THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
Nghi§n ciiu Gia d i n h v4 G l i s g - 2019 Sir hrimg d6ng giira va v i chO'ng hOn nhdn ii nfing th6n mie'n B^c glal floan 1976-1988 Nguydn Hk D6ng Vipn NghiSn cuu Gia dinh vi Gidi Tom tdt: Trong xa h^i Vi^t Nam truy&n tbffng, tieu chi m5n dang hd ddi giiia hai gia dinh gdc co y nghia ddc bi$t quan trpng, thdm chi la ygu tS ddu tien dugrc xem xet d^n quy^t djnh k^t hon Cung vdi nhimg thay ddi ddi sdng kinh tS, chinh trj va xd h^i, tJlm quan trpng ciia tieu chudn ciing co sy bi^n ddi K€t qud nghien cdu vl hon nhan giai doan 1976-1986 tai Thai Binh cho thdy cac ddu dn ciia mon dang hO ddi kha ro net, sy tiroTig xung, phu hop giua cdc ddc dilm ca nhan cda cdc cdp vp ch5ng cang duvc coi trpng K^t qud cho thdy vi$c lua chpn bgn ddi giai doan dang CO sy giao thoa giira cac ddc didm mon dang h$ ddi truyin thdng va ySu td mifi vl sy tmmg d6ng giija cac ca nhan Tir khoa: Hon nhan; Nong thon; Sy tiromg d&ng Ngay nhdn bai: 2/1/2019; chinh sd-a: 16/1/2019; duy^t dang: 11/2/2019 1.D|itvind4 Mon ddng hg doi c6 y nghTa d§c bipt quan trgng vipc lya chgn bgn ddi xd hgi Vipt Nam truyen thing Trong md hinh hon nhan cha mp sdp d?it, vipc kit hon khong phai la vipc cd nhan ciia hai ngudi ma Id sy li€n kit, lien minh cua hai gia dinh, t h ^ chi Id hai dong hg (Tran Dinh Nguyfin Ha Dong 19 Hugu, 1989; Mai Huy Bich, 1993) Vi vgy, mon ddng hg doi thgm chi Id yeu to dau tien dugc xem xet din ban den chuypn chpn vg, chgn chong (Phan Kl Binh, 2005: 53) "NghTa Id gia the doi ben nhd trai, nhd gai phdi tucmg ximg vdi va dja vj xd hdi ciia doi ben ciing phdi ngang Ken vg cho ngudi ta k6n dng chdu cha, cung nhu ken chong cho ngudi ta chii trgng den dong d6i cua chang r l " (Toan Anh, 1992: 173) Dudi tdc dgng mgnh m2 ciia nhiing thay doi ddi song kinh te, chinh trj vd xd hgi, tieu chuan lya chgn bgn ddi d Vipt Nam lien tyc biln doi Giai dogn 1976-1986 tiep tyc ghi nh§n sy giao thoa cua cdc yeu to truyen thong vd cdc yiu to mdi vi§c lya chgn bgn ddi Xu hudng chuyin doi khuon mSu hdn nhan td hon nhan cha mp sdp ddt sang hon nhan ty nguypn tren ca sd tinh yeu dugc khdng djnh nhieu nghien cuu (Khuat Thu Hong, 1994; U Nggc Vdn, 2007; Nguyen Hihi Minh, 1999) Cimg vdi sy bien doi ciia quyIn quyet djnh hdn nhdn, tiSu c h u ^ lya chpn bgn ddi giai dogn 1976-1986 cQng cd sy thay doi Tuy vipc so sdnh chi c6 tinh chat tuang doi so lugng cac tieu chi ciing nhu sy khac bi^t ciia cac tifiu chi timg nghien cdu nhimg cd nhdng bdng chung cho thdy khu6n mau gia dinh mon ddng h^ dii truyen thong dang dan dugc thay the bdi sy tucmg xung giira cac cd nhdn vl tinh cdm, nghe nghipp, hgc van (Nguyen Hiiu Minh, 2008) bode hon nhan tren ca sd tinh yeu la chinh (Mai Vdn Hai, 2004) Mgt so nghien cuu cho thay tieu chi ciing lang ciing que khong quan trpng nQa Dudng ban kinh ket hon ciia nhieu ngudi dd vugt khoi lijy tre lang, vuan sang xd khac, huypn khdc roi tinh khdc Sy md r^ng bdn kinh kit hon gdn lien vdi sy md rpng cdc gidi hgn ve mdt hanh chinh Cung vdi vipc md rpng hp thong giao thdng mdi, tinh bipt Igp cua lang xd viing chau tho song Hong xua khong ngimg bj pha vd Ngodi ra, anh hudng cua cugc khang chien chong My cuu nude vd "sy bien doi vdn h6a c6 chii djnh" vdi cac khau hipu vdn h6a mdi theo "ddi song mdi" vd dnh hudng.ciia Lugt Hon nhan vd gia dinh ndm 1959 ciing gop phan lam thay doi quan nipm "trau ta dn cd dong ta" (Mai Vdn Hai, 2004) Tren thyc te, giai dogn 1976-1986, nhiing d§c diem ve mon ddng hp dii vSn dugc tri khd r3 n^t nhu dilu ki^n kinh tl ciia cha mp vd uy tin cua gia dinh d dugc tri d muc rat cao (Vu Tuin Huy, 1995) Cd y kiln cho rdng tieu chi ve mon ddng hp doi thdi ky van cd tam quan trgng nhung ngi hdm ciia khai nipm ndy dd co sy thay doi Sy tuang xung ve dja vj chinh trj giiia hai cd nhan va hai gia dinh co vai trd quan trgng ban sy can bdng ve tdi sdn vd kinh t l giiia hai gia dinh nhu giai dogn trudc Vipc lya chgn bgn ddi bat chap thdnh phan chinh tii cd the dnh hudng tdi khd ndng thdng tien ve m$t chinh trj Ca quan cd thi tri hodn hodc phdn doi cugc hon nhan ciia hp Vl vgy, vipc tim kilm sy mdn ddng hg doi la 20 Nghidn cdu Gia dinh vd Gidi Quy6n 29, »61, tr 18-27 trdch nhipm ciia gia dinh nhung dd cd sy tham gia tri ciia nhd nude (Belangeri va Khult Thu Hong, 1995; Nguyen Ddc Chipn, 2008) Oil da chi dugc sy thay doi ciia ti8u chi mon ddng hg doi giai dogn 1976-1986 nhung nhm chung cac nghien cdu vl sy tuong dong mgt so ddc diem ca bdn giiia cac cdp vg chong cdn chua nhieu Cdc nghifin curu chii yiu dl cgp din yeu to mon cEng hg doi giOa hai gia dinh goc de bo sung cho ngi dung phan tich ve cdc tifiu chi lya chgn bgn ddi chu chua di sau vd phan tich rieng sy tuang done hon nhan giua vg va chong d gdc dg ca nhdn vd gia dinh Vi vgy, bdi viet tgp trung tim hilu ve sy tuong dong mgt so dgc diem ca iihan va gia dinh ca ban giOa vg vd chong hon nhdn giai dogn 1976-1986 d n6n§ th6n mien Bdc tren co sd phdn tich dd lipu dieu Ua "Gia dinh none thon Bdc Bg giai dogn 1976-1986" Vipn Nghifin cdu Gia dinh vd Gidi tiln hdnh tgi Thdi Binh ndm 2018 Ly thuyet tiivng d6ng hdn nhdn Khdi nipm sy tuang d6ng hon nhan thudng dugc dimg dl mieu td xu hudng kit hon giiia nhiing ngudi co cdc ddc diem tuong ty ve dp tuoi, ton gido Noi nhu Buss (1985), sy khac bipt doi hap dan nhung thyc tl ngudi thudng cd xu hudng kit hdn vdi nhOng ngudi giong minh Sy tuong dong cd thi dien d nhieu ddc diem td ngogi hinh, dg tuoi, dan tgc, ton giao, dja vj kinh tl xd hpi, tri tup vd khd ndng nhgn thuc, cdc d ^ diem cd nhdn vd quan nipm ve xd hpi Trong cdc tieu chi lya chpn bgn dcri, cdc djc tnmg vl dg tuoi, trinh dp hgc van, chiing tpc, tdn gido vd dan tpc la nhiing yeu to cd sy tuong dong mgnh nhat (Buss, 1985) Nhu vgy, sy tuong dong hay tuong xdng gii^ vg vd chong ciing dugc xem la tieu chi quan trpng mpt each vd thdc ho$c cd chii dich qua trinh lya chpn bgn dm Vipc lya chgn bgn ddi bj gidi hgn bdi cac co hpi g$p g5 vd tuong tac vdi ngudi khdc ciia moi ngudi Tuy nhien, cac ca hgi tuang tac khdng dugc phan bo ngau nhien ma phy thugc vao mgng xd hpi ciia hg, cy thi Id cdc boi cdnh xd hpi, cdc thiet chl xd hpi md ngudi tham gia Vi dy 40% nhdng ngudi ket hon giai dogn 1966-1985 d Ha Lan la bgn cung trudng, hdng xdm, dong nghipp, cimg tham gia cdc nhdm ty nguypn ho$c quen bilt qua gia dinh Ngay ca nhiing ngudi gdp ngau nhien ben ngodi ndm thiet chl bien nay, van cd mgt so lugng dang ke cac c§p vg chong tuong dong nhau, d$c bi^ ve dO tuoi Cac co hpi tuong tac chinh Id nhan to quan trgng khien cho ngudi thudng lya chgn bgn ddi td nhihig ngudi tuong dong vl ddc tnmg vdn hda ho$c xd hgi doi vdi hg (Kalmijn vd Flap, 2001) Cac kit qua nghien cuu dd khdng djnh tam quan trgng ciia sy tuong ding ve dp tuoi (trong dd ngudi chong cd xu hudng Idn ban mgt vdi tuoi), dja vj kinh tl - xd hOi, tdn gido vd dan tgc, chiing tgc, vj tri dja ly vd cic ddc diem cd nhan vd x3 hgi khdc quyet djnh ket hdn (Buss, 1985; Husain va Firdous, 1993) Dong thdi, cdc yiu to nhu sy tucmg d6ng vl NguySn Ha Dong 21 trinh d^ hgc van hay tam hon cung cdng dugc coi trgng hon Ket qud nghien cihi cho thay suot giai dogn 1939-1996, cd phy nii va nam gidi d Hoa Ky deu ngdy cdng danh gid cao vai trd ciia cdc tieu chi nhu sy hap dan vd yeu thuang lln hay trinh dg hgc van (Buss vd c^ng sy, 2001) Sy tuong dong vl trinh dp giao dye va nguon goc xd hgi lya chgn bgn ddi dugc xem la tuong dii In djnh suit thi ky XX (Warren, 1966, dan theo Husain vd Firdous, 1993) Nhu dd phdn tich d tren, mgt so kit qua nghien cuu cho thay khudn mlu hdn nhdn giai dogn 1976-1986 d Vipt Nam, tieu chi mdn ddng hp doi giiia hai gia dinh goc dang dan dugc thay thi bdi sy tuong dong giiia cac ca nhan (Mai Vdn Hai, 2004; Nguyen Hihi Minh, 2008) Ngugc lgi, cung cd y kiln cho rdng sy mdn ddng hO dii van cd y nghTa quan trgng (Vu Tudn Huy, 1995; Belangeri vd Khuat Thu Hong, 1995; Nguyin Due Chi^n, 2008) Ap dyng ly thuyet tuong dong hdn nhdn, nghien cuu ndy phan tich muc dp giong ve cac ddc dilm cd nhan vd gia dinh giiia cac cdp vg chong d ndng thdn miln Bdc kit hdn giai dogn 1976-1986 de so sdnh tiim quan trpng cua cdc nhdm tiSu chi ndy S6 li^u vk biin s6 Nghien cuu su dyng du lipu dieu tra ciia de tai "Gia dinh ndng thdn Bdc Bg giai dogn 1976-1986" Vipn Nghien cdu Gia dinh vd Gidi thyc hipn ndm 2018 (td ddy ggi tdt Id Dilu tra 2018) tgi Thdi Binh Dung lugng mau djnh lugng dimg dl phan tich Id 410 ngudi td 50 din 82 tuli dd kit hdn giai dogn 1976-1986 Nghien cdu cung phSn tich dd lipu djnh tinh gom 12 phdng van sau vd thao lu$n nhdm gom nhihig ngudi dan ket hdn giai dogn ndy dl Idm r5 hon vai trd ciia sy tuong dong hdn nhdn Trong qud trinh phdn tich, nghien cdu sd dyng thgm dd li§u dieu tra djnh lugng ciia de tdi "Gia dinh ndng thdn Bdc Bp giai dogn 1960-1975" Vien Nghien cdu Gia dinh vd Gidi thyc hipn ndm 2017 (td ddy gpi tdt Id Dieu tra 2017) tgi Thdi Binh dl so sanh them v l xu hudng biln dii ciia sy tucmg ding hdn nhan N I U nhu tieu chi mdn ddng hd dii xd hpi truyen thong chi xem xet din sy tuong xung ve dja vj va dilu kipn kinh te cua hai gia dinh goc, nghien cdu nay, mdc dp tuong dong gida vg vd chong hdn nhan giai dogn 1976-1986 dugc d hai gdc dp gom cdc d$c dilm vl gia dinh (hay cdn ggi Id mdn ddng hp doi) vd m^t so d$c diem cd nhdn Cdc d$c dilm vl gia dinh gom tdn gido, hodn cdnh kinh te, thdnh phdn gia dinh vd mdi trudng Idn len Do quan nipm mdn ddng hg doi, phy nd thudng kit hdn vdi ngudi chong cdng thdnh phan gia dinh vd cd ciing dilu kipn kinh tl Phy nd cung thudng chgn ngudi chong hon ho$c it nhat Id bdng minh v l dO tuli vd tuong dong ve trinh dg hgc van V i ' v^y, sy tuong dong vl thdnh phdn gia dinh gida hai vg chong gim hai 22 Nghidn cdu Gia dinh vd Gid) Quyin , , tr 18-27 gia trj: (1) hai gia dinh goc cung phan va (2) hai gia dinh goc khdc thdnh phan Biln so tuong dong ve hodn canh kinh te dugc xay dyng gom hai phucmg an (1) tuong dong (hai gia dinh glc cd hodn cdnh kinh tl ngang nhau) vd (2) khdng tuong dong (gia dinh chong cd dieu ki§n kinh tl cao ban ho^c thap hon gia dinh vg) Muc dg tuong dong ve tdn gido gom hai phuang dn (1) hai vg chong cung tdn gido va (2) hai vg chong khac tdn giao Do tinh chat kh^p kin cua Idng xd Vipt Nam, biln so sy tucmg dong vl mdi trudng Idn len dugc chia thdnh hai phucmg dn gIm (1) cimg xd vd (2) khdc xd Sy tuong dong gida vg vd chong vl cdc d$c diem ca nhan dugc qua hai yeu to gom dp tuoi vd trinh d$ hgc van Phy nd thudng cd xu hudng kit hdn vdi ngudi ban, ho§c it nhdt Id bdng minh vl dp tuoi Vi vgy, sy tuong dong ve dg tuoi dugc nhdm hai phuang an gom (1) tuong dong (ngudi chong cd dg tuoi bdng hodc cao hon vg) va (2) khdng tucmg dong (chong kem tuoi vg) Yeu to dg tuoi dugc m3 hda thdnh hai phuang dn gom (1) tuong dong (hai vg chong cd cimg trinh dg hpc van hay ciing cap hpc) va (2) khdng tuong dong (ngudi chIng cd trinh d$ hpc van cao ho$c thap hem vg) Svr bfcmg d6ng gi£>a vAukl(nklnht< • 1960-1975 Ciing thfin.xS 11 - Tliinhphln Nguyin Ha Dong 23 Sy tucmg dong cao nhat vd gan nhu tuypt dii vl tdn gido giiia vg va chong (xap xi 100%) cho thay sy nghiem ngdt ciia cac quy tdc tdn gido cung nhu vai trd cua gia dinh vipc gin gid tdn gido goc cua minh Khodng each qua Idn giiia cdc tdn gido khdng chi dUn din sy phdn doi td gia dinh md ban than ngudi trd Idi cung bj ndn Idng yeu ngudi khdc tdn giao Ket qua phdng van djnh tinh ciing ghi nhgn nhilu trudng hgp cdc cdp ddi khdng den dugc vdi sy khdc bipt vl tdn giao *Cd theo ben luong Trudc ddy cd cung thich mOt chii ben d^o nhung md b6 mp khdng cho lay ngn Id thoi Trudc ngudi ta ben dgo ngudi ta khdng thich cho Idy ben luorng, khong nhu bdy gid tdi thdy ben luong hay bdn dgo Idy dcm gidn Idm Y6u dugc vdi thdng, bdn ngudi ta bi^t, ngudi ta khdng ddng y, minh cung nhdng Bdn nhd minh, bo mp khdng biet vl minh giau* (PVS nd, ket hdn ndm 1962) I d cung Ididng mudn lay ngudi ben luong vi thd ciing cung khdc nhau, roi lugt hdn nhdn cung khdc Ngdy xua sy hd khdc ciia iugt bSn luong, bgn gido nd khdc nhieu Idm chd khdng nhu bdy gid" {PVS nd, ket hdn ndm 1984) Muc dp mdn ddng hg doi hay sy tuong dong gida thdnh phan gia dinh vd dieu kipn kinh te gida nhOng cdp vg chong ket hdn giai dogn 1976-1986 thupc nhdm nhiing yeu to cd sy tuong dong rat cao: sy tucmg dong ve thdnh phdn gia dinh dgt ban 98% vd sy tuong dong vl dilu kipn kinh te xap xi 95% So vdi giai dogn 1960-1975, ty If tuong done hai yiu to ndy cd xu hudng tdng nhp Kit qud ndy mgt phan bdt nguon td dieu kipn kinh te - xd hpi thdi bay gid Nhin chung, giai dogn nay, dgi da so ngudi dan lam ndng nghipp va ddi song kinh te rat ngheo, th|im chi la thieu ddi, ddc bipt vdo miia giap hgt (Dang bp huypn Quynh Phy, 2009) M^t khdc, kit qud ndy cung phan nao phan dnh sy phi biln ciia quan nipm ve mdn ddng hg doi xd hgi giai dogn ndy Ket qua nghien cuu djnh tinh cho thay mdn ddng hp doi khdng chi gdp phdn vao sy tuong xung, hda hgp gida cac c$p vg chong, ma quan trpng hon, cdn cd thi quylt djnh sy thdnh bgi cua hdn nhan Ddng luu y la quan nipm ndy khong chi xuat phat td cha mp md cdn chju sy chi phoi cua chinh cac cdp vg, chong 'Urn bd mp chd Id gia dinh nhd cd ndy nghdo qud khdng mdn ddng hd ddi ching hgn thi cung khdng cho cudi Hodc cd nhd cd ndy gidu qud, sau ndy vk sdng vdi vp l^i khinh gia dinh minh, cd Id bd mp cung khdng cho Idy ddu'(TLN) 'Khdng nhdt thi^t phdi Idy ngudi cd hodn cdnh gidu c6 nhung hai gia dinh hodn cdnh cung phdi gdn gdn nhu nhau, nhu v$y d i n vdi mdi d§, chdnh l ^ h qud thi khd Idm Nhi^u ddi k^ cd cd yeu thim thi^t md chdnh Igch qud thi cung khdng d i n vdi dugc* (TLN) Tuy cdc quan nipm ve ty hdn nhan, ty yeu duong dd dugc quy djnh phap lugt vd dugc chinh quyen tich eye tuyen truyen td nhdng 24 Nghidn cdu Gia dinh vd Gidi Quyin 29, sd 1, tr 18-27 ndm 1945, d ^ bi§t tu sau Lugt Hdn nhan vd gia dinh ndm 1959, quan nipm ve mdn ddng hg doi van dugc bao luu Dieu phan nao cho thay nhiing quan nif m truyen thing, cdc gid trj vdn hda trayen thing van cd sdc dnh hudng nhat djnh, van cd sdc song bin bi xd hgi giai dogn ndy bdt chdp cdc can thipp ve phdp lugt va chinh sdeh Sy tucmg dong ve dja bdn cu tru chilm ly I? nhd nhdt vd gan nhu khdng cd sy thay dii gida hai giai dogn 1960-1975 vd 1976-1986 vdi xap xi 63% ngudi trd Idi idy vg/chong Id ngudi Idn len cdng Idng, xd Tuy kit qua phan tich td phdn tren cho thdy ding huong khdng phdi Id tieu chi quan tn?ng dl lya chpn bgn ddi giai dogn 1976-1986 (Mai Vdn Hai, 2004) nhung van cd tdi hai phan ba so ngudi trd Idi kit hdn vdi ngudi cimg Idng, xd Ket qud ndy cho thdy dudng ban kuih kit hdn dd cd xu hudng md rpng, md hinh hdn nhdn giai dogn 1976-1986 van chu yiu diin phgm vi lang, xd Ndi each khdc, khdng gian kit hdn hay ttij trudng hdn nhdn vSn phgm vi Idng, xd Id chinh Dieu ndy dugc gidi thich sy hgn chl ciia dudng sd vd phuang ti$n giao thdng thdi ky bay gid Tuy nha nude ndi chung vd chinh cpiyln huy$n Quynh Phy ndi rieng dd dau tu nang c ^ vd cdi thipn hf thing giao thdng nhung nhin chung vipc di lgi van gdp nhilu khd khdn, h$ thing giao thdng cdng cgng nhu xe khdch chua phdt triln, vl thi ngodi nhiing dgt di dan chinh thuc chinh quyIn t l chdc di xay dyng ddi song kinh te mdi, da so cu dan van sinh hogt vd Idm vipc tgi Idng, xd (Ddng bg huypn Quynh Phy, 2009) Co hgi S^ gd vd tucmg tdc cua cd nhan hay mgng ludi xd hgi ciia cd nhan giai dogn ndy cdn rat hgn che da so ngudi dan 1dm ndng n ^ i p p vd phgm vi ng^l n ^ p p van bd hpp mdi tnrdng ndng nghipp-ndng thdn Mdi tnrdng lang xd van la mdi trudng co bdn de cd nhan lam quen vd tim hieu (Nguyen Hd £)dng, 2018) Chinh sy khd khdn ve giao thdng khien cho nhieu trudng hgp nign di xa nhd nhu di bO dpi hay Idm cdng nhan van quylt d ^ vl que idy vg dl thugn tipn cho chdm sdc gia dinh hai ben, d$c bipt Id gia dinh ben ngi Tdi di bd ddi ddng qudn d mi^n Nam Thdi gian ddy cQng c6 mdt cd rdt thich tdi Cd ly luc diy Id phd phdng thuong nghiap cua qu^n Gd Vlp, gia dinh cd dy cung rdt thich tdi Thdi ddy dudng sd di Igi ^ khdn llm ndn tdt khdng xdc djnh Idy vg ndy, tdi mdi vi qud chd binh thudng bgn bd cd nhd d thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh hit Tdi Id trudng ndn tdi phdi v& Tdi cQng cd tinh cim vl di ddu cd dy cQng nhd tdi di ciing nhu di ddm cudi, ddm xin hay Id di cdng vi$c gi Tuy nhign tdi xdc djnh vl qud Idy vg ndn tdi thdi' (PVS nam, kit hdn ndm 1979) 'Quan trpng Id d xa H&i dy cung thdy thuong nhung md khdng dugc, khodng cdch xa qud Gid d gdn thI khdng bao gid Idy chu ndy Hfii ly Id nggi di xa Idm Bdy gid, xudng Thdi Thgy nd dcm gllin chd trudc Id xa Idm diy Nguy8n Ha Dong 2S Tnrdc kia, chi thdn xdm, qud Idm di ngodi xd thdi, chd khdng nhu gid Gid md xudng Thdi Thpy thi khdng Id cdi gi' (PVS nd, k i t hdn ndm 1978) D o i v d i m g t so phy n d , idy c h o n ^ gan ciing t r d thdnh m p t nhihig tieu chi quan trgng cho q u y l t djnh lya chgn bgn dcri 'Ly Id chil d gdn nhd cd T h i Id bdc cd tile mdn dua chdu Idn Mpt ding thi dua chdu ten, mdt ddng cd ndi vdi cd Id: Thdi chdu g, chim dgu chd bdt Igi chd diim bay Thdi thi bdc 06 6(ra chdu, lly nd di d l di lgi ( ^ nd gan Thdi v& day cho Idm mn ddu trudng cho nd gpi Id y hgp md Thi, cd Idm ddu trudng' (PVS nd, kit hdn ndm 1978) Trong cdc yeu to lidn quan den cd nhan, dp tuoi va hpc van cung cd mdc d0 tucmg dong cao gida hai vg chong Khoang 92% ngudi vg lay chong bdng ho^c nhilu tuoi ban Kit qua ndy trdi ngugc vdi thyc trgng lay vg han tuoi xd hgi truyen thong Trong cdc gia dinh ndng thdn truyen thong, kit hdn khdng chi vi myc dich noi ddi tdng dudng md cdn nhdm bo sung nhan lye lao dgng cho gia dinh, vi vgy, gia dinh thudng lay vg ban tuoi cho ("gai hon hai, trai hon mpt") Sy djch chuyin sang xu hudng lay chong han tuoi cd the phdn ndo Id kit qud cua cdc quy djnh ve tuoi kit hdn Lugt Hdn nhdn vd gia dinh ndm 1959 Dieu Lu|it quy djnh rd: "con gai td 18 tuoi trd len, trai td 20 tuoi trd len mdi dugc ket hdn" Kit qud ndy ciing phu hgp vdi xu hudng tuong dong mgnh ve dp tuoi gida cac cdp vg chIng ly thuyet tuong dong hdn nhan (Buss, 1985) v l trinh dp hgc van, ty 1§ tuong ding vl trinh dg hgc van giiia vg vd chIng giai dogn 1976-1986 dgt mdc khd cao, xap xi 70% vd cd xu hudng tdng len dang ke so vdi giai dogn 1960-1975 Kit qua gdn liln vdi vipc ^ y mgnh cdc phong trdo binh dan hpc vy, cap tieu hpc vd hudng tdi cgp trung hgc co sd giai dogn Nhu vgy, cdc c$p vg chong kit hdn giai dogn 1976-1986 d ndng thdn mien Bdc cd sy tucmg dong rat cao cd cdc d$c trung ciia gia dinh vd ca nhan Sy tuong dong cao nhat vd chilm ty Ip gan nhu tuypt doi la yiu to tdn gido phan gia dinh va dieu kipn kinh te cung cd mdc dO tuong dong rdt cao Sy tuong xdng giOa cdc c$p vg chong vl hgc vdn, dO tuoi thap hem nhung van chilm ty 1? Idn Sy tucmg ding gida cdc c^p vg chong kit hdn d ndng thdn miln Bdc giai dogn 1976-1986 mgt m§t vda la sy khdng djnh Igi I]? thuyet ve sy tuong dong hdn nhan, mgt m§t cung phii hgp vdi bli cdnh kinh te xd hgi chung ciia dat nude thdi ky bay gid 5.KMlu$n Kit qud ndiien curu ve hdn nhan giai dogn 1976-1986 cho thay cd sy tuong dong rat cao giOa vg vd chong cd cdc d$c dilm cd nhdn va gia dinh Trong cac ddu an cua hdn nhan truyin thong cdn kha F5 net (mdn 26 Nghidn cdu Gia dinh vd Gidi Quyin 29, s i 1, tr 18-27 ddng hp doi giira hai gia dinh goc), sy tuong xung, phii hgp giiia cdc ddc diem cd nhdn ciia cdc cdp vg chong cdng dugc coi trpng Ket qua cho thay vipc lya chgn bgn ddi giai dogn ndy dang cd sy dung hda giiia cdc d$c diem mdn ddng hp doi truyen thong vd yeu to mdi ve sy tuong dong giiia cac cd nhdn Ndi each khdc, md hinh hdn nhan giai dogn ndy van cd sy giao thoa giiia cdc yeu to truyen thong va hi^n dgi tgo nen net dpc ddo cua hdn nhan giai dogn ndy Mdt khac, kit qua mgt idn nua khdng djnh xu hudng kit hdn giua nhihig ngudi cd cdc d$c dilm tuong ty nhau, ndi cdch khdc, khdng djnh y nghTa ciia ly thuylt tucmg ding hdn nhan Cung vdi sy djch chuyen md hinh hdn nhdn cha mp sdp d$t sang md hinh hdn nhan tren co sd tinh yeu, sy tuong xdng giiia cac cd nhan vl d^ tuoi vd hpc van hdn nhan giai dogn 1976-1986 rat dugc coi trpng Vi^c de cao sy tuong dong vl ddc trung cd nhan giiia vg va chong cho thay nhdng ngudi kit hdn giai dogn ndy dd chu $ hon tdi sy phCi hgp vl tdm bin, tinh cdm Nhiing d$c dilm mdn ddng hg dii vln dugc tri khd rd n^t khudn mau hdn nhan giai dogn 1976-1986 (Vu Tudn Huy, 1995) Sy tuang dong cao gan nhu tuypt doi gida vg va chong ve thdnh phan gia dinh, tdn giao vd mdc song cho thay tieu chi mon ddng hg dii dd dn sau vdo cdc chuan myc ve chgn vg, chgn chong Tat nhi€n, dilu ndy mgt phan ciing bdt nguon td boi cdnh xd hgi chung ndng dan Id thdnh phdn chilm da so ca cau xd hgi va ddi song nhan dan ndi chung cdn nghdo, thgm chi la thieu ddi Dii ban kinh dudng kit hdn dugc md rgng khdi phgm vi Idng xd (Mai Vdn Hai, 2004), anh hudng mgnh ciia mdi tnrdng Idn len tdi hoan cdnh gdp gd lan dau va sy tuang ding d mdc cao vl mdi trudng Idn len gida vg vd chong cho thay Idng xd vSn Id thj trudng hdn nhan co bdn cua cac cd nhan d ndng thdn giai dogn 1976-1986 Dilu ndy mgt phan bdt nguon tu sy hgn chl ve giao thdng, mpt phan phan dnh tinh tgp the cao cdc hogt dgng ca bdn ciia ngudi dan td lao dgng sdn xudt din vdn hda, vdn nghp Tuy k l hogeh ndm 1981-1985, khodn sdn pham dd dugc dp dyng ndng nghipp nhung khau sdn xudt van HTX chju trdch nhipm Vi vgy, cac ca nhan ciing Idng, xd cd nhieu co hOi de quen bilt, gdp gd Ding thdi, theo ly thuylt tuong dong hdn nhdn, co hpi tuong tdc chinh Id nguydn nhdn quan trgng dan din xu hudng kit hdn tuong dong (Kalmijn va Flap, 2001) Vi vgiy, vipc gidi hgn phgm vi hogt dgng, tuang tdc chinh ciia ca nhan khudn vign lang xd cung chinh Id mgt nguyen nhan gdp phan tri sy tucmg dong cao gida cac c$p vg chong giai dogn ndy.B Nguyin Ha Dong 27 Tdi li^Q trfch dSo Belangeri, Khuat Thu Hong 1995 "Mdt so biln doi hdn nh3n vd gia dinh d Hd Npi nhCmg ndm 1965-1992." Tgp chi Xa hgi hgc 5(42), tr.27-41 Buss, Shackelford, Kirkpatrick, Larsen 2001 "A half century of mate selection: The cultural evolution of values." Journal of Marriage and the Family, 63:491-503 Buss, David 1985 "Human mate selection." American Scientist, 73:47-51 D^g bO huy^n Quynh Phy 2009 "Ljch sd DSng bd huy§n Quynh Phy (19752005)" Nxb Lao dpng, Hd Npi Husain, Firdous 1993 Human mating behavior New Delhi Northern Book Centre Kalmijn, Matthijs, Flap, Henk 2001 "Assortative Meeting and Mating: Unintended Consequences of Organized Settings for Parteer Choices." Social Forces 79(4):\2S9-\3\2 Khuat Thu Hong 1994 "Sy hinh thdnh ^ a dinh ndng thdn hoan cdnh kinh tl xd hdi mdi." Tgp chiXa hgi hgc, Sl 2, tr.76-84 L6 Ngpc Vdn 2007 "M6 hinh tim hilu vd quylt djnh hdn nhan d ndng thdn Vi^t Nam thdi ky Doi Mdi." Tgp chiXS hgi hoc, Sl 3, U.24-36 Mai van Hai 2004 "Tim hieu vdn hda likng Vi^t vOng chdu thi sdng Hong qua sy bien dii dudng b ^ kinh kit hdn hem nda thi kj." Tgp chiXd hdi hgc So (88),tr.51-60 Nguyen Ddc Chipn 2008 "Chuyin doi mau hinh kit hdn cOa ngudi Vipt d dong bdng sdng Hong qua mpt sl nghidn cihi xd hpi hpc gan day." Tap chi Nghien dru Gia dinh vd Gidi, Sd l,tr.20-33 Nguyen Hd Ddng 2018 "Hodn cdnh tim hilu bgn ddi ndng thdn Bdc Bp giai do^n 1976 -1986 vd cdc yeu to tdc dpng." Tgp chi Nghien ciru Gia dinh vd G/OT, Sl6,tr.43-53 Nguyen Hihi Minh 1999 "QuyIn ty lya chpn bgn ddi d mpt so tinh dong bdng sdng Hong: tmyen thing vd biln dii." Tgp chiXa hgi hgc So (65), tr.2839 Nguyen HQu Minh 2008 "Khudn mdu lya chpn bgn ddi d Vipt Nam: trayen thing vd biln dii." Bdi viet dupe trinh bdy tgi Kyyiu Hgi thdo qudc ti Viet Nam hgc lan 3, Tieu ban Xd hpi Vi^t Nam Phan Ke Binh 2005 Vi^t Nam phong tuc Nxb Vdn hpc Hd Ndi Toan Anh 1992 Nep cu nguai Vi?t Nam Nxb Thdnh phi Hi Chi Minh Thdnh phi Ho Chi Minh ViiTuanHuy 1995 "Nhihig khia cgnh ciia sy biln dii gia dinh." TgpchiXahgi A(jc, So 4(52), tr 13-26 ... tl dong thdi ciing cd sy tdng nhp giai dogn 1976- 1986 so vdi giai dogn 1960-1975 Bilu Mpt si d$c diem tinmg dong giOa vp vd ch6ng giai dogn 1960-1975 vd 1976- 1986 (%) HpcvSn €>Aukl(nklnht< • 1960-1975... hdn giai dogn 1976- 1986 de so sdnh tiim quan trpng cua cdc nhdm tiSu chi ndy S6 li^u vk biin s6 Nghien cuu su dyng du lipu dieu tra ciia de tai "Gia dinh ndng thdn Bdc Bg giai dogn 1976- 1986" ... dinh ca ban giOa vg vd chong hon nhdn giai dogn 1976- 1986 d n6n§ th6n mien Bdc tren co sd phdn tich dd lipu dieu Ua "Gia dinh none thon Bdc Bg giai dogn 1976- 1986" Vipn Nghifin cdu Gia dinh vd Gidi
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