JOURNAl OF SC1F.NCE OF HNUH Social Science, 2017, Vol 62, Iss 11, pp 167-176 This paper is available online al hup://sidb.hnue,edu.vn DOI, 10.18173/2354-1067,2017-0102 S U D U N G HIEU QUA LAO D O N G T H A N H P H O HAI P H O N G Td Thi H d n g N h u n g Khoa Dta li, Tnfflng Dai hoc Sit phgm Hd Ndi Tom tat Sfl dung lao dong co vai tro quan ddi vdi lang irUdng va phat trien kinh te ndi chung, Hai Phong la mgt ihanh tiidng dfli dong dan, ngudn lao dong ddi dao nen vin de sfl dung lao dgng hieu qua lai cang cd y nghTa quan trgng Trong nhflng nam qua, luc IUdng lao dgng dong dao ciia Hai Phong da dUdc sfl dijng cang hieu qua hdn Tuy nhien mflc hieu qua sfl diing lao dong ciia ihanh phd van nhflng han che nhil dinh, ddi hdi phai cd nhflng bien phap hflu hieu nhim nang cao hieu qua va sfl dung hdp If nguon lUc quan trgng Tif khim: Sfl dung lao dgng, Hai Phong, hieu qua Md dau Sfl dung lao dong co vai tro quan trgng doi vdi lang irfldng va phat trien kinh te ndi chung Sfl dung lao ddng hieu qua khong chi gdp phan phai huy sflc manh cua ngudn nhan luc, mpt nhflng nguon lUc cd ban cho tang trUdng, phat trien ma gop phan dang ke viec giai quylt nhieu van de xa hgi quan trgng Mflc hieu qua sfl dung lao ddng dUdc danh gia thdng qua nhieu tieu chf khac Hai Phdng la mot ihanh phd tfldng ddi ddng dan, ngudn lao ddng ddi dao nen van dl sfl dung lao ddng hieu qua lai cang cd y nghTa nhieu mat va cin dfldc danh gia day du Tuy nhien, hau nhfl chUa cd nghien cflu nao di sSu vao vin de sfl dung lao ddng cung nhu danh gia mflc dp hieu qua Irong sfl dung lao ddng d Ihanh phd Hai Phdng Cac nghien cflu cd chang mdi chl de cap den mgt vai khfa canh c\i the, vf du nhU sfl dung lao ddng cac khu cong nghiep [15], hay tap Irung vao mdt phan thUc trang ngudn lao ddng cua nhU nghien cflu ve ngudn nhan lUc khoa hgc cdng nghe irong cac cdng trinh [10, 14] Bai bao nham phan tfch, danh gia mflc hieu qua sfl dung lao dong cua Hai Phdng thong qua mot sd chl tieu cd ban nhu quy mo, ll trpng, tdc tang lao dgng cd viec lam, ti le thit nghiep thilu viec Iam, vi Ihe viec Iam, nang suit lao ddng, thu nhap Noi dung nghien ciiu 2.1 Q u y m o va tdc gia tang lao d o n g co viec l a m Quy md va toe gia tang lao ddng cd viec lam la chi tieu dau lien can xem xet danh gia mflc hieu qua sfl dung lao dgng Cang cd nhieu ngUdi tham gia vao Ihi IrUdng lao Ngay nhan bai: I.V7/20I7 Ngay sfla bar 31/8/2017 Ngay nhan dang- 20/10/2017 Lien he' To Thi Hong Nhung e-mail toliotignhiingint(nigniail com ToThj Hong Nhung dgng, cang cd them nhieu viec lam mdi dUdc tao cho ngUdi lao dong thi cang chflng to rang luc IUdng lao ddng da dUdc huy dgng vit sfl dung hieu qua ft nhat la ve mat sd lUdng Day cung la cd sd de lien gan hdn den mflc idan dung lad d6ng Ddi vdi phd Hai Phong, sd lUdng va ti le lao dgng cd viec lam da hen tuc lang len nhflng nam qua Nam 2015, sd ngfldi cd viec lam cua T P Hai Phong la 1.090.355 ngudi, IUdng dUdng vdi khoang 55,5% dan sd toan pho, lang them diem % so vdi mflc 47,5% ciia nam 1999; va chiem 96,7% lUc lUdng lao ddng (LLLD), tang 2,5% cung thdi ki Toe gia tang lao ddng cd viec lam binh quan giai doan lit 2%/nam, cao hdn mflc gia tang ngudn lao ddng (1,5%/nam) va mflc gia lang Iflc lUdng lao dong (1,8%/nam) Hinh Lao ddng cd viec ldm TP Hdi Phong giai doan 1999 - 2015 [5, 9] Theo bao cao cua Sd LDTB&XH, neng giai doan 2011 - 2015, da cd khoang 255 000 lUdt lao ddng Hai Phdng dfldc giai quyet viec lam, trung binh moi nam la 51.000 lUdt [11] Nhin chung, cdng nghiep va djch vu van la nhflng nganh lao nhilu chd vtec lam mdi vdi thu nhap cao hdn cho ngUdi lao dgng, dd dac biet phai ke ldi vai trd cua khdi cac doanh nghiep nhflng nganh Khu vUc doanh nghiep cua Hai Phong cimg ddng vai trd quan trgng phai trien kinh te ndi chung va tao cong an viec lam, thu hut, sd dung hieu qua NT-D cua So lUdng doanh nghiep da lang len gap lan ke tfl nam 2000 cho den nam 2014, sd lUdng lao dgng cung tang gap 2,5 lin irong cung thdi ki, chiem 1/3 tdng sd lao ddng dang lam viec cua Hai Phdng Neu tinh binh quan, tdc tang sd lao ddng cd viec lam khu vUc doanh nghiep ciia Hai Phdng giai doan la 6,7%/nam, cao gip lan so vdi tdc dg tang lao dgng cd viec Iam binh quan chung cua toan bd nen kinh te ciJng thdi ki Ndi each khac, sd chd viec lam mdi dUdc tad ciia Hai Phdng thdi ki chii yeu khu vUc doanh nghiep dam nhiem Vi vay, mudn sit dung hieu qua NLD, TP Hai Phdng can phai cd nhflng giai phap de ho trd, lao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep phat tnen tdt nhat cd the Lao ddng cd viec liim d Hai Phdng tang len cdn nhd sfl phat trien manh me cac khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh te nhiJng nam gin day Cac khu cong nghiep hinh va phat trien nhanh chong da tao nhieu cd hdi viec lam mdi, gdp phan loan dung ngudn lao ddng ddng dao cua pho, dam bao thu nhap, nang cao trinh chuyen mdn, quan If cho ngfldi lao ddng Nhu vay, nhin chung, vdi sd chd viec Iam mdi dUdc tao nhieu hdn keo theo so IUdng va tl lao ddng cd viec lam cua Hai Phdng lien tuc tang len cho thay, xet tren khfa canh so lUdng, lao ddng Hai Phdng nhflng nam gin day da dfldc huy ddng vii sfl diang mdt hieu qua bdn Tuy nhien, de xem xet lao dgng cd dUdc sfl dung thUc sU hieu qua khdng cdn phai can cfl vao nhieu tieu chf khac Stf dung hieu qua lao dimg d thdnh Hdi Phdng 2.2 Vi the viec lam Vl the viec lam la mgt nhflng chi tieu rat cd y nghTa Irong viec danh gia mflc hieu qua cua sfl dung lao ddng Vi the viec lam phan nao the hien chat lUdng, mflc dam bao, Ifnh ben vflng cua cong viec mil ngudi lao dong dang cd Theo Ihong ke, vj the viec litm cua ngUdi lao ddng Hai Phdng da cd nhflng thay doi ifch cue dang ke nhflng nam gan day, theo hUdng tang nhanh tl irpng nhflng ngfldi lam cong an IUdng, giam nhanh ti nhflng ngudi IU lam vii lao dgng gia dinh Bdng IMO dong cd viec ldm Hdi Phdng phdn theo vi the viec ldm giai dogn 2005 - 2015 (%) Vi the vice lam 2005 2010 Chli CO sd san xual kinii doanh 3,2 1,1 Tillam 44,0 38,1 I.ao dong gia dinh 23,7 12,8 I,am cong iin liiOng 31,2 4.=i,8 Xa vien HTX, thO hoc viec va l(hac 0,1 (Ngu, I tinh todn 2015 3,0 38,6 8,5 49,8 0,03 tiff fif) Nhdm Iam cdng an lUdng cua Hai Phdng, nhdm lao dgng vdn dUdc xem la cd dilu kten liim vi?c, dia vi kinh te xa hdi tot hdn, va cung lit mgt chl so rat hflu fch phan anh su phat trien ciia nln kinh tl cung nhU hieu qua sfl dung lao ddng, da tang len ca ve sd lUdng, gip 1,8 lin, va ll irong them 18,6 diem % irong giai doan 2005 - 2015, tflc la chiem mot nfla long so lao dong cd viec lam toan Hai Phong la dd thj Idn nen sd lao ddng lam cdng an lUdng chiem ll cao dan so hoat dgng kinh le Khu vuc thj sU thay doi kha rd, lang ihem 12,1 die'm 7o vdng 10 nam, tfl 48,2% len 60.3% tdc tang binh quan sd ngudi lao dgng lam cong an lUdng dat 5.4%/nam khu vUc ndng thdn thay dd'i cdn nhanh bdn, lang 20,3 diem %, tfl 22% len 42,3%, vdi tdc lang 7,1 %/nam (giat doan 2005 - 2015) Nhdm lao ddng m liim va lao ddng gia dinh da giam ti trgng dang ke, Ifl 67,7% nam 2005 xudng cdn % nam 2015, giam 20,6 diem %, mac dit sd IUdng vin tiing len Tuy nhien, cd the thiy rang, lao dgng lU lam va lao dong gia dinh viin chiem ll ldn la diu hieu cho thay thi IrUdng lao dgng Hai Phdng vin chua thuc sU phiit trien manh vii liJc lUdng lao dgng van chua dUdc sfl dung mgt each thflc sU hieu qua xel dUdi gdc vi the viec lam, Bdi vi, nhom lao ddng tU lam va lao dong gia dinh vdn dUdc xem la cac nhdm lao dgng yeu the dc phiii doi mat vdi nhflng rui ro cdng viec va thu nhap, hiu nhfl fl dUdc tiep can cac phuc ldi xa hoi va nhin chung, khd cd kha nang cd viec liim ben vflng, vin chiem ldi giin mot nfla long so lao ddng cd viec lam, gan ngang vdi nhdm lao ddng liim cdng an lUdng Bang IMO dong co viec lam cita Hdi Phong theo vl the viec ldm chia theo gidi tinh vd theo khu vUc thdnh thi - ndng thdn ndm 2015 [Sj KVTT Nam '/r Tong so NB(%) Vi the viec lain KVTT Cnsu-ifi) 41,9 100% 100% 100% 1.090.^54 49,97 Tdns.