Báo cáo quyền lao động nữ theo quy định của pháp luật lao động việt nam

NGHIEN CUU Bao ve quyen lao ddng nu theo quy dinh cua phap lu^t lao dong Viet Nam Nguy^nThiThSo Trucmg Dai hoc Kinh t l Nghg An Nhflng dgc trung ridng vl x i hOi cung nhung die dilm vl tam sinh ly da lim can trd ngudi lao dOng, dae bl|E la lao dOng nfl, tiln trinh giii phdng bin than, nang lyc d l ddng gdp cho xa hOi Vi v^y, ein bio vl quyin efla lao dOng nfl d l dim bio sy phin cOng hop ly lao dpng nu Uong cac nginh nghe, giup hp vuon Idn lim ehii euOc sdng cua chinh minh I.Datvande Lao ddng nfl (LDN) ngoii vide thyc hien nghia vy lao dOng nhu nam gidi thi edn pbii dam nhin ehfle ning iam me ndn ed nhflng dac dilm ridng vl sfle khde, tam sinh ly Viec bao vd quyin cua LDN la hit sue cin thilt, diiu xuit phit tfl vide so v6i nam gidi, su khie bill ldn vl lhl lye eflng nhu tim sinh ly giy khd khan cho LDN, hon nfla sflc khoe ylu hon lao dOng nam nen ttong qua trinh Uiam gia lao ddng, LDN dl cd kha nang bi dm, mic cic bdnh nghi nghl|p cao hon, nhit li ddi vdi mdi truong lao dOng ddc hgi, nguy hilm Chinh ylu td niy cflng han chl sy lya chpn vide lam nhflng nginh dde hgi - nhung nginh cd thu nhip eao, hgn ehi eo hdi tuyin dung efla ddi tupng Bdn egnh dd, sy bit On dinh vl eOng vide efla LDN cung eao hon lao ddng nam bdi thidn ehfle lim me, ngudi LDN phii nghi sinh, hoac chim sde eii dau Om, bdnh tit diiu niy lim giin dogn qui trinh sin xuit efla eic doanh nghidp nen NSDLD thudng mang tim ly ngai sfl dung LDN Phap luat lao dong Viet Nam ve hao ve quyen cua lao doitg nir 2.1 Bao dam quyen binh ding, khdng bi p h i n biit ddi Xli * Trong Hnh vyc viec lim, dao tgo lao ddng Binh ding vide lim vi d i o tgo lao ddng cd nghia la CO hdi ve vide lim vi dio tgo dupe dinh cho ca nam vi nu, nguoi sfl dyng lao dOng (NSDLD) phii i p dyng nhflng tidu ehi luyln dung Iao ddng ngang bing Vide quy dinh quyin binh ding vide lam nhim dim bio quyin Igi cho LDN dupe bao vd ehit che, trinh bi phan bidt hoac bde lOt sflc lao dOng Dllu 35 Hiln phap 2013 quy dinh: "Cdng dan cO quyin lim vide, lya ehon nghe nghiep, vi|e lam vi noi lim vide" Diiu Bd luit Iao ddng 2012 (BLLD) cflng quy dinh: NLD eOquyIn "Lam vide, lydo lya chpn vide 90 CHAU A • T H A I I lim, ngbl nghidp, hpe nghi, ning eao Uinh dp nghi nghiep vi khdng bi phin bidl ddi xfl" Nhu vay.LDN ndi ridng v i NLD ndi chung,eo quyin lya ehpn cdng vide phu hpp vdi sue khde, hoan cinh, trinh di chuyen mdn efla minh Hp eflng cd quyin lya chpn noi lim vide phfl hgp vdi diiu kien sinh sdng, sflc khde vi sd thieh cua UJng ngudi, ed Uil lya chpn each thuc true Ulp hoie thdng qua e i c td ehfle gidi thieu vide iam d l tim kilm viec iam (Dllu lOBLLD 2012) Khoan diiu 153 BLLD 2012 eflng ndu rP: "Khuyin khich ngudi sfldyng lao dpng tgo diiu kidn dl Iao dOng nfl ed viec lim thudng xuyen, i p dyng rdng r5i c h l lim vide theo thdi gian bllu linh hogt, lim vide khdng trpn Uiol gian, giao vide lim tgi nhi." Nhu viy, phapluit lao dpng efla nudc ta eflng ed nhflng khuyin khich ridng cho NSDLD di LDN cd dupe vide lim thudng xuyen vdi thdi gian Iinh hoat dl thuc hien nhflng trich nhidm rieng cua minh * Trong Hnh vyc luyln dyng, su dyng Iao ddng: Khoin Diiu 154 BLLD 2012 quy dinh chfl su dyng lao ddng phii "1 Bio dam Uiyc hidn binh ding gidi vi cic bien phap thuc diy binh ding gidi tuyin dyng, su dyng, d i o tgo, thdi gian lam vi|c, thdi gian nghi ngoi, tten Iuong va eac che dp khae." Khoin Diiu 152 BLLD 2012 ed quy dinh: "Ngudi sfl dyng Iao ddng phiican cu vio Udu chuin sflc khde quy dinh eho tung logi cdng vi|e dl tuyen dyng va sip xip lao dOng." LDN de bi bdnh hon nam gidi, hp eCing khdng eO kha nangmang vie dd nang nhu nam gidi, cflng vdi thiln chuc cfla minh, sflc khde cfla hp eflng se giim di hp mang Uiai vi sinh eon Do viy, phip luit lao ddng eflng ed quy dinh d l NSDLD phii dya vao nang eung nhu sue khde cfla LDN dl tuyin dyng hp vio nhiing vi tti phfl hpp eung nhu sip xip eac cdng vide dip ung dupe nhu eiu eua c i bai ben * Thdi gid lim vide, ttidi gid nghi ngoi: Khoin 1,2 Diiu 155 BLLD 2012 quy dinh: "1 NSDLD khdng duoe sfl dyng Iao dOng nu lam vide ban dem, lim them gio vi di cOng tie xa thing ddng BHXH ttong vdng 12 ttiing trude sinh eie ttudng hpp sau diy: Quy dinh niy tgo dllu kien eho nhflng ngudi vi H a, Mang Uiai tfl ttiing Uifl hoie Kr Uiing Uifl nlu benh li phii nghi vide dudng thai vin cd dfl diiu kiln hudng c h l dp thai sin sinh con, vfla hgn c h l dupe lim viee d vung cao, vung sau, vflng xa, bien gidi, hai tinh ttgng true Ipi e h i dp thai sin dio; * Nghi Uiai sin; Dllu 157 BLLD 2012 quy dinh b, Dang nuOi dudi 12 thing luoi Lao dpng nu lim cdng vide ning nhpc mang mang thai hoac ttiuc hidn c i c bidn phip ttanh ttiai, chim sdc 6m, LDN dupe nghi Uong khoing ttiOi thai lu thing thu 07, dupe chuyin lam edng vide nhe hon hoae dupe giam bdt 01 gid lim viec hing gian nhit dinh tfly Uing Uudng hpp eu thI.Ddi vdi trudng hpp sinh eon, thdi gian LDN dupe nghi ttudc vi ma vin hudng dfl Iuong" sau sinh eon li thing, trudng hpp sinh ddi trd ldn Quy dinh mpt mat bio vd LDN giai dogn thi mdi con, LDN dupe nghi thdm tiling, khoing thdi Uiai sin vi nudi nhd, dOng ttiol eflng la cie uu dai gian niy lao dpng nu dupe hudng c h l dO Uiai sin theo giflp LDN dn dinh thu nh§p Nhi nudc cflng khuyin quy dinh Ngoai ra, d l dam bio quyin lam me - thidn khieh NSDLD tgo diiu kidn dl LDN ed vide lim ehfle cao quy cua ngudi phy nfl, phip luit eflng eho tiiudng xuyln, i p dyng rpng rii c h l dO lim vi|c ttieo phep LDN dupe nghi thdm mdt thdi gian khdng hudng Uicri gian biiu linh hogt, lim vide khdng trpn thdi gian, luong theo thda thuin vdi NSDLD, thdi gian nghi niy giao viec lim tgi nhi khdng hi gidi ban miln la cd sy ddng f cfla NSDLD Khoin Dllu 155 BLLD 2012 v i Nghi dinh Ngupc lal, phip luit cflng eho phip LDN di lim trd Igl 85/2015/ND-CP, d l bio vd sfle khde sinh sin efla LDN, ttudc thdi han nghithai sin nlu cd nhu eiu nhung phip luit lao dpng quy dinh: "Lao ddng nfltrong thdi phii dim bio sue khoe eho LDN vi it nhit LDN da gianhinh kinh dupe nghi moi 30 phut; thdi nghi td'i thilu thing Bdn egnh dd, LDN mang thai gian nudi eon dudi 12 Uiing ludi, dupe nghi mOi ngiy nlu cd xie nhgn cfla eo so kham bdnh, chfla bdnh ed 60 phflt thdi gian lim vi|e Thdi gian nghi vin thim quyin ehflng nhan tilp lue lam vi|e sd anh dupe hudng dfl tiln luong theo HDLD".Xuit phit hudng xiu tdi thai nhi ed quyin don phuong chim dflt ifltiu tgo sinh hpc die bi|t, LDNdupe phip luit uu hop ddng lao ddng (HDLD) hoie tgm hoin thye hi|n tien nghi thdi gian nhit dinh giflp hp eo thdi gian vi HDLD Thdi han ma LDN phii bao ttudc cho NSDLD thupc vao thdi hgn eo sd khim b|nh, chfla sinh sgeh se dl dim bio sfle khde sinh sin bdnh ed tham quyin ehi dinh 2.2 Bio d i m quyin cfla lao dpng mi mang thai, sinh v i nudi nhd * Ky Iuat Iao dpng: Khoin Dllu 123 BLLD 2012 lgi * VI vi|c lim: Khoin Dllu 155 BLLD 2012 quy quy dinh: KhOng dupe xfl ly kyiuit Iao dpng ddi vdi dinh: "Ngudi sfldyng lao dOng khOng dupe sa thai NLD dang ttong thdi gian "Lao dOng nflcd thai, hoie donphuong chim diit hpp dOng lao dOng ddi vdi nghithaisin; ngudi Iao dOng nudi nhd dudi 12 lao ddng nfl vi ly kll hdn, mang thai, nghi thai sin, tiling tudi" CyUil hda diiu niy, Dllu 29 Nghi dinh nudi eon dudi 12 thing tuOi " Nhu vay, NSDLD khdng cfla Chinh phu sd 05/2015/ND-CP d i quy dinh: "1 dupeliy ly LDN kit hdn, ed thai, nuOi nhd d l Ngudi sfldunglao ddng khdng dupe xfl ly ky luit lao sa thai hp Cd lhl ndi, quy dinh eua phip luit vfla ddng dd'i vol ngudi lao dpng li cha de, me d l hoae cd y nghia Irong vide bio ve thien chflc cua LDN, vfla cha nudi, me nudi hpp phap dang nudi nhd dudi cd y nghia viec bio dim sy binh ding gidi; trinh 12 thing tudi." Dllu dded nghia dfl nguoi LDN cd hanh tinh Irgng vi thyc hidn thien chflc efla minh m i LDN bi vi vi phgm ky Iuat (kl c i mfle bi sa thii) thi LDN dang nudi nhd dudi 12 thing tuOi cung khdng b! mil viec Iam xfl ly ky luit Khi LDN hit thdi gian mang thai, nghi thai * VI b i o hilm xa hpi Khoin Diiu 157 BLLD 2012 sin, nudi eon nhd dudi 12 thing tuoi, NSDLD vin cd quy dinh "Ngudi Iao ddng quy dinh tgi dilm b v i dilm quyin xu ly ky luit ddi vdi hp Diiu Nghi