QDANTIII-QUANLY NGHIEN Ctfu VE BAO CAO HANH PHUC: BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM TlJ NHUfNG QUOC GIA TREN THE GI61 • DUdNG NGQC HONG TOM TAT: Ngay 20 thdng 3, Mang Iffdi Gidi phdp Phat trien Ben vffng ciia Lien Hiep Qud'e (United Nations) cdng bd' Bdo cao Hanh phue The gidi (World Happiness Report) nam 2019 bao gom bdng xe'p hang mffc dp hanh phue cua 156 qud'c gia dffa tren cac ye'u td', nhff: GDP binh quan dau ngffdi, hd trd xa hdi, sff hilo phdng, ky vong sd'ng lanh manh, quyen tff iffa chpn eude sd'ng vil nhan thffc ve tham nhdng Day la bao cao thffdng nien ciia td chffc qud'e te' Idn nha'l the'gidi, bdng xep hang qud'c gia hanh phtic lan dau dffdc cdng bd'vao 20 thang nam 2012 Ngay nSy cung dffdc Lidn Hiep Qud'c dai la Qud'c te Hanh phue Trong nghien cffu nay, tde gia tap trung phi!n tich ve phffdng phap danh gid ehi so'hanh phiic cda Lien Hi6p Qud'c, tr6n cd sd dd binh luan ve sff hoan chmh va chffa hoan ehinh ve cac tieu chi danh gid, dong thdi dffa bdi hpc kinh nghiem tffmpt so'qud'c gia tren the'gidi TuT khda: Chi sd' hanh phue the gidi Lien Hiep Qud'c, phffdng phdp ddnh gid, mffc dp hanhphijc Td'ng quan vi Bao cao Hanh phue Vao thang nam 2011, Dai hdi dong Lien Hiep Qud'c da didng qua Nghi quye't so' 65/309 ve Hanh phue: Hffdng ldi mdl dinh nglila loan dien v6 sff phal trien Lien Hiep Qud'c mdi cac ntfdc vien Iffdng hanh phue eua ngtrdi dan tai edc qud'c gia dong thdi sff dung nhffng dfl lieu thu nhap dffdc de hffdng dan chinh sdch cdng Sau dd vdo 01 thdng nam 2012, Bdo cdo Hanh phdc The gidi lan dau lien dffdc phal hanh dffdi dang van bdn dffa theo nen tang cua Hdi nghi Ca'p cao Lien Hiep Qud'c - Thinh vffpng va Hanh phue, dinh nghia md hinh kinh te mdi da thu hut dffdc sff chli \ eua nhieu qudc gia tren the gidi' Bdo cao ndy dffde viet bdi cac Gido sff John F Helliwell thupc Trffdng Dai hpc British Columbia va Vien Nghidn cffu lien bp Canada; Lord Richard Layard Gidm dd'c eiia Chffdng trtnh Weil-Being iai Trung tam ve Hieu sua'l kinh le'cua LSE; Giao sff Jeffrey Sachs, gidm dd'c Vien Trai da'l tai Dai hpc Columbia Gidm do'c SDSN va la Co' van dae biet eua Tong thff ky Lien Hdp Qud'c Bao cdo Hanh phue The' gidi 2019 da xe'p hang chi sd' hanh phue tai 156 qud'c gia Mdt so' diem dang chti y sau: Phan Lan da vffdt qua Dan Mach, Na Uy va Iceland dffng dau bang xe'p hang hanh philc toan cau nam thff hai lien tie'p- Vien Nghien cffu Hanh phue co tru sd tai Copenhagen chi rdng Phan Lan dffng dau danh sdch hanh phue mac du khdng cd GDP cao nha't so'cdc qud'c gia Ba'c Au nhffng !a ndi cd thien nhien dep djch vu trdng tre gia cd phai chang gido due midn phi y te dffdc trd ca'p nhieu mang Iffdi an loan xa hdi ke't hdp \di iff ca nhan, can bang cupc sdng va cdng viec-\ Ke'de'n la eac qud'c gia ldng aiene nhff Dan Mach Na Uy Iceland va Ha So 7-Thang 4/2020 189 TAP Cll CQHIi THiniNG Bang Top 10 Qudc gia tren b a n g x e p hqng Ch? so Hqnh phue Th4 gidi 2019 Thil h?ng NUdc Diem GDP binh quan dau ngudi Hfflio xihOi Kyvpng song lanh manh Ti;do lijachon cu^sohg hao phong Nh^thOi: vStham nhung 0.393 SIJ Phan Lan 7.769 134 1.587 0.986 0.596 0.153 Dan mach 7.6 1.383 1.573 0.996 0.592 0.252 0.41 NaUy 7.554 1.488 1.582 1.028 0.603 0.271 0.341 Iceland 7.494 1.38 1.624 1.026 0.591 0.354 0.118 = Ha Lan 7.488 1396 1.522 999 0.557 0.322 0.298 Thuy ST 48 1.452 1.526 1052 572 0.263 0.343 Thuy Dien 7.343 1.387 1.487 1.009 0.574 0.267 New Zealand 7.307 1.303 1.557 1026 0.585 0.33 Canada 7.278 1.365 1.505 1039 0.584 0.285 0.308 1° Ao 7.246 1.376 1.475 1.016 0.532 0.244 0.226 ^ 0.373 ' 0.38 Ngudn: Bdo cdo Hgnh phiic The gicfi, 2019 Lan cung nam top 10 Trong dd, Nam Sudan la qud'c gia dffng cud'i ciing vdi vi tri thff 156 Lien Hiep Qud'c eho bie'l 60% ngffdi dan d day phai dd'i mdt vdi tinh trang ma't an ninh Iffdng thffc sau cudc npi chie'n dam mdu cffdp di sinh mang khoang 400.000 ngffdi Cdc qud'c gia cd xung dot nhff Yemen Afghanistan va Cong hda Trung Phi eiing ndm d cud'i bang (Bang 1) Nam 2019 Viet Nam dffng ihff 94 irong bang xe'p hang, tang bdc so vdi nam ngodi sau cdc mrdc Ddng Nam A nhff Singapore (34), Thdi Lan (52) Philippines (69) Malaysia (80) Indonesia (92) va ldng gieng Trung Qud'c (93) Trong 11 nffdc Ddng Nam A Ddng Timor, Brunei khdng dffdc xd'p hang, Lao dffdc xe'p hang tff nam 2018 Bao eao xe'p hang cdc quo'c gia nam dffa tren bie'n sd chinh de danh gid hanh phtic: GDP binh quan dau ngffdi, hd trd \a hpi, sff hao phdng ky vpng sd'ng lanh manh quyen iff lffa chpn cudc sdng va nhdn thffc ve tham nhung"' Bao edo cho ihay, ne'u xe'p hang theo cdc chi tieu th'i GDP binh quan dau ngffdi cua Viet Nam edn thap dffng thff 105 bang tdng sap Tu\ nhien, Viet Nam cd thff hang tffdng dd'i eao quyen iff lffa chpn cudc sd'ng (25) va k) vong sdng lanh manh (49) Trong dd, bao trd xa hdi chi d mffc trung binh dffng thff 64 bang \ e p h a n g ' (Bang Hmh I) 190 So - T h d n g 4/2020 Bdng Xe'p hqng ChTso Hqnh phCic tqi khu viic Dong Nam A STT Quotjgia T Xep h^ng ti^Sn th&gliSI Singapore Thailand 52 Phillippines 69 Malaysia ' 80 Indonesia ' Vietnam 94 Laos 105 Cambodia Myanmar 34 92 109 ' 131 Nguon: Biio coo Haiilt phtic The gidi 2019 Phffdng phap danh gia Chi sd'Hanh phiic cua Li^n Hi^p Qud'e Lien Hiep Qud'c da dffa vao bieu de hien lhi Chf so' Hanh phue eua loan the' gidi ndi ehung va cho 10 khu vire toan cau ndi rieng, sU phan phd'i cua eau tra ldi dffa vao thang cau h&'\ Cantril va dff lieu dffde sff dung tff Cudc thdm dfi The gidi hdng nam cua Gallup Ngffdi tra ldi se danh gid cudc sd'ng cua hp hang theo thang Iff de'n 10, vdi cupc sd'ny idi te nha't se la va eude sd'ng to't nha't se la 10 Dicu lyehoph^p IIDAIIITRhQUAllLy ^ *1 k Hlnh I: Bong xSp hgng Chi so Hgnh phue cua Viet Nam lil nam 2013 - 2019 i 96.5 9G 95.5 !• i 95 94 94 93.5 93 I I Nguc'm Bdo cdo Hanh phue Thd'gidi 2019 bdo cdo so sdnh mffc dp hanh phiie va ba't binh ddng d nhffng ndi khde tren the'gidi Ddnh gid eude sd'ng Irung binh cua ngffdi dan khde ddng ke giffa cdc khu vffe, cao nhd't la Bdc My va Chau Dai Dffdng (1); tiep theo lan Iffdt xep theo Ihff Iff: Chau Au (2), Chau iVly Lalinh va vung Caribe (3) Trung va Ddng Au (4), Khd'i Ihinh vffdng chung cua cac qud'c gia dpc lap (5), Ddng A (6), Ddng Nam A (7) Trung Ddng va Bae Phi (8), Can Sahara (9) va Nam A (10) Trong bdo cao cdc chuyen gia tff ta't cd cdc ITnh vdc, bao g^m; kinh td', tam ly hoc phan tich khao sdt va Ihdng ke qud'c gia, se mo ta cdch Iffdng hanh philc dffdc sff dung hidu qua nha'l nham danh gid qud irinh phdt trien ciia moi qud'c gia Bao cao dffdc chia lam nhieu chffdng khde di sau \ao cdc van de lien quan de'n hanh phtic bao gom: nhffng benh ly lien quan den lh;1n kinh ldi ich khdeh quan cija hanh phue, tam quan trpng ci5a dao dffc, y nghTa cua chinh sach, Cac thang dffdc long hdp Iff long quan nghien cffu, sau dd ehung dffdc phan tich va so sdnh de lffa chon nhffng thang phu hdp nha'l vdi muc tieu va bd'i cdnh nghien cffu Vi hau he't cdc thang deu CO linh trim tffdng cao nen thang 10 mffc dp (tff den 10) dffdc su'dung nghien cffu na_\de tang sff Iffa chon dd'i vdi dd'i tffdng dffdc dieu tra Dp dn eay cua thang dffdc danh gid bang hd ,w Cronbach's Alpha, qua dd eac bie'n khdng phu hdp se bj Ioai ne'u he sd' tffdng quan bie'n - long hicu ehinh (Correetd Item - Total Correlation) nhd hdn 0.3 va thang dffde cha'p nhan he sd' Cronbach's Alpha dat yeu cau tff 0.7 ird len Gia tri Ihang dffdc kiem dinh thong qua ky thuat phan lich nhan Id' (EFA - exploratory facior analysis): kiem dinh sff hpi tu cua cdc bie'n quan sdt (observable variables) cua cde nhan to' tffdng ffng (factors) Sff hpi tu cua ede bien quan sdt se kiem dinh qua he sd' tffdng quan ddn giffa bien va nhan Id', gid tri hdi tu cua cac bien (factor loandings) Idn hdn 0.5 Phan tich ke't qua hdi quy cdn cff vao cdc thd'ng ke chu yeu nhff la cdc td'ng bmh phffdng (R2 R2 da dieu chinh va R2 thay doi) va cdc he so' hoi quy (Bi va Bi) Gia tri P ctia ihd'ng ke F dffdc sff dung de kiem dinh sff phu hdp cua R2 R2 la phu hdp ne'u gid tri nhd hdn 05 tai a = 05^ Binh luan \ e sff hoan chinh >a chffa hoan chinh cua cac tieu chi danh gia Bdo cdo Hanh phdc The'gidi nam 2019 dffa tren bie'n so' chinh ed md'i iffdng quan nhicu nhat de danh gid chi so' hanh phiic lai 156 qud'c gia bao gom: (1) GDP binh quan dau ngffdi (2) ho trd xa hpi (3) sffhao phdng i4iky \ong sd'ng lanh manh, (5) quyen tff lffa chpn cudc sd'ng va (6) nhan So 7-Thang 4/2020 191 TAPCHl CONGTHUDNG thffe \ e tham nhijng Cac bie'n dffde sff dung la nhffng bie'n dffde chpn Ipc bdng phffdng phap nghien effu dinh tinh qua phdng van bang cau hoi, sau dd sff dung phffdng phap dinh Iffdng de Iffa chpn Iai cdc bie'n phu hdp cho bao eao Ben eanh dd edc bie'n nghien cffu dffdc chon lpc, phan tich va thay doi hdng nam de' phu hdp vdi sff phdt trien cua cae quo'c gia tren the gidi sff khde biel d cdp qud'c gia danh gid cudc sd'ng Tuy nhien, mot sd' bie'n quan trpng chdng han nhff that nghiep hoae sff ba't binh ddng \ e gidi linh/giai cap, khdng xuii'l hien bdo cao vl dff lieu qud'e te chffa cd san mau day du tff cdc qud'c gia Dilu chffng minh rdng sff giau cd chffa chic mua dffde hanh phue GDP ciia M> cao nhS'l thg' gidi nam 2019, nhffng nhd kinh le hpc Jeffrey Sachs, mdt nhffng tac gia cua bdo cdo, da chi rang linh trang sffc khoe cua ngffdi dan cang toi t^, sff suy gidm niem tin \ao \a hOI cung nhff niem lin vao chinh phii dang khi^n nhieu ngffdi My khdng hdi long, dan den chi so hanh phtic cua hp khdng eao Ben canh dd, nhffng ldi ich tff thu nhap binh qudn ddu ngffdi eao d My deu dffdc ngffdi dan phan ldn siYdung vdo cd bae, phffdng lien truyen thdng xa hdi chdi game, mua sa'm va tieu diing khdng lanh manh 3.1 GDP binh qudn ddu ngddi (GDP per capita) Tong san phd'm qud'e npi (GDP) Id gid tri cua la'l ca hang hda va dich vu ma mdl qud'c gia san xua't hang ndm Con sd' ihffdng dffde tinh bdi mpt cdquan thd'ng ke cua chinh phu Mdi qud'e gia tinh todn GDP mdl cdch ddc lap vi ra't nhieu thdng tin dffdc phan loai bdt budc tinh todn sd Chia GDP cho long dan so'ciia mdt qud'c gia ehiing ta se cd GDP binh qudn dau ngffdi Da> dffdc cho la phffdng phdp ehinh xac nha't de xdc dinh mffe giau ed cua mdt qud'c gia Hau he't chung ta deu bie't, sff giau cd cita mpl qud'c gia cd md'i Iffdng quan cao vdi hanh phue cua nd GDP binh quan dau ngffdi eao cho phep sff phat tnen lang trffdng, thuan lien va ra't nhieu thff khde dan de'n mffc dd hanh phue cao hdn 3.2 Hd trd xa hgi (Social support) Yeu to' quan trpng tie'p theo dffdc xdc dinh bdi Bao cdo Hanh phue The' gidi Id "Hd trd xa hdi", Ye'u to' dffdc xac dinh bdi ke't qua khao sdt diT lieu cua Gallup World Poll Trong bang khdo sdt, nhffng ngffdi phdng va'n da dffdc hoi nhff sau: "Nd'u ban gap rac rd'i, banco ngffdi than hodc ban bfim^ ban cd thi lin tffdng de giiip ban ba't cff niio ban e^n hay khdng?" Mpi ngffdi chi cd the tra ldi "Cd" hodc "Khdng", "Cd" se bdng " " vS "Khdng" se bang "0" Trung binh ctia la'l cd cdc cau tra ldi dan den mdl gid trj nha'l dai di?n cho so' Iffdng hd trd xa hdi cd mat d mdl qud'c gia Ben canh dd, van cd mdl \ai ngoai le vi du nhff Costa Rica Mac du GDP cua qud'c gia tffdng dd'i tha'p so vdi nhieu nffdc phffdng Tay nhffng Costa Rica van xe'p hang rat cao ve Chi so' Hanh phue tren the' gidi nam 2019 (dffng thff 12 tren 156 qud'c gia) Theo nghien cffu tat ca ngffdi Costa Rico dffdng nhff ra't hanh phiie, mae dii da'l nffdc dang gap rac rd'i bdi ldi pham cd sd lang kem phdt trien \'a bao lffc nhffng dieu dd van khdng ngan dffdc ngffdi dan cam tha'y hanh phtic Dieu chffng minh GDP khdng phai la ye'u to' ehinh va quan trpng nha'l de ddnh gid Chi so' Hanh phue lai mpt \ai qud'c gia O chieu ngffdc Iai M> \a Trung Qud'c la ctrdng qud'c cd nen kinh le Idn nha'l nhi the gidi Tuy nhien, iheo Bao cao Hanh phiic nam 2019 xep hang eua M> la 19 va xe'p hang cua Trung Qud'e la 95 (tha'p hdn ca Viel Nam hang 94| 192 So 7-Thdng 4/2020 Cae mrdc ngheo cd kha ndng dat diem thS'p hdn cau hdi hd trd xa hpi Trong sd' 156 nffdc dffpc khao sal Cong hda Trung Phi (h^ng 155/156) dat diem tha'p nha't ve ho trd xa hoi Dieu dd dang dffdc giai thich bdi cudc xung dot lien tiJC lai qud'c gia Tuy nhi^n, Chi s^ Hanh phiie ndi chung cua qud'c gia khdng phdi la tha'p nha'l Dieu ndy chi rdng md'i Iffdng quan giffa Chi so' Hanh phdc vd mffc dp Ho lr0 xa hpi khdng phai la tuye'n tinh, ma la theo cap sd'nhan Viec thie'u Ho trp xa hpi anh hffdngd^n Chi so' Hanh phiic d mot mffe dp nha'l dinh 3.3, Su hdo phdng (Generosity) St/hao phong ciing dffdc xdc dinh bdi kel qua khao sat cua Gallup World Poll Nhffng ngitdi phdng vd'n da dffde hdi nhff sau; "Ban da quyen gdp tien cho mdl to chffc tff thien thdng qua?" Trung binh eua tat ca cde phan hoi ("Cd" la "T'va "Khdng" la "0") se xdc dinh dau ciia ye'u Id' Dda vao ke't qua cua bdo cao, tde gii dffa kel luan rang ban se hanh phue hdn ban cd' gang va vui ve ehia se hanh phue ciia OUANTRIQUANLV neng ban den nhffng ngffdi khde Day Id mdl bai hpc quy gid vd the' gidi se trd thdnh mdt ndi td't dep hdn nhieu ngffdi tap trung vao viec chia se hanh phue, hanh phue ddi chi ddn gian la ta bie't cho di 3.4 Ky vgng song ldnh manh (Healthy life expectancy) ijdc tinh \e ky vpng sd'ng lanh manh dffa tren so'ndm "khde manh" trung binh tff mpt dffa tre sinh de'n gia di vd dffdc Lien Hiep Qud'c linh todn dffa tren hdn IOO ye'u to' sffc khoe khac Md'i tffdng quan giffa ky vpng sd'ng Ianh manh vd Chi so'Hanh phiic caocd the tha'y rd dffa vdo nhffng ke't qud dffdc hien thi tren bdo edo 3.5 Quyen tU liia chgn cugc song (Freedom) Quyen Iff Iffa chpn cupc song Id mdt ye'u to' quan trpng khde Bdo cdo Hanh phue Cung gid'ng nhff Hd trd xa hdi, ye'u Id' dirpc xdc djnh dffa tren ke't qua khao sdt cua Gallup World Poll Nhffng ngffdi phdng va'n da dffdc hdi nhff sau: "Baned hdi long hodc khdng hai long vdi sir Iff Clia minh Irong viec chpn liTa nhffng viec ban cd the lam irong cudc sd'ng cua ban hay khdng?" Mpi ngffdi chi cd the' tra ldi "Cd" hodc "Khdng", "Cd" se bang " " va "Khdng" se bdng "0" Trung binh ciia td't ca cdc cau tra ldi dan de'n mpt gid tri nhd't dai dien cho quyen tff ItTa chpn cupc song cd mat d mot qud'c gia Mpl ngoai le dang chu y d day la Algeria (hang 88/156) ndi dai dffdc diem tffdng dd'i td't iren Bdo cdo Hanh phue mdc dCi die'm ve Quyen iff lffa chpn cudc sd'ng kha tha'p Dieu ndy cho iha'y kich thffdc mdu cua Gallup la "chi" mang linh Iffdng dd'i "trung binh" Do dd, mffc dO tin cay va ty Ie sai sdt ciia cdc ke't qua cd the dao dpng d mdi qud'c gia Theo phffdng phdp khao sat cde qud'c gia cd dan sd' ldn nhieu kha nang se k^m chinh xdc hdn ke't qua nghien cffu 3.6 Nhqn thitc ve tham nhiing (Corruption) Nhan Ihffc ve tham nhijng cijng dirdc xdc dinh la yd'u to' chinh irong Bdo cdo Hanh phue nam 2019 Ye'u to' dffdc xdc dinh bdng each tinh Irung binh dffa vdo ket qua tff hai cau hdi sau da\ • (1) "Tham nhung cd lan rpng khap Chinh phii tai qudc gia cua ban hay khdng?", vd (2) "Tham nhung ed phd' bien eae doanh nghiep tai qude gia eiia ban hay khdng?" Die'm ma'u chdt d day cd the thay tren the gidi \eu Id' tham nhung vdn cdn phd' bie'n lai mdt sd qud'c gia Dffa \ao ke't qua khao sal hdn mdt nffa so'ngffdi dffdc phdng van tren loan the'gidi tra ldi rdng tham nhung la viec kha bie'n Day cung la ye'u id' quan trpng eud'i cilng dffde xdc dinh Bdo cao Hanh phiie Tuy nhien veu Id' cd md'i tffdng quan nhd nha'l vdi chi s6' hanh phue Rat nhieu qud'c gia ed chi sd' tham nhung eao \an tri chi sd hanh phue eao Bai hpc tff mpt so'quo'c gia tr^n thd'gidi 4.1 Dan Mach Nam 2019 Dan Mach xe'p hang 02 tren long sd' 156 qud'c gia theo Bdo cdo Hanh phiic (dffng nha'l vao nam 2013 va 2016) Khdng phdi ngau nhien ma qud'c gia eo thff hang cao Bdo eao Hanh phue Tai nffdc na_\ giao due va y le dffde mien phi cho todn ddn ty le lot pham iha'p, mang Iffdi an sinh xa hpi dam bao dan sd'cd trinh dp tffdng ddng va cupc sd'ng tffdng ddi sung tiie Tuy nhien, dieu quan trpng nhd'l la nhffng nffdc ludn idi lien sff can bdng -dffdc xem la "cdng thffc Clia hanh phtic" (theo CNBC) Tai Dan Mach, mdt tuan lam viec thffdng keo ddi 37 tie'ng Trong dd, theo Cue Thdng ke Lao dpng My mdt luan lam viec trung binh eua ngffdi My Id 44 gid tffdng dffdng 8,8 lie'ng mpt Dieu ba't ngd hdn nffa la thdi dp ciia ngffdi Dan Mach dd'i vdi viec Iao ddng irong ihdi gian dai Trong nhieu ngffdi My xem lam viec mudn nhff mpl dieu ddng iff hdo va la edch de thdng tie'n ngffdi Dan Mach Iai xem la mdl ye'u die'm De dat dffpc hieu qua lam viec td't nha't, ngffdi Dan Mach thffdng khdng giao lffu hay giai lao giffa gid de lam nhffng viec vat Ngoai ra, tai Dan Mach nhan vien loan thdi gian lai cae edng ty thffdng dffdc nghi phep hffdng Iffdng tuan hen de di du lich ba't ke vi tri hay ITnh vffc hp dam nhan Trong dd, nhan vien M\ vdi tham nien nam mdi dffde cho nghi phep du lich 15 ngay^ 4.2 New Zealand New Zealand xep hang 08 tren td'ng sd' 156 qud'c gia theo Bdo cao Hanh phtic nam 2019 eua Lien Hiep Qud'c Hd trd xa hdi la mot nhffng yeu to chinh giup xe'p hang hanh phue ciia ngffdi dan New Zealand cao Vdo ihdng nam 2019 ThiJ Iffdng New Zealand JacindaArdern da 2idi thieu "Ngan sach hanh phtic qud'c gia" ddu So 7-Thang 4/2020 193 TAP CHl CONG THIfOiNG tien tren the'gidi Ngan sdch se cung cd'p cho cac dff an de giai qu\ei ede van de ve: bien doi hdu chuyen doi kC thuat sd nang cao >ffe khde ngffdi dan hd trd nhd d va ngdn chan bao lffc gia dinh Ben canh cam gidc ke't ndi va gan gui da dffdc ngffdi dan New Zealand the' hien rd sau vu xa sung nha thd Hoi giao phd' Christehurch vao 15 thang 03 nam 2019 Ngffdi ddn tai New Zealand da cung hd trd chi phi lang le cho gia dinh nan nhdn va deo khan triJm dau nhdm bay to sffdong cam va tdn trpng vdi edng ddng Hoi gido lai qude gia Ngoai ra, ngffdi dan New Zealand da eung an ui va ho trd he't minh eho nhffng nan nhan vu tham sdt Ndi each khde dd'i mat vdi bi kich ngffdi dan New Zealand se trd nen kien cffdng hdn Sau Iran ddng da't nam 2011 va cudc tan cdng khiing bd' d thdnh phd' Christehurch - vdi sff Hd trd xa hdi cao ndi mpi ngffdi dffdc ke't nd'i dong cam \a chia se da Idm tang thff hang Bdocdo Hanh phue the'gidi 4.3 Tdy Ban Nha Theo Bdo cao Hanh phtic nam 2019 Tdy Ban Nha xe'p thff 30 tren td'ng so' 156 qud'c gia, dd thff 30 ve GDP binh qudn dau ngffdi thff 26 ve hd trd xa hpi, thff thdi gian sd'ng khde manh, thff 95 ve Iff lffa ehon cudc sd'ng thff 50 \ e sff hdo phdng, thff 78 ve nhan thffc ve tham nhung Ngffdi Tay Ban Nha rat coi trpng cdc md'i quan he xa hpi, ngffdi gia thffdng dffdc cham sdc va quan tam cung nhff cacffudai danh cho tre em Cdc cudc dieu tra rieng eiia Tay Ban Nha cho tha'y mac diJ ly le tha't nghiep cao vd tinh hinh chinh trj cang tdi te nhutig ngffdi dan ndi chung la hai Idng \ e linh hinh dd't nffdc Dieu tffdng iff eung \a\' vdi hdn nam trieu ngffdi dan nhap cff tai Tay Ban Nha Nghien cffu eho tha'y cdc qud'c gia hanh phiic nha'l thffdng ed xu hffdng nhffng ngffdi nhap eff se cam tha'y hanh phue d day 4.4 Biilitan Bhutan xe'p hang 95 tren td'ng sd' 156 qud'e gia (sau Viet Nam xep hang 94) theo Bao eao Hanh phiic nam 2019 ciia Lien Hiep Qud'e Tuy nhien theo ddnh gid eiia rieng Buhtan Chi so' Hanh phtic Clia qude gia ndy khd eao Ly la Buhtan sff dung khao sdt Tdng Hanh phue Qude gia iGNH - Gross National Happiness)** khde vdi edc 194 So 7-Thdng 4/2020 tieu chi dffde sff dung cho Bdo cdo Hanh phiic the gidi Bhutan noi tie'ng la qud'c gia hanh phiic nhat the gidi mdc dd nen kinh te eua hp khdng md'y phdt trien De ngffdi dan sdng hanh phiic thffc stf, qud'e gia khdng nhd'l thiel phai giau cd phdt trien Quan trpng la ngffdi dan d dd cd thd' sd'ng thoai mai Mdt da't nffde hanh phiic Id ndi ngffdi ddn ludn cam tha'y hp sd'ng cd ich mud'n chia se va cd'ng hid'n cho edng dong, Ke' tff qud'c gia Buhtan dffdc thdnh lap, iSni linh va long trac a'n dd dffdc tich hdp chung vdi quan tri da't nffdc Hdn nffa, sff tich hdp ndy da xay cd cap dp ed nhan va the ch6' Td'ng Hanh phue Qud'c gia va Chi so' td'ng Hanh phue Qud'e gia dffdc thie't ke' de hffdng d^n cdc hogl ddng eiia ngffdi dan nhdm ndng cao hanh phdc tren khdp da't nffdc Bhutan Cdc tidu chi dffpc MV dung Bdo cdo Chi sd'long Hanh phtic Qu6'c gia thupc ITnh vffc sau day: (1) sffc khde tdm IJ (2) sffc khoe, (3) gido due, (4) sff dung thdi gian, (5) da dang vdn hda vd kha nang phue hdi, { 6) quan tri td't (7) da dang sinh thdi vd kha ndng phue h6'i, (8) sffc sd'ng cdng ddng, vd cud'i ciing (9) Id mffe sd'ng Ke't ludn Hanh phiic la mot khai niem khd cd the djnh Iffdng nhffng cd ea mdl khoa hpc ve hanh phdc Theo Jeff Sachs, giao sff Dai hpc Columbia, d6ng sdng lap Bao cdo Hanh phue Thd' gidi, "Hanh phdc id trang thdi thda mdn vdi cudc sd'ng, vecdbdndiS khdng phai la mpt thffdc rdng cffdi ldn hay mim cffdi hdm qua, ma la caeh hp cam nhan ve cudc so'ng cua minh" B6n canh dd, hanh phflc Id cdm nhdn chii quan cua ngffdi Id sff th6a man ciia ngffdi cac md'i quan he vdi mfil trffdng sd'ng xung quanh, bao gom: mdi trffdng US nhien, mdi trffdng xa hdi va mdi trffdng nOi tdm ciia ehinh ban than mdi ngffdi Tuy nhien, nhieu J kie'n cho rang, Chi sd' ve Hanh phue la mpt khdi niem mang tinh trffu iffdng va khac dS^i vdi hoan canh mdi ngffdi Viet Nam hidn dang dffng thff 94 bang xe'p hang 156 qud'c gia ve Chi s^ Hanh phue - thff hang tffdng cao dd'i vdi mot diCl nffde cd mffc thu nhap trung binh - iha'p va ngffdi Viet Nam cung lffdng do'i lae quan va hai Idng vdi nhffng gi hp dang cd nhi/ cdng an viec lam, ddi song gia dinh - xa hdi phiJc ldi - bdo hiem tff NhS nffdc vd cudc sdng thoai m:ii hien t;.' • IDAN TBI-QUAN l y lAl LI(;i TRICH DAN V.\ THAM KHAO: Uniled S.iU ns - Suslainable Development Solulions Network I 20I2I De/initig o \ , i , Ecoiioiitic Poradigtti: The Report of the Higit-Level Meeting on Wellbeing and Happiness John F Hcllniell (2019) Ricliard Layard and Jeffrey D Sachs 2019 World Happiness Report 2019 Astor Maggie ( 201S I, Want to Be Happy? Try Moving to Finland John F Helliwell (2019) Richard Layard and Jeffrey D Sachs, 2019 ll'orW Happiness Report 2019 i Phi/ong VQ ( 2019) Viet Nam xSp 94 bang xep hang hanh phue g6m I.S6 quoc gia Iitip://Lyit,c.rn/ iin-tuc/thong-tln/viel-nain-xep-94-lrong-bang-xep-hang-hanb'pltitc-gont-!56-iim)c-gia World Poll - Gallup ( 2020) How Does Ihe Gallup World Poll Work Ngoc Trang (2020) Vi too Dan Mitch Phan Lan liaiih phtic itiiiii lite giiii? Adler Braun & Alejandro ( 2009) Gross National Happiness in Bhutan: \ Lhing Example of an Aitertwlive Ngay nh«n bai: 15/3/2020 Ng^y phan bi^n danh gia va sii'a chiTa: 25/3/2020 Ngay cha'p nhSn dSng bai: 5/4/2020 Thimg tin Idc giii: DLfONG NGpC HONG KIloa Kinh doanh Quo'c te' - Marketing Trifclng Dai hpc Kinh te' Thanh ph6' Ho Chi Minh A STUDY ON THE WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT: LESSONS FROM SUCCESSFUL COUNTRIES • DUONG NGOC HONG School of International Business - Marketing, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City ABSTRACT: The World Happiness Report is an annual ptibhcation of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Solutions Network since 2012 until now On 20* March 2019 the World Happiness Report 2019 ranks 156 countries by their happiness levels, and 117 countries by the happiness of their immigrants As a result, the International Day of Happiness is celebrated worldwide every year on 20"" March All the top countries tend to ha\ e high values for all six of the key variables that have been found to support well-being in eluding: income, healthy life expectancy, social support, freedom, hoist and generosity Among the top countries, differences are smalJ enough diat year-toyear changes in the rankings are to be expected This article is to analyze the evaluation criteria of the World Happiness Report in order to perfect these criteria and also introduces lessons from some countries Keywords: World Happiness hidex United Nations, methods and philo-sophy, happiness level So - Thdng 4/2020 195 ... gia ehiing ta se cd GDP binh qudn dau ngffdi Da> dffdc cho la phffdng phdp ehinh xac nha't de xdc dinh mffe giau ed cua mdt qud'c gia Hau he't chung ta deu bie't, sff giau cd cita mpl qud'c gia. .. tff cdc qud'c gia Dilu chffng minh rdng sff giau cd chffa chic mua dffde hanh phue GDP ciia M> cao nhS'l thg' gidi nam 2019, nhffng nhd kinh le hpc Jeffrey Sachs, mdt nhffng tac gia cua bdo cdo,... noi tie'ng la qud'c gia hanh phiic nhat the gidi mdc dd nen kinh te eua hp khdng md'y phdt trien De ngffdi dan sdng hanh phiic thffc stf, qud'e gia khdng nhd'l thiel phai giau cd phdt trien Quan