THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT THdl DIEM THI/C HIEN QUYEN YEU CAU PHAN TO CUA Bj DON THEO QUY DINH CUA PHAP LUAT TO TUNG DAN SIT VIET NAM Nguyen Ngpc Son Cong ty Luat TNHH MTV E&V Thong tin bai viet: Til khoa: Quyen yeu cau phan to, bi don, Bp luat To tyng dan su Lich su bdi viet: 29/5/2020 Nh^n bai 12/6/2020 Bien tap 19/6/2020 Duypt bai Article Infomatio n: Counterclaim Key words: defendants Civil Procedure Code Article History: Received 29 May 2020 12 Jun 2020 Edited 19 Jun 2020 Approved T6m tat: Quyen yeu cau phan to la mpt quyen dac trung ciia bj don vy an dan su Viec xac dinh thai diem dua yeu cau phan to cua bi don khong chi dam bao quyln Ipi cho chinh hi don ma dam bao quyen Ipi cho cac duong sy khSc, t^io dieu kien thu^in Ipi cho ca quan hen hanh tl tung qua trinh giai quyet vy an Trong pham yi bai viet nay, tic gia phan tich nhiing npi dung lien quan den thai diem dua yeu cau phan to cila bi don, qua neu mpt so ban che, bat c^p qua trinh ap dyng phap luat va dua cac kien nghi hoan thi?n phap luat ve van de Abstract: The nght to request a counterclaim is a specific right of the defendant in a civil case The determination of the time to make a counterclaim of the defendant not only guarantees the mterests of the defendant but also the rights of the other involved parties, creating favorable conditions for the procedure-conducting agencies in process of the civil case resolution itself This article is focused on analysis of the contents related to the time of making the counterclaim of the defendant, thereby pointing out some limitations and shortcomings in the process of applying laws and also proposed recoromendaUons for further improvements in the related laws Quy djnh cua phap luat to tung dan sir ve thdi dilm thyc hi§n quyen yeu can phan to cua bi don Viec xac dinh thdi diem thyc hien quyen yeu cdu phdn t6 cd y nghia dac bipt quan trpng doi vdi cdc duong sy vd co quan tien hdnh t6 tyng qua trinh gidi quyet vy dn dan sy Trudc ddy, Bp ludt Td tung ddn sy (TTDS) nam 2004 khong eo quy dinh vl thdi diem dua yeu cdu phdn t6 cua bi dcm nen dd xuat hien nhieu y kien khde ve thdi han hi dan dua yeu cdu phdn t6, t^i thdi diem co ba quan diem nhu sau: Quan diem thu nhdt cho rdng, thdi diem dua yeu cau phdn td chi Uong khodng thdi ban bi don phdi nop cho Toa an vdn ban ghi y kien ciia minh ddi vdi yen cdu cua ngudi khdi kipn' Pham Thi Thiiy (2017), Quy^n cua bi danffongt6 tyng dan sy, Lu|n van Th^c sT \\^X hpc, Dai hpc Luat Tp Hd" Chi Minh, tr.31 OlNGHliNCUU / ^ LAPPHAP 'S614(414)-T7/2020 THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT Theo do, cung vdi vi^c phdi npp cho Tda an van ban ghi y kiln cua muih ddi vdi yeu cau ciia ngudi khdi ki$n thi bi don cd quyln yeu cdu phdn tl dii vdi nguyen donl Ben canh dd, Bp luat TTDS nam 2004 cdn quy dinh ngudi duoctiidngbao phdi npp cho Tda an van ban ghi y kiln cua minh ddi vdi yeu cdu eua ngudi khdi kien va tdi lipu, chiing cii kem theo, neu cd thdi ban mudi lam ke tur ngdy nhdn dupe thdng bao Trong trudng hpp can gia han thi ngudi dupe thdng bdo phdi CO don xin gia han giii cho Tda dn neu rd ly do; neu vipc xin gia h^n la ed can cir thi Toa an phdi gia b ^ , nhung khdng qua mudi lam ngay^ Nhu vay, theo quy dinh trSn thi hodn todn cd thi hieu rdng hi don co quyln dua yeu cdu phdn to thdi ban mudi lam ngdy, ke tir ngdy nhdn dupe thdng bao cua Tda dn Trong trudng hpp gia han thi thdi gian dupe gia han Id kh6ng qud mudi lam ngdy Tdm lai, thdi ban tii da dl bj don phdi dua ySu ciu phdn t6 la ba muoi ngdy ke tir ngdy nhdn dupe th6ng bdo cua Toa dn Quan diem thie hai cho rdng, bi don cd thi dua yeu c4u phdn t6 su6t qud trinh giai quylt vy dn"* "Quan dilm ndy dya tren co sd quyln ty dinh do^t ciia duong sy qua trinh gidi quylt vy dn"^ Nhu vgy, bi don ed quyln dua yeu cdu phdn td cd phien tda x6t xii so thdm Tuy nhien, quan diem tren tao nen bat cap qud trinh gidi quyet vy dn Bdi le, neu hi dan dua yeu cau phdn to sau thdi diem Tda an quyet dinh dua vu dn xet xir thi Tda an budc phdi tam hoan phien tda va tien hdnh lai cac thii tyc cdn thilt nhu giao nop chiing cu, thu thdp chung cir, cdng bd chiing eii, hda gidi, ddn den vu an se bi keo dai thdi ban gidi quyet, gay khd khan cho CO quan tien hdnh td tyng Ben canh dd, quyen cua cdc duong sy khde se khdng dupe ddm bdo neu thdi ban cua yen cdu phdn t6 dupe hieu nhu tren Hp se khdng chudn bi kip tai lieu, ehumg cir de chdng lai yeu cdu phdn td cua bi dan Quan diim thie ba cho rdng, hi don c6 quyen dua yeu cau phdn td giai doan Toa an chudn bi xet xii so thdm cho den trudc Tda dn quyet dinh dua vy an xet xu so tham^ Quan diem ndy duac chap nhdn rdng rai ban vi no phu hpp vdi eac nguyen tdc co ban cua Bd ludt TTDS, hdi hoa quyen vd Ipi ich giiia nguyen don, bi don c6 yeu cdu phdn td vd ngudi cd quyen Ipi, ngbia vy lien quan (NCQLNVLQ) ed yeu cdu dpc lap Trudc nhung quan diem trdi chieu neu yen, Bp luat TTDS nam 2004 da duoc sua ddi, bl sung nam 2011, da quy dinh rd ve thdi dilm bi dan dua yeu cdu phdn t6, cy thi: "Bi don co quyin dua yiu cdu phdn to truac Toa dn quyit dinh dua vu dn xet xix sa thdm '^ Mae dii da ed nhiing siia d6i, b6 sung hodn thien quy dinh ve yeu cdu phdn t6 ciia bi don nhung qua thyc tien ap dung Bp ludt Khoan Dilu 176 Bp lu^t TTDS nam 2004 Khoan I Dilu 175 Bplu^t TTDS nam 2004 Nguyin Minh Hiing, Ha Van Nau (2010), Yeu cSu phan t6 va thai diem thuc hien yeu cau phan t6 tii quy djnh ciia Bp \\x%X T6 tyng dan sy, T?p chi Nghi luat, sl 01, U.44 - Nguyen Van Cuimg, Tran Anh Tu^, D^ing Thanh Hoa (Chu bien) va cac tac gia khac (2012), Binh luan khoa hpc Bp luat To tyng dan sy siia dii, Nxb Lao dpng - Xa hpi Ha Npi, tr 100 Nguyen Van Cudng, Trln Anh Tuin, D|ing Thanh Hoa (Chu bien) va cac tac gia khac (2012), Binh luan khoa hpc Bp lu^t To tyng dan s\r siia dii, Nxb Lao dpng - Xa hpi Ha Npi, tr.IOO Khoan Dilu 176 Bp lu^t TTDS nam 2004 da dupe sira doi, bl sung nam 201 i , NGHllN CUU AQ S6 14 (414) - T / 2 ^ L A P P H A P ^ * ' THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT TTDS nam 2004 da dupe sua dii, bl sung 2011 ciing da ddn bpc Id nhiing han che nhat dinh Dien hinh Id bi dan cdn cir vdo quy dinh tren de el tinh keo ddi qua trinh gidi quyet vu an bdng cdch dua yeu cau phan tl trudc Toa dn quyet dinh dua vu an xet xir Dieu dnh hudng den thdi gian gidi quyet vy dn nhu thdi gian hda gidi, thdi giantiiuthdp chiing cii vd gdy kho khan cho cdc duong sy khde vipc phdn ddi yeu cdu phdn td eua bi don De khde phyc bdt cap tren, Bp ludt TTDS nam 2015 da thay dii vl thdi dilm dua yeu cdu phan tl ciia bi dan Cy the, bi don co quySn dua yeu cdu phdn td trudc thdi diem md phien hpp kiem tra viec giao nop, tiep can, cdng khai chung cii vd hda gidi^ De hieu ro hon, chiing ta cd the tham khdo phap luat mpt s6 qu6e gia vd vimg lanh th6 tren tiie gidi cd nhung quy dinh ve thdi di^m bi don dua yeu cdu phdn t6, cy the: Ludt TTDS Vuong qu6e Anh quy dinh: Bi dan c6 thi dua yen cdu phdn to dii vdi nguyen dan - (a) ma kh6ng cd sy cho phep ciia Tda an neu bi don nop don bdo vp; ho^c Id (b) bit cii liic ndo vdi sy cho phep ciia Toa dn' Lu^t TTDS Nhat Bdn quy djnh: Bi don cd till npp don phdn td len Tda an, nai md cd yeu cku chinh dang chd xii ly cho den tranh lugn bang mipng co ket luan, nhung chi dii tupng cua yeu cdu phan to lien quan den yeu cku chinh hoac lien quan den bdi bien hp'*", Lu|it TTDS Lien bang Hoa Ky quy dinh: Trir mpt thdi dilm khde dupe quy dinh bdi Ludt ndy hoac Quy che lien bang, thdi gian de dua phdn td phdi dap ling nhu sau: (A) Bi don phdi gui cdu trd Idi: (i) vdng 21 ngdy sau dupe giii gidytiiputip vd khilu nai; hoac Id (ii) neu cdu trd Idi kip thdi tii bd sy t6ng dat theo Quy tdc (d), vdng 60 ngdy sau yeu cdu tii bd dupe gui, hp^c vdng 90 sau dupe giri din bi don ben ngoai bat ky khu vuc tu phdp nao cua Hoa Ky" Ludt TTDS Ddi Loan quy dinh: Trudc ket thiic phan tranh luan, b} don co the dua yeu cdu phdn td ddi vdi nguyen don vd nhiing ngudi U§n quan den yen cau phdn to'^ Khoin Dieu 200 Bp Mt TTDS nam 2015 Part 20.4 of The Civil Procedure Rules of England: "A defendant may make a coimterclaim against a claimant - (a) without the court's permission if he files it with his defence; or (b) at any other time with the court's permission)"; https://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/civil/rules/part20, truy c|lp 11/08/2019 10 Article 146 of Code of Civil Procedure of Japan: "(1) The defendant mayfilea counterclaim with the court where the principal action is pending up until such time as oral arguments have reached a conclusion, but only if the subject matter of the counterclaim is a claim with a bearing on the claim that is the subject matter of the principal action or with a bearing on the means of defense"; http://www.japaneselawtransIation.go.jp/law/detaiI/?id=2834&vra=02&reK)2, truycgpngiy 11/08/2019 11 Rule 12 of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in US: "(1) In General Unless another time is specified by this rule or a federal statute, the time for serving a responsive pleading is as follows: (A) A defendant must serve an answer: (i) within 21 days after being served with the summons and complaint; or (ii) if it has timely waived service under Rule 4(d), within 60 days after the request for a waiver was sent, or within 90 days after it was sent to the defendant outside any judicial district of the United States"; https://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/cv_rules_eff._dec._l_20I8_0.pdfmiyc9png4y 11/08/2019 12 Article 259 ofTaiwan Code ofCivil Procedure: "The defendant may, prior to the conclusion of the oral argument, raise a counterclaim against the plaintiff and the persons with regard to whom the counterclaim shall be adjudicated jointly in the court where the plaintiffs claim is pending"; https://Iaw.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAIl.aspx?pcode=B00I0001, truy cap 08/09/2019 CUU / 50 NGHItN LAP PHAP^S614(414)-T7/2020 THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT Thyc tien xdc d|nh thdi diem thyc hif n quyln y@u c4u phdn t6 cAa bj don Trong thyc tiln van c6 nhieu quan dilm khde ve thdi diem dua yeu cdu phdn tl vd dan den cdch gidi quyet khac Vi dy: Vy dn ly h6n giua nguyen dan Le Hodng Dipp Thdo va bi don Dang Le Nguyen Vu dupe Tda an nhan ddn Tp Hd Chi Mmh (TAND TP.HCM) gidi quylt tiieo Bdn dn so 291/2019/HNGD-ST ngdy 27/03/2019'^ Bd Le Hodng Diep Thdo ed don xin ly h6n ngdy 26/10/2015; don b6 sung don ly hon ngdy 21/11/2015 vd ngdy 30/08/2017 vdi n$i dung de nghi Tda an gidi quyet cho bd vd 6ng Dang Le Nguyen Vii dupe ly hdn, ve chung thi bd yeu cau la ngudi trye tiep cham soc, nu6i dudng, 6ng Vii phdi cdp dudng nu6i vd yeu cdu chia todn bp tai sdn chung dupe dupe tao lap thdi ky hdn nhdn Ngdy 17/11/2015, TAND Tp HCM tiiong bdotiiyly vy dn sl 499/HNST vl viec tranh chap vl hdn nhdn vd gia dinh Din ngdy 21/06/2016, TAND Tp.HCM ban hanh quyet dinh dua vy an xet xir Sau dd, ngdy 18/07/2016, dng Vii da cd don yeu cau phdn td ve vipc de nghi Toa an xem xet, quylt dinh phdn chia tdi sdn la tiln Viet Nam, cdc lo^i ngo^i tp, vdng la tdi sdn chung cua vp chong hi^n bd Thao dang ndm giii, giii t^i ngdn hdng d Vipt Nam, de nghi phan chia cdc tdi sdn Id bit ddng sdn d nude bd Thdo dimg ten hoac ngudi khac dimg ten, dl nghi chia sl tiln chung cua hai vp chong 04 cdng ty hipn bd Thdo thdnh l$p nude vd nude ngodi tir tiln chung cua hai vp chdng Tit cdc dii lipu tren cho thdy, ngdy 21/6/2016, Toa dn da c6 quylt dinh dua vy an xet xir nhung sau d6 6ng Vu lai c6 ySu cdu phdn tl 18/07/2016 vd Tda an da thy ly yeu cau phdn td cua bi dan Nhu vay, thdi diem 6ng Vu dua yeu cau phdn td vd Toa an thy ly yeu cdu phai tl c6 phu hpp vdi quy dinh phdp ludt TTDS kh6ng? Npi dung ndy se dupe phan tich d phdn sau Cdc quan diem ve thdi diem b} dtfn c6 quyen ygu cau phan tl Mac du Bp ludt TTDS nam 2015 cd quy dinh ve thdi diem dua yeu cau phdn td cua bi don Tuy nhien, hien van cd each hieu khac ddi vdi quy dinh Cdch hieu thie nhdt: hi don cd quyen dua yeu cdu phdn tl trudc thdi diem md phien hpp kiem tra viec giao nop, tiep can, c6ng khai chiing cir vd hda gidi Quan diem ndy dupe hieu theo quy dinh t^i khodn Dilu 200 Bp ludt TTDS ndm 2015 Cy the, bi don ehi ed quyen dua yeu cau phdn t6 tir thdi diem Tda dn thdng bdo thy ly vy an cho den trudc thdi diem md phien hpp kiem tra viec giao nop, tiep can, cong khai chung cir vd hda gidi Neu sau thdi ^an ndy, Toa an se trd lai dcm yen can phdn td Cdch hiiu thic hai: hi don dupe dua yeu cau phdn td tai phien hpp kiem tra vipc giao nop, tiep can, cdng khai chung cii vd hda gidi Mae du khodn Dilu 200 Bd ludt TTDS ndm 2015 quy dinh bi don cd quyen dua yeu cdu phdn t6 trudc thdi diem md phien hpp kilm tia viec giao nop, tiep can, cong khai chiing cii vd hda giai Tuy nhien, khodn Dilu 210 Bp ludt TTDS nam 2015 quy dinh, Thdm phdn c6ng b6 tdi lieu, chung cii cd tiong h6 so vy dn, h6i duang sy ve nhiing van de sau day: "a) Yiu cdu vdphqm vi khoi kien, viec sua doi, bo sung, thay doi, nit yeu 13 Ban dn sl 291/2019/HNGD-ST 27/03/2019 cua Toa ; nhan dan Tp HCM ve viec tranh chap ve hdn nhan va gia dinh N e H l l N CUU I C I S6 14 (414) - T7/2020^ L A P P H A P THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT cdu khai ki^n, yeu cdu phdn to yiu cdu dpc lap, nhimg vdn de dd thong nhat, nhimg vdn de chua thong nhdt yeu cdu Toa dn gidi quyit" Do do, co the xdc dinh thdi diem cuoi Cling bi don dupe dua yeu cdu phdn td la tai phien hpp kiem tra vipc giao nop, tiep c£in, c6ng khai chiing cii va hoa gidi''^ Cdch hieu thie ba: vipc quy dinh "quyen" dua yeu cdu phdn to ciia hi dan trudc thdi diem md phien hpp kiem tra vipc giao npp, tiep can, c6ng khai chiing cii vd boa gidi kh6ng mang tinh bdt bupc "Quyen" d day c6 nghia Id bi dan co the Idm hoac khdng lam nhiing gi ma phap luat khong cam Do d6, viee dua ho^c khong dua yeu cdu phdn td trudc thdi diem md phien hpp kiem tia viee giao npp, tiep can, c6ng khai chimg cii vd hoa gidi Id bi don ty quyet dinh (Dieu Bp ludt TTDS nam 2015 ve quyen quyet dinh vd ty dinh doat cua duong sy)'^ Theo each hieu nay, bi don cd quyln dua yeu cdu phdn t6 trudc thdi diem md phien hpp hoac tai phien hpp hoac sau phiSn hpp kiem tra vipc giao nop, tiep can, cong khai chiing cii vd hoa gidi Chiing t6i ddng tinh vdi cdch hieu thii nhdt Bdi nhiing ly sau: Thu nhdt, phap ludt da minh thi ro rdng bi dan c6 quyen dua yeu cdu phan t6 trudc thdi diSm md phien hpp kiem tra viec giao nop, tiSp can, c6ng khai chiing cii vd hoa giai Neu bi don dua yeu cdu phdn t6 sau thdi diem ndy thi Toa dn phdi trd lai don yeu cdu phdn td Ben canh do, khodn Dieu 210 Bp ludt TTDS nam 2015 quy dinh, tai phien hpp kiem tra viec giao nop, tiep can, c6ng khai chiing cii va hoa gidi, Tham phan h6i bi dcm ve vipc sua ddi, bd sung, thay ddi, nit yeu cdu phdn tl chii kh6ng phdi Id h6i bi don cd yeu cdu phdn td hay khdng nhu cdch hieu eua quan dilm thii hai neu tren Do d6, each hieu thir hai Id kh6ng dimg vdi bdn chat quy dinh ciia Bp lu^t TTDS nam 2015 Thic hai, phdp ludt dattao"quyln" cho bi don dupe dua yeu cdu phdn totiieothdi han quy dinh tai khodn Dilu 200 Bp lu|it TTDS ndm 2015 Neu hi dcm khdng thyc hipn quyen dua yeu cdu phdn to thi d6ng nghia mac nhien tir ch6i "quyln" cua minh Ciing gi6ng nhu trudng hpp phap ludt TTDS cho phep duong sy, ngudi dai dien hpp phdp ciia duong sy, CO quan, to chirc, ca nhdn khdi kipn e6 quyen khdng edo ban an so thdm, quyet dinh tam dinh ehi giai quyet vy dn dan sy, quyet dinh dinh chi gidi quyet vy an ddn sy ciia Toa an cap so thdm de yen cdu Tda dn cdp phiic thdm giai quylt lai theo thii tuc phiic tham Neu nhiing chii the tren kh6ng thyc hien quyen khang caotiongthdi han quy dinh cua Dilu 273 Bp ludt TTDS nam 2015tillhp m^c nhien bi mit quyen khdng cdo Trong vy dn ly hdn giiia 6ng Dang Le Nguyen Vu vd bd Le Hodng Dipp Thdo, Tda an van dung theo cdch hieu thii rtiidt Tuy nhien, vdn de dat Id viec Tda dn dp dyng ludt CO diing hay kh6ng? Trong qua trinh gidi quyet vy dn ndy ciing nhu tai phiSn t6a xet xii so tham, cdc duong sy, Vipn kiem sat vd Tda an da co nhiing quan diem khac nhu sau; Quan diem ciia nguyen don: \^pc Tda an chdp nhgn yeu cau phdn td cua 6ng Vii (ngay 18/07/2016) sau da c6 quylt dinh dua vy dn xet xir (ngdy 21/06/2016) Id trdi vdi quy dinh ciia khodn Dilu 176 Bp luat 14 https://tapchitoaan.vn/bai-viet/trao-doi-y-kien/thoi-diem-cuoi-cung-dua-ra-yeu-cau-phan-to-yeu-cau-doclap,ffuycap 28/5/2020 15 https://tapchitoaan.vn/bai-viet/xay-dimg-phat-luat/ve-thoi-diem-bi-don-duoc-dua-ra-yeu-cau-phan-to, tmy cap 28/5/2020 CO I N O H I C N cini I •"^ LAPPHAP_ 'S6l4(414)-T7/2020 THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT TTDS nam 2004 da dupe sira d6i, bd sung nam 2011 '* Bdi vi, theo quy dinh ciia khodn Dilu 176 Bp ludt TTDS nam 2004 da duoc sua d6i, b6 sung nam 2011 thi bi don c6 quyln dua yeu cau phdn td trudc Tda dn quyet djnh dua vy dn xet xir so tham Vi vdy, T6a an phdi trd l^i dan yeu cdu phdn td Theo quan diem nay, phia nguy6n don dang dp dyng nhiing quy dinh ciia Bd ludt TTDS nam 2004 da dupe sua dii, bd sung nam 2011 Quan diem cua bi dan: Toa dn da th6ng bdo vd bi don da nop tien t^m ling an phi (ngdy 05/9/2016) theo yeu cau phdn td cua bi don T^i phiSn tda ngdy 27/3/2019, bi don dii chilu vdi Bp ludt TTDS nam 2015 thi bi don phdn td vd Tda an thy ly y6u cdu phdn tl cua bi don la hoan todn phii hop vdi quy dinh ciia phdp luat Theo quan diem ndy, hi don dang hilu vd dp dung quy dinh ciia Bp luat TTDS nam 2015 Quan dilm cita Vien kilm sat: Phia Yipn kilm sdt khdng cd y kiln vl vdn dl thdi dilm dua yeu cdu phdn t6 cua bi don vd viee thy ly ySu cdu phan td ciia Toa an qud trinh gidi quyet vy an Quan diem cua Toa dn: Toa dn cho rang, ve thdi diem dua yen cdu phdn td ciia bi dan Id phil hpp vdi quy dinh ciia phap ludt Theo nhdn dinh ciia Toa an, ngdy 18/07/2016 phia bi don dng Dang Le Nguyen Vii cd yeu cdu phdn tl dl nghi Toa an xem x^ Ngdy 30/08/2016, TAND Tp HCM da th6ng bao nop tiln tam img dn phi s6 5881/TB-TA, tai bien lai ddng tam ling dn phi sd AA/2016/0031054 ngdy 05/09/2016 tai Cue till hdnh an ddn sy Tp HCM, phia bi dcm da n0p dii sd tiln tam ling dn phi Id 1.310.487.347 dong Toa an da can cii khodn Dieu 200 Bp ludt TTDS nam 2015 dl tiiy ly yeu cdu phan td ciia bi don Bdi vi, sau thy ly yeu cdu phdn t6 thi Tda an tien hdnh thii tyc md phien hpp kiem tra viec giao nop, tiep can, cong khai chiing cii vd hda giai Nhu vdy, Toa dn co co sd cho rdng viec thy ly yeu cdu phan td cua bi dan Id diing vdi quy djnh ciia Bp ludt TTDS nam 2015 Theo quan dilm ndy, Tda dn da dp dyng quy dinh cua Bp ludt TTDS nam 2015 de gidi quyet vy dn Chung tdi cho rang, quan diem ciia Tda an vd bi don la kh6ng hpp ly vi ly sau: Thic nhdt, theo quy dinh cua khodn Dilu Nghi quylt 103/2015/QH13 ngdy 25/11/2015 ciia Qule hpi vl vipc thi hdnh Bp ludt TTDS, "doi vdi nhimg vii vi^c ddn sif, hon nhdn vd gia dinh, kinh doanh, thucmg mai, lao dpng da duac Toa dn thy ly truac ngdy 01/7/2016, nhung ki tic ngdy 01/7/2016 mai gidi quyit theo thd tue sa thdm thi dp dung cdc quy dinh cua Bp ludt ndy de gidi quyit" Dilu ndy dong nghia vdi viec, nlu vy vipc ddn sy da dupe Tda dn thy ly trudc ngdy 01/7/2016 vd dang dupe gidi quylt theo thii tuc so tham trudc ngdy 01/7/2016 thi Bp ludt TTDS nam 2004 da dupe sira ddi, bd sung nam 2011 se dupe dp dung Vu dn neu tren dang dupe TAND Tp HCM gidi quylt theo thii tuc so tham vd da CO quylt dinh dua vu an xet xir so thdm ngdy 21/6/2016 (Trudc ngdy Bp M t TTDS nam 2015 cd hieu lyc Id 01/7/2016) Nhu vdy, can cii vdo quy dinh tren thi Tda dn phdi dp dyng Bp luat TTDS nam 2004 da dupe sira ddi, b6 sung nam 2011 de giai quyet vu dn Thu hai, nlu dp dyng Bp Iugt TTDS nam 16 Khoan Dieu 176 Bp lu^t TTDS nam 2{)04 da dupe siia dii, bd sung nain 2011: "Bi dom co quyen dua yeu cdu phan tl tru6c T6a kn quylt djnh dua vy an xet xu so tham" NGHItN cuu I CO S614(414)-T7/2020\_LAP P H A P THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT 2004 da dupe sira doi, bd sung nam 2011 thi Tda an chi dupe thy ly yeu can phdn td cua bi dcm yeu cdu phdn td duoc dua trudc Tda an quylt dinh dua vy an xet xu so tham Trong vy an tren, bi don da dua yeu cdu phdn tl 18/07/2016, sau ngdy Tda dn quylt dinh dua vu an xet xir so tham (ngdy 21/6/2016) Do vay, chiing toi cho rang, Toa an phdi dp dyng Bp lu|t TTDS nam 2004 da dupe siia dii, bd sung nam 2011 dl gidi quylt vy dn; ding nghia vdi vi6c Tda dn phdi trd l^i don yeu cdu phdn to vi ly bi dan dua yeu cdu phdn tl sau thdi diem quy dinh ciia khodn Dilu 176 Bp ludt TTDS nam 2004 da dupe sua ddi, bd sung nam 2011 Nguyen nhdn lam anh hvdng den thdi diem bi dona thyc hifn quyen y&u cau phan to Trong thyc tiln, vdn cdn mpt s6 kho khan, vudng mac dp dyng quy dinh ve thdi dilm dua yeu cdu phdn to cua bi dan bdi nhiing quy dinh lien quan Cy the: Thu nhdt sy xudt hien cua ngudi co quyen Ipi, nghia vy lien quan anh hudng den quyln yeu cau phdn to cua bi don Can cii vdo khoan Dieu 200 ciia BLTTDS 2015 quy dinh: "Cung vdi viec phdi nop cho Toa dn vdn bdn ghi y kien cua minh doi vai yeu cdu cua nguyin dan, bi dan CO quyin yiu cdu phdn to doi voi nguyin dan, ngudi co quyin lai, nghia vu liin quan CO yeu cdu dpc lap " Cu the, theo quy dinh eiia khodn Dieu 199 Bp ludt TTDS nam 2015,ti-ongthdi han 15 ngdy, ke tu ngdy nhdn dupe thong bao ve viee thy ly vy an, bi don phdi nop van bdn ghi y kien ciia minh ddi vdi yeu cau cua nguyen don, kem theo yeu cdu phdn t6 (neu cd) Nhu vdy, can cii vdo quy dinh neu tren thi thdi diem bat dau thyc hien quyen phdn tl ciia bi don Id nhdn dupe th6ng CUU I M lNOHliN LAP P H A P ^ S 14 (414) • T7/2020 bdo cua Tda an vl viec thy ly vy ao- Tuy nhien, vdo thdi dilm ndy, bi don chi co die thyc hien dupe quyln phdn td d6i voi nguyen dan, hodn todn khdng till y^u cdu bii trir nghia vu hay loai trir yeu cdu eua nguoi CO quyen Ipi, nghia vy lien quan Bdi vi neu don khdi kien ciia nguyen don khdng de cgp den ngudi co quyln Ipi, nghia vy lien quan thi npi dung cua thong bdo thy ly theo Dilu 196 Bp ludt TTDS se khdng e6 thdng tin ve ngudi cd quyen Ipi, nghia vy lien quan Do dd, vipc khodn Dilu 200 Bp lu^t TTDS nam 2015 quy dinh: "Bi don co quyen dua yiu cdu phdn to truac thai diim ma phiin hpp kiim tra vi$c giao nop, tiep can, cong khai chung cu vd hoa gidi" - dupe xem la thdi gian kit thuc vipc thyc hien quyen phdn to ciia bi don la khd khd thi vd b?in che quyln yeu cdu phan td cua bi don Ndi each khac, tai phien hpp hoac sau phien hpp kilm tra vi?c giao nop, tilp can, cdng khai chiing cii va hda gidi thi kh6ng c6 quy dinh ndo miitii thi cho phep bi dan thyc hipn quyln phdn to Ngoai ra, theo quy dinh t^i khodn Dieu 68 Bp ludt TTDS nam 2015, tu cdch ngudi cd quyen loi, nghia vy lien quan se xuat hipn vu an dan sy ngudi ty minh de nghi hoac cdc duong sy khac dl nghj va dupe Toa dn chdp nhan dua vdo tham gia to tyng vdi tu cdch la ngudi cd quyen Ipi, nghia vu lien quan Hoac trudng hop viec gidi quylt vy dn dan sy c6 lien quan den quyln Ipi, ngbia vy eua mdt ngudi nao ma khdng ed de nghi dua hp vdo tham gia to tung vdi tu cdch la ngudi co quyen Ipi, nghia vu lien quan thi Toa dn phdi dua ho vdo tham gia tl tung vdi tu cdch Id ngudi co quyen Ipi, nghia vy lien quan Nhu vay, dya vdo quy dinh yen titi Toa an hodn todn co co sd de dua ngudi cd quyln loi, nghia vy lien quan vdo tham gia vy dn THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT tai thdi diem da md phi6n hpp ho^c sau thdi dilm md phiSn hpp kilm tta vipc giao npp, tiep can, cdng khai chimg cii va hda gidi Van de d|it Id dd bj dan cd dupe quyln dua y6u cdu phdn td ddi vdi ngudi cd quyen Ipi, nghia vy lien quan khdng? Chung tdi cho rang, ve nguyen tdc, Tda dn da md philn hpp ki6m tra vipc giao npp, tilp cdn cdng khai chiing cii vd hda gidi thi bi don khdng cd quyln dua ySu cau phdn td Tuy nhien, trudng hpp nSu tren thi bi dan van cd quyln dua yeu c4u phdn tl ddi vdi ngudi co quyen Ipi, nghia vy lien quan cd yeu cau dpc l^p D I vipc dp dyng phdp lu|it vl yeu cau phan tl vy dn dan sy dupe thing nhat thyc tien, thilt nghi eo quan c6 th4m quyen can co hudng dan ho^c gidi ddp cy the cdc vudng mdc n6u trSn Thu hai, sd lan md phien hpp kilm tra vipc giao npp tiep c$n, cdng khai chiing cir vd hoa gidi theo quy dinh cua Bp lu^t TTDS nam 2015 co thi ldm dnh hudng din quyln ySu CEiu phdn tl cua bi dan Bp lu|t TTDS nam 2015 quy dinh, "bi dan CO quyin dua yeu cdu phdn to trudc thdi diem ma phien hpp kiem tra vi^c giao npp, tiep can cong khai chimg cic vd hoa gidi" la chua chua ro rdng; bdi le, quy dinh dp dyng cho trudc thdi dilm md phiSn hpp ddu tien hay cdc pbi6n hpp tilp theo hay phien hpp cuoi ciing? Ben e^nh dd, Bp luat TTDS nam 2015 ciing chua quy djnh cy the ndo thdm phdn tiln hdnh md phien hpp kilm tra vipc giao npp, tilp c|in, cdng khai chiing eii vd hda giai, ciing nhu khdng gidi han so lan md phien hpp kiem tra vipc giao npp, tiep can, cdng khai chiing cii va hda gidi Can cir vao quy trinh td tyng, cdc phien hpp tilp theo khdng thi dupe gpi Id phien hpp kilm ti-a vipc giao npp, tiep can, cdng khai chimg eii va hda gidi Do d6, cd nhieu co sd de cho ring, thdi dilm bi don phdn td phai dupe thyc hipn trudc md phien hpp diu tien theo thu tyc quy dinh tai Dilu 210 Bd ludt TTDS nam 2015 Nlu sau thy ly vy dn mpt thdi gian ngan, thdm phan md phien hpp kiem tra viec giao nop, tiep can, cdng khai chimg eii thi thdi gian de bi dcm cdn nhac, tim kiem, thu th^p tdi lieu, chiing cii va thyc hipn quyen yeu cau phdn to se bi han che rat nhieu Trong do, thyc te gidi quyet cdc tranh chap dan sy cho thdy, chi sau tiep can, c6ng khai chiing cir vd hda gidi cdc duong sy n6i chung, bi don noiriengmdi cd du thong tin de quyet dinh vi§c cd dua yeu cdu phdn td hay yeu cdu dpc lap khong Dieu v6 hinh trung lam dnh hudng den quyen ySu ciu phdn td cua bi don DS khde phyc bat cap neu tien, chiing toi cho rang, Toa dn nhdn ddn tdi cao cdn ban hdnh hudng dan cu the ndo thdm phdn tiln hdnh md phien hpp kiem tra viec giao npp, tilp can, cdng khai chimg cii vd hda gidi Dl ddm bdo quyln loi ciia bi don, Thdm phdn phdi tien hdnh md phien hpp kiem tra vipc giao npp, tilp can, cdng khai chung cii vd hoa gidi sau thyc hien cac nhiem vy, quyen ban quy dinh tai cac diem a, b, c, d, d, e vd h khodn Dilu 203 Bd ludt TTDS nam 2015 Ben canh dd, de ddm bdo sy thdng nhat qua trinh dp dyng phdp luat, Toa an nhdn dan tdi cao ciing cdn hudng ddn rd npi dung hi dan cd quyen dua yeu cdu phdn tl trudc thdi diem md phien hpp kiem tra vipc giao npp, tiep can, cdng khai chiing cii vd hda gidi dau tien hay cuoi ciing Vi day Id ndi dung quan trpng de Tda dn xdc dinh thy ly hay khdng thy ly yeu cau phdn td cua bi dona NOHllN CUU I CE S6 14 (414) - T7/2020^ L A P P H A P ^^ ... TIEN PHAP LUAT TTDS nam 2004 da dupe sira d6i, bd sung nam 2011 '* Bdi vi, theo quy dinh ciia khodn Dilu 176 Bp ludt TTDS nam 2004 da duoc sua d6i, b6 sung nam 2011 thi bi don c6 quyln dua yeu cau... e6 quyen khdng edo ban an so thdm, quyet dinh tam dinh ehi giai quyet vy dn dan sy, quyet dinh dinh chi gidi quyet vy an ddn sy ciia Toa an cap so thdm de yen cdu Tda dn cdp phiic thdm giai quylt... chimg cii vd hoa gidi Id bi don ty quyet dinh (Dieu Bp ludt TTDS nam 2015 ve quyen quyet dinh vd ty dinh doat cua duong sy)'^ Theo each hieu nay, bi don cd quyln dua yeu cdu phdn t6 trudc thdi