thi hanh khdi Su phan phdi "binh quan", eao bang nhu hudc day lam thui chpl tai nang, lam mat y chf phan dau eua ngudi lao ddng Ben canh do, de thyc hien thang loi sy ngbiep day manh CNH, HDH dit nude, ehiing ta cung rat can mdi dpi ngQ cdng nhan cd trinh dp vugt trdi ve nang Iyc chuyen mon va ky nang nghe ngbiep Viec hinh va pbal trien dpi ngu cdng nhan tn' thftc la mdt doi bdi tat yeu Day la ddi ngu het sftc quan trgng, quyet dinb tuang Iai cua nen kinh le Viec dam bao va nang cao thu nhap cho bd phan cdng nhan la ca sd de chung ta xay dung dugc mdt ddi ngu cdng nhan tri thftc ddng dao, ddng gdp to Idn vao qua trinh xay dyng va phat trien dat nudc Sy phan tang cd mat tfch eye, vi la dau hieu phat trien ve ehat cua cdng nhan tren cae khfa canh nhu trinh dp hpc van, trinh dp chuyen mdn, ky nang nghe nghiep, y thftc giae ngp giai cap Tuy nhien, sy phan tang giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam hien cd nhiing ban che nhu sau Mpt la, sy phan tang giai cap cdng nhan lam giam nhip phat trien chung cua giai cap cdng nhan Su phan tang ve thu nhap dan den nhimg bat binh dang xa hdi, xuat hien mau thuan va lgi ich khac biet giua cae bd phan edng nhan cac phan, nganh kinh te khac va tham chi la ca rapt phan, mgt nganh kinh le; dieu dd tao sy phan hda giau ngheo npi bd giai cap cdng nhan Trong do, sft menh cua giai cap edng nhan la dau tranh cho sy tien bg va cdng bang cua xa hpi, day lui nhimg mau thuan va sy khac biet ve lgi fch ciia ngudi lao dpng Han the, tang ldp cdng nhan cd trinh dp thap, khdng theo kip su tien bp eua khoa hpc va cong nghe se bi tyt hau, va rat cd the bi dao thai ty nhien Hp budc phai quay trd Iai vdi dia vi eua giai cap ndng dan hoac gia nhap vao cac giai tang khac xa hdi, TLai la, sy phan tang giai cap cdng nhan lam giam tfnh thdng nhat, do^n ket giai cap cdng nhan Thieu tinh thdng nhat, doan ket, giai cap cdng nhan khdng the thuc bien thang lgi sft menh lich su cua minh Tren thyc te, ma cimg nam mdt giai cap, nhung thu nhap cua ngudi eong nhan d nhftng nganh, nhftng loai hinh doanh nghiep khac lai chenh den ca chuc lan, va tham chf, cd ca su mau thuan ve Igi feb, tbi hg khd trd mdt khoi thong nhat Khi trinb dp nhan thuc, trinh dp tay nghe, y thftc chfnh tri cua hp cd sy khae biet, thi hg se rat khd cd sy ddng thuan va tieng ndi chung Ba Id, phan tang giai cap cdng nhan tac ddng tieu cue den qua trinh thyc hien sft menh lich su ciaa giai cap Mdt bp phan cdng nhan, thu nhap cdn thap, chua du sdng, nen khd cd thdi gian va dieu kien de quan tam den eac van de chfnh tri xa hpi Su bang quan, thd a ve chfnh tri, su tai xuat hien tam ly lam thue d ngudi cdng nhan se la nguyen nhan Idn gay can trd giai cap cdng nhan doan kel dau tranh de thyc hien su menh cua giai cap minh 3.5 Gidi phdp hgn che nhicng tdc dPng tieu ciec cda qud trinh phdn tdng giai cdp cong nhdn Viet Nam Tiru nhdt, can xay dyng, hoan thien chfnh saeh tien lucmg cho ngudi cong nhan; dieu chinh muc luang tdi thieu chung tiep can 47 Khoa hgc xa hpi Viet Nam, so 2-2019 nhu ciu, mftc song toi thieu cua ngudi lao dpng va gia dinb hp; khic phuc chfnh sach tiln luong tdi thilu cdn thap nhu hien dl bao dam tiln trinh hdi nhap Viec dieu cbinh tiln luang tdi thieu chung phai tren ca sd tang trudng kinh te, kha nang chi tra ciia doanh nghiep, bien dpng chi so gia tieu dung (CPI), tuang quan mftc sdng gifta khu vuc nong thdn va thi, cac tang Idp dan cu, Thyc hien Ip trinh thdng nhat muc luang tii thilu va cd ca che tien luang cu the cho cac loai hinb doanh ngbiep Trong dd, can nghien cftu lam rd luan eft ve lien luong toi thieu viing va tfnh den kha nang chi tra cua doanh nghiep, nhat la doanh nghiep vfta va nho Ben canh dd, can md rpng quyen ty chii cua doanh nghiep viec xep luang, tra luong cbo ngudi lao dpng, phu thupc vao nang suat lao ddng va hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep Song, doanh ngbiep cung phai xay dyng cbinh sach tien luong phiJ hgp vdi dieu kien cua dan vi mmh, xay dung djnh mftc, dan gia lien luong, thang, bang luang, quy che tra luang theo sy hudng dan cua nha nudc; ap dung ca chi thda thuan thuc sy, dinh ky bang nam gifta cac ben ve tien luong doanh nghiep; nSng mat bing ehung thu nhap cua ngudi cong nhan, nit ngin sy chenh lech Ihu nhap cua hg Thu hai, can diy manh sy nghiep CNH, HDH gan vdi phat trien kinh tl tri thuc va chu dpng hpi nhap kinh l l quIc le nham nang cao nang suit lao dpng, cai thien thu nhap cho ngudi cdng nhan CNH, HDH (vdi npi dung ca ban la chuyin dli can ban, toan dien cac boat ddng san xuit, kinh doanh, dich vu va quan Iy kinh ll - xa hdi tft cho theo nhung quy trinh cdng nghe thu cong la chfnh sang sft dung mdi each pbl biln nhung quy trinh cdng nghe, phuong tien va phuang phap tien tien hien dai) tao nang suat lao ddng, hieu qua, trinh van minh kinh te - xa hgi cao Qua trinh gdp phan quan trgng nang cao nang suat, chit lugng lao dpng; dd la ca sd quan trgng dl cai thien thu nhap cua ngudi edng nhan Day ciang la tien de co ban de phat trien giai cap cong nhan theo budng trf thftc hoa, hinh thanb cang ddng dao bg phan cong nhan hf tbftc, tien tdi xoa dan ranh giai trinh dp giai cap edng nhan Thie ba, can nang cao trinh dp hpc vin, trinh chuyen mdn, ky nang nghe nghiep, timg budc tri thuc hda giai cap cdng nhan, Trong bat ky thdi dai nao, ve nguyen tac, tang trudng kinb te bao gid cung dugc quy dinh bdi nhan td ngudi vi xet den ciing, trinh dp ciia xa hdi thudc trudc het vao nang luc, trf tue cua ngudi lao dgng Vdi co che phan phdi tbeo bien thi thu nhap cua ngudi cdng nhan ti le thuan vdi trinh chuyen mdn, ky nang nghe nghiep va hieu qua lao ddng cua hp Vi vay, giao due dao tao la yeu to quyet dinh den chat Iugng giai cap cdng nhan tren mgi phuang dien Khi ngudi cdng nhan co trinb hgc van, tay nghe cao, cd trinh nam bat va sang tao cdng nghe mdi, thi hp thfch ftng dupc voi nhung ddi hdi cua lien bd khoa hpc va ky thuat, de dang tim kiem viee lam va moi trudng lam viec thuan lgi de nang cao thu nhap cua ban than Vi vay, yeu cau ciia giao due bdi canh hien la phai gan dao tao vdi viec lam, dao tao vdi su dung, dao tao dap ftng nhu cau cua xa hdi va theo hudng tri thuc hda, nhim nit ngin khoang each ve trinh dp giua cac bd phan giai cip cong nhan Thie tu, can tang cudng giao dye ban ITnh chfnh ti:i, y thuc giac ngp giai cip cho cong Nguyen Thj Thu Ha nhan Nang eao ban ITnh chfnh tri, f thftc giac ngd giai cap la van de het sftc quan trgng de giai cap cdng nhan thuc bien thang Igi sft menh lieh su cua minh Vi vay, can tang cudng giao due, bdi dudng y thftc giai cap, y chf each mang, nang cao ban ITnh chinh tri cho giai cap cdng nhan lam cho hg thyc sy vftng vang, kien dinh vdi muc tieu, Iy ludng cfta giai cap minh; cd long tin, cd quyet lam eao ung hd va thyc hien thang lgi dudng Idi ddi mdi dat nudc theo myc tieu "dan giau, nudc manh, xa hdi edng bang, dan chu, van minh" Can xay dyng niem tin khoa bpc vung chac cho cdng nhan, giftp cdng nhan nhan thftc rd dugc rang, sy ngbiep xay dyng chu nghTa xa hpi d nudc ta cdng hay khdng hoan toan phu thudc va sftc manh cua toan the giai cap edng nhan chft khdng phai chi d mdt vai lang Idp giai cap Ddi vdi bp phan edng nhSn cac doanh nghiep ngoai nha nudc va doanh nghiep cd vdn dau tu nudc ngoai, can phai giao due de hp hieu duge rang, lam viec d khu vyc ngoai qudc doanh eung cd gia tri nhu khu vyc quoc doanh Cdng nhan can phai tham gia phat trien eac phan kinh te vdi tinh than ty giac, cd y thue Id chftc ky luat cao, nang suat lao ddng tot (de nang cao thu nhap cua ban than, ddng thdi can phat hien, dau tranh ngan chan nhftng viec lam sai trai cua cac Id chirc lam cho khu vyc kinh te ngoai quoc doanh phat trien theo dung dinh hudng xa hpi chu nghTa) Ihl chfnh tri - xa hdi Cac cap Ianh dao phai thudng xuyen lang nghe y kien cua cdng nhan, quan tam dung mftc den dpi ngu cdng nhan cac phan kinh te Can xay dyng he thdng chfnh sach phu hgp de dam bao Igi fch cua mdi tang ldp va eua ca giai cap cdng nhan qua trinh day manh CNH, HDH dit nudc Hudng quan tam trudc tien la vai tro chu dao cua cdng nhan phan kinh te nha nudc can dugc tiep tyc xay dung va the hien rd tren thyc te Cdng nban phan kinb te nha nudc can phai vuon len bang chfnh su "an nen lam ra" cua minh, bang tfnh tien phong giai cap, giac ngp Iy tudng de lao "sue hut" ddi vdi cac tang Idp edn Iai giai cap cdng nhan Ben canh dd cung can ehii y den bp phan cdng nhan cac phan kinh le ed vdn dau tu nudc ngoai Can cd ca che giam sat va bao ve quyen Ipi cho ngudi cong nhan eac doanh nghiep thupc phan kinb te Ket lu^n Phan tang giai cap cong nhan la mpt van de xa hdi kha phftc tap va cd anh hudng khdng nhd den qua trinh thyc hien sft menh lich su cua giai cap Trong tuang lai, sy phan tang chua the mat di ma co the se dien manh me ban Vi vay, chien lugc xay dung giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam d nhung giai doan tiep tbeo, can nhimg Thic ndm, can tang cudng sy Ianh dao nghien cuu cu the va sau sat hem nfta ve van cua Dang, quan Iy cua Nha nudc va phat de nay, can tim giai phap hftu hieu nhat buy vai trd cua cac td eac chfnh tri - xa hdi nham budng sy phan tang giai cap qua trinh phat trien giai cap cdng eong nhan theo xu the "hudng tam", can lao nhan; tao sy ddng thuan, doan kel, gan bd nen sue manh, sy doan kel, thdng nhat trong giai cap cdng nhan la trach nhiem Idn giai cap hudng tdi myc tieu xay dung lao thupc vl Dang, Nha nudc va cac doan giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam thyc sy vihig Khoa hgc xa hgi VietNam, so - 2Q19 manh; tao tiln d l tiiuan lgi de giai cap cdng nhan thyc hien thing Igi su nghiep day manh CNH, HDH dit nudc [5] Pham Van Giang (2017) 5ir biin ddi cita giai cdp cong nhan Viet Nam dirdi tdc dgng cQa hpi nhdp quoc te hien Luan an Tien si, Hoc vien Chi'nh tri Quoc gia Ho Chi Minh, Ha Npi [6] Tai lieu tham khao Le H&u NghTa, Le Nggc Hiing (D6ng Chu bien) (2012), Ca cdu xa hoi phdn tdng m h$\ Irong diiu [1] Ban Tuyen giao Tmng irang (2008), Nghi quyil HOI nghi Trung uong 6, Khaa X Nxb [7] Chinh tri qu6c gia, Ha Ngi [2] phdt trien ly lugn ve giai cdp cong nhdn Vtet quoc gia Ha Ngi [8] Nguyen Dinh Tan (2CX)5), Ca cdu xd hoi vd phan [9] Nguygn Dinh Tin (Chii bien) (2010), Xu tdng xd hoi, Nxb Ly loan chi'nh In, Ha Ngi Nam dieu kien kinh te tht trudng, day manh cdng nghiep hda, Men dgi hoa vd hgi nhgp qudc te, Nxb Lao dgng, Ha Ngi [3] Dang cong san Viet Nam (2009), Vdn kien Hgi nghi Ban Chdp hdnh Trung irang Ddng khda X (Hpi nghi Idn ihu ba, lu, ndm, sdu, bdy vd chin), Nxb Chi'nh tn quoc gia, Ha No) [4] huang phdn lang xd hgi qud trinh phdl Irien kinh li Ihi truong d Viet Nam hien Nxb Lao dong, Ha Npi [10] Vii Quang Thg (Chii bien) (2015), Xdy dtmg loi sdng vdn hoa cua cong nhdn Vtit Nam • tj Pham Van Giang (2012), Xu hirdng van ddng ludn vd ihirc tiin, Nxb Lao dgng, Ha Noi ciia giai cdp cong nhdn Viet Nam Irong qud [11] Tong cue Thong ke (2017), Nien gidm tliong trinh doi mai, Nxb Chi'nh In quoc gia, Ha Ngi 50 Nguyen An Nmh (2008), Ve xu hudng cong nhdn hda d nudc ta hiin nay, Nxb Chinh Iri Hoang Chf Bao, Nguyen V\k Thong, Biii Dinh Bon (Dong Chii bien) (2010), Mdi sd van de kien ddi mdt d Viet Nam, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi ke ndm 2016 Nxb T h i n g ke, HaNgi ... hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, so 2-2019 dugc Ipi ich va quy tu nguyen vpng cho toan Ihl giai cdp D l i vdi giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam cung vay So vdi cac giai cap khac d Viet Nam hien nay, giai cap cdng... nhat trong giai cap cdng nhan la trach nhiem Idn giai cap hudng tdi myc tieu xay dung lao thupc vl Dang, Nha nudc va cac doan giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam thyc sy vihig Khoa hgc xa hgi VietNam,... chinh sach phat trien giai cap cong nhan cua Dang va Nha nuoc Viet Nam khien qua trinh phan 3.4 He qua ciia su phdn tang giai tang giai cap cong nhan dien theo cdp cong nhdn Viet Nam chieu thuan voi