Thái độ của sinh viên trường đại học luật đại học huế về việc hợp pháp hóa hôn nhân đồng giới ở việt nam

TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH£, Tmdng D^i hgc Khoa hgc - BH Hui T$p 7, So (2017) THAI D p CUA SINH VIEN TRU"CXNG D^I HOC LU^T - DAI HOC HUE Vt VIEC HOP PHAP HOA H N NHAN DONG G l l d VI^T NAM Nguyin Thi Anh DSo Khoa Xd hgi hgc, Trudng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc - Dgi hgc Hui Email: ruby08082011@yahoo.com.vn TOM TAT Hien nay, vdn de hgp phdp hda hdn nhdn ddng gidi (HNDG) dang dugc cdng dong xd hgi quan tdm vd thdo ludn sdi ndi Nham ndluc cdi thiin quyin ca bdn cua ngudi ddng tinh, d\r thdo Ludt sua ddi, bd sung mgt sd diiu cua Ludt Hdn nhdn vd Gia dinh ndm 2000 dd cd mdt su Ihgy ddi hdnh lang phdp ly cho nhiing ngudi ddng tinh, Id: bd cum tir "cdm kit hdn giiia nhiing ngudi cimg gidi ti'nh " thdnh "khdng thiia nhdn quan he hdn nhdn cda nhiing ngudi cung gidi linh" Bdi viit ndy nhdm phdn tich thdi dg cda sinh viin Trudng Dgi hgc Lugt - Dgi hgc Hui vi vdn di hap phdp hda hon nhdn ddng gidi d Viit Nam TU khda: Hon nhdn ddng gidi, hgp phdp hda hdn nhdn ddng gidi, sinh vien D A T VAN Dfi Tuyin Ngdn Quoe te ve Nhan quyln (1948) da khang djnh: "Ai cSng dupe hudng nhiing quyen tit ghi bdn Tuyen Ngdn khdng phdn bipt ddi xa vi bdt cir ly ndo, nhu ehung tgc, mdu da, nam nii, ngdn ngU, tdn gido, ehinh kiin hay quan diim, ngudn gdc ddn tgc hay xd hgi, tdi sdn, ddng doi, hay bdt eu thdn trgng ndo khdc" [8] Din thang nam 2012, Tdng thu k^ Liln Hgp QuIc Ban Ki-Moon da cd bai phat bieu Ijch su keu gpi cae qude gia fren toan thi gidi phi hinh sy hda ddng tinh, chim dut ky thj vdi nhimg ngudi ding tinh, song tinh va chuyen gidi (LGBT) Tuy nhiln hien nay, sy ky thi dii vdi ngudi ddng tinh van dang diln Hien fren thi gidi ed 15/193 quoe gia eong nhan hdn nhdn ddng gidi (HNDG), 76 quIc gia cdn phan bilt ddi xfl vd tOi phgm hda nhiing mli quan h§ ding gidi, ngudi ddng tinh bj bat, tray td vd phat tu Khac vdi nhilu nude fren the gidi, quan hp ding gidi d Viet nam khdng bj tOi pham hda nhung lugt phdp van quy djnh: "cdm kit hdn giiia nhung ngudi cimg gidi tinh''' [2] Vile phap ludt cam ket hdn ding gidi cung mOt phin ldm xa hgi hilu sai va c6 dinh kiln dii vdi ngudi ding tinh Du phdp lugt Vipt Nam cim kit hdn gifla nhiing ngudi eiing gidi tinh nhung ngudi dong tinh van sdng ehung vdi nhau, vdn tl chue dam cudi, chung td cdc quy djnh cua phdp lugt dd khdng theo kjp vdi sy phat friln cua eugc sdng Do dd, ddi hdi phai cd sy thay ddi ve mat phap lugt dl phii hgp vdi yeu ciu ciia thyc tiln xa hOi Da din lue, vin dl hgp phdp Th^i dg cua sfrj/i v/ln Tmdng Bgi hgc Lu$t - Bgi hgc Hui vi vi§c hgp phap hod hdn nhan ddng gidi d Vigt hda HNDG d Viet Nam cin phai dugc xem xet nghilm tuc dudi nhilu chiiu cgnh khdc Vi vgy, can phai nghiln eihi du luan xa hgi dl cd them quan dilm vl vin dl Thai la edt loi eua du lugn xa hgi Vi vgy, tae gid tim hieu thdi dO eua sinh viln (SV) - nhirng ngudi chu tuong lai cua dit nude vl biln trang HNDG KHAI NIEM CONG Cy VA PHlTONG PHAP N G H I £ N Cl!rU 2.1 Khai niem cdng cif 2.1.1 Khai ni^m thai dO Thudt ngfl thai dO cd nhilu cdch djnh nghTa khdc Theo Gordon Allport (1991), mOt nhflng ngudi thdnh lap trudng phai nghien cflu vl thai dg da nhdn manh tam quan frgng cua thdi dO, giup cho vice giai thich frudc sau nliu mgt hdnh vi cua ngudi ndo dd Theo dng dge trung ctia thai dd la sy sdn sang frong phan flng, la trgng thai tinh thdn hay thdn kinh san sang Nd dugc cau tgo thdng qua kinh nghilm, anh hudng tryc tiep hay gidn tiip din phdn ling eua ed nhdn ddi vdi tit ca cdc doi tugng hay hoan canh md nd liln quan Theo Shaver thi thai dO Id: "mpf tdm thi ung hp hay phdn ddi ddi v&i mot nhdm ddi tupng nhdt dinh" hay theo Fishbein vd Aizen: "thdi dp Id mdt vi tri thang ludng cue vi tinh cdm hogc ddnh gid\ [ 10,fr.163 -164] Theo Krech va Cmtchfield, thdi dg ed eau tnie nhu sau: Thanh phin fri thflc: cho chung ta bilt thdng tin vl ddi tugng (cai gi, d dau, nao, nhu till ndo, cua ); Thanh phin tinh cam: ehi rd yeu hay ghet, ung hO hay phan dii hay mgt tam trang "nude ddi" vdi vin de bode dii tugng dugc de cap den; Thanh phdn hanh vi: se chi dan cho ea rtiian phai lam thi nao vdi vin dl bode ddi tugng cua thai dg Trong nghien eiiru nay, tae gia nghiln cflu thai eua SV ddi vdi vi^c hgp phap hda HNDG Thai dg dugc tim hilu fren ba kliia cgnh cfla cau trflc tiiai dd la nlian thflc, tuih cam va hanh vi ciia SV doi vdi vipe hgp phap hda HNDG 2.1.2 Smh viln Theo quy che cdng tdc hgc sinh sinh viln frong cac tmdng dao tao: sinh viln la nhinig ngudi dang theo hge frong eac hi dai hgc vd cao ddng Trong nghien ciiu nay, chung tdi tim hilu sinh viln hi chuih quy dang theo hgc tai Tmdng Dai hgc Ludt - Dgi hgc Hui 2.1.3 Hdn nhdn dong gidi Hdn nhdn dong gidi la hdn nhan giua hai ngudi cd eung gidi tinh Ld hinh thflc kit ddi cd dang ky vdi Nha nude, dugc cip giay ehiing nhan ddng ky ket hdn vdi day du tit ca nhiing quyln, nghTa vy va sy cdng nhgn phap ly nhu nhftng cap khae gidi TAP CHl KHOA HQC vA CQNG NGH$ Tnrdng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc - BH Hui T^p 7, Si (2 2.2, Phuong phap nghien cihi Nghiln cflu sfl dung cac phuong phdp sau: Phuang phdp phdn tieh tdi lipu: Trong thdi gian nghiln cuu dl tai, chung tdi dd phan tieh sd lieu thfl cip glm cdc cdng frinh nghiln cflu, bai viet vl du lugn xa hgi, vl ding tinh, hdn nhan ddng gidi va cac dk tai nghien cuu cd lien quan duge thye hiln frln thi gidi va d Vipt Nam Ben canh dd, ehung tdi eung tham khdo nhilu van bdn phap ludt ed lien quan nhu Lugt Hdn nhan va Gia dinh nam 2000; Dy thdo Lugt Hdn nhan vd Gia dinh sfla doi Phuang phdp trung eduy kiin: Nghiln cflu sir dung bang hdi ciu tnie, hinh tiifle tiimg ciu y kiln vdi dung lugng mlu la 365 Phuang phdp phdng vdn sdu: nghiln cflu thyc hipn 08 phdng vin sdu dya frln bang hudng dan phdng van sdu dl tim hilu tiiai dO eua SV vl vipe hgp phap hdn nhdn dong gidi d Vipt Nam THAI DO CUA SINH VIEN TRlTfifNG DAI HOC LU^T DOI VOfl VIEC HQP PHAP HOA H N P4HAN D6NG GIOI & Vip: NAM Thai dg ehinh la edt ldi eua Du lugn xa hOi Sy hmh tiianh thai phytiiuOcrit nhilu vao trgng thdi djnh hinh eiia thdi xa hpi ma van dl nd dl cgp din Tfl nhiing hilu bilt eiia SV ve hgp phdp hda HNDG da giup SV ed nhiing nin tang kiln thue dl hinh thdnh thai dg Nlu SV hilu rd vl HNDG ed the giup cho hg cd tiiai dp khach quan lion dii vdi viec hgp phap hda hdn nhan ding gidi 3.1 Hieu biet cua SV ve hdn nhdn ding gidi Trude tien de hinh thai dO ciia SV ddi vdi van dl hgp phdp hda HNDG, SV cin cd nhiing hieu biet ve khdi niem "hdn nhdn ddng gidT la gi? Ket qua nghien cflu cho thiy, cd 74,3% SV tra Idi diing khdi nilm hdn nhan ddng gidi: "Ld hinh thuc kit ddi cd ddng ky vdi Nhd nude, dupe cdp giay chiing nhdn ddng ky kit hdn vdi ddy dii tdt cd nhirng quyin, nghTa vy vo su cdng nhgn phdp ly nhu nhirng cap khdc gidf Day la eon so the hipn sy hieu biet eua SV ve van dinay Tuy nhiln, vdn cd 24,1% SV cd cdch hilu sai ve khai niem Bdng I Hilu bilt ciia sinh viln ve khdi nilm "hdn nhdn ddng gidi" Hieu biet cua sinh vi£n v^ Idiai niem HNDG La hinh thiic ket d6i tir nguyen giua ngudi, Idiong dang ley voi Nha nuac La hmh thuc ket doi Co dang ky vai Nha nuac, dugc cap giay chiing nhan dang ky ket h6n vdi day dii tat ca nhihig quyen, nghia vu va su cong nhan phap Iy nhu nhung C9p khac giai Khac Tone Tan suat (nguM) 88 271 Tyle 365 1,6 100 ( % ) ã 24,1 74,3 Thai (^ cda sinh viĐn Tmdng Dgi hgc Lugt ~ Bai hgc Hui vi vi$c hgp phap hoa hdn nhdn dong g'i& d Viet warn Xet tuong quan gifta ylu to "ndm hpc" vdi each hilu eua SV vl "hdn nhdn ddnggidP\ sd lieu eho thay 04 khda SV tham gia khao sat, SV tfl nam thfl hai trd Iln cd each hieu dung khdi nilm "hdn nhdn ddng gidi" ban so vdi SV ndm thu nhit HI sl Cramer's V = 0.337 vdi muc y nghTa Approx.Sig = 0.000 eho phep khing djnh mdi quan hp tuong quan giua hai bien so (Xem phy luc) Kit qua khd phu hgp vdi thye tl, bdi d Tmdng DH Luat, SV bit diu dugc hge cac mdn chuyln nganh tfl nam hge thfl hai, dac bipt dd cd hge phin Ludt Hon nhan va Gia dinh, vi thi, eac ban SV tu nam thii hai trd Iln da duge hge cae kiln thflc chuyln sdu liln quan din "hdn nhdn" Thdng tin tu phdng van sau cung dd khing djnh: "Ndm em mdi dupe hpc chuyin ngdnh thi viec sua ddi cua lugt Id minh phdi biit, bdi vi nd Hin quan den mdn sau Trong qud trinh hpc ngudi ta cung gidi thiiu, cSng td ehiic hdi thdo ve ddng gdp y kiin vi du thdo sua ddi bd sung Lugt Hdn nhdn & Gia dinh" (Nam, siitii viln nam 2) Day la hgc phan frang bj kiln thuc chuyln sdu cho SV vl Luat Hdn nhan va Gia dinh Tfl dd, SV nam tiiu hai se cd dugc eo hdi tiip can cac khai nilm, cung trao doi, thao lugn ve cac vin dl liln quan din hdn nhdn, frong dd cd hdn nhdn ding gidi Cae bgn se duge eung tranh ludn dl dua cdc y kiln dya trin nin tang kiln thflc dd dugc trang bj D I cd dugc thdi dO cfla minh dii vdi vile hgp phdp hda HNDG, SV ciia 04 khda tham gia khdo sat dd chu dgng tun hilu nhiing thdng tin can thiet ve HNDG Ket qua phan tieh sd lipu djnh lugng eho thay, ed 75,1% SV tim hilu thdng tm ve vile hgp phap hda HNDG Dieu eho thay sy quan tam cua SV doi vdi van de Trong dd, kinh tun hieu duge SV lya chpn nhieu nhat la "phuang tiin truyin thdng dgi chdng'' (74,8%), "bgn be" (34,8%) Du cd nhieu kinh dl SV lya chgn tim hieu thdng tin nhung kenh duge SV sfl dyng nhieu nhat la "phuang tiin truyin thdng dpi chdn^'' (74,8%) Thdng tin tfl phdng van sau sinh vien chia se: "Liic du thdo sua ddi thi tui em cUng cd tim hiiu thdng qua sdeh bdo, trang web eua bd tu phdp cua chinh phii, minh eSng thdy dugc dg: thdo vi vdn di thaa nhdn hdn nhdn ddng gidi a Viet Nam" (Nam, sinh vien nam 4) "Em eung cd dpc trin bdo vd xem tha hp sua ddi nhu thi ndo, nhin nhdn nhu thi ndo vi hdn nhdn ddng gidi di cho mink biit thim chut thdng tin, chiit kiin thuc" (Nfl, sinh viln nam 4) Trayin thdng dgi chung Id co sd cho nhieu ngudi biet vl viec hgp phap hda HNDG bdi thdi gian dua dy thdo Luat siia ddi bl sung mOt sd dilu ciia Luat Hdn nhdn va Gia dinh nam 2000, da cd rat nhieu cac bai bao, cac eude tnmg cau y kiln ngfrdi ddn va cac cuge van ddng eiia cgng dong LGBT tgi Viet Nam klu ggi ung hd HNDG Kit qud lgi mOt lin niia khing djnh sue lan tda cua trayin thdng dgi ehiing doi vdi SV frong xa hOi hien dgi Ben canh "phuong tiin truyin thdng dgi chun^\ SV eung ehu dOng tim hieu thdng tin qua "bgn be" cua hg Kit qua kha phfl hgp vdi kit qua 94,4 % SV lya chgn thao luan cung bgn be dugc hdi "ddi tuang cimg thdo lugn vi hgp phdp hda HNDG" Trong qua frinh hmh DLXH, chinh 02 kenh giao tiip eung sl anh hudng din quan diem, thai dO ciia SV vl vin dk TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CONG NGH£, Tmdng Dai hgc Khoa hgc - BH Hui Tgp 7, So (2017) Cd thi ndi, ben cgnh 74,3 % SV mlu khdo sat cd hilu bilt diing ve khai nilm "hdn nhdn ddng gidi'"' van cdn 24,1 % SV khdng hieu diing vl khai nilm HNDG Sy hilu sai vi khai niem cd the phan nao anh hudng din thai dO eua hg ddi vdi vipe hgp phdp hda HNDG d Viet Nam 3.2 Danh gia cua sinh vien vl sur thay dii cua dy thao Luat Hon nhan va Gia dinh Sy quan tam, chu dOng tun hilu tiidng tin eua SV ve HNDG da giiip SV cd tiilm nhilu hilu bilt va thi hipn quan dilm cua minh vl cdc npi dung siia doi cua Luat Hdn nhan vd Gia dutii Vdi cau hdi: "ddnh gid cda SV vi d\r thdo 5uo ddi Lugt HNDG", phuang dn fra ldi duge SV Lugt lya chgn nhilu nhit la "bi^c dim tieh circ tiin trinh cdng nhdn HNDG' (52,6%) Danh gia dugc xem Id thi hiln sy tieh eye frong vile thay ddi cua dy thdo Ludt Dudi gdc dp cua nhung nha ldm Lugt frong tuong lai, cdng vdi kiln thdc, each nhin nhgn vl quan dilm cua xa hgi hien nay, vile SV dartii gia sy thay dii Id "bude dim tieh arc tiin trinh cdng nhdn HNDC' Id dilu dang ghi nhgn Bdi khdng thi mgt sdm mOt chilu cd thi cdng nhdn HNDG, md phdi la mOt qud trinh ehuin bj tu tudng eho ngudi ddn cd till thich nghi din vdi thyc tl tdn tgi eua nhiing cgp ddi sdng ehung ciing gidi Theo SV, cdch tiiay dii dy tiiao sfla ddi Lugt tfl "cdm" sang "khdng thita nhdn" eung nhe nhdng, dl nghe hon: "Niu minh sa dyng ta cdm thi minh cam thdy ngng ni han Khi vdn di ed di kem vdi ta "cdm " thi vdn di rdt ngng ni nhung vdi ta " khdng thua nhdn " thi nd nh? han vd xet vi mgt thudt ngu thi "cdm " thi hp edm tuyit ddi, bdt gap cd thi bi xuphgt nhung "khdng thda nhgn " thi a mpt gdc dp ndo thi hp dd chdp nhdn mdt gidi hgn cho ehiing ta ehung sdng nhu vg chdng Theo em day la mpt nhirng bude di thay ddi ddn ddn vi ddy la vdn di nhgy edm nin khdng thi thay ddi lgp tde (Nam, sinh vien nam 4) Tu "khdng thua nhgn" ehuyen sang "thua nhdn" sl dl ddng ban rat nhieu so vdi "edm" Day dugc xem la budc dim ma cac nha sogn thao Lugt dua de tien tdi vile cdng nhgn HNDG frong thdi gian tiip theo Bdng Danh gid ciia SV vl dy thao Luat Banh gia ve du* thao sira doi Lu^t Ngdn tfl mo hd, khd hieu Khdng thay ddi f^ Budc dimti'chcue tron^ tiln trinli cdng nhgn HNDG Khdc Ting Tan suat (nguai) 87 78 192 365 Tylj (%) 23,8 21,4 52,6 2,2 100 Tuy nhiln, theo sd lilu bdng 2, vdn cd 23,8% SV tham gia khao sat eho ring ngdn tfl frong dy thdo Ludt "ma hd, khd hiiu" vd 21,4% ddnh gia la "khdng thay ddi gi" Theo quan dilm eua SV, vile su dyng ngdn tfl frong dy thdo Lugt kha mo hd, khd hieu, nlu khdng phai chuyln nganh Luat thi hg se khdng the hilu dugc bdn chit cua tu "khdng thira nhgn" Kit qua thu dugc tu thdng tin djidifr'nhciing thi hiln danh gia nay: "Khd hiiu, niu quy djnh ro rdng han thi nhung ngudi khdng theo chimin ngdnh ludt thi hp si hiiu han" (Nam, smh vien nam 1) Ben canh do, danh gia dy thao Ludt Hdn nhdn va Gia dinh ve hdn nhan ddng gidi "khdng thay ddi 7M/ d? ciia sinh win Tmdng Bgi hgc Lu$t- Dgi hgc Hui vi viec hgp phap hod hdn nh$n ding gtoi a Vi$i Nam gf cung la dieu dang luu y, bdi theo each nghT thdng thudng eua nhiiu ngudi, "khdng thita nhdn hdn nhdn giOa nhiing ngudi eimg gidi tinh" cung khdng khdc gi Id "edm" 3.3 Quan dilm ciia sinh vien doi vdi viec hgp phap hda hon nhdn dong gidi Theo cdu tnie eua thai dO, nhgn tiifle, sy hilu bilt cua SV se la ylu td hinh thai dg ciia SV Tu nhftng hieu bilt cua SV vl hgp phdp hda HNDG da giup SV cd nhiing nin tang kiln thuc dl hinh thdi dd Nlu SV hilu ro vl ngudi ddng tinh va HNDG cd thi giup eho hg cd thai dg khach quan hon ddi vdi vipe hgp phap hda hdn nhan ddng gidi Kit qua xfl ly so lieu khdo sat cho thiy, frong mdu khao sat ed 49,9 % SV "rdt ung hd" va "ung hp viic hgp phdp hda HNDG", 7,4% "ludng V , 37,8% "rdt khdng img hd" va "khdng ung hp" Ty II SV "itng hd viec hpp phdp hda HNDG" nhilu ban so vdi t j II "khdng ung hp'\ Kit qua kha logic vdi nhgn thflc cua 73,1 % SV frong mdu khao sat eho rang nguyen nhan eua dong tinh la "do bdm sinh" Theo SV, khdng lya chgn dugc xu hudng tinh dye eiia minh, eon ngudi cd quyln sing that vdi ban chat cua minh, hg cung dugc hudng nhiing quyen nhu nhiing n ^ d i di ti'nh khae Vi^c cdng nhgn HNDG se "ddm bdo quyin mitu cdu hgnh phiic"(90,7%), '^gidm dinh kiin xd hdi ddi vdi ngudi ddng tinh" (54,1%) va "thi hipn tinh nhdn vdn eua phdp lugf (38,3%) 43.6% ^^'°^° t °% B Rat ung hQ 33.7% • Ong h$ • • LLT&ng l y a Khong Ong ho ^°^ • • Rat kh6ng ung h$ Q Khong quan tam • • 5.0% - 6.3% 7.4% • Khong bi4t/Ichong trg 16! 4.1% 3.8% Hinh I Thai dp cua SV ddi vdi viec hop phdp hoa HNDG d VN Khi dugc hdi: "ly SV img hg viee hpp phdp hda HNDG", phuang an dugc lya chgn nhilu nhat: "ddm bdo quyin muu cdu hgnh phuc" (90,7%) phin nao the hiln sy am bilu eua SV ve quyen cua ngudi ddng tinh Quyln duge muu ciu hgnh phuc Id quyen eo ban cua tit ca mgi ngudi, khdng phan bilt gidi tinh, chung tgc, dja vj xa hdi, Vdi SV, ngudi ddng tmh eung la ngudi, hg eung ed quyln duge yeu, duge muu eau hanh phiic: "theo em, Viet Nam da ky hiip ude vi quyen eon ngudi thi nen bdo vi quyin Igi cda ngudi cho hp, xet eho cimg thi hp cSng chi Id mpt eon ngudi xa hgi vdy tai ehiing ta lgi khdng bdo vp quyen lpi ngudi vi hdn nhdn ddng gidi (Nam, sinh viln nam 4) Quan dilm eua SV thi hipn viOc cac bgn nim rat rd cac van ban phap luat cd quy djnh vl quyln eua ngudi Chmh vi SV hilu rd nguyen nhan eiia ddng tirJi Id "bdm sinh" (73,1 %) nen hg cin duge dam bdo quyln nhu mpi ngudi fren thi gidi Thdng tin thu duge tfl phdng vin sdu khdng djnh: "Sac Ho cUng timg noi bdn luyin ngdn dpc lap Id ngudi ed quyin muu cdu hgnh phiie, vdy thi nhiing ngudi TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CQNG NGH$, Tnfdng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc - BH Hui Tap So (2 ddng tinh cung nhu nhihig ngudi binh thudng khdc thdi" (Nfl, suih vien ndm 3) Vi ngudi ding tinh la "bdm sinh", khdng dugc lya chgn xu hudng ti'nh dye vi the, hg cung mong mudn ditgc kit hdn, dugc ehung sing vdi ngudi minh yeu tiiuong dl tgo dyng mdi im gia dinh Vile phap lugt cdng nhgn HNDG khdng chi giiip ngudi ddng tinh gin bd vdi nhilu hon md hg se ed eo hOi dl the hien frach nhilm ciia minh vdi ngudi bgn ddi, vdi gia dinh vd xa hgi Ly thu hai thi hiln sy cam thdng sau sic cua SV doi vdi ngudi ddng ti'nh ehinh la "gidm dinh kiin xd hdi ddi vdi ngudi ddng tinh" (54,1%) Nhim keu ggi cOng ddng xa hOi thiie diy quyln cho ngudi ding tinh To chflc diu franh vi nhan quyln Amnestry da klu ggi: "Khuynh hudng tinh due vd bdn sdc gidi la vdn di sdu kin eua mdi trdi tim eon ngudi; khdt vpng sdu xa nhdt cda tdm hdn, vd nhOng biiu hien gdn gUi vi mgt thi xdc Khuynh hudng tinh due vd bdn sde gidi la edt Idi cda mdi ngudi, gdn vdi quyen todn vpn thi xde, linh thdn vd thi hiin eua cd nhdn Nhiing quyin ndi trin dam bdo rang mdi cd thi tu quyit dinh xu hudng linh dye cung nhu bdn sdc gidi, thi hiin giai tinh cda minh, trin ca sd binh ddng vdi mpi ngudi, khdng so hdi, khdng bi ky thi hay dp biec Khuynh hirdng tinh dye hay bdn sdc gidi tgo sdc thdi rdt riing eua mdi ngudi Dd chinh lay nghia cua quyin ngudf SV la ngudi tiip cgn nhiing tri thflc khoa hgc tien tiln, hg hilu duge nguyin nhan thye chit eua ddng tinh la ^ , hg hilu duge vipe, khong quylt djnh duge khuynh hudng tinh due cua ehinh minh Tuy nhiln, d nude ta, quan he ddng gidi du khdng b| tgi phgm hda, nhung djnh kiln, sy IQ" thj vdi ngudi ddng tinh vin dang tdn tgi mdt each phd biln Vi vgy, nlu phap luat cdng rtiign HNDG se giam djnh kiln, ky thi, phan biet ddi xu doi vdi ngudi ding tinh Gia dmh, xa hdi se xem hg nhu la nhflng ngudi "binh thudng" vd doi xu vdi hg mOt cdch cdng bing hon KJii xa hgi bdt dinh kiln, ky thi, ngudi ddngti'nhsl cd dilu kiln dc: sdng that vdi gidi tinh cua minh Vi the, qua phdng vin sau, SV khing djnh: "Em img hd hdn nhdn ddng gidi Vi nhiing ngudi ddng tinh thudng che gidu bdn thdn, phap lirgt cdng nhdn thi hp se thi hiin duac chinh bdn thdn minh vd hp tin tudng vdo bdn thdn minh hem, hp khdng edn mge cdm, khdng M ky thi, dupe sir cdng nhdn ta gia dinh vd xd hpi, vi vgy hp chdc chdn se ed cupe sdng tdt dpp han " (Nam, sinh vien nam 1) Ngoai hai phuang an lya chgn frln, ehu ylu la nhin manh den vile dam bao quyen eua ngudi ding tinh thi phuong dn xip thii ba duge SV Ludt mdu khao sat lya chgn, dd la vile hgp phdp hda HNDG se "the hipn tinh nhdn vdn cua phdp ludt" (38,3%) Tinh nhan van cua phdp lugt duge nhin nhdn d ehd, hipn cd khoang tfl 3-5% ddn sd Viet Nam la ngudi dong tinh va song tinh Day la mgt cgng dong khdng nhd, vi vgy, hon bao gid hit, qi^ln va lgi ich hgp phdp cua ngudi ddng tinh can phai dugc bdo vl Theo SV, bao v^ quyen cua ngudi dong tinh ehinh Id nang cao gidfrjnhan van, gid frj xa hgi vdn cd cua phap luat Bdi vi: "Vi dg lugt hinh s{r tinh nhdn vdn thi hipn a ehd Id xa dung nguai dung tpi vd viee thi hiin tinh nhdn vdn diiu ludt ndy chinh la sir ddm bdo quyin eua eon ngirdi, Id qiryin kit hdn, quyin W^^^^^vd quyin duac sdng" (y^a, sinh viln nam 3) Bao vp ngudi ddng tinh trude sy ky thj, ^ d n t i l t dii xfl th|im ehi la bao lye; trao eho hg co hgi dl duge phap lugt eong nhgn eiing chfnh la thi hien sy nhan van cua phap lugt Dfl lieu khdo sdt eung cho tiiiy, ly SV ung hd HNDG la "ed ea sd gidi quyit hdu qud vi mat phdp ly" (20,8%) Mae du, day ehi la ly xip thfl tu Thai dp cua sinh vi4n Tmimg Dgi hgc Uigt - Bai hgc Hui vi vi$c hgp phdp hod hdn nhdn ding giOi a vigi ivam frong eac phuang an duge SV lya chgn, nhung da phin nao thi hiln sy am hieu eua SV vile nhgn sy khdng phu hgp gifla quy dinh ciia phap luat vd thyc tiln cuOe sdng Bdi, thye tl cho thay, hai ngudi ciing gidi chung sdng nhu vg chdng, din luc chia tay, eung nhu nhftng cap ddi di tinh, hg eiing ed nhiing franh chap vl mdt tai san, eon eai nhung hipn phdp ludt khdng thua nhgn quan he ehung song nen chua cd eo ed phap ly eu till de giai quylt Hoac nhiing trudng hgp dot xuat nhu trude luc phau thuat cin ky cam kit cua ngudi nha, thi ngudi ddng tinh sdng chung cung khdng the dgi dipn dl ky dugc; hoac mOt frong hai ngudi ddng tmh sing chung dgt ngOt qua ddi thi ngudi cung khdng duge hudng quyln thua ke Thyc tl xet xfl eua tda an nhieu nam qua da cd mOt so vy vile franh chap ve tai san gifta nhftng ngudi dong tinh cd quan he sdng chung, nhung chua ed co sd phdp ly' cu the dl giai quylt tranh chip [7] Vi vgy, neu phap lugt eho phep kit hdn dong gidi thi sl cd co sd ve mgt phap ly dl gidi quylt hau qud vl mat phap 1^^frongqua trinh chung sdng cua nhiing egp ddi ding gidi; dam bao cho hg dugc hudng nliiing quyen va Igi ich hgp phap nhu cae egp ddi khae gidi Theo nha tdm ly hgc ngudi My Abraham Maslow, mudn cd gia dinh em am la nhu cau d bdc thang thu ba cua ngudi Ngudi ddng tinh ciing nhu nhiing ngudi dj tinh, hg cung mong mudn dugc kit hdn vdi ngudi mmh ylu thuang, dugc phap lugt bao vp va che chd Hp dang phai mdn mdi chd dgi dl dugc phap ludt cdng nhdn HNDG, chd dgi dl xa hgi ung hd vile hgp phap hda HNDG Thi nhung, frong cdng ddng xa hOi van cd nhilu y kien phan ddi HNDG Dft lieu khao sat cho thiy, ben cgnh 49,9% SV mlu khao sdt ung hO HNDG, van cd 37,8% SV khdng ung hd vipe hgp phap hda HNDG Ly dl 37,8 % SV khdng iing hd HNDG Id "trdi vdi quy lugt tit nhien" (59,4%), "khdngphit hap vdi dgo due xd hpi, thudn phong my luc Viit Nam" (53,6%i) vd "khdng tri dupe ndi gidng, suy gidm ddn so''' (26,8%) Kit qua khao sat cho thiy, ly dugc SV lya chgn nhieu nhat de phan doi HNDG chuih Id "trdi vdi quy lugt lit nhiin" (59,4%) Mac du d Viet Nam hiln nay, vile cdng nhgn ngudi ddng tinh dang theo chilu hudng ti'ch eye, xd hOi da cd cai nhin cdi md hon ddi vdi ngudi dong tinh, nbung hg vdn dang phai chju sy Igf thj vd phan bi^t dii xfl frong dd cd viec kit hdn Nguyen nhan xa hOi van cdn ky thi vdi ngudi dong tinh Id nhftng khudn mau tu mang tinli dinh kien ve gidi da tdn tgi tdu ddi tiong xd hgi Trong suy nghT cua cde viln frong xa hOi, loai ngudi ehi ton tgi hai gidi: nam gidi va nft gidi Tinh yeu ehi tdn tgi va dung quy lugt ty nhiln neu la sy kit hgp gifta nam va nfl; quan hp vg chdng eung phai la quan hp tinh cam gifta hai ngudi khae gidi Quan nilm da an sau bam re vao suy nghT eua ngudi Viet tfl hang ngdn nam Vi vdy, theo SV mdt ngudi yeu vd ldy mgt ngudi cung gidi tmh la vile ldm trai vdi ty nhiln, thdm chi Id benh hoan Quan diem ciing kha phii hgp vdi thdng tin thu dugc tu phdng van sau: "Chua nin chdp thudn a cdi vdn di la cho ddng ky kit hdn, cdm kit hdn, edm ludn vi^e ehimg sdng vdi ludn Niu chung sdng thi da eho kit hdn ludn, khdng thi cdm ludn Tha nhdt, vi mat vdn hda ciia ngudi Viet minh cdn mang ngng nhirng tu tudng Nho gido, quan niim "gdi Idn gd chdng, trai khdn gd vg" dd la quy ludt ty nhiin (Nam, sinh viln ndm hai) Ngay ea nhung hinh anh vl hogt dgng tinh due eua ngudi Vipt xua, dan gian vin khic hga hinh anh hai bd phgn sinh due cua nam va nfl; hinh TAP CHl KHQA HOC VA CONG NGH$, Tmdng D^i hgc Khoa hgc - DH Hui Tgp 7, So (2017) dnh bilu trung edi - chdy thi hiln giing dye - cdi, Sy kit hgp ndy la quy lugt ty nhien nen viec mpt ngudi nam ylu nam hay nu ylu nfl dugc xem la trdi vdi quy ludt ty nhiln eua loai ngudi Chmh vi vgy, day Id mOt ly SV dua de phan ddi vile phap ludt cdng nhan HNDG Ly "khdng phit hgp vdi dao dux: xd hdi, thudn phong my lue Viit Nam" ciing duge (53,6%) SV khdng ung hg HNDG lya chgn Nguyen nhan cung cd thi ly giai Viet Nam vin la nude cdn nang ni quan nipm vl hdn nhan truyin thong Thudn phong my tyc dugc xem la nhftng net dpp truyen thing cua ngudi Viet, duge kit tinh frong suot mOt chilu ddi ljch sfl cua dit nude Nhung thuin phong my tue ciing phdi tdn trgng sy da dgng, dd cd da dgng vl xu hudng tinh dye Vi thi, ly cung ehua thdt sy thuyet phyc Hien x3 hOi van eon nhieu ngudi ehua cd nhdn thflc dung ve ngudn gdc eiia ddng tinh thi sy ky thj, phan bilt ddi xfl vdi ngudi dong tinh la dieu hien nhiln Dilu ndy kha phu hgp vdi viee van ed 23,6 % SV eho rang dong tinh la "do dua ddi, the hien sy sdnh diiu", bj ban be xdu ni rl chfl khdng phdi la bim sinh Vi the, vdi SV vile hai ngudi ciing gidi kit hdn la "khdng phii hpp vdi dgo dire xd hpi, thudn phong my tuc cda ngudi Viet Nam" Bdi: "hipn thi vdn di khdng dinh hdn nhdn ddng gidi cdn khd chdp nhgn bdi nd edn tdc dpng bai nhiiu yiu Id tha nhdt Vipt Nam chung ta cdn chiu dnh hudng cda tu tudng phong kiin, thd hai Id thudn phong my tuc vdn chua chdp nhdn dupe" (Nam, suih viln nam 4) 3.4 Hanh vi ciia sinh vien de phap luait cong nhan hon nhan dong gidi SV la mOt nhflng nhdm ddi tugng nang dOng, thudng xuyin tham gia vao cac boat dOng xa hOi Ddc biet, ddi vdi van dl hg quan tam, hg san sang thi hien hdnh dOng cua minh Bdng Hanh vJ cua SV dl phdp lugt cong nhan HNDG Hanhvi Tham gia cac cuOc van dong ung ho HNDG Tuyen tniygn d^ nSng cao su higu biet cpng d6ng ve ngudi dong tinh Khuyen nguoi dong tinh nSn cong khai song tliat va v ^ dpng xa hpi hieu va ling ho quygn cija mmh Khac Khdng lam gi ca T6ng fkn suat (ngu*i) 106 Tyle 170 46,6 132 111 365 36,2 0,8 30,4 100 (%) 29,0 Hanh vi duge SV lya chgn nhilu nhit Id "tuyin truyin di ndng cao sy hiiu biet cpng dong vi ngudi ddng tinh" (46,6%) Day la vile lam thilt thye giup eOng ddng xa hdi hilu hon vl ngudi ddng tinh Bdi, hiln nay, nhdn thflc cua xa hgi vl ngudi ddng tinh van ehua diing va dii, ngudi ddng tinh frong xa hOi van bj xem la "bat binh thudng", "lech chudn" Theo ThS Le Quang Binh - Viln tiirdng ISEE, hiln ngudi ddng tinh Viet Nam van sing khep kin, dung nhieu each che giau ban thdn vi sy \y thj tfl chinh gia dinh vd xd hOi- Nhilu trudng hgp ngudi ddng tudi bj gia dmh bj gia dinh ddnh dap, nhdt, xieh lai hay dua din viln tam than Thai (^ cua sinh vien Tmdng Dgi hgc Lugt- Dai hgc Hue vi wpc hgp phdp hod hdn nhan ding gidi d Vi$t Nam Chinh nhiing dinh kiln eua xa hOi, ngudi ddng tinh ed nhilu nguy eo bj tin thuong, bj bgo hanh [5] Vi vgy, viee tuyen trayin cho ngudi ddn frong xa hdi la dilu hit siic can thilt dl hg hieu thim vl ngudi dong tinh: "Em cUng tirng tham gia mgt diin dan trin mgng xd hpi faeebook di ung hg hdn nhdn ddng gidi, niu ed diiu kiin em se tham gia gidp da ngudi ddn hieu han vi ngudi ddng tinh, giup hg hiiu di khdng cdn ky thi, phdn biit ddi vdi ngudi ddng tinh " (Nam, sinh viln nam 1) Xet tuong quan giiia "thdi dp cda SV ddi vdi vipe hgp phdp hda HNDG" vdi "hdnh vi cua SV di phdp ludt cdng nhgn HNDG", eho thiy doi vdi nhiing SV rat ung hO va ung hO HNDG hg sl thyc hiln nhiing hanh vi tieh eye ciia minh nliu "tuyin truyin di ndng cao sy hiiu biif (79,5%), "khuyin ngitdi ddng tinh nen cdng khai sdng thgf (61,1%), "tham gia cdc cuge vgn dpng ung hp HNDG" (54,6%) cdn nhiing ngudi khdng iing hO hgp phap hda HNDG thi lya chgn ciia hg phin Idn se la "khdng ldm gi ed\ HI so tuong quan va muc y nghia cung eho phep khing djnh moi quan he tuong quan gifta hai bien sd ndy KET LUAN VA KHUYEN NGHI 4.1 Ket lu|n Kit qua nghien cflu eho thay: Hieu biet eua sinh vien vl van dl hgp phdp hda hdn nhan ding gidi d Vipt Nam: Phin Idn SV frong mau khao sat (74,3 %) cd hilu bilt dung vl khai nipm HNDG: "Ld hinh thiic kit ddi cd dang ky vdi Nhd nude, dupe cdp giay chiing nhgn ddng ky kit hdn vdi day du tdt ed nhiing qiryin, nghia vu vd su cdng nhdn phdp ly nhu nhiing egp khdc gidi" Ben cgnh dd vdn cdn nhieu SV hieu sai ve khai nipm Danh gia ciia SV vl dy thao lugt sua ddi vl HNDG: Hon Vi SV frong mlu khao sdt eho ring, vile sira ddi lugt HNDG sl la "AMCTC dim tieh eye tiin trinh cdng nhdn HNDG' (52,6%) Thai dg eua SV Tradng Dai hge Ludt - Dgi hge Hue doi vdi vile hgp phap hda HNDG cd ludng -^ kiln: a/ 49,9 % SV frong mdu khdo sat "rdt ung hg" va "ung hd" vile hgp phdp hda HNDG Ly dugc SV lya chgn dl ung hd hgp phap hda HNDG d Viet Nam Id: "ddm bdo quyin muu cdu hgnh phuc"; "gidm dinh kiin xa hdi ddi vdi ngitdi ddng tinh" vk "thi hiin linh nhdn vdn cua phdp lugf b/ Ben cgnh do, ed 37,8 % SV phan ddi viec hgp phap hda HNDG Ly dugc sd SV dua ia; "trdi vdi quy ludt ty nhien "; "khdng phii hap vdi dgo dOc xd hpi, thudn phong mp tyc Viit Nam" TAP CHi KHOA HOC vA CONG NGH$, Tmdng Bai hgc Khoa hgc - DH Hui T$p 7, S6 (2 4.2 Khuyen nghj Qua nghiln cuu vl thai dO cua sinh vien Trudng Dgi hgc Luat - Dgi hgc Hui, tac gia xin duge dua cac khuyin nghj nhu sau: Dk hinh thanli thai do, sinh viln chuyen nganh Luat cin ty frang bj nhftng kiln thue co ban vl ngudi ddng tinh, hgp phap hda hdn nhan dong gidi, tranh hilu sai khai nipm din din cd thai dO khdng diing vl vile hgp phap hda hdn nhan dong gidi d Viet Nam Kenh phd bien cung cap Ihdng tm cho SV ve ngudi ddng tinh va vipe hgp phap hoa hdn nhdn ddng gidi la "phuang tiin truyin thdng dpi ehun^\ vi vdy sinh viln cdn lya chgn thdng tm va kinh trayin thdng uy tm, dam bao thdng tm khach quan vl ngudi ddng tmh vd hgp phap hda hdn nhan dong gidi tgi Viet Nam Dudi gdc dp la smh vien dang bgc tap frong ITnh vye ddo tgo va nghien cflu khoa hgc phap ly, cin dua nhftng dl xuit cy thi giup cac nha qudn ly cd thim cai rtiiin da ehieu vl y kiln eua cde tdng ldp frong xa bOi- TAI LEEU THAM KPL^O [1] Khuit Thu Hong va ding nghilp (2005) Nam cd quan h^ tinh dpc vdi Nam: khung canh xd hoi va cac vdn dl tinh dpc, Viln Phat triln Xa hoi Ha Npi [2] QuIc hpi (2000), Ludt Hdn nhan vd Gia dinh nSm 2000 [3] QulchOi(2010),Luatnu6iconnu6i [4] Tning tdm nghien cuu khoa hoc, Uy ban tiiuong vu qudc hpi (2013), Hdn nhan ding gioi: kmh nghipm mot so nude va thyc tl d Viet Nam, (Tai lilu luu hanh npi bp phuc vu ky hpp thfl cua quIc hpi khda XIII) [5] Hodi Nam Tinh yeu dong gidi: hgnh phiic vd nude mat, http://dantri.com.vii/xa-hoi/tiiih-veu-dongeioi-haiih-phuc-va-Duoc-mat-629536.htm cap nhdt 02/8/2014 [6] Nguyin Thu Nam Hdn nhan dong gidi: xu hudng thi gidi, tdc dpng xd hpi vd bdi hpc kinh n^ilm cho Vilt Nam, http://thongtmphapluatdansu,edu.vn/2Q12/lQ/Q9/Q9-lQ-2012/ cdp nhgt 29/8/2014 [7] P.Thao Tnmg cau J kien dl xuat cong nhgn hdn nhdn ding gidi, http://dantri.com.vn/xa-hoi/tmngcau-v-kien-de-xuat-cong-nhan-hon-nhan-dong-eioi-615381 htm, cdp nhdt ngdy 29/8/2014 [8] Tning tam Nghien cflu Phap ludt vl Quyln ngudi vd Quyln cfing ddn, Tuyin ngon qudc ti nhdn quyln, http://hcrc.hcmulavy.edu.vn/index/ cap nhat ngdy 02/9/2014 Thdi dg cua s/nft vien Tmong Dgi hgc Luat - Dgi hgc Hui vi vigc hgp phap hod hdn nhdn ddng gidiaVigi ivam AN I N V E S T I G A T I O N I N T O T H E A T T I T U D E O F S T U D E N T S AT HUE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE O F LAW ON L E G A L I Z I N G SAME - SEX M A R R I A G E IN V I E T N A M Nguyen Thi Anh Dao Department of Sociology, Hue University College of Sciences Email: ruby080820U@yahoo.com.vn ABSTRACT Currently, the legalization of same-sex marriage (HNDG) has been a controversial issue In making efforts to improve the basic rights of homosexuals, the draft Law on Marriage and Family 2000 has made changes in the legal framework for homosexuals, namely: the term "disapproval of same-sex marriage" has been used as a substitution for "prohibition of same - sex marriage " This article is aimed at analyzing the attitude of students at Hue University College of Law on the legalization of same-sex marriage in Vietnam Keywords: legalization, same-sex marriage, students  ... quy che cdng tdc hgc sinh sinh viln frong cac tmdng dao tao: sinh viln la nhinig ngudi dang theo hge frong eac hi dai hgc vd cao ddng Trong nghien ciiu nay, chung tdi tim hilu sinh viln hi chuih... chinh phii, minh eSng thdy dugc dg: thdo vi vdn di thaa nhdn hdn nhdn ddng gidi a Viet Nam" (Nam, sinh vien nam 4) "Em eung cd dpc trin bdo vd xem tha hp sua ddi nhu thi ndo, nhin nhdn nhu thi... gidi (Nam, sinh viln nam 4) Quan dilm eua SV thi hipn viOc cac bgn nim rat rd cac van ban phap luat cd quy djnh vl quyln eua ngudi Chmh vi SV hilu rd nguyen nhan eiia ddng tirJi Id "bdm sinh"