Bình luận khoa học án lệ số 05

BINH LUAN KHOA HOC AN LE SO 05/2016/AL Tie&ng Duy Lugrng* Tdm tit: Bai viit binh ludn khoa hgc vi dn li so 05/2016/AL dugc Hpi ddng Thdm phdn Toa dn nhdn ddn tdi cao thdng qua ngdy 06/4/2016 vd dugc cdng bd theo Quyit dinh so 220/QB-CA ngdy 06/4/2016 cua Chanh dn Tda dn nhdn ddn tdi cao Abstract: The article provides a commentary on the ease law no 05/2016/AL rendered by the Council of the Supreme People's Court dated (f* April 2016 and publicized under the Decision no 220/QD-CA dated &^ April 2016 by the President of the Supreme People's Court l.T6mtitdnlf> Npi dung vu dn Tgi dan khdi kipn 18/7/2008 vd Uong qud trinh giai quyfit vy dn, bd Nguyfin Thj Thudng, bd Nguyfin Thj Xuan trinh bay: Cha mp cac bd la cg Nguyfin Van Hung (chit nam 1978), cu Lfi Thi Ngy (chit ndm 1992) cd 06 ngudi eon Id bd Nguyen Thj Xfi, dng Nguyfin Chi Trai, bd Nguyen Thj Xudn, bd Nguyfin Thj Thudng, bd Nguyfin Thj Trinh vd dng Nguyfin Chi Trai 6ng Trai cd vg la ba Ong Thi Manh vd ed 05 ngudi la anh Nguyfin Thudn Ly, anh Nguyen Thuin Huy, chi Nguyen Thj Qudi Dudng, anh Nguyfin Chi Dat (sinh nam 1966) vd anh Nguyen Chi Dgt (sinh nam 1968) Tgi Quyet djnh sd 413/2008 ngdy 31/3/2008, Tda dn nhdn dan Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh da myfin bd dng Trai, ba Manh, anh Thuan Huy, chi Qudi Dudng, anh Nguyen Chi Dgt (sinh nam 1968) Id da chfit Cdn nhd sd 263 dudng Trin Binh Trgng, Phudng 4, Qudn 5, Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh cu Hung, cu Ngy nhgn chuyin * Trpng tAi vien Trung tam trpng tai quoc te Vift Nam (VIAC) ' Toftn van i n 1? s6 05/2016/AL xem tai: https://anle.toaan.gov.vn/webcenter/portal/anIe/chitie tanle?dDocName=TAND01430I, truy cap 5/1/2020 nhugng dit ciia dng Dao Thanh Phyng nam 1953, den nam 1966 thi hai eu xdy dyng nha d nhu hifin Nha dat chua dugc cap giay chiing nhdn quyfin sd huu nhd d, quyin sir dyng ddt, chi mdi ke khai nam 1999 Cu Hung, cy Ngy chfit deu khdng dfi Igi di chlic, can nhd hipn chj Nguyin Thi Thuy Phugng Id ong Nguyen Chi Trai dang qudn ly Qud trinh quan ly, chj Phugng cho ba Nguyin Thi Bich Dao thufi mgt phdn can nha de ldm Id bdnh mi Khi chj Phugng d day cd sira chua nha nhung khdng dang ke Vg chdng dng Trai khdng cd ddng gdp gi vdo vipc xdy dyng vd sira chua vi ong Trdi di cdi tgo, cdn ba Tu vg dng Trdi khdng cd nghfi nghipp, cdn be khdng cd thu nhgp dl cd tien ddng gdp Nfiu chj Phugng cd chung cii chiing minh chi phi sira chiia vd yfiu cau thi cdc bd se tta Cac nguyen dan yeu cau chia thira ke can nha theo quy dinh cua phdp luat va xin dugc nhan liha, hodn lgi bang tien cho cdc thua kfi khdc Chi Phugng khdng thugc dien thira kfi nfin phdi ttd lai nha, khdng ddng y ho frg chj Phugng di nai khdc Bi dan Id chj Nguyfin Thj Thuy Phugng trinh bay: Chj thdng nhdt vfi quan he gia dinh Cha chj Id dng Nguyfin Chi Trdi, mp chj la bd Nguyen Thi Tu cd 03 ngudi gdm chi, anh Nguyfin Chi Diic, chj Nguyen 63 NHA NUdc vA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020 Tin Thuy Loan (anh Diic, chi Loan hipn sdng d Canada) Can nhd sd 263 dudng Trdn Binh Trgng la cua dng ba ndi chi mua tii nam 1953, dd Id nhd ngdi, vdch vdn Nam 1955, cha chj kfit hdn vdi mp chi va cha mp ehi d tgi can nha ndy Nam 1978, cha chj xuat cdnh sang My, mp chi chfit nam 1980 Chi sdng tgi can nhd tir nhd dfin nay, da sira chiia nha nhifiu lan nhu lam ciia nhdm, xay tudng phan gdc limg, Idt ggch men sdn thugng, xdy tudng phia sau nhd Chj cd phan thira ke ctia cha chj vi nam 2006 cha chi da lap td eho diit chi tai sdn thiia ke d Vipt Nam nen chj dugc phan thiia ke md cha chj dugc hudng ciia cy Hung, eu Ngy Chj khdng ddng y yfiu cau cua cae nguyfin dan, vi thdi hipu chia thua kfi da hit, hipn tgi chi va 02 eua ehi dang sdng tai can nhd Chj cd cho bd Nguyen Tiii Bich Dao thufi mgt phdn nhd ldm Id bdnh mi, chj vd bd Ddo se ty giai quyfit vdi vl vi$c thue nhd Bi dem Id dng Nguyen Chi Trai trinh bay: Tgi van ban ngdy 14/10/2009, dng Trdi cd dan dl nghi vdi ngi dung 25/4/2006 dng cd giiy eho chi Phugng dugc hudng phan tai san thira kfi md dng dugc hudng cua cha mp tgi Viet Nam, dng xm buy bd van bdn ufin va bang van bdn ndy dng xin uy quyen cho bd Thudng, bd Xuan thay mat dng tai tda dn, tda xet xu xong phdn tai sdn thira kl cua dng xin dugc trao hfit cho trai ong la anh Nguyfin Chi Diic hipn cu tni tai Canada Sau xet xii so thdm, 22/4/2010, dng Trdi cd Dan tudng uinh ndi dung dng khdng ddng y chia thiia kfi nhd 263 Trdn Binh Trgng ma giao cho chj Phugng tifip tyc ttong nom dfi d, dng vd vg dng da cd cdng siic ddng gdp tifin ciia vdo 64 can nhd Nhung din 14/7/2010, dng Trdi lgi cd van bdn vdi ngi dung dng cho ti^i la anh Nguyfin Chi Diic phan tai sdn dng dugc nhgn thira ke ciia cha mp Ngdy 11/3/2011, dng Trdi cd Td tudng ttinh ngi dung dng d^ng y vdi quyet djnh cua Bdn dn so thim, ong khdng khang cdo Ngudi cd quyin lgi nghia vy lien quan: - Bd Nguyen Thi Trinh (Id cy Hung, cu Ngy) trinh bdy: Ba thong nhit nhu trinh bay ciia cdc nguyfin dan ve quan hp gia dinh vd nguon goc tdi sdn Nam 1966 nhd bj hu dgt, cha mp bd cd siia lgi nhd c6 sy ddng gdp eua cdc Uong dd cd ba nhung bd khdng yeu cau phan bd da ddng gdp Vipc chj Phugng eho rang, cha mp chj va chj c6 ddng gdp frong vific siia chua nhd Id khdng diing Bd dl nghi ky phan thiia kfi ciia bd giao eho bd Xuan, ba Thudng quan Iy; dl nghi bd Ddo, chi Phugng Ud lgi nhd - Anh Nguyen Chi Dgt (sinh nam 1966), anh Nguyen Thuan Ly trinh bay: Cha m? cdc anh Id dng Nguyen Chi Trai, bd Ong Thj Mgnh cung 03 ngudi em ciia cdc anh dfiu da chit Ufin bien vugt hifin vao nam 1982 Cde anh ddng y vdi y kien eua nguyen don ve vipc chia thira kfi, xin dugc hudng thira kfi tai san eua ey Hung, cy Ngy vd giao cho bd Thudng, bd Xxxdn qudn Iy Bd Nguyfin Thj Xe (Id ciia cg Hung, cu Ngy) thdng nhat vdi trinh bdy ciia cac nguyfin don vfi quan he gia dinh vd yfiu cdu cua cdc nguyen dan, ky phan thira ke bd dugc hudng cho 02 ciia bd la Phgm Thj Vui va Pham Thj Lifin Ldi khai ciia chi Nguyfin Thj Thuy Loan, anh Nguyen Chi Diic theo gidy uy quyin lap 21/5/2007 (da dugc hgp phdp hod lanh su) thi chj Loan, anh Diic iiy quyin cho chi Phugng quyfit djnh mgi sy BINHLVANKHOA vipc lien quan dfin nhiing tranh chdp hay phan chia tai sdn vd nha dat ben Viet Nam (Giay iiy quyfin chi Phugng xudt trinh theo dan ciia chj Phugng de ngdy 25/3/2011, sau xet xir so tham) Chj Loan cd don (kem theo van bdn uy quyfin) vdi ngi dung xin vang mat phien tod ngdy 13/8/2009 Ve tdi sdn Uanh chap cha mp chi cd tien ddng gdp, cdn cdc ed chii khdc khdng ddng gdp gi Sau nam 1975, mgi ngudi di het, chi cdn minh chj Phugng d vdi dng bd, de nghj Tda cho chi Phugng d lai nhd ddt tranh chap Tgi Bdn dn dan sy sa thdm so 3363/2009/DSST ngdy 18/11/2009, Tda dn nhdn dan Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh quyfit djnh: - Xdc djnh nhd ddt tgi 263 Tran Binh Trgng Id di sdn thira ke ciia cy Nguyfin Van Hung, cg Lfi Thj Ngy; mdi ky phin thua kl dugc hudng la 10.655.687.000 = 1.775.947.800 ddng - Bugc mp chj Phugng vd ba Ddo giao lgi nhd dat franh chap cho ba Thudng, bd Xuan Bd Thudng, ba Xuan cd Udeh nhipm frd cho cdc thira kfi khdc bang tifin ma hg dugc hudng - Ghi nhgn vipc dng Nguyfin Chi Trdi cho Id anh Nguyfin Chi Diic dugc nhdn ky phan thiia kl ciia dng Ngdy 30/11/2009, chj Nguyfin Thj Thuy Phugng cd dan khdng cao cd ndi dung cho ring cy Himg, cy Ngu chfit da qud 10 nam nen thdi hieu khdi kipn vfi thira ke khdng cdn Ngay 15/3/2011, chj Phugng cd don khdng cdo bd sung ngi dung: - Cha chi Id dng Trdi khdng ddng y chia vd ddng y cho chi qudn ly can nha ndy Cdc HQC ddng thira ke khdng cd van bdn xdc nhgn nha tranh chap Id tai sdn chung chua chia Cha me chi vd cdc Uong cd chi da sdng dn djnh ban 50 nam tgi can nhd ndy, da bdo qudn, giu gin can nha nhimg lai budc mp chi phdi khdi nha Id khdng thau tinh dgt ly Tgi Bdn dn ddn sy phiic tham sd 116/2011/DS-PT ngdy 10/5/2011, Tda phiic thdm Tod dn nhan dan tdi cao tgi Thdnh phd Hd Chi Mmh quyfit djnh: Giu nguyen Bdn dn so thdm Ngdy 16/6/2011, chj Nguyin Thi Thuy Phugng cd dan dfi nghj gidm dfic thdm Bdn dn dan sy phiic tham nfiu fren Tgi Quylt djnh sfi 158/2014/KN-DS ngdy 06/5/2014, Chdnh dn Tda dn nhdn dan tdi cao da khdng nghj Bdn dn dan sy phiic thim nfiuttfin;dl nghj Hgi dong Thim phdn Tda an nhdn ddn tdi cao xet xOr gidm ddc thim huy Bdn dn dan su phuc thdm nfiu frfin vd Bdn an dan sy so tham sd 3363/2009/DSST ngdy 18/11/2009 eiia Tda dn nhan dan Thdnh Hd Chi Minh; giao hd so vy dn cho Tda an nhan ddn Thdnh phd Hd Chi Mmh xet xir so thdm lai theo quy djnh ciia phdp Iuat Tgi phien tda gidm ddc thdm, dgi difin Vien kilm sdt nhan dan tdi cao nhat tri khang nghj ciia Chdnh dn Tda dn nhan dan tdi cao Hpi ddng Tham phdn Toa dn nhdn dan tdi cao nhgn dinh: Vg chdng cu Nguyen Van Hung (chfit nam 1978), cu Le Thi Ngy (chfit nam 1992) cd 06 ngudi gdm ba Nguyen Thj Xfi, dng Nguyen Chi Trdi, bd Nguyfin Thi Xudn, ba Nguyen Thi Thudng, ba Nguyen Thi Trinh va dng Nguyfin Chi Trai Vg chdng dng Nguyin Chi Trai, bd Ong Thj Manh cd 65 NHA NUdc vA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020 05 ngudi la anh Nguyfin Thuan Ly, anh Nguyfin Thudn Huy, chi Nguyen Thi Qudi Dudng, anh Nguyfin Chi Dgt (sinh nam 1966), anh Nguyfin Chi Dat (sinh nam 1968) Ong Trai, bd Mgnh, anh Huy, chi Dudng, anh Nguyen Chi Dgt (sinh nam 1968) bjttiyfinbo chit 31/3/2008 theo Quylt djnh sd 413/2008 31/3/2008 cua Tda dn nhdn ddn Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh Cy Hung, cy Ngy chfit dfiu khdng dfi Igi di ehuc Cdc ciia hai cy vd chj Phugng (con dng Trdi) dfiu thira nhdn can nhd sd 263 dudng Tran Binh Trgng, Phudng 4, Qugn 5, Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh cu Hung, cu Ngy nhgn chuyfin nhugng ciia dng Ddo Thdnh Phyng nam 1953 la tai san ciia hai eg tgo Igp, hipn tai dang chi Phugng qudn ly, sir dyng Nam 2008, bd Xuan, bd Thudng khdi kipn yeu cdu chia thua kfi di san eiia cy Hung, eu Ngy dfi lgi Cdc ducmg sy dfiu xac dinh ong Trdi djnh cu tgi My trudc 01/7/1991 Tda an cip so thdm, phiic tham can cii Nghi quylt 1037/2006/NQ-UBTVQHl 27/7/2006 ciia Uy ban Thudng vy Quoc hdi xdc dinh thdi hieu khdi kifin thira kfi ddi vdi di sdn cua cy Hung van cdn Id cd ca sd Ddi vdi di sdn ciia cy Ngy thi da het thdi hieu khdi kipn yfiu cdu chia thira kfi, nhung dng Trdi va cac ddng thira kfi cua hai cu dfiu thira nhgn di sdn cua cu Ngy la tdi san chung ciia cac thira ke chua chia vd dfiu nhat Ui chia deu cho eac thua kfi Do dd, Tda an cdp so thim, phuc tham can cu tieu muc a dilm 2.4 muc phin I Nghj quylt sd 02/2004/NQ-HDTP ngdy 10/8/2004 ciia Hdi ddng Tham phan Tda dn nhan ddn tdi cao hudng ddn dp dung phdp Iuatfrongvific gidi quylt cac vy an dan sy, hdn nhan vd gia 66 dinh dfi chia phan di sdn ciia cy Ngy cho cdc thua ke Id cd can cii Cy Hung chit nam 1978, theo quy djnh ciia Lugt Hon nhan vd gia dinh nam 1959 thi dng Trai dugc hudng 1/7 ky phan thira kl ciia cy Hung Phin tdi sdn dng Trdi dugc hudng cua cy Hung la tdi sdn chung cua vg chdng dng Trai, bd Tu Bd Tu chit ndm 1980, cde thira kl ciia ba Tu gom dng Trdi vd 03 ngudi cua dng Trdi, bd Tu uong dd cd chj Phugng Nhu vgy, chj Phugng dugc hudng mgt phan tdi sdn eua mp la bd Tu, nhung dng Trdi da djnh dogt toan bg ky phin thira kl md dng dugc hudng eua cy Hung cho anh Diic id chua dimg Chj Phugng sinh nam 1953 vd cdc duong sy xde djnh chj Phugng d tgi nhd ciia dng, ba tir nhd dfin Tir nam 1982, chj Phugng da Id chii hg khiu tai nhd dat ndy, cg Ngy cdn sdng nhimg d nai khac, bd Thudng chuyen hg khdu vfi tgi day td nam 1979 nhung khdng d ddy, nen chj Phugng da tryc tiep qudn ly, sii dyng nhd ddt Uanh chip tu sau cu Ngy chfit den Cde duang sy khdc deu cd nai d dn djnh noi khdc Khi chia thira kfi va tdi sdn chung, Tda dn cap so tham vd phuc thdm khdng xem xet tao dieu kipn cho chj Phugng cd chfi d ma budc chi Phugng phai giao lai nhd cho cdc nguyfin dan frong dd cd phdn quyfin tai san chj Phugng dugc hudng thira kfi cua me Id ba Tu la chua phii hgp Tuy chj Phugng khdng phai thira kl thugc hang thira ke thii nhat ciia cy Hung, cy Ngu, nhung la chdu ndi cua hai cy va cd nhifiu cdng siic qudn ly, da chi tien siia chua nhd nhung Uong qud trinh gidi quyet vu an, chj Phugng khdng yfiu cdu xem xet cdng siic vi chi Phugng cho rang vy dn da hit thdi hipu chia thiia kfi, khdng ddng y ud nhd BINH L VAN KHOA dat cho cdc thira kfi Nhu vgy, yfiu cdu cua chj Phugng dl nghj xac dinh quyin lgi la Idn hgn yeu cau xem xet ve cdng siic, nhung Tda dn c ^ so tham, phiic tham chua xem xet cdng siic cho chj Phugng Id gidi quyet chua tript de yeu cdu cua ducmg sy Vi cac lefrfin,can cii vdo khodn Dieu 297, khodn 1, Dilu 299 Bd lugt Td timg Dan sy da dugc siia ddi, bd sung nam 2011; Quyet dinh Huy toan bg Bdn an dan sy phiic tham so 116/2011/DS-PT 10/5/2011 ciia Tda phuc tham Tda dn nhan ddn toi cao tai Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh vd buy todn bg Bdn dn dan sy so thim so 3363/2009/DSST ngdy 18/11/2009 cua Tda dn nhdn dan Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh vfi vy dn ttanh chap thira kfi tdi sdn giiia nguyen dan Id bd Nguyen Thj Thudng, bd Nguyen Thi Xuan vdi hi dan Id chj Nguyfin Thi Thuy Phugng vd nhimg ngudi cd quyin lgi, nghTa vy lifin quan khdc Giao ho sa vy dn cho Tda dn nhan dan Thanh phd Hfi Chi Minh xet xii so thim lgi theo quy djnh cua phdp ludt Npi dung dn 1$ "Cu Hung chit ndm 1978, theo quy djnh cua Ludt Hdn nhdn vd gia dinh ndm 1959 thi dng Trdi dugc hu&ng 1/7 ky phdn thica ke cua cu Hung Phdn tdi sdn dng Trdi dugc hu&ng cua cu Hung Id tdi sdn chung cua vg chdng dng Trdi, bd Tu Bd Tu chet ndm 1980, cdc thira ki cua bd Tu gdm dng Trdi vd 03 ngu&i cua dng Trdi, bd Tu cd chf Phugng Tuy chi Phugng khdng phdi thica ke thupc hdng thira ki thu nhdt cua cu Hung, cu Ngu, nhung Id chdu ndi cda hai cu vd cd nhiiu cdng sire qudn ly, dd chi tiin sua chira nhd nhung qud trinh gidi quyet HQC vu an, chi Phirgng khdng yeu cdu xem xet cdng sue vi chi Phugng cho rdng vu dn da hit th&i hieu chia thica ki, khdng ddng y trd nhd ddt cho cdc thira ke Nhu vgy, yeu cdu cua chi Phugng di nghi xdc dinh quyen lgi Id l&n han yeu cdu xem xet vi cong sue, nhung Tda dn cdp sa thdm, phuc thdm chua xem xet cdng sire cho chi Phugng la gidi quyet chua triit de yeu cdu cua duang su " Binh luan 2,1, Xdc dinh di sdn thira ke, th&i diem m& thira ke, difn dugc hu&ng di sdn thira ki cua c^ Nguyen Vdn Himg vd ey Le Thi ^gV Cu Hung chit nam 1978, cy Ngy chfit nam 1992 dfiu khdng dfi lgi di chiic Hai cy cd ngudi Id bd Nguyfin Th; Xe, dng Nguyfin Chi Trdi, ba Nguyfin Thi Xuan, bd Nguyin Thi Thudng, ba Nguyen Thi Trinh vd dng Nguyen Chi Trai Trong sd cdc hai cy cd dng Nguyfin Chi Trdi djnh cu tgi My ttudc ngdy 01/7/1991 Ngdy 18/7/2008, nguyen dem khdi kifin yeu cau chia di sdn thira kfi ciia hai cy nfin Tda an cap sa thdm, Tda an cdp phiic thdm dp dyng Bg ludt Dan sy nam 2005, Nghj quylt sd 1037/2006/ NQ-UBTVQHll ngdy 27/7/2006 eua Uy ban Thudng vu Qude hgi xdc djnh thdi hieu khdi kifin chia di san thira kfi ciia cy Hung vdn cdn, nhung ddi vdi di sdn ciia cy Ngy thi da het thdi hipu khdi kifin chia thira kfi la dimg^ Trong phdn ndi dung vu an chua cd thdng tin ve phdn di san ciia cy Ngy da hfit ^ Thdi hi?u Idioi ki$n vfi quyen thua ke la 10 nam ke tii thoi difim m a thira kfi (Dieu 648 Bp luat Dan sy nam 1995, Difiu 645 Bp luat Dan sy nam 2005); Bp lu^t Dan su nam 2015 quy dinh thai hieu khai kien vfi thiia ke doi vcri di san la dpng san la 10 nam, nhung neu la bat dpng san thi thai hifu khdi kien la 30 nam (Dieu 623) 67 NHA NUdc VA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020 thdi hipu khdi kifin thi cac thira kfi cua cu Ngy ed y kien nhu the ndo (vi dy nhu thdng nhat hogc khdng thdng nhdt Id tdi sdn chung), ldm cho phdn mo td ngi dung vy vipc chua day dii, gidm tinh khach quan ve vipc phdn dnh dien bifin thue te ciia vy viec Mac du phdn nhdn xet cua quyfit dinh gidm ddc tham da nfiu ro: "Ong Trdi vd cdc ddng thica ke cua hai cu diu thica nhdn di sdn cda cu Ngu Id tdi sdn chung cda cdc thira ki chua chia vd nhdt tri chia diu cho cdc thica ki Do dd, Tda dn cdp sa thdm, phuc thdm cdn cic tiiu muc a diem 2.4 muc phan I Nghi quyit so 02/2004/NQ-HDTP ngdy 10/8/2004 cua Hdi ddng Thdm phdn Tda dn nhdn ddn tdi cao hu&ng ddn dp dgng phdp ludt vi^c gidi quyet cdc vu dn ddn su, hdn nhdn vd gia dinh di chia phdn di sdn cua cu Ngu cho cdc thira ki la cd cdn cu" Tuy nhien, da Id nhdn xet (chir khdng phdi phdn dnh lai tdm tat difin biln sy vific) thi tinh chii quan chiia dyng Uong phdn nhgn xet se nhieu ban, nhung cung nhd cd dogn nhan xet mdi biet them ve difin bifin su vipc Tda an cdc cdp ciing da xdc djnh diing di sdn cua hai cy Id nhd ddt tai 263 Trdn Bmh Trgng va chia cho ngudi cua hai cy Tuy nhifin, vific xdc djnh todn bg gid tri nhd dit 10.655.687.000 ddng Id di sdn hai cy vd chia cho ngudi ciia hai cy, mdi thira ke dugc hudng ky phan cd gid trj 1.775.947.800 ddng la chua chmh xac Theo trinh bdy ciia cdc duang sy thi chj Phugng (con dng Trdi) sdng tu nhd tgi nhd dat di sdn ciia hai cu Sau hai cy mat thi chi tifip tuc qudn ly, sii dyng di sdn vd chj cho rang minh "da sira chira nha nhifiu lan nhu lam eua nhdm, xay tudng phdn gdc lung, Idt ggch men san thugng, xdy tudng 68 phia sau nha" Phia nguyfin don cimg thira nhan ldi khai cua chi Phugng nhung cho rang chj chi siia chiia nhd Nhu vdy, khdi tdi sdnfrfincd phin cong sue qudn Iy, sira chiia eiia chj Phugng Tda dn cap so tham, Tda an cap phiic tham mac nhifin coi toan bg gia trj tdi sdn (Uong dd cd cdng siic bao quan, chi phi siia chiia nang cao gid trj di sdn) deu thugc di san ciia hai cy, ddng thdi chua xem xet nhu cdu cho d cua chj Phugng da xir huge chj khdi nhd vd giao toan bg hipn vgt cho nguyen don, frong nhd ddt cd thfi phan chia dugc cho nhiing ngudi ed quyfin lgi, ed nhu cdu vl ch6 d Id sai lam nghifim Ugng 2,2 Ve Quyet dfnh gidm doc thdm so 39/2014/DS-GBT ngdy 09/10/2014 cua Hpi dong thdm phdn Toa dn nhdn ddn toi cao Tren ca sd ngi dung vy an, nhgn djnh eua Hgi ddng thdm phdn Tda an nhan dan tdi cao cd the nhdn thdy vipc Hgi dong thdm phdn cho rang, phdn quyfit ciia Tda an nhan dan cap so thdm, cdp phiic tham cd sai lam nghifim Ugng xdc djnh todn bg gia tri nhd dat Id di sdn ciia hai ey, nen phdn quyfit da xdm phgm quyen, lgi ich hgp phdp ciia chj Phugng Id hodn todn dimg dan Tuy nhifin, tdc gid cd y kiln vfi ba ndi dung dugc de cap Quylt dinh giam ddc thdm nhu sau: a) Di sdn thira kfi chua dugc phdn chia cho cdc thira kfi (theo thda thudn cua cdc thira ke hay thong qua phdn quyfit ciia co quan cd tham quyen) thi co duang nhien tr& thdnh tdi sdn chung cua vg hogc chdng cdc thica ke? Tgi Quyet djnh giam doc thim sd 39/2014/DS-GDT ngdy 09/10/2014 Hgi ddng tham phan da cho rang, di san ciia cy Hung dii chua chia, phdn di san cua eg BINH L VAN KHOA HQC Hung md dng Trai cd thfi dugc hudng mac nhien ttd thdnh tdi sdn chung vg chdng dng Trdi, bd Tu (vg dng Trdi) vdi nhdn dinh: "Nhu vgy, chj Phugng dugc hu&ng mdt phdn tdi sdn cua me la bd Tu, nhung dng Trdi da dinh dogt todn bg ky phan thua kfi ma ong dugc hu&ng cua cu Hung cho anh Diic la chua diing" Khi dua dudng loi ndy, Hgi ddng tham phdn vipn dan Lugt Hdn nhan vd gia dinh nam 1959, song khdng chi rd dya vao quy djnh tai dieu ndo cua Lugt ndy, nhung theo tde gid, cd le Hgi ddng thdm phdn can cii vdo Dieu 15 Dilu 15 Lugt Hdn nhan vd gia dinh nam 1959 quy djnh: "Vg va chong dfiu ed quyfin sd huu, hudng thy va sir dyng ngang doi vdi tdi san cd trudc va sau cudi" Mgc du Luat Hdn nhdn vd Gia dinh nam 1959 quy djnh chi cd mgt chfi tdi san, dd la tai sdn chung ciia vg chdng, khdng cd che dg tai sdn rifing cua vg hay chdng, ciing khdng cd nhifiu che dg tdi san (tdi sdn chung, tdi san rieng, tdi sdn theo thda thugn) nhu Ludt Hdn nhdn va Gia dinh nam 2014 Mgi tdi san eiia vg hay chdng cd trudc hay sau cudi diu la tai san chung, nhung can phdi thay Luat Hdn nhdn vd Gia dinh nam 1959 da quy djnh tdi sdn dugc coi Id tdi sdn chung thi nd phdi thda man yfiu td "co" tru&c vd sau cudi Yeu td "cd" dugc hifiu la da thugc quyen sd hiiu, quyfin sii dyng ddt cua mdt hay cd hai bfin vg vd chdng Luat khdng quy djnh vfi trudng hgp tai sdn cd thfi cd (ciia vg hay chong- mdi d dang khd nang) cung Id tai sdn chung vg chong Ndi khac di, lugt khdng quy dinh tdi sdn cd the cd frong tuong lai Id tdi san chung cua vg chdng, md chi xdc dinh tai sdn dd la tdi sdn chung ciia vg chdng tai san dd da "hipn huu" thugc quyen ldm chii (thfi hifin quyfin nang ciia chu sd huu) ciia vg hay chdng thi mdi thude tdi sdn chung-' Trong quan he thua ke thi khdc, mgt quan he thira ke md ra, nhimg ngudi ttong difin thira kfi mdi chi ed "cdi" dugc ggi Id: "Quyen hudng di sdn thua kfi" ddi vdi di sdn, hay mdt phdn di sdn Cd quyfin hudng di sdn thiia kfi thi ngudi thira ke mdi chi cd khd nang Ud thdnh chu sd huu tdi sdn thugc di san dd Ngudi cd quyfin hudng di sdn thira ke chua ed quyen sd huu tai sdn thugc di sdn hay sd huu mgt phdn tdi sdn thugc di sdn Mudn Ud thdnh ehii sd hiru tdi sdn thugc di sdn hay mgt phan tai san thugc di sdn can phdi thda man mgt so yeu to, dd la ngudi thiia kfi khdng bi tnidt quyen hudng di sdn, cdc ngudi thua kfi khdng cd Uanh chap va cimg xdc djnh sd hiru chung ddi vdi tdi sdn thugc di sdn hogc ty phan chia di san Chi tu thdi diem cdc thira kl thda thudn di san la tdi san chung hogc viec phan chia di sdn cho moi thira ke da thyc hien xong thi di sdn dd hay mgt phan di san dd mdi thugc sd hiiu cua cdc thira ke hay cua mdi thira ke Khoi tdi sdn dd dugc chuyin tu quan he phdp Iuat thira kfi quan he phdp ludt sd hihi (dd la xet dudi gdc bdn chat, cdn ddi vdi nhung tdi sdn phdi dang ky nhu quyfin su dyng dat, quyfin sd hiiu nhd, dat , chi iNha nudc cap } Tu hien huu va lam chii ma tac gia dung se dupe hieu mpt each tuong doi, phan anh tinh thyc te Vi du, mpt ngudi gay thiet hai ve tai san cila mpt c$p vp chong, tiic lam mat di mpt luong tai san ciia hp, dii tai thdi diem ngudi vp (hay chong) chfit van chua dupe ngudi gay thiet hai boi thudng, chi sau mpt ben vp hay chong chet ngudi gay thi?t hai mdi boi thudng thi phan boi thudng vin la tai san chung vp chong - vific boi thudng chi la "khoi phuc" lai cai vp chong da co, nfin van thupc mpt phan di san cua ben da chet M NHA NUdc VA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020 giay chiing nhan quyen sir dyng ddt, quyfin sd hiru cho tdi sdn dd thi tir thdi difim dd quyen sd huu mdi dugc xdc lap Ugn vpn) Trudng hgp cd tranh chdp vd cdn thai hieu thira kfi thi chi phan quyet phan chia di san cd hipu lye, cac tai san cua khdi di sdn dd mdi thugc quyfin sd hiiu cua cdc thua kfi theo phdn quyfit Trudng hgp hfit thdi hieu khdi kipn mdi yeu cdu chia thua ke vd thdi diem Bg lugt Dan sy nam 2005 cdn hieu luc thi cac thua ke ciing khdng duang nhifin dugc hudng di san; hogc thdi difim Bg luat Dan sy nam 2015 cd hipu lyc md ngudi dang chiem hiiu di sdn dfi ngh) ca quan tdi phdn xem xet ve thdi hipu thi ngudi cd quyfin hudng di sdn thua kfi ma khdng quan ly di sdn d thdi difim hfit thdi hieu khdi kifin ciing se khdng bao gid Ud thdnh chii sd huu ddi vdi tai sdn thugc di san hay mgt phan di san thira ke Binh lugn ndi ttfin eho phep nit rang, thdi difim Bfi lugt Dan sy nam 2005 ttd vfi trudc tir thdi difim md thira kfi, quan he phdp ludt thiia kfi xudt hipn, khdi tai san ngudi chet de Igi ud thdnh di sdn ciia ngudi chfit de lgi (dugc ggi Id di sdn thira kfi, thugc quan he phap luat thira ke), chii khdng ducmg nhifin frd sd huu cua nhiing ngudi thira kfi hay ciia ngucri dang chiem hiru thye te di sdn"* Tuy nhien, vdi ngi dung dugc neu Uong Quyfit djnh gidm ddc tham thi tir thdi difim md thira kfi mdt phan di sdn ciia cy Hung da Id tdi sdn cua dng Trdi, thugc •* Trudc thdi diem Bp luat Dan su nam 2015 co hieu lyc, khong it ngudi cho rang, het thdi hieu khdi kien thi di san thupc sd hihi ciia cac thiia kfi hoae ciia ngudi dang chiem hiiu di san Trong so nhimg ngudi CO y kien nhu tac gia vira neu da viet, dang trfin tap chi Ban dpc cd the tham khao bai viet tai Tap chi Toa an s6 nam 2003, tr 20 70 quyen sd hiru ciia vg chdng dng Trdi urcmg ling vdi ky phan dng Trdi dugc hudng Neu khdng xdc djnh ±di dilm hmh thdnh tdi sdn chung vg chong (tuang Omg vdi ky phdn ciia dng Trai) td md thira kl thi xdc djnh thdi difim hinh thdnh tdi sdn chung vg chdng vdo thdi difim nao? Se khdng cd lya chgn khde ngodi thdi dilm md thua kfi va nfiu khdng thugc quyfin sd hiiu cua dng Trdi (cung vdi vg dng, nhu ttong Quyet djnh) thi tai ttong Quyfit djnh gidm ddc tham lgi vifit: "Phin tai sdn dng Trdi dugc hu&ng cua cy Hung Id tdi sdn chung ciia vg chong dng Trdi, bd Tu Ba Tu ehit nam 1980" Nhu vay, ba Tu (vg dng Trdi) chfit trudc chia di sdn thua kfi cy Hung dfi Igi, nhung nghifim nhifin bd Tu da cd quyen sd hiiu chung doi vdi phdn di sdn md dng Trdi (se dugc huomg) dii den van chua phan chia xong? Tac gia cho rang, trudc thdi difim phdn quyet eiia ca quan cd tham quyin dugc ban hanh va cd hipu lyc thi chinh cac thua ke cung ehua biet ehinh xac minh dugc sd hihi tdi sdn, phan tdi sdn cg the ndo Do do, ngi dung ndy duge cdng nhgn Id dn Ip se phdt sinh rat nhifiu he luy, ldm rdi logn mgt so nguyfin ly dan sy tir quyin ty djnh dogt cua ngudi hudng di san thira kfi, ve thdi hieu thira ke, vfi quyen khoi kipn yeu cdu chia thira kfi ciia nhiing ngudi ddu, rfi ddi vdi phan di san cua bd mp vg, bo me chdng, vfi thira ke the vi, ve xac djnh quan he phap Iuat Uanh chap (tac gid se ldm rd ban ngi dung d phdn binh ludn ngi dung an lfi) b) Quylt djnh gidm ddc thdm da cho ring: "Chj Phugng khdng yeu cdu xem xet cdng siic vi chi Phugng cho rdng vu dn dd hit th&i hi?u chia thica ki, khdng ddng y trd nhd ddt cho cdc thira ke" BINH L i 'A\ KHOA HQC Neu hd so cd dii can cii kfit ludn Id: "Chj Phugng khong yeu cdu xem xet cdng siic", thi dii vipc "chi Phugng khdng yeu edu xem xfit cdng sire" bat kfi vi Iy gi (vi gia trj it nfin khdng yfiu cau, hogc gid tri nhieu nhung khong mudn lay, tir bd quyen lgi, da ndi rd khdng yeu cau ) Day Id quyen ty djnh dogt cua ducmg sy duge quy djnh tgi Difiu cua Bg ludt Td tung Dan sy nam 2004, Bg ludt Td tyng Dan sy nam 2015 vd Dilu Bd lugt Dan sy nam 1995, Dilu Bg lugt Dan sy nam 2005, Difiu 3, Dilu Bg ludt Dan sy nam 2015 Do dd, vipc tda dn cap so tham, phiic tham khong xem xet, gidi quyet cdng siic cua chi Phugng la diing Tuy nhien, vdi Iy gidi sau tir "vi " Uong Quyfit djnh gidm ddc tham cd le phdi gidi thich vipc sd dung cym tir "chj Phugng khdng yeu cau xem xet cdng siic" la khdng chlnh xdc so vdi dien bien thyc tl cua vy vipc, dugc thfi hipn frong cdc tdi lipu chiing cii da thu thgp Uong hd so vy ttanh chap Tgi phdn ngi dung vy dn khdng thdy the hipn chj Phugng tu bd quyen lgi ndy, nen tdc gid cho rang, khdng phdi Id "chj Phugng khong yiu cdu xem xfit cdng siic " ma hifiu bifit phdp Iuat cdn hgn chl, chj chua trinh bay day du, rd rdng ve cac van de, nhung tda dn hai cap khdng hdi, khdng ldm rd chj Phugng cd yeu cau gidi quylt hay khdng vd yfiu edu ve van de ndy nhu thi ndo Viec tda an chua hdi, duong sy (chi Phugng) chua trinh bdy, hay ndi ngan ggn Id tda dn chira lam ro chj Phugng tir bd quyfin lgi hay cd yfiu cau gidi quyet hogc chua yeu cau gidi quyfit (vfi cdng siic) thi khdng dugc cho rang "chj Phugng khong yeu cau xem xet cdng siic" Theo quy dinh ciia Bd ludt Td tyng Dan sy nam 2004 (sua ddi, bd sung nam 2011) vd Bg lugt Td tung Dan su nam 2015, thdm phan phdi lay ldi khai ciia duang sy bdn khai chua ddy du, ro rdng^; phdi yfiu ciu duang sy eung cap tai lieu chiing cii; thdm phdn cd the tifin hdnh mdt sd bipn phdp de thu thgp tai lipu, chiing eii^ Ve td tyng tai phifin tda, ca hai BO luat Td tyng Dan sy ciing cd quy djnh ddnh cho Hdi ddng xet xu ldm rd nhung vdn de ho so chua rd, cdc ben trinh bdy chua rd rdng Ben egnh dd, tham phan cd trdch nhi^m hudng ddn, giai thich phap luat (Uong vy an trudc tifin Id Bfi lugt Td tyng Ddn sy, Bg luat Ddn sy) cho ducmg sy bifit dfi hg thyc hipn quyen, nghTa vy Bg lugt quy djnh Cd thfi chi Phugng chua hieu rd quy dinh eiia Bg lugt Dan sy, Bg lugt Td tyng Dan sy, nfin chua trinh bay hfit, chua nfiu rd nhung van dfi lifin quan dfin lgi ich ciia minh can dugc tda an giai quyet, md chi tap trung vdo van dfi thdi hipu; thdm phdn, Hdi ddng xet xu so thdm, Hgi ddng xet xii phiic thdm ehua lam tdt vai ttd ciia minh theo quy djnh tgi cdc Bd ludt, dan dfin hd sa chua dii tai lieu, chiing cii dfi dua phdn quyfit phu hgp Cd thfi khang djnh sai sdt ndi tten Id sai lam nghifim ttgng vfi td tyng, vfi luat ndi dung Id CO sd cho khang nghi vd xet xtr giam ddc tham (vfi khia canh vi pham td tung), cdn ca sd cho viec khdng nghi, xet xii vfi ndi dung chinh la cdng siic qudn ly, chi phi siia chiia ciia chi Phugng Quyfin lgi * Dieu 86 Bp luat To tung Dan sy nam 2004 (siia doi, bo sung nam 2011); Dieu 98 Bp Iuat To tyng Dan sy nam 2015 * Difiu 85, Difiu 173 Bp luat To tyng Dan sy nam 2004 (sua doi, bo sung nam 2011); Dieu 97, Difiu 198 Bp Iuat T6 tyng Dan sy nam 2015 71 NHA NUdc VA PHAP LVATSd 7/2020 ciia chi Phugng chua dugc tda thu thap tdi lipu, chiing cir xem xet, gidi quyfit Nhu vgy, le frong Quyfit dinh khdng nghi va Quyfit djnh gidm ddc thim it nhat phdi chi rd hai can cii ndi tren thi sfi phu hgp vdi thyc tfi vd quy djnh cua phap ludt c) Theo Quyfit djnh gidm ddc tham thi: " Chj Phugng cho rang vy dn da hit th&i hipi chia thira kfi, khdng ddng y trd nhd ddt cho cac thira kfi Nhu vay, yfiu cau cua chi Phugng di nghj xdc dinh quyin lgi Id l&n hgn yeu cdu xem xet ve cdng sue, nhung Tda dn cap so tham, phiic thdm chua xem xfit cdng siic cho chj Phugng Id gidi quyfit chua tript dfi yfiu cau cua ducmg sy" Theo tdc gid, cdch tifip can ndy ciia Quylt djnh gidm ddc tham Id chua hgp ly, nfiu khdng mudn ndi Id khifin cudng d phdn ddu eiia dn Ip cho rang: "Quy dinh cua phdp lu^t Uen quan den dn I^: Khodn Diiu vd Diiu 218 cua Bg ludt Td tung Ddn su ndm 2004" Co sd eho kfit ludn Ufin: Mgt la, vfi vin dfi ty djnh dogt tdc gid da binh ludn d difim b tifiu myc 2.2 Chi Phugng khdng phdi nguyen dan nfin tdc gia khdng binh ludn ve phgm vi khdi kipn Vdn dl hit thdi hipu ma chj Phugng nfiu khdng phdi thugc ndi hdm ciia khdi niem phdn td md chi Id phdn ddi yfiu cau khdi kipn chia thira kfi, khdng mudn vu kifin chia thira kl difin ra, nen ciing khdng lifin quan dfin pham vi khdi kifin; dd, khdng lifin quan dfin Dilu 218 Bg luat Td tyng Dan su nam 2004 (sira ddi, bd sung nam 2011) Hai Id, d thdi difim khdi kifin va gidi quyfit tranh chap thi Bg Iuat Dan sy nam 2005, Bd ludt Td tiing Ddn sy nam 2004 (siia ddi, bd sung nam 2011) dang cd hipu lyc Trong hai Bg lugt ndy khdng quy djnh 72 hfit thdi hipu khdi kipn vl thua ke thi di sdn thugc vl (khdc vdi quy djnh tgi Dieu 623 Bg lugt dan sy nam 2015), \a ciing chua cd quy djnh ca quan giai quyfit tranh chip chi xem xfit thdi hipu cd yfiu ciu nhu quy djnh tai khodn Dilu 149 Bg lugt Dan sy nam 2015 Vi vgy, du cd hit thdi hifiu khdi kipn vl thiia kl, theo quy dinh cua Bg ludt Dan sy 2005, chj Phugng ciing khong cd quyfin Igi gi doi vdi khdi di san het thdi hipu, tni edng siic bdo qudn, tti vd chi phi siia chiia, tdn tgo di sdn (tae gid se lam ro thfim nOi dung dudi ddy), nen khdng hinh thdnh moi tuang quan vfi quyfin Igi tdi sdn - dd Id so lugng tdi sdn "hay gid trj tdi sdn" chj se dugc hay se mat hfit thdi hipu de so sdnh Id "Idn" hay "nhd" Theo quy djnh cua Bg Iuat Dan sy (nam 1995, nam 2005, nam 2015), doi vdi cong siic bdo qudn di sdn, ehi phi sira chiia cua chj Phugng, vipc cdn thdi hi^u hay hfit thdi hipu khdi kipn chia thira kfi md chj Phugng yfiu cau tda dn xem xet vfi cong siic bdo qudn di sdn, chi phi sua chiia thi tda dn deu phdi xem xet Dii thdi hifiu khdi kipn chia thira kfi da het thi cdng sire bdo qudn, chi phi sira chira ciing khdng bj hit thdi hipu, tda an khdng xem xfit, giai quylt cd yeu cau Id sai, vi phgm quyin dan sy, quyfin td tyng dan sy ciia duong sy dugc quy djnh Bg Iuat Ddn sy, Bg lugt Td tyng Ddn sy Trudng hgp chj Phugng tir bd quyfin Igi, khdng yfiu ciu gidi quyfit ve cdng sire bdo qudn di sdn, chi phi siia chira thi Tda khdng xem xet [Difiu Bd ludt Td tyng Dan sy nam 2004 (siia ddi, bd sung nam 2011)] Tir cdc phdn tich, binh lugn ndi ttfin ed thfi thdy, khdng hmh mdi quan hp BiNHLVANKHOA HQC "Idn" vd "nhd" ve quyen Igi chj Phugng dua vin de hit thdi hipu nhu Quyet dinh gidm ddc ±am nfiu va dugc chgn la dnlp Ba Id, theo quy djnh cua Bg Iuat Dan sy ndm 2005 vd Bg lugt To tyng Dan sy nam 2004 (sira ddi, bo sung nam 2011), dii hfit thdi hipu yfiu ciu chia thua ke md tit cd cdc thira kfi khfing cd Uanh chip vfi thua kfi, Cling thong nhat vd khdi kifin ddi tdi sdn ngudi khdng thugc dien duge huong di sdn thiia ke (chj Phugng thugc truong hgp ndy - chj khdng phdi thugc hdng thiia kl thii nhat - khdng duge hudng thiia kfi) dang chiem hiiu, qudn Iy thi tda an phdi thy \