Hoạt động can thiệp, hỗ trợ về phòng, chống bạo lực gia đình ở việt nam và một số vấn đề cần quan tâm về chính sách

HOAT D O N G CAN T H I E P , HO TRO VE PHONG, CHONG BAO Lire GIA DINH VIET NAM VA MOT SO VAN DE CAN QUAN TAM VE CHINH SACH N G U Y £ N HUtJ MINHTRAN THI HONG" Tir klida: phu nu Vi^t Nam, bgo luc gia dinh, phong, chong bgo iiec gia dinh, chinh sdch gia dinh Ngay nhgn bai: 02/1/2020; ngdy giri phdn bien: 03/01/2020: ngdy duyft ddng bdi: 10/02/2020 Mvdau Tuyen ngon the gioi ve quyen nguai da khing dinh mpi nguoi sinh deu CO quyen binh dang \i pham gia va cac quyen Bat ki mot hanh vi bao ly:c nao doi vcri phy nir deu vi pham nhan quyen Nhumg tren thuc te, bao luc doi voi phy nil duai nhilu hinh thirc da va dang xay o mpi cpng dong, mpi quoc gia tren th6 gioi bat ki su khae biet ve giai cap, chiing tpc, ton giao Bao lyc gia dinh (BLGD) khong chi la van de ctia mpt quoc gia hay khu vuc ma no la vSn de mang tinh toan cau Can thi?p vao cac hanh vi BLGD va hS trp cac nan nhan la mpt nhQng van de co y nghTa quan trpng cac hoat dpng phong, chong BLGD can cu theo Luat Phong, ch6ng BLGD 2007 (Luat 2007), hoat dpng bao ve, ho trp nan nhan ve BLGD bao gom phat hien va bao tin ve BLGD; Cac bien phap ngan chan va bao ve nan nhan; Cam tiep xuc theo quyet dinh cua uy ban nhan dan xa hoac toa an; Cham soc nan nhan tai cac ca sa kham, chtra benh; Tu van cho nan nhan; Ho trp khan cap cac nhu cau thiet yeu Cac boat dpng dupc thuc hien thong qua cac to chiic chinh quyen, doan the va cac ca sa trp giup nan nhan BLGD Luat 2007 quy djnh cac ca sa trp giup nan nhan BLGD la nai cham s6c, tu van, tam lanh, h6 trp nhimg dieu kien can thiet khae cho nan nhan BLGD Co sa trp giiip nan nhan BLGD bao gom: a) Co sa kham, chira bfnh; b) Co sa bao trp xa hoi; c) Co scr h6 trp nan nhan BLGD; d) Co scr tu van vS phong, ch6ng BLGD; d) Dia chi tin cay a cpng dong Dua tren cac van ban phap luat, bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien Luat 2007, cac ket qua nghien ciiu, bai viet tim hieu thyc trang cac boat dpng can thiep, h6 tra ve phong, chong BLGD Chinh phii • GS.TS.; Vi?n Nghien ciru Gia dinh va Giai, Vi?n Han Iam Khoa hpc xa hpi Vi?t Nam " TS.; Vi?n Nghien curu Gia dinh va Giai, Vi?n Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Vi^t Nam Nghiin ciiu Con ngudi s61(106) 2020 Nguyen Huu Minh vd Trdn Thj Hong Viet Nam trien khai thuc hien Uong nhirng nSm qua, danh gia hi$u qua va gpi mpt so van de can quan tam ve mSt chinh sach nham tang cuong tinh hi?u qua ciia cac boat dpng Thyc trang cac hoat dgng can thiep, ho trgf ve phong, chong bao lyc gia dinh a Viet Nam nhirng nam qua 2.1 Tinh hinh Irien khai cdc hogt dong can Ihiep, ho tra ve phong, chong bgo luc gia dinh Viet Nam Khoang tir n5m 2001, Uucrc tinh trang BLGD co xu huang caiig bien va gay nhieu hau qua nghiem trpng ve sire khoe the chat, tinh than cho ngn nhan hi bao lyc ma chii yeu la nir gicri, cac boat dpng can thiep, ho tra ve phong, chong BLGD da dupc thuc hien thong qua mpt so dy an phong, chong BLGD va bao lyc tren co so gioi Cac du an, de an phan Icm dupc thyc hien voi sy ho trp tai chinh va kT thuat ciia cac to chirc quoc te thong qua he thong can thiep a cpng dong (Nguyen Hitu Minh va Le Ngpe Lan, 2007; Nguyen Van Anh, 2005; Nguyen Thi Hoai Due, 2001; Hpi Lien hi$p phu nii Viet Nam, 2005; Le Thj Phucmg Mai va dong nghiep 2005; ) Nam 2007, Luat Binh dang giai chinh thtic CO hieu lyc thi hanh Mpt nSm sau do, nSm 2008, Luat Phong, chong BLGD duge thyc thi tren thuc te Su doi hai bp lu$t quan trpng da thiic day Chinh phu Viet Nam trien khai tich cue cac bien phap can thiep nham phong ngira va giam thieu nhOng riii ro cua cac hinh thirc BLGD thai gian qua Dong thdi, tren co so nhimg kinh nghiem co dupc tir nhirng hojt dpng da thuc hi?n truoc do, tit nam 2007, nhieu hoat dpng can thiep, ho trp nham phong ngira tinh trang BLGD va ho trp cho cac nan nhan bi bao lyc da dupc thyc hien 2.1.1 Cdc bien phdp can ihiep Ve cac boat dpng can thiep, tiep nhan cac vu BLGD, hoa giai tai ch6 la bien phip can thiep dau tien va ph6 biSn nhJt d6i voi cac vy BLGD Tilp iin la "bao voi nguoi co trach nhiem xir li" va thuang nguai co trach nhiem xu li la ban hoa giai phuong/xii tu phap va cong an xa/phu6ng Neu van khong giai quyit dupc thi sy viec co the dua len toa an Cung co truang hpp bao lyc, nan nhan khong nhir den boa giai ma lam don giri thang len toa an, Ducmg ddy nong ia dia chi liep nhdn thdng lin vi cdc vu viec BLGD Trong mo hinh phong, chong BLGD cua Bp Van hoa, Thi thao va Du ljch, he th6ng dudng day nong dupc xay dung \cri muc dich de nguai dan, nguoi bi bao luc co the gpi va thong tin kjp thai \ e viec sinh cac truong hap BLGD a dja phuang cho nhiJng ngudi co trach nhiem va kha nang giai quyit PhSn lan s6 dien thoai dudng day nong la dien thoai cua trudng, cong an cap huyen, xa Mpt s6 noi dudng day nong duac dat tai uy ban nhan dan xa Cong an cac huyen, thi xa da phoi hop vdi Phong Van hda - Thong tin cimg cSp chi dao cong an' hpi phy nir cac xa/phudng/thj tran phoi hpp thyc hien bien s6 dien thoai dudnc Nghien ciiu Con ngudfsS 1(106) 2020 Hoat dons can thiep ho tro day nong phdng, chdng BLGD cho can bd va nhan dan biet Trong dieu kien dja phucmg chua cd du ngudn luc, vat luc dl xay dung mpt dudng day ndng danh rieng cho thdng tin vl BLGD, viec ket hap sd dien thoai cua cong an hay ciia nhihig ca nhan cd trach nhiem viec phdng, chdng BLGD de bao tin vl BLGD se tang kha nang thong tin nhanh nhat nham ban che tdi da nhiing hau qua ma BLGD cd tbl gay To hda gidi/dgi can thiep/nhdm phong, chong bgo luc gia dinh cd chirc nang giai quyet tjt ca nhitng tranh chap, bat ddng, mau thuin cdng dong Vdi vien gdm dai dien doan the, chinh quyen ca sd, nhirng ngudi cd uy tin, cd kinh nghiem cdng tac tai cdng ddng, cac td, ban cd vai trd quan trpng ddi vdi viec giai quyet mau thuan va BLGD Tuy nhien, khdng phai vu viec, mau thuan nao cung cd sy tham gia cua ban hda giai de dan xep Thudng thi nhiing ban hda giai chi chinh thirc dirng giai quyet vu viec da dupc bao cao, qua cac trinh ty thil tyc nhat dinh Cach thirc hda giai la khuyen can, phan tich de ca ngudi gay bao lyc va nan nhan bi bao lyc hieu ve nguyen nhan mau thuan va each thiic giai quyet mau thuin khong bao lyc Mpt nhiing ban che ciia hoat dpng la tinh trang khuyen nhu ngudi phy nir nhjn chdng va chiu dyng hanh vi bao lyc (Nguyen Hiiu Minh va Tran Thi Van Anh, 2009; Tran Tuyet Anh, Nguyen Hiiu Minh va Hoa Hiru Van, 2014; Tran Tuyet Anh va ddng nghiep, 2015) Trong khudn khd md hinh phdng, chdng BLGD cua Bd Van hda The thao va Du ljch, nhdm phdng, chdng BLGD dupc lap vdi nhiem vy co ddng nhanh, ngan chan kjp thdi cac vy bao luc xay tren dia ban thdn ap, bao ve nan nhan, cac vien mdi nhdm dupc phan cdng theo dia ban, lap danh sach cac ddi tupng cd nguy ca cao gay bao luc (nghien rupu, ddi tupng da tirng gay bao lyc, gia dinh thudng xuyen mau thuan, gia dinh khdng cd thu nhap dn djnh, kinh te khd khan, ) de theo doi, gap ga, tu van cho cac vien gia dinh ve cac kT nang img xii gia dinh va phdng, chdng BLGD Chinh viec lap danh sach ddi tupng cd nguy co cao va phan cdng rd rang trach nhiem ciia timg vien nhdm nen tai dja ban triin khai md hinh, cac vu BLGD nghiem trpng da khdng xay (Trin Tuylt Anh, Nguyin Htru Minh va Hpa Hiru Van, 2014; Tran Tuyet Anh va ddng nghiep, 2015) Xie li hdnh vi BLGD Id bien phdp can thiep ddnh cho ngircri gdy BLGD Tiiy thupc vao mirc dp ciia hanh vi BLGD, nhimg each giao dye, xir li khae duac ap dung nhu: ki cam ket vdi chinh quyen, giao due trudc td dan phd, xir phat hanh chinh (phat tien, phat lao ddng cdng ich) Bang trinh bay sd lupng vu BLGD ma ngudi gay bao luc da hi xir li theo quy djnh ciia phap luat qua cac nam tir 2012 - 2017 Theo sd lieu nay, phd bien nhat la bi$n phap gdp y, phe binh cpng ddng dan cu Ngtiien Cliu Con ngudi so 1(106) 2020 N^meii Hint Minh va Trdn Thi Hong, Bang 1: Cac bifn phap xir li ngirdi gay bao lire gia dinh TT Chi tieu Don vj Nam Nam Nam NSm NSm Nam 2017 tinh 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Vu 40.973 29.289 21.848 19.274 14.790 13.221 Tdng sd vu BLGD Bien phap da xir li neudi gay BLGD Gdp y, phe binh 2.1 cdng ddng dan cu Ap dyng bien phap 2.2 cam tiep xuc Ap dyng cac bien phap 2.3 giao due Tam gitt; xii phat 2.4 hanh chinh 2.5 Xir li hinh sy Vy Vy 24.523 19.426 14.638 13.319 9.430 977 1.084 9.174 505 440 232 580 Vu 5.532 4.173 2.801 2.817 1.378 975 Vu 1.893 1.864 1.488 1.325 1.066 1.151 Vu 350 279 190 123 105 125 Nguon: BQ Vdn hoa The Ihao va Du ljch 2018, So li^u Ihdng ke ciia 62/63 tinh, Ihdnh 2.1.2, Cdc bi^n phdp tr^; giup Ve cac boat ddng trp giup, hai hinh thirc trp giiip nan nhan chinh la trp giiip ve tinh than, cham sde sire khde va trp giiip vat chit nhu tu vin phap li, hd trp nai tam lanh, giiip tao von lam an, gidi thieu viec lam, Nhiing hd trp nhu vay da gidp nan nhan bj BLGD giam thiiu cac thiet hai vl sire khde tbl chit, tinh than bdi hanh vi BLGD, tang kha nang img phd vdi hanh vi BLGD Viec trg giup phdp li cho ngn nhdn BLGD da dupc bo sung vao npi dung cua Thdng tu sd 07/2011/TT-BTP coi nan nhan bi BLGD la ddi tugng cin dupc trp giup khin d p , dac biet Hien na\ tit ca 63 tinh, phd d Viet Nam diu cd Phdng Trg giiip phap li tryc thugc Sd Tu phap Ngoai ra, cdn cd hang nghin Cau lac bp trp giiip phap li d cap xa He thdng cung d p djch vu phap li mien phi, bao gdm tu van phap li, dai dien phap li lam don va hda giai thdng qua dpi ngu can bp phap li x a cdng tac \ ien he thdng Tuy nhien, thuc tl khao sat d cac dja phuang cho thay djch vu trg giup phap li chua phat huy nhilu hieu qua d cac vimg ndng thdn (Tran Tuyet Anh, Nguyen Huu Minh va Hoa Httu Van 2013Tran Tuyet Anh va ddng nghiep, 2015; Bg Van hda, Tbl thao va Du ljch, 2018) Ddo tgo nghe, gidi thieu viec ldm vd hd Ira vdn cho ngn nhdn BLGD la mdt nhttng giai phap ben virng nham giam thiiu nhttng hanh vi BLGD cd nguxcn nhan tu kinh te khd khan, khdng cd viec lam dn dinh Giai phap da duge quy djnh Luat 2007 va Nghj djnh sd 08/2009/ND-CP Bd Lao dpng Thuang binh \a Xa hpi la co quan chju trach nhiem thyc hien giai phap Nghiin cOu Con ngudf so 1(106) 2020 Hoat ddng can thiep ho tro Viec dao tao nghi thudng cdng ty tuyin dyng thyc hien, chinh quyin dia phuang ddng vai trd la ca quan trung gian ket ndi gitta ngudi lao ddng tren dja ban vdi doanh nghiep Hoat dpng vay vdn uu dai cho mdt sd cdng viec san xuat, kinh doanh da dupc dja phuong tao dieu kien cho ngudi dan Mdt sd ket qui khao sat cho thiy, viec gidi thieu viec lam chua dupc can bg dja phuang chii dgng vdi li tren dja ban khdng cd khu cdng nghiep ciing nhu nha may, xi nghiep Tai mdt sd dja phucmg, viec gidi thieu viec lam chu yeu la xae nhan hd so li lich de cdng dan tren dja ban cd du dieu kien xin viec lam d noi kbac (Tran Tuyet Anh, Nguyen Hiiu Minh, Hoa Huu Van, 2014; Tran Tuyet Anh va ddng nghiep, 2015; Bp van hda, Thi thao va Du ljch, 2018) Ve dia chi tin cdy a cong dong, hien da cd hang chuc nghin dia chi tin cay dupe lap tren ca nude va up giup dupc nhieu nan nhan bi bao luc Viec xay dyng dja chi tin cay d cdng ddng cd su gdp siic rat hieu qua ciia Hdi lien hiep Phy ntt Viet Nam, ben canh Bp Van hda The thao va Du lich Theo Nghj quyet ciia Dai hpi phu ntt toan qudc lan thu XI, cac co sd Hdi mudn duge xep loai xuat sic thi phai xay dyng duge it nhat 01 dia chi tin cay d cgng ddng nham tu van, giai quyet mau thuin BLGD, trp giup nan nhan bj BLGD, bj budn ban trd ve (Hpi Lien hiep Phy ntt Vigt Nam, 2013) Danh sach td chirc, ca nhan "dja chi tin cay" se duge thdng bao cdng khai giilp nan nhan manh dan tim den sy hd trg cua dia chi tin cay, ddng thdi thdng qua dd nang cao nhan thirc ciia cdng ddng dan cu boat ddng phdng, chdng BLGD Luat 2007 quy dinh, iiy ban nhan dan cap xa cd trach nhiem lap danh sach va cdng bd cac dja chi tin cay d cdng ddng; thyc hien viec hudng dan, td chirc tap huin ve phdng, chdng BLGD va bao ve dja chi tin cay d cdng ddng Uong hudng hpp cin thiit Uy ban Mat Uan To qudc Viet Nam xa, phudng, dii Uan va cac td chirc vien cd trach nhiem phdi hpp vdi uy ban nhan dan cimg cap vi?c tuyen truyen, van ddng, xay dyng cac dja chi tin cay d cdng ddng Tai dia ban nghien cim, cac dja chi tin cay dl nan nhan BLCJD cd the tam lanh bi BLGD la gia dinh can bp nhu nha cua cdng an vien, trudng thdn, bi thu chi bp, Tuy nhien trpng thyc tl, nan nhan thudng chay sang nha hang xom va duge hang xdm can thiep trudng hgp can thiet, sau dd mdi den chinh quyen, doan the can thiep Viec so cuu nan nhan bj BLGD thudng duge thyc Men tai nha hoac tai co sd y te xa/phudng nhung nhilu dja phuang chua co chi hd trp ve y te cho nan nhan ciing nhu cac che dp hd trg ve vat chit khae Ngoai ra, ddi vdi viec tap huan ve phdng, chdng BLGD eho dia chi tin cay d cdng ddng hay cd bien phap san sang bao ve dia chi tm cay can thiet cung chua duge thyc hien (Duwry, Nguyen Httu Minh va Patricia, 2013; Trin Tuylt Anh, Nguyin Htru Minh, Hoa Htru Van, 2014) Tra giup ngn nhdn BLGD tgi ca sa khdm, chiia benh la mdt nhttng boat dpng quan trpng hd trg nan nhan Bg Y tl la co quan chiu trach nhiem chii yeu ve Nghien cliu Con ngu& s61(106) 2020 Ngu\'en Huu Minh vd Trdn Till Hdn.i; van de Tren ca sd dd 22>9 2009 Bp Y te da ban hanh Thdng tu so 16 2009TT-BYT hudng dan viec tiep nhan cham sde y te va thdng ke, bao cao ddi vdi ngudi benh la nan nhan BLGD tai co sd kham, chtta b^nh tren toan qudc Cac boat ddng dac biet quan trpng ddi vdi viec bap vg, hd Up nan nhan BLGD Mpt nhirng khd khan hien ciia cdng tac phdng, chdng BLGD la vy \ iec BLGD khdng duge khai bao dac biet la nan nhan BLGD ngji ngin, khdng mudn chia se vin de ciia minh Tu boat ddng chtta Ui, tiep n h ^ nan nhan BLGD, kit hpp vdi cac boat dpng tac nghiep ehuyen mdn, cdn bp y te la dau mdi tiep nhan, nim bit thdng tin quan ttpng Nhtmg thdng tin ca nhan cua nan nhan BLGD vin cin duge bao mat theo quy djnh nhung vdi chiic ttach, kha nang cua minh, ngudi can bp y te cd the tu van, cung cap thdng tin de nan nhan BLGD tin tudng, chia se va tilp nhan su hd trg (Duwry, Nguyin Huu Minh va Patricia, 2013; Tran Tuylt Anh, Nguyin Httu Minh va Hoa Huu Van, 2014) Hd tri/ ngn nhdn BLGD ca sd bdo tra xa hoi bao gdm viec cham sde, tu vin tam li, bd tri noi tam lanh va hd ttp cac dieu kien can thiet khae cho nan nhan BLGD Bp Lao ddng, Thuang binh va Xa hdi la co quan quan li Nha nude chju trach nhiem ve ITnh vyc ttp giiip xa hdi De thyc hi$n cac giai phap trp giiip xa hpi, dd quan tam tdi nhdm nan nhan BLGD, Bg da hudng dan cac dja phucmg trien khai cac trung tam cdng tac xa hdi de tu van, trg giup cho cac ddi tugng xa hpi, ttong dd cd nan nhan cua BLGD Mpt ttong nhimg ddi tupng dl bj tdn thuong BLGD la tte era, vay, Bd Lao ddng, Thucmg binh va Xa hdi da nghien cim, xay dyng mpt sd md hinh nha tam lanh thi diem ttp giiip tre em dl bj tdn thuang, ttong dd cd tre em la nan nhan cua BLGD Cac md hinh trp giup tre em cd hoan canh dac biet khd khan, dd cd tte em bj bao lyc, xam hai cung dupc quan tam Bang trinh bay sd ngudi nhan dupc cac bien phap ho trg khoang nam gan day Sd lieu cho thay he thdng ca sd hd trg nan nhan va ngudi gay BLGD cang md rdng vdi sy gia tang ve sd lugng Tuy nhien, so lugng ngudi nhan dupc cac bien phap ho trg lai cd xu hudng giam din theo thdi gian Cu the, sd CO sd hd trg nan nhan bao lyc nam 2012 la 3.417, nam 2017 la 5.923 (tang giin gap ddi ve sd lugng) sd lugng nan nhan den ca sd giam tu 3.500 ngudi nam 2012 xudng 1.327 nam 2017 (giam 2,6 lan) Mdt nguyen nhan la sd nan nhan cd giam bdt Bang 2: So ngudi nhan dirge cac bien phap ho trg TT Chi tieu Don vj I Nam Nam Nam Nam Nam Nam tinh 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Cosd 13.927 9.895 9.816 9.503 9.400 9.459 Sd CO sd tu van Sd ngudi gay bao lyc Ngudi 17.415 14.696 11.760 10.977 7.058 5.906 duac tu van Nghiin cuu Con ngudi s61(106) 2020 Hoat dons can thiep ho tra Sd ngn nhan BLGD Ngudi dupc tu van Sd CO sd kham, chiia benh Casd Sd nan nhan den co sd Ngudi kham, chtta b?nh Sd ca sd baottpxa hpi Casd Sd ngn nhan den co sd Ngudi bao trp xa hpi Sd CO sd hd ttp nan nhan Cosd Sd nan nhan din ca sd Ngudi hd ttp nan nhdn BLGD Sd dja chi tin cay d Dia chi cpng ddng Sd nan nhan den dia Ngudi chi tin cay d cdng ddng 17.841 15.304 11.550 10.695 7.977 6.583 9.200 9.087 9.529 10.425 11.129 12.524 8.254 4.571 4.052 3.281 2.654 2.173 829 718 930 844 838 818 527 832 420 385 321 241 3.417 4.156 4.691 5.142 5.439 5.923 3.500 4.793 2.868 2.488 1.354 1.327 23.992 31.857 35.205 41.104 38.790 48.697 8.862 8.126 6.243 5.860 5.798 4.648 Nguon: Bg Vdn hoa, The thao vd Du lich, 2018, So lieu Ihong ke cua 62/63 linh, Ihdnh p 2.2 Banh gia cdc hogt dgng can thiep, hd trf vi phong, chdng bgo luc gia dinh Ket qua cac nghiSn cuu cho thay, nhin chung, ngudi dan danh gia cao cac boat ddng can thiep BLGD Ket qua Dieu tta nam 2013 ve BLGD Bp Van hda, Tbl thao va Du ljch cung Vien Nghien cuu Gia dinh va Gidi thyc hien cho biet cd 79% ngudi tta ldi (ttong tdng sd 400 ngudi dupc hdi) cho ring viec thuc hien bign phap ngan ch5n c4c vy BLGD la tdt, hieu qua Sd ngudi nhan djnh khdng hi$u qua la 4,5% Sd cdn lai danh gia hieu qua d miic trung binh hoac khd danh gia va khdng biet Danh gia ve bien phap can thiep dua nan nhan den nai tam lanh an toan, ket qua Dilu tra nam 2013 cho thiy, cd 52,5% ngudi dan danh gia bien phap dupc thyc hien hieu qua; Bien phap can thiep dua nan nhan den co sd y te cd 51,5% ngudi tra ldi danh gia thuc hien tdt, cd hieu qua (Tran Tuyet Anh, Nguyen Huu Minh va Hoa Httu Van, 2014) Tuy nhien, hoat ddng can thiep, hd ttp phdng, chdng BLGD d mdt sd dja phuong chua cd hieu qua cao, the hien d mdt sd khia canh sau Thur nhat, cac bien phap can thiep chua dupc thuc thi kjp thdi va toan dien Hoat dpng hda giai tap trung chu yeu ddi vdi bao luc ve the chat Thieu kien thttc ve BLGD, bao lyc dya tren co sd gidi ciia can bg nganh tu phap, y te va cac vien td hda giai la mdt nhung li lam cho cac td hda giai ca sd cd xu hudng khuyen phy nu nen chju nhjn va hda giai vdi chdng dl xay dung mdt "gia dinh hanh phuc" (Duwry, Nguyin Huu Minh va Patricia, 2013; Trin Tuyet Anh, Nguyin Huu Minh va Hoa Httu Van, 2014; Bd Van hda, Thi thao va Du ljch, 2018; DJng Thj Hoa, 2018) Ben canh dd, sy can thiep cua cdng an cdn bi ddng va cham NghiSn.cliu Con ngudi s61(106) 2020 Ngm-en Hint Minh vd Trdn Thi Hong Cdng an cd xu hudng chi ghi nhan cac hanh vi bao luc gay nhttng chin thucmg nghiem ttgng va cd die quan sal duge hay nhtrng hanh vi bao lyc gay mit an ninh trat ty Lyc lugng cdng an cting chua phan cdng can bp chuyen trach theo ddi .xii li cac hanh vi BLGD Cac hanh vi BLGD thudng bi xii li vl hanh vi gay rdi mat an ninh trat tu xa hgi hem la xu li ve hanh vi gay BLGD Bien phap phgt tien ddi vdi ngudi gay bgo lyc cdn chua cd y nghTa rSn de, giao dye Thu hai, viec trien khai quy djnh ve hogt dgng hd ttg nan nhan BLGD chua duge thyc hien ttiet de Cy the, Bd Van hda The thao va Du Ijch da ban hanh Thdng nr sd 02/20 lOnT-BVHTTDL 16/3/2010 quy djnh chi tilt vl thu tyc dang ki hoat dgng, giai the co sd hd ttp ngn nhan BLGD; ca sd tu vin ve phdng, chdng BLGD; tieu chuan ciia nhan vien tu van; cap the nhan vien tu van; chiing nhan nghiep vu cham sde, tu van va tap huan phdng, ehdng BLGD Thdng tu sd 02/20 lOnr-BVHTTDL duge sua ddi, bd sung Thdng tu sd 23/20 HHTBVHTTDL va dupc hpp nhit van ban sd 370/VBHN - BVHTTDL 02/02/2015 Cac dja phuong da td chuc trien khai Thdng tu, nhien den thdi diim hien tgi chua cd dja phuang nao lap duge co sd tu vin, ca sd hd ttp cho ngn nhan BLGD theo diing nhu quy djnh tgi Nghj dinh so 08/2009/ND-CP va Thdng tu sd 02/20 lOAT-BVHTTDL Li din Uidi diim hi?n tai chua lgp duge logi hinh hd ttg tren gdm: Thir nhdi, nam 2009, Bd Van hda The thao va Du ljch da khdi dgng dy an xay dyng co sd ho ttp nan nhan BLGD bing ngudn kinh phi ciia nha nude Song, dy an khdng the diuc hien khdng cd kinh phi dim bao Thir hai ve phia dja phucmg, den thdi diem nam 2018, tren toan qudc khdng cd co sd tu van va ca sd hd ttg nao duge lap, li vi khdng cd kinh phi dam bdo Thii ba, co sd tu van va co sd hd ttp nan nhan BLGD la loai hinh ttp giiip nan nhan BLGD, dupc phap lugt quy dinh hogt dpng vi muc dich phi lgi nhuan Diu tu cho CO sd vat chat cua co sd ldn nhan vien cua co sd phai dgt chuin vl chuyen mdn, nghiep vu Vi vgy, khdng diu hut duge cac td chuc, ca nhan ngoai cdng lap Uiam gia Uianh lap (Bg Van hda, Thi thao va Du lich, 2018) Cd nhieu nguyen nhan din den sy thieu hieu qua cdng tac can thiep va hd trg cho ngn nhan BLGD Cu the, viec phdi hgp hogt dpng d mdt sd dia phuang cdn chua tdt, ke hogch khdng cy the va khdng cd su phan cdng rd rang Cd nhihig noi coi boat ddng can thiep BLGD trach nhiem ehinh chi la cua hpi phy ntt ca sd hojc cua nganh cdng an Cach xu II hanh vi BLGD nua vdi, khdng triet de cua mpt sd ngudi cd trach nhigm d dja phuang lam cho ngudi dan giam Idng tin \ao sy can thiep tu phia cac co quan cdng quyen, Che dp dai ngp can bg cd trach nhi?m ttong vi^c giai quyet BLGD chua thda dang, nhieu ngudi lam viec chil yeu dua vao Idng nhiet tinh, khdng cd thu lao, cdng viec cung cd liic ngu\ hiem va rat nhgy cam (Duvxrx Nguyin Hiru Minh va Patricia, 2013IQ Nghien ciiu Con ngudi so 1(106) 2020 Hoat done can Ihiep hd tra Trin Tuylt Anh, Nguyin Huu Minh va Hoa Huu Van, 2014; Bd Van hda, Thi Uiao vaDu ljch 2018) VifC kiim tta, cap nhat tfidng tin cdn yeu Thdng ke ve BLGD chua trd mpt nhi$m vy d nhilu dja phucmg, gay khd khan cho viec xay dung chuong ttinh hanh dpng phdng, chdng BLGD d cae cap Viec tuan thu qua chat che cac ttinh tu can thiep da lam giam tinh kjp thdi xu li BLGD d mdt sd trudng hpp Dieu khien ntt nan nhSn khd cd the tiep can vdi chinh quyen va cdng an cho nen nhieu trudng hgp cac hanh vi bgo lyc khdng duge ngan chan kip thdi (Duwry, Nguyen Huu Minh va Pafricia, 2013; Tran Tuyet Anh, Nguyen Hiru Minh va Hoa Httu Van, 2014; Bp Van hda, Tbl thao va Du lich, 2018; Dang Thj Hoa, 2018) Kit qua la ngudi cd hanh vi BLGD khdng sp phap lugt, cac hanh vi BLGD tai dien nhieu lan, muc dp va tinh chat cila BLGD cang nghiem ttpng ban, ngn nhan ciia BLGD (chit yeu la ngudi vp va tre em) chua nhgn dupc sy hd ttg kjp thdi, phan ldn ngudi gay BLGD van chua bj xu li dung tdi theo quy djnh ciia phap luat Day la mot ttong nhimg thaeh thiic ddi vdi cdng tac phdng, chdng BLGD Mat khae, cac hogt ddng can thiep ITnh vyc phdng, chdng BLGD hien tap trung nhieu vao bgo luc gitta vp va chdng Viec phdng ngua, can thiep bao luc vdi tte em va ngudi cao tuoi cdn it dupc chu y den Nhieu phu ntt timg bi chdng gay bgo Iyc chua timg ndi vdi bat cu ve van de ma minh phai himg chiu cho tdi duge phdng van Cung cdn rat nhieu phu ntt bj bao lyc chua tim kiem sy hd ttg tu cac djch vu chinh thdng hoac tu nhimg ngudi cd Uiam quyen Neu hp cd Um kiem sy hd ttg thi cung la bgo luc da nghiem trgng va ngudi hp thudng tim den la lanh dgo dia phuang Sy ki thj, cac chuan myc xa hdi ve sy hda hgp gia dinh da tgo ap lyc khien cho ngudi phy nu phai nin nhjn va chap nhgn bgo lyc Mdt sd ngudi cao tudi bj bgo lyc khdng mudn ndi tinh frang ciia minh vi sp mat the dien, sg gia dinh minh bj hang xdm che cudi Nhung phan tich vl hieu qua hoat ddng cua cac bien phap can thiep cac md hinh phdng, chdng BLGD da va dang dupc trien khai d cdng ddng cho thay neu cd can thiep hieu qua hoac cd hd trp, phu ntt se tiet Id tinh trang bj bao lyc (Trin Tuylt Anh, Nguyin Httu Minh va Hoa Httu Van, 2014; Dang Thi Hoa, 2018) Dilu cho thiy tinh d p bach ciia viec pha vd sy im lang, nang cao nhan thuc cua ngudi dan ve BLGD Ben cgnh do, cac co sd phdng, chdng BLGD va hd ttg ngn nhan cdn thieu va chua dupc truyen thdng day dii den ngudi dan de hp biet va sir dung can Mot so van de can quan tam ve mat chfnh sach Tu cac phan tich neu tren, dudi day bai viet trinh bay ve mdt sd van de can quan tam ddi vdi hoat ddng can thiep, ho ttg vl phdng, chdng BLGD nham ngan ngua va phdng, chdng cac hanh vi BLGD cd hieu qua hon Nghien cdu Con ngudi so 1(106) 2020 Nguven Huu Minh vd Trdn Thj Hdng Thuc hien nguyen Idc coi trgng su an lodn cia ngn nhdn, dgc biet cdc nhdm de bi Idn Ihuang viec thuc hien Lugt Phdng, chdng BLGD Nguyen tic can luu y vao hai van dl Mdl Id, dat lgi ich va sy an toan ciia ngn nhan len tren het Cac quy dinh ve quy trinh, thd tyc phat hign, giai quyet BLGD can eoi trpng cac nhu cau va lgi ieh ciia nan nhan, tranh trudng hpp vi tuan thu cimg nhic cac quy trinh thu tyc ma bd qua khdng xtt Ii, ho^c xu H nua vdi, thieu triet de cac hanh vi BLGD Hgi Id, can quan tam din cdc nhdm phy ntt ngheo, lao dgng di cu, dan tdc thiiu so, Cac van ban hudng dan va can bp thyc hien can lam the nao de mpt ngudi phy ntt, cd the khdng biet chtt, khdng ndi duge tieng Kinh, cd the khdng phai la hdi vien cua doan the nao, hay khdng cd dang ki thudng tru/tam tru, cung cd the tiep can cac co quan lien quan mgt each dl dang, binh ding va dupc bao ve mdt each thieh dang cd yeu cau Thu thgp thdng tin sdu rgng ve BLGD nhdm ndng cao hieu biet ve bgo luc gia dink Viec khdng hiiu biet day du ve BLGD va cac yeu td tac dpng se dan den tinh trang khdng tbl cd bien phap ling phd Uiich hpp Dilu dac biet quan trpng bdi canh xa hdi Viet Nam dang ttai qua nhttng bien ddi sau sic tren nhieu mat, vdi nhttng tac dgng to ldn den mgi tang ldp va eac nhdm xa hgi, dd cd gia dinh Cho den cdn qua it nhung nghien cuu phan tich mpt each sau sic qua ttinh sinh va tri BLGD Vi vay can tang cudng cdng tac nghien ciiu nham cung cap nhirng co sd khoa hge cho cdng tac hoach dinh chinh sach va thiet ke cac boat dpng can thiep nham giam nan BLGD Cacthdng tiij, du ligu, ket qua nghien ciru ve BLGD can dupc thu thap djnh ki, duge xu li hg thdng va luu gitt, phd bien kjp thdi den cac tang ldp khae Ddi tugng can duge uu tien tiep can thdng tin la cac nha lam chinh sach va cdn bg thyc hien chinh sach d cac cap, dac biet la cap co sd Can bg hogch djnh va thyc thi chinh sach can quan tam han ntta ve cdng tac phdng, chdng BLGD, tranh viec coi BLGD la van de ndi bd, dd khdng cd cac bien phap can thiep tich cyc Loai thdng tin can dupe tap trung thu thap la miic dp biin, cac yiu td cd lien quan den BLGD, hieu qua cua cdng tac phdng, chdng BLGD, dac biet d mpt sd nhdm ddi tugng cd nguy ca cao Ngudi dan can biet each nhgn dang cac hanh vi BLGD, cae bipn phap phdng ngua, can thiep can thiet, nhirng noi cd the tim den de nhd cay, tu vin cd tinh hudng xay ciing nhu hieu duge quyen va trach nhipm cua minh gia dinh cung nhu ngoai xa hdi Dac biet can tuyen truyen sau rpng den cac ngn nhan bj BLGD, nang cao nhan thuc ve quyen, giam di nhttng e nggi cua hp, ddng thdi giiip hp hieu ring sy ean thiep diing luc, diing each cua ngudi ngoai la cin thiit Nghiin cdu Con ngudi s61(106) 2020 Hoat ddng can thiep, ho Ira dilu dd khdng lam tSng mau thuin gia dinh ma gdp phan gin gitt hgnh phuc cho chinh hp, nhd vgy hp se khdng dau giem tinh trgng bi bao lyc cua minh Ndng cao chdt lugng hogl dgng cua cdn bg vd cdc Id chuc, dodn the Tang cudmg trach nhiem cdng vu ddi vdi nhan vien chinh quyen va cac can bp doan tbl dl gdp phan ddi mdi cac boat ddng quan li cdng ddng, dd cd boat dpng phdng, chdng BLGD Tap huan nang cao kT nang, nghiep vy cho dpi ngu can bp lam cdng tac hda giai, tu van d co sd de hp cd du kien thuc can thiet ve luat phap, tam li, cd kinh nghiem cdng tac xa hdi, kT nSng tu van, tiep can nan nhan va am hieu thyc te dja phuang, tren ca sd dd cd dupc nhung giai phap htru ich cho nhttng ngudi can trp giup Ket hpp tuyen truyen nang cao nhgn thuc ve gidi va binh dang gidi cho can bg ca sd cung la mdt hogt ddng cd tac dyng nang cao kT nang ngan ngtta va chdng Igi cac hanh vi bao lyc Dya tren kinh nghiem va higu qua eua cdng tac hda giai va tu van d ca sd, nen huy dgng can bp phu ntt, can bd van hda, xa hdi va y te lam ndng cdt cdng tac Thyc te cho thay, can bg phu ntt cd vai trd cao viec can thigp, hda giai va giup dd ngn nhan d cac dia phuang Mat kbac, ngn nhan bj bgo hanh dupc phat hipn, can thiep va giiip dd thudng can duge cham sde ve y te va tu van tSm li Vi vay, cac can bd phu ntt, y te tham gia sang lpc, phat hien, dieu trj va tu van, hd trg nan nhan, semanglgihieuquacao Tdng cudng cdc bien phdp can thiep Trudc het la nhtrng can thiep kjp thdi ddi vdi nhtmg ngn nhan bj bgo hanh the chit: each li, chtta trj thuong tich (neu cd), tu van tam li, phap lugt Neu ngn nhan d ttong hoan canh khd khan, d n dupe hd trp thich hpp Uieo kha nang thuc te ciia mdi dja phuang: khd khan ve viec lam, vdn san xuat, nudi dgy cai, Can thi diem md rdng co sd y te phudng, xa mgt trung tam hd trp nan nhan bi bgo lyc, d dd cd the la noi tru tgm thdi cho nan nhan, cung la noi cd the chtta trj ve y te va tu van cho hg thdi gian dia phuang thuc hien cac bien phap can thiep triet de va lau dai ban Cdi tien trmh tie vd che tdi can thiep cdc hdnh vi BLCD Trong mdt sd trudng hgp d p bach, cac cap cd tham quyen can linh boat ap dung trinh tu can thiep de giai thoat nan nhan Ddi vdi che tai can thiep, hien muc dp xu phat tuong ung vdi cac hanh vi BLGD cdn chua duge quy dinh cu tbl, vi vgy can bg d dja phuong rit lung tilng xu li Dieu khd khan la yiu td tinb cam, huylt thdng thudng lam md di "thang tdi" hoac bat ldi ngudi gay Chinh day ciing la diim khd cu tbl hda che tai dieu chinh hanh vi cua Lugt phdng, chdng BLGD va d n duge xem xet cu thi ttong cac Nghi djnh hudng din Uii hanh Luat Phdng, chdng BLGD cua Chinh phu sap tdi Nghiin ciiu Con ngudi sd 1(106) 2020 13 y^uyen HCru Minh va Triin Thj Hon^ Tai lieu tham khao Nguyen Van Anh 2005 "Su dung nghe thu^t v i ^ xay di^g cau lac b$ nan nhan bao hanh gicri" Bao cao tai Hgi thao Bgo luc gia dinh: Kinh nghi?"' va gidi phdp Ha Noi Tran Tuyet Anh (chii bien), Nguyen Huu Minh, Pham Quoc Nhat, TrSn Thj Hong, Lo Viet Phuang, Ha Thi Minh Khuong 2015 Hogt dqng phong, chdng bgo lire gia dinh a Viet Nam hi$n Nxb Khoa hpc xS hpi Tran Tuyet Anh, Nguyen Huu Minh, Hoa HiJu Van (dong chii bi«i va viet cac chuong) 2013 In xong va phat hanh 2014 Bgo lire gia dtnh a Viet Nam va gidi phdp phdng, chdng (Phan tich so li^u dieu tra ndm 2012) Nxb Lao dpng Ha Npi Bp Van hoa, Th^ thao va Du Iich 2018 "Bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien chinh sach, phap luat v^ phong, ch6ng bao lire gia dinh giai doan 2008 - 2017" Nguyen Thi Hoai Due 2001 Domestic violence against women and attitudes, practices of health workers: case studies in Hanoi and Ninhbinh provinces RaFH/New Zealand Embassy Hanoi, March 2001 Duwry, Nata; Nguyen Hiru Minh va Patricia Carney 2013 "LTac tinh thi?t h^i kinh te bao lyc d6i vcri phu nir tai Viet Nam" {tieng Vi?t va tieng Anh) Lien hgp quoc tai Viet Nam Dang Thj Hoa 2018 "Anh huong cua cac yeu to moi trucmg x5 hpi vk kinh te den BLGD hien nay" Bao cao de tai cap Bp thupc Chuong trinh Nghien cuu, ddnh gid tong the ve gia dinh thdi ki cdng nghiep hda, hi^n dgi hda ddt nude vd hgi nhgp quoe te Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam Hpi Lien hiep phu nu Viet Nam 2005 Bdo cdo cua cdc td ehue phi chinhphu ve 10 ndm ihirc hien euang ITnh hdnh dong Bac Kinh tgi Viet Nam vi binh ddng, phdt trien vd hoa hinh Hgi Lien hiep Phu nu Viet Nam Huong dan tuyen truyen, van dgng xay d\mg mo hinh "dia chi tin cay" cgng d6ng, s6 02/HD-DCT-GDXH, 21/1/2013 10 Le Thi Phucmg Mai, Le Nggc Lan, Nguyen Thi Thcmi, Pham Le Tuan 2005 Ket qud nghien euu trudc vd sau can thiep tai mgt sd ca sd y te vd cgng ddng Population Council, Ha Npi 11 Nguyen Hiiu Minh va Le Nggc Lan 2007 "Bao luc gia dinh doi vai phy nO Viet Nam va cac yeu to tac dpng" {tong quan qua mpt so nghien cuu g3n day) Tap chi Khoa hge xd hgi, so (104) Nghien cOu Con ngwdi s^1(106) 2020 ... ho trgf ve phong, chong bao lyc gia dinh a Viet Nam nhirng nam qua 2.1 Tinh hinh Irien khai cdc hogt dong can Ihiep, ho tra ve phong, chong bgo luc gia dinh Viet Nam Khoang tir n5m 2001, Uucrc... 3.417, nam 2017 la 5.923 (tang giin gap ddi ve sd lugng) sd lugng nan nhan den ca sd giam tu 3.500 ngudi nam 2012 xudng 1.327 nam 2017 (giam 2,6 lan) Mdt nguyen nhan la sd nan nhan cd giam bdt... nhan cd giam bdt Bang 2: So ngudi nhan dirge cac bien phap ho trg TT Chi tieu Don vj I Nam Nam Nam Nam Nam Nam tinh 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Cosd 13.927 9.895 9.816 9.503 9.400 9.459 Sd CO