Chính sách xóa đói giảm nghèo ở thành phố hồ chí minh hiện nay

Chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo & Thanh Ho Chi Minh hien Nguyen Minh Tri ' Tririmg Dai hoc Cong nghe Th^nh ph6 H6 Chi Minh Email; nm.tri@hutech.edu.vn Nh§n ngiy 28 thang nam 2019, Chdp nh^n dang ngiy 14 thdng nam 2019 Tom tat: Hien nay, viec thuc hien chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo luon dugc Dang va Nha nuoc quan t3m, tro tiung tam chien luge phat trien kinh t6 - xa hoi cua dat nuoc Dac biet, hem 30 nam doi mai, cung vai nhung tuu ve Itinh te, thuc hien chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo a Thanh pli6 H6 Chi Minh (Tp HCM) da dat dugc nhihig t\m quan trgng Tuy nhien, vi$c th^c hi?n chinh skh xoa doi giam ngheo a Tp HCM nhung han che nhat dinh Chinh vi vay, viec tiep tuc nghien cmi dl cung c4p them cac can cu khoa hgc cho nhiing quyet sach, nham hoan thien ehinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo a Tp HCM la viec lam cap thiet hien Tukhda: Chinh sach, xoa doi giam ngheo, Thanh Ho Chi Minh Phan lo^i Dganh: Xa hgi hgc Abstract: The implementation of the policy on poverty reduction, which is always attached importance to by the Party and the State, has become the centte of the countty's socio-economic development shategy Especially, over the more than 30 years of renovation, along with economic achievements, the implementation in Ho Chi Minh City has reaped important achievements However, it still has certain limitations Therefore, it is now an urgent task to continue the research to provide more scientific bases for policy decisions and improve the poverty reduction policy in the city Keywords: Policy, poverty reduction, Ho Chi Minh City Sabject classification: Sociology ciia ca nuoc, dirge Dang va Nha nude tin giao trach "Nang cao chat lupng tSng truong va nang lire canh tranh eua kinh Tp HCM la mgt trung tam Ion vh kinh te, th ph6, gin tang tendng kinh th vai vSn hoa, khoa hpc - cong nghe, iin moi phat triSn van hoa, xay dung nguoi, giao luu qu6c ti, co vi tri chinh tn quan I.Mftdau 67 w 'M^" Khoahgcxahoi VietNam, so II -2019 thirc hien tien bo, cong bang xa hoi, bao ve raoi truang; nang cao phiic lgi xa hpi va chat lugng cuoc song nhan dan Xay dung Tp HCM CO chat lugng cuoc s6ng tot, van minh, hien dai, nghia tinh" [4, tr U 9] Vcd nhimg chii truong, chinh sach phat trien phu hgp, toe dp tang trucmg kinh tk Clia Thanh kha cao thai gian qua Neu giai doan truoc d5i moi (1976-1985), t6c dp tang GDP binh quan 2,7%/nam, thi 30 nam doi mcri (1986-2016) dat muc binh quan 10,7%, gap 1,6 lan binh quan ca nuac va nam 2017 dat 8,25%, gop phan dua Thanh tra mot Thanh hiSn dai Tren nen tang nhung tuu dat dugc kinh te, Tp HCM da trien khai, thuc hien chinh sach xoa doi giam ngheo (XDGN) dat nhieu ket qua thiet thuc, bao dam an sinh xa hpi cho nguoi lao dong Tuy nhien, ben canh nhihig tuu dat dugc viec thuc hien chinh sach XDGN a Tp HCM vSn nhijug han che nhan dinh nhu hiSu qua giam ngheo thi6u ben vimg, su chenh lech doi song va miic huong thu van hoa giiia nhan dan npi va ngoai cang 1cm, su phan hoa giau ngheo co xu huang tang nhanh Di6u da va dang tac dpng tieu cue din viec thuc hien chinh sach XDGN a Tp HCM Bai vik phan tich thuc trang va giai phap thuc hien chinh sach XDGN ben vung Tp HCM Thin: tr^ng thu-c hien chinh sach xda doi giam ngheo or Thanh Uh Chi Minh 2.1 Kit qud thuc hien chinh sdch xoa doi gidm ngheo a Tp Ho Chi Minh Vdi viec tri t6c dp tang truang kinh tk kha cao, quy mo kinh tk dugc md rong, tiSm luc kinh tk cang ldn manh da tao ngudn lire dfii dao dku tu phat trien ngudi thong qua viec thuc hien chjnh sach XDGN, timg budc mang lai cupc s6ng thiSt thuc, tao di6u kien cho ngudi ngheo thmn gia va thu hudng nhiing tuu phat trien kinh xk - xa hgi d Tp HCM: Mgt la, ty 1^ hp ngheo giam nhanh Xuat phat tir mo hinh thi dilm tai mpt s6 ip a Tp HCM (nam 1991) vdi tinh thhn "cdng d6ng gitip ngudi ngheo v6n lam an" Ngay 20 thang 02 nam 1992, Thanh uy Tp HCM chinh thiic "tuyen chiln" vdi doi ngjieo vdi Quylt dinh Vl vice t6 chuc, triln khai chuang trinh ph4n dau thu hep va timg budc xoa ngheo d nong thon, la chuong trinh kinh tl - xa h6i tdng hgp, co y nghia chiln luge va lau dai D8 triln khai chuang trinh, Thanh iiy da chpn thi diem d huyen ngoai (Nha Be, Cii Chi, Binh Chanh, Hoc Mon, can Gid, Thu Diic) va cac phudng CO nong nghiep d cac quEin (quSn 8, Binh Thanh, Go Vap va Tan Binh) va budc dau dat dugc ket qua kha quan Cach lam nhanh chong lan tda nhieu dia phuong vdi nhilu each t6 chiic khac va trd mpt nhiJng chuong trinh muc tieu qu6c gia (nam 1995) co y nghia kinh te - xa hpi sau sac Giai doan 2009-2013, Thanh ph6 da triln khai Chuong trinh Giam ngheo, tang hp kha, vdi miic chuin ngheo dugc nang len nrong duong vdi chuin ngheo cua thi gidi (tieu chi hp ngheo cua Thanh ph6 cd muc thu nhap dudi 12 trieu d6ng/ngudi/nam), chuin ngheo cua ca nudc d khu vuc thi nam 2011 la dudi hieu d6ng/ngudi/nam, bSng mot nua so vdi chuSn ngheo ciia Tp HCM Qua nam thuc hi?n Chuong trinh Giam ngheo, tang hp kha, t6ng s6 ho ngheo theo tieu chi thu nhap 12 trieu ddng/ngudi/nam giam tir 152.328 hp (nam 2009) xu6ng 14.000 ho (nam 2013), ty le ho ngheo giam tir Nguyen Minh Tri 8,4% xuong 0,71% Thanh ph6 khong hg ngheo theo chujn qu6c gia giai doan 2011-2015 truoe th6i han nam so voi Nghi quyht Dai hpi Dang bp Thanh ph6 ISn ixiasra Giai doan 2015-2020, theo phuong phap lijp can ngheo da chieu (thu nhap tirteen21 triSu d6ng/nguai/nam ihn 28 trieu d6ng/ngu6i/nam, gom 05 chieu ngheo (chiSu thieu hut xa hpi): giao due va dao tao; y th; viec lam va bao hiem xa h6i; dilu kita stag; tihp can thong tin), nhtoi eai thien chat lupng song ciia hp ngheo, vol Nghi quylt s5 15/2015/NQ-HDND 09 thang 12 nam 2015 ciia Hpi dong nhan dan Thanh Ve Chuong trinh giam ngheo bin viing ciia Tp HCM giai doan 20162020 va Quylt dinh s6 58/2015/QD-UBND 31 thang 12 nam 2015 cua Uy ban nhSn dan Thanh ve viec ban hanh chuan hg ngheo, hp can ngheo Thanh ap dyng giai doan 2016-2020 Theo bao cao Clia Uy ban nhan dan Thanh den cu6i nSm 2018, Tp HCM chi 104 hp ngheo CO thu nhap chuan can ngheo quoc gia, chilm 0,005% so vcji t6ng s6 hp dan phi Dilu ding nghia voi viec Thanh da co ban hoan muc tieu idiong hp ngheo theo chuan quoc gia giai doiin 2016-2020, vl dich truoc thoi han nam [10] Culi nam 2018, Tp HCM chi c6n 104 hg ngheo c6 thu nhap teong chuan c?n ngheo quic gia, chilm 0,005% so vol tong sl hO dan phi Dilu dong nghia v6i vi?c phi da co ban hoan nmc tieu khong hp ngheo theo chuln quic gia giai doan 2016-2020, vl dich huoc thai han nam Sau 27 nam thurc hien chuong trinh XBGN la chuong teinh giam ngheo ben vitag, Tp HCM da co lan dilu chinh miic chuan ngheo va hien tieu chuSn hp ngheo Ciia t h ^ phi cao gip hai lln so voi tieu chuan quic gia, da gop phin quan trpng teong viec dam bao an sinh xa hpi cho ngucfi dan Tp HCM Hai la, chi tieu cho nguoi dan noi chung, nguod ngheo va hp ngheo noi rieng o Tp HCM khong ngimg cai thien Vol viec tri t6c dp tang trudng kinh tl kha cao, cimg vol viec thuc hien chinh sach XDGN phii hpp da gop phan nang cao thu nhap va miic song cho nguoi lao dgngteendia ban Thanh pho, do nguoi lao dpng, nguoi ngheo da d ^ dupc nang cao trinh dp van hoa, hoan thien ky nang chuyen mon, nghiep vu thieh ling cang tot hon cac nganh nghe frong cac khu che xuat, khu cong nghiep noi rieng va sir phat teiln san xuit xa hgi noi chung Neu nhu nam 1990 thu nhap binh quan diu nguoi tang tir 552 USD thi din nam 2000 la 1.365 USD va tSng ISn 5.538 USD (2015), cao gip 2,62 lln so vol mirc binh quan chung ciia ca nu6c, gop phan cai thien miic song cua nhan dan Thanh phi Neu nam 2004 chi tieu binh quan mpt ngucri mgt thangteentoan Thanh phi la 826.800 ding, thi din nam 2010 chi ti6u bmh quan la 2.058.000 dong va din nam 2014 la 2.643.400 ding [1,te.335].Co thi noi, viSc thuc hi^n chinh sach XDGN Tp HCM thoi gian qua da gop phin diu tu cho ngucri phat frien cting nhu thu huong nhiing qua cua tang trucmg kinh tl vi nguoi, tir t^io c5ng vipc In djnh da gop phin giam ty le thit nghiep qua cac nam, tir 6,48% (2000), xulng 5,9% (2005) va 4,5% (2015) [4,te.70],ding thai mirc chi tieu sinh boatteongcac hg gia dinh cang dupe cai thien, nam sau cao hon nam truoc gop phan nang cao chat lugng sing, timg buoc dam bao sir cong bang va tiln bp xa hgi, giam din su tach bipt xa hpi Ba la, ehi sl phat triln nguoi (HDI) dugc cai thien Theo Bao cao cua Chuang frinh Phat triln eiia Lien Hpp Quic 69 Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam, s6 11 - 2019 (UNDP) (2015), HDI ciia Viet Nam nam 2012 la 0,752 (tang 13,56% so vdi nam 1999), do, Tp HCM dung thii hai (sau Ba Ria - Vting Tau) vdi gia tri 0,820 Chi s6 HDI d Thanh ph6 giai doan 20082012, tang binh quan m6i nam 1,57% gip 1,7 lan so vdi HDI ca nudc Danh gia tuu tren, UNDP da nhan dinh, Tp HCM va Da Nang cd gia tri HDI tuong ducmg lin lugt vdi Ba Lan va Croatia [8, tr.36] Dilu minh chiing ro net nhung n6 luc ciia Thanh nham hudng din mo hinh "tSng trudng vi ngudi"; dong thdi, chinh sach xda doi giam ngheo tac dpng trd lai tang trudng kinh te gop phan tich liiy de dau tu cho phat trien giao due, y te, dan den eac chi so phan anh nang luc cua ngudi (bao gom nang luc tai luc, tri luc va the luc) luon dugc nang cao Bdn Id, Tp HCM da tich cue trien khai nghiem tiic cac quy dinh ve chinh sach ho trg va mien giam hpc phi hpc tap nham h6 trg cho em hp ngheo di hpc Mang ludi Hpi khuyen hpc cac cap phat trien rpng rai, gop phan nang cao hieu qua vao viec xay dung xa hoi hpc tap thong qua nhung chuang trinh hpc bong ho trg hpc sinh, sinh vien ngheo hieu hpc, phat trien cac trung tSm cpng dong dap umg yeu cau nang cao dan tri cho mpi ngudi dan gop phan tich cyc vao viec giam hp ngheo tr6n dia ban Thanh ph6; c\i thi, nam 2013 da ho trg cho 32.966 hpc sinh ngheo vdi kinh phi 19,281 ty ddng va giao du toan ngan sach nSm 2014 la 13,435 ty d6ng dl ho trg chi phi hpc tap cho 21.326 hpc sinh theo che dp [5, tr.85] D6ng thdi, Thanh ph6 uu tien diu tu, tap trung ddi mdi va nang cip cac CO sd giao due vung ven va cac huyen, phat dpng phong trao giiip ddi vdi cac trudng thupc dia ban kho khan d ngoai thanh; thuc hien chinh sach uu dai d6i vdi can bo, giao vien cong tac t ^ cac xa thuc sir kho khan va 70 chl dp ddi vdi hpc smh, sinh vien thu6c cac d6i tugng chinh sach, bp doi xuit ngfi Tiep tuc thuc hien Chuong ninh bhih on thi trudng cac mat hang phuc vu mua khai giang nam hpc mdi tren dia ban, nhu tap vd, tui sach, d6ng phuc gop phin thuc hien cdng bang va tiln bp xa hpi qua hinh cong nghiep hoa, hi?n dai hoa Thanh Ndm Id, khong chi cham lo dilu kien hpc tap cho tre binh thudng, Thanh ciing rat quan tam din tre ngheo chuyen biet Ong Le Hoai Nam, Pho Giam d6c Sd Giao due va Dao tao Tp HCM cho bilt, giao due dao tao cho tre khuylt tat hien nay, ciing r i t dugc Thanh ph6 quan tSm D i n hiu hit cae quan, huyen cua Thanh phd deu co trudng chuyen biet d l day cho tre hi khuyet tat, phat triln khong binh thudng Thanh phd dang tiep tuc xay dung va nang cap mpt so trudng chuyen biet nhu trudng chuyen biet Binh Tan, nang cap Trudng Chuyen biet Tuong Lai Quan va Trudng Chuyen biet Anh Duong Quan 12 ; Thanh dang CO trung tSm ho trg giao d\ic hoa nhap ngudi khuyet tat Thdi gian tdi, cac trung tam se diy manh cdng tac nghien cuu sau ve cac l o ^ khuylt tat dl tii hudng dan, tu van dua cac chuong trinh day phii hgp cho tung loai khuylt tgt cho cac trudng chuyen biet Ba Trieu Le Khanh, Phd Chii tich Uy ban Mat trgn To quoc Tp HCM chia se: "Dfii vdi tre khuylt tat, Thanh phd cd nhimg quan tSm rit sat bdi nlu khong quan tam thi day se la ganh nang cho xa hpi va nlu quan tam tot, khich le tot thi se tao ngudn nhdn luc tot cho Thanh pho" [9] Dat dugc nhiing qua tren do: Tp HCM da thudng xuyen, nghiem tiic quan triet cac chu truong, chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nudc v l XDGN vao thuc tiln lam chuyin d6i n h ^ thiic cua he th6ng chinh tri ph6, qua huy dong siic manh cua Nguyen Minh Tri cac ting lop nhan dan va siic manh ting Dieu cho thiy, thu nhap binh quSn hgp cua he thing chinh tei Tp HCM xac Tp HCM giila nhom giau nhit va nhom dinh chii truong thuc hien chucmg trinh ngheo nhat khong dupc cai thien ma giam ngheo ling ghep vao chuong trinh cang gia tang, mac du, sir