TAP CHi CONG THlMNt TQI GIET HOAC VlfT BO CON M61 DE THEO QUY DINH CUA BQ LUAT HINH SU 2015 t TRAN XUAN DUNG TAT: Bai viet phan tich cdc yeu to' cau cua toi giet hoac viJt bo mdi de theo quy dinh cua Bo luat Hinh sU 2015 Ti^ chi nhifng bat cap quy dinh cua dieu luSt va nhffng vu'dng m^c thifc tiln xet xu" loai toi nay, dong thdi de cac giai phap khac phuc Ttf khoa: Giet, vut bo, mdi de, Bg luat Hinh sif T6M tudng lac hdu hoac hoan canh khach quan ddc biet md giet minh de irong 07 mdi thi bi phat lit tif 06 thdng de'n 03 nam NgUdi me nao dnh hudng nang ne cHa lU tudng lac hau hoac hodn canh khdch quan ddc biet ma vvft bo minh de 07 ludi ddn den hau qua dvla ire chet, thi bi phat cdi tao khdng giam giU den 02 nam hoac bi phat (u tU 03 thdng den 02 nam" 2.1 Khdch the cua tQiphgm Tdi giet hoac viJt bd mdi de xam pham tdi mot nhifng khach the quan trpng bac nhat difdc phap luat Hinh su' bao \ e la quyen sd'ng ciia ngifdi Ngoai ra, tpi pham cdn xam pham nghiem dao diJc xa hpi, la tinh "mlu tit" xam pham Cong u'dc qud'c te ve quyen tre em ma Viet Nam da phe chuan tham gia Tai Dieu Cdng Ifdc qud'c te ve quyIn dan s\t va chinh tn ciia ngifdi nam 1966 ghi nhan: "Moi ngifdi deu co quyen co hiTu la difdc song Quyen na^ phai difdc C&'u tOi pham cua t^i gi^'t ho$c vi^ phap luat bao ve Khdng cd the bi tifdc doat bo mdi de mang song mot each tien." Tre em la dd'i tifdng Dieu 124 BLHS 201.^ quy dmh \e Toi giet hoac can phai difdc bao ve va cham sdc dac biet'va vdi bd mdi de: quyen ire em khdng chi difdc quv dinh phSp "/, NgUdi me nao dnh hifdng nang nc c lia tif luat quoc gia ma ca phap luat qud'c te' l.D^tvSndd Con cdi difdc xem nhif chat ket dinh tinh cam cua mdi gia dinh M6i tr^ em sinh khdng chi difdc hif6ng nhO'ng tinh cam dSc biet tit phia bd', me, cac v6n gia dinh ma du'dc ph^p luat b3o ve va ghi nhan nhifng quyen rieng biet danh cho tre em Tuy nhien khong phai ta't ca nhffng em be sinh deu difdc sd'ng vdng tay y6u thifdng cua bd' me van nhiTng tnfdng hdp Snh hifdng cua Iif tu'dng lac hau hoac nhifng hoan canh khach quan khac ma ngu'di me lai cd hanh vi "vu't bd" hoac "giet" chinh du"a cua minh sinh Tdi giet hoac vift bo mdi de difdc quy dinh Bd luat Hinh sif 2015 (BLHS 2015) nham muc dich bao ve qu>en ciia tre em dd'i vdi chinh ngifdi me cua minh Tuy nhien tren thi/c te van cdn nhifng vifdng mac, bat cap ap dung dieu luat Bai viet difdi da> se phan tich quy dinh cua phap luat ve loai tdi nay, chi nhifng bat cap va hifdng hoan thien 26 So 17-Thdng 7/2020 LUAT Tai Biiu cua Cdng ifdc Lidn Hdp qud'c ve quyen tre em quy dinh: "Cac qud'c gia vien thi^fa nhan rang mpi tre em deu cd quyen vdn cd la difdc sd'ng" va "cac qud'c gia vien phai bao dam din mifc td'i da cd the difdc si^ sd'ng va phat trien cua tre em" Viet Nam, van de quyen tre em difdc quy dinh mdt dao luat rieng la Luat Tre em nam 2016 Nhif vay, dii la phap luat qud'c te hay phap luSt qud'c gia, van de ve bao ve quyen tr^ em ludn du'dc cac nha lap phdp quan tam, dat len hang dau 2.2 Mqt khdch quan cua tgi pham Tdi gie't hoac viJf bo mdi de cd cS'u tpi pham vat cha't Hanh vi giet eon mdi de du'dc the hien difdi dang khdng hanh ddng pham tpi, the hien bang cac hanh vi nhif bop cd, danh, tha ttf tren xud'ng, dim xud'ng nu'dc, Mat khac, cac hanh vi cdn bieu hien du'di dang khdng hanh ddng nhif ngifdi me ciia difa tre khdng cho minh bu sifa vi nguyen nh^n nao dd; diJa be d'm ma khdng cho dtfa be ud'ng thud'c dan de'n difa ire chet Hanh vi vu't bd mdi de dan den hau qua difa tre chd't difdc bieu hien du'di dang hanh ddng nhif vu't bd minh d mot ndi nao nhtf ngoai nghia trang, cdng trifdng hpc, cdng benh vien, cdng nha thd, nha chua, Day la trifdng hdp ngifdi me cd thai dp khong mong mud'n diJa tre chet nhu'ng de mac cho hau qua xay ra' O dang hanh vi nay, tpi giet hoac vift bd mdi de bat budc phai cd hau qua xay ta difa tre bi che't, ed the vi nhiTng nguyen nhan khac nhu" bi doi, ret hoac trijngcan, Ve hau qua thiet hai, tdi giet hoac vi?t bd mdi de la tdi pham cd cS'u vat chS't nen viec xac dinh hau qua cua tdi pham cd y nghTa rat quan trpng ddi vdi viec dinh tdi Theo do, neu chi cd hanh vi ma hau qua cua hanh vi chifa xay thi cd nghia la miJc dp nguy hid'm cua hanh vi dd chifa cao Khi hau qua xay la dt?a tre chet thi difdc coi la tpi pham hoan Trifdng hdp cdn lai, neu ngu'di me chi co hanh vi giet nhu'ng h3u qua chet ngifdi chUa xay thi difde coi la pham tdi chi/a dat Dd'i vdi hanh vi vu't bd mdi de dSn de'n difa tre che't thi bat bupc phai cd hSu qua la diJa tre che't thi mdi cau tdi pham, trifdng hdp ngifdi me chi cd hanh vi vift bd diJa tre nhifng dita tre khdng chet thi hanh vi khong cau tpi pham 2.3 Chu the cua tgipham Tdi giet hoac vitt bd mdi de la tpi pham cd chu the dac biet Chu the cua tdi pham ngoai viec thoa man cdc da'u hieu ehung la phai cd nang li/c trach nhiem hinh sif va dat dd tudi chiu trach nhiem hinh sif theo quy dinh cua phap luat thi cin phai cd nhu'ng da'u hieu dac biet khac theo quy dinh cua dieu luat Dieu 124 BLHS 2015 da diing thuat ngi? la "ngu'di me nao" Nhif vay, cd th6' tha'y ngoai ngu'di me cua nan nhan ra, khdng cd the la chu the cua tpi pham n^y, mSc du thifc teed the cd nhifng ngu'di cha ciing cd hanh vi gie't hoac vu't bd mdi de dan de'n dtJa tre che't nhu'ng ngifdi cha lai khdng du'dc coi la chu the eua cua tpi gie't hoac vu't bd mdi de Cd nhiing tru'dng hdp ngifdi me hi che't sau de, ngifdi cha lai la ngu'di dan toe thieu sd' d vilng sau, vung xa, hoan canh khd khan khdng cd kha nang nudi nen da be^ cua minh vao rCfng de hy vong cd di rifng mang ve nudi, nhifng ke't qua la difa be khdng cd mang ve nudi dan de'n diJa tre che't Trong tru'dng hdp nay, neu khdng truy ciJu trach nhiem hinh sif ngifdi cha vdi tpi gie't ngifdi, ma la gie't ngifdi du'di 16 tudi theo khoan Dieu 123 se la khdng phii hdp vdi thifc te' cudc sd'ng- Ngay ca dd'i vdi ngu'di me cung chi bj coi la chu the cua tdi ngu'di me bi anh hifdng nang ne cua tif tifdng lac hau hoac hoan canh khach quan dac biet ma budc phai gie't hoac vu't bd minh de Neu vi ly khac ma gie't minh vifa de thi khdng thudc tru'dng hdp pham tpi nay, 2.4 Mat chu quan cua tgi phgm Tdi gie't hoac vift bd mdi de difdc thifc hien vdi ldi ed' y, va difde bieu hien difdi hai hinh thu'c la ldi co'y trifc tiep va ldi cd'y gian tiep Hien dang cd nhu'ng quan diem trai chieu dd'i vdi viec xac dinh hinh thdc ldi dd'i vdi tpi vu't bd mdi de Cd quan diem eho rang Idi cua chu the dd'i vdi tdi viJt bd mdi de cd the la mdt hai hinh thiTc ldi neu tren Ngifdc lai, mot sd' quan diem khac lai cho rang ldi cua chu the d tpi vu't bd mdi de chi cd the la ldi co y gian tiep So 17-Thang 7/2020 27 LUAT mdi de Neu nhif trifdng hdp truy ciJu ngu'di bd' vdi tdi gid't ngu'di, ma lai la gid't ngifdi du'di 16 tudi thi se khong phii hdp Do vay, theo tac gia, nen bo sung chu the la ngifdi me hoac ngu'di cha cua difa tre r/ii? ba, ve da'u hieu "anh hifdng nang ne cda tif lu'dng lac halu phong kid'n" va da'u hieu "hoan canh khach quan dac biet", day la hai yeu td' lam nen dac trUng cua ngifdi me - chu the ciia tpi giet hoac vift bd mdi de Ve va'n de n^y, Nghi quye't s6'04/1986/HDTP 29/11/1986 cua Hpi dong Tham phan Tda annhandanTo'icaocd quy dinh nhif sau: "Chu the ciia tpi pham chi la ngu'di me sinh difa tre Ngifdi me chiu anh hu'dng nang ne cua tUlu'dng lac hau (nhif: khie'psd tnfdc dif luan ehe bai ve viee mang thai va de ngoai gia thii, hoae trade du' Ian khac nghifit cua nha chdng cho de gai la tai hpa v.v )" Theo dd, Nghi quye't khdng hifdng din cu the va chi tie't th6' n^o la chiu anh hifdng nang ne ciia t\i tifdng lac hau, ma chi neu nhiJng vf du bang each liet ke hai tru'dng hdp la khie'p sd trtfdc du' luan che bai ve viec mang thai va de ngoai gia thu, hoac trifdc du" luSn khac nghiet cua nha chdng cho de gai la tai hpa Ngoai ra, nhifng trifdng hdp khac ciing cd the coi la chiu anh hifdng nang ne cua tif tu'dng lac hau Viee hu'dng dan nhu' vSy dan de'n each hidu khdng thd'ng nhat giffa cac cd quan ap dung phap luat Cho de'n thdi diem hidn tai day la van ban nhat ap dung tru'dng hdp Dd'i vdi trifdng hdp hoan canh khdch quan, Nghi quyet 04/1986/HDTP eung cd hifdng d§n "bj hoan canh khac quan dac bi^t chi phd'i (nhu': diJa tre sinh cd di dang )" Day vln la hu'dng din ehung ehung, chUa cu the ndn ra't khd ap dung thd'ng nha't De ap dung thd'ng nha't, nen cd van ban hifdng dSn ap dung chi tiet hai yeu to' ca'u tpi giet hoac vu't bo mdi de Tif tifdng lac hau la tif tifdng san sinh xa hpi cu, cdn tdn tai xa hdi mdi, dong thdi ta nhifng tif lu'dng phan lien bp sinh qua trinh xay difng xa hdi mdi^ Anh hifdng nang ne cua tif lifdng lac hau la chiu anh hifdng eye ki Idn, lieu cifc tif nhifng tu' tifdng cu da ldi thdi, khdng cdn phu hdp vdi quan niem ve cudc sd'ng, 16'i sd'ng hi6n tai Hay ndi each khac, nhifng tif tifdng, nhifng quan niem sd'ng da khong cdn phii hdp vdi xa hpi difdng thdi Cd the vi du nhu'tru'dng hdp ngu'di phu nif cd thai tnfdc thdi diem ket hdn la chuyen td'i ky, bi dif luan xa hpi cu ph6 phan va ten an Tuy nhien, xa hpi nay, viec cd tru'dc hdn nhan da difdc xa hpi cd cai nhin khac va khdng mang nang tif tifdng len an phe phan nhif trifdc nifa Viec ngu'di phu nif khdng chdng ma cd tnfdc day cung la chuyen td'i ky Tuy nhi6n nay, va'n de dd da du'dc phap luat thifa nhan va bao hp nen ngu'di phu nu" khdng hi len an nang ne, chi irieh nhif trifdc day nifa Tuy vay,d nhifng vung que tif lu'dng "trpng nam khinh nij", "phep vua thua le lang" van chi phd'i de'n tam sinh ly ngu'di pham tdi dd can phai hifdng dan trifdng hdp ngu'di phu nif phai cd nhiing bieu hien cu the nhif tram ua't, lo lang, sd hai vi nhCfng tif lu'dng lac hau Dd'i vdi trifdng hdp ma nguyen vi hoan canh khach quan dac biet thi can cd nhiing dinh nghia, hu'dng dan cu the hdn hoan canh khach quan dac biet la gi Vi du trifdng hdp Hoan canh khach quan dac biet nhuf ngifdi phu nil de eon bi di tat qua nang hoac tinh trang mot than mot minh, qua ngheo ddi khong dii tien de nudi sd'ng chinh minh, dang bi benh tat ^ • TAI LI(:U TRICH DAN: ' Cao Thi Canh - L6 Dang Doanh (Dong chu bien), Binh luan khoa hoc Bd luat Hinh sU 2015, NXB Hong Difc nam 20l7.tr 223 -Dinh van Que, "Binh luan khoa hpc Ba luat Hinh si(20l5" NXB Thong tin va Tru> en thong ' Nguyen Ngoc Hda (chiJ bien), "B'mh ludn kiwa hoc Bo luat hinh su 2015 (phan cac igi pham)" NXB Tif phap, 2018.tr 74 So 17-Thdng 7/2020 29 TAP CHi CONG THtfMG •• Nguyen Ngoc Hoa (chu bien), -Binh luan khoa hoc Bo luat hinh six 2015 {phan cac ldi pham)" NXB Tir phap 2018 ir 74 ^•^ Tan Trucfng (2020), Ngifdi me nhin tam bo viira smh d ho gas difdi nang nong doi dien ban an nSo^ https://baomot.com/nguoi-me-nhan-tam-bo-con~vua'Sinh-o-ho-gas-duoi-nangiiong-doi-dien'ban-an-nao/c/ 3534ll6S.epi 'Khac phuc tif tifdng lac hau ngifdi Viet Nam hien Tap chi Cong sdnof\\ine • Tieu Dao (2018), Tim hieu npi dung Dieu 124 BLHS nam 2015 ve "Toi giet hoac viit bo mdi de", https://conganquanghinh.gov vn/tim-hieu-tioi-dung-dieu-124-blhs-nam-2015-ve-toi-giet-hoac-yut-bo-con-m TAI L i e u THAM KHAO: Quoc hoi (2017), Bo luat Hinh sit 2015 (sijfa dot, bo sung 2017) Toa 3n nhan dan toi cao (1986), Nghi quyet soOtHDTPTANDTC/NQ 29/11/1986 ciia HDTP TANDTC v huing dan dp dung mot so quy dinh phan cic toi pham cda BLHS Dai hoi dong Lien hiep quoc (1966) Cong udc quoc leve quyen dan sit va chinh tri ngudi 1966 Ngay nhan bai: 15/6/2020 Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va su'a chiJa: 26/6/2020 Ngay cha'p nhin dSng bai: 5/7/2020 Thong tin tac gia: TRAN XUAN DUNG Tong cue Chinh tri Quan d^i nhan dan Vi$t Nam THE CRIME OF MURDERING OR ABANDONING NEWBORNS UNDER THE 2015 CRIMINAL CODE • TI?AN XUAN DUNG General Political Department, the People's Army of Vietnam ABSTRACT: Abstract: Thi.s article analyzes the constituents of the crime of murdering or abandonine a newborn under the proiisions of the 2015 Criminal Code This aiticle points out so inadequacies of the law and the obstacles to practice when judging diis kind of cri proposes solutions Keyword: Murdering, abandoning, newborn Criminal Code 30 So 17-Thang 7/2020 ... dat dd tudi chiu trach nhiem hinh sif theo quy dinh cua phap luat thi cin phai cd nhu'ng da'u hieu dac biet khac theo quy dinh cua dieu luat Dieu 124 BLHS 2015 da diing thuat ngi? la "ngu'di me... npi dung Dieu 124 BLHS nam 2015 ve "Toi giet hoac viit bo mdi de", https://conganquanghinh.gov vn/tim-hieu-tioi-dung-dieu-124-blhs-nam -2015- ve-toi-giet-hoac-yut-bo -con- m TAI L i e u THAM KHAO:...LUAT Tai Biiu cua Cdng ifdc Lidn Hdp qud'c ve quyen tre em quy dinh: "Cac qud'c gia vien thi^fa nhan rang mpi tre em deu cd quyen vdn cd la difdc sd'ng" va "cac qud'c gia vien phai