NGHIÊN CỨU ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆN TRẠNG Ị QUẦN LÝ RÁC THẢI TẠI TP PLÊIKU VÀ ĐÈ XUẤT CÁC GIẢI PHÁP NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC QUẦN LÝ

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁN CÔNG TÔN ĐỨC THẮNG KHOA MÔI TRƯỜNG & BẢO HỘ LAO ĐỘNG NGÀNH: MÔI TRƯỜNG LUẬN VĂN TỐT NGHIỆP ĐỀ TÀI: NGHIÊN CỨU ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆN TRẠNG QUẢN LÝ RÁC THẢI TẠI THÀNH PHỐ PLÊIKU VÀ ĐỀ XUẤT CÁC GIẢI PHÁP NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC QUẢN LÝ SVTH : PHẠM HỮU KHANG MSSV : 610099B LỚP : 06MT1N GVHD : Th.s Nguyễn Thuý Lan Chi TP HỒ CHÍ MINH: THÁNG 1/2007 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁN CƠNG TÔN ĐỨC THẮNG KHOA MÔI TRƯỜNG & BẢO HỘ LAO ĐỘNG NGÀNH: MÔI TRƯỜNG LUẬN VĂN TỐT NGHIỆP ĐỀ TÀI: NGHIÊN CỨU ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆN TRẠNG QUẢN LÝ RÁC THẢI TẠI THÀNH PHỐ PLÊIKU VÀ ĐỀ XUẤT CÁC GIẢI PHÁP NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC QUẢN LÝ SVTH : PHẠM HỮU KHANG MSSV : 610099B LỚP : 06MT1N Ngày giao nhiệm vụ luận văn: Ngày hoàn thành luận văn: TPHCM, Ngày tháng năm Giáo viên hướng dẫn NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIÁO VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN Lời cảm ơn Trong suốt trình học tập đặt biệt thời gian thực tập làm luận án tốt nghiệp, em nhận bảo, giúp đỡ hướng dẫn nhiệt tình q thấy cơcũng anh, chị tronh khoaMôi Trường Bảo Hộ Lao Động Trường ĐHBC Tôn Đức Thắng Em chân thành cảm ơn Thầy Nguyễn Việt Thắng giáo viên chủ nhiệm lớp 06MT1N Cảm ơn Thầy cô trực tiếp giảng dạy học quí giá cung cấp cho em đầy đủ kiến thức vững vàng để làm luận văn tốt nghiệp làm việc sau hki trường Em xin gửi lời tri ân sâu sắc tới cô Nguyễn Thuý Lan Chi trực tiếp hướng dẫn em hoán thành luận án tốt nghiệp Cũng em cảm ơn tới anh, chị đội vệ sinh mơi trường thuộc phịng chất thải rắn quản lý Sở KHCN Cty MT&ĐT thành phố Plêiku giúp đỡ em nhiều qúa trình thực tế, thu thập số liệu cần thiết để em hồn thành nhiệm vụ thời hạn giao Lời cảm ơn Nhận xét giáo viên hướng dẫn MỤC LỤC Tên Mục trang Số Danh sách bảng ··············································································· Danh sách hình ··············································································· Các chữ viết tắt ················································································ Chương 1: GIỚI THIỆU CHUNG 1.1 Sự cần thiết đề tài ·································································· 1.2 Mục tiêu, nội dung phạm vi nghiên cứu ········································· 1.2.1 Mục Tiêu nghiên cứu ···························································· 1.2.2 Phạm Vi Nghiên Cứu ··························································· 1.2.3 Nội dung nghiên cứu ···························································· 1.3 Phương pháp nghiên cứu ······························································· 1.3.1 Phương pháp thu thập số liệu ················································ 1.3.2 Phương pháp thống kê ························································· 1.3.3 Phương pháp khảo sát thực tế ················································ 1.3.4 Phương pháp phân tích đánh giá ··········································· 1.3.5 Phương pháp chuyên gia ······················································· Chương 2: TỔNG QUAN VỀ THÀNH PHỐ PLÊIKU 2.1 Những nét khái quát chung ·························································· 10 2.1.1 Vị trí địa lí ······································································· 10 2.1.2 Địa hình, Địa mao ······························································ 10 2.1.3 Khí hậu ··········································································· 10 2.1.4 Thuỷ văn ········································································· 11 2.1.5 Đất đai thổ nhưỡng ···························································· 11 2.1.6 Thực vật ········································································ 12 2.1.7 Nhận xét chung ································································ 12 2.2 Điều kiện kinh tế xã hội cuả Thành Phố Plêiku ································· 13 2.2.1 Thực trạng phát triển kinh tế Thành Phố Plêiku ················· 13 2.2.2 Dân số lao động việc làm ················································· 13 2.2.3 Giáo dục ········································································· 14 2.2.4 Cơng trình kĩ thuật thị ···················································· 14 2.2.4.1 Mạng lưới giao thông ··················································· 14 2.2.4.2 Cấp nước đô thị ·························································· 14 2.2.4.3 Thốt nước xử lí nước thải đô thị ································ 15 2.2.4.4 Nhà đô thị ······························································ 15 2.2.4.5 Cây xanh hệ thống chiếu sáng thị ···························· 15 Đơ thị hố vấn đề môi trường thành phố Plêiku ·························· 15-16 Chương 3: TỔNG QUAN VỀ CHẤT THẢI RẮN 3.1 Giới thiệu chung chất thải rắn ·················································· 17 3.1.1 Định nghĩa ····································································· 17-18 3.1.2 Nguồn phát sinh ······························································ 18-19 3.2 Hệ thống quản lí chất thải rắn ····················································· 19 3.2.1 Vai trò khối lượng chất thải rắn ····································· 19-20 3.2.2 Phân loại, chứa xử lý sơn nguồn ······························ 20-21 3.2.3 Thu gom chất thải rắn sinh hoạt ·········································· 21-23 3.2.4 Hệ thống trung chuyển vận chuyển ·································· 23-26 3.2.5 Lựa chọn chất thải rắn đầu vào cho sản xuất phân compost ········· 26 3.2.5.1 Trường hợp có phân loại chất thải rắn nguồn ··············· 26-27 3.2.5.2 Trường hợp chưa có phân loại rác nguồn ······················ 27 3.2.6 Bãi chôn lấp ···································································· 27 3.2.6.1 Phân loại bãi chôn lấp ················································· 27-28 3.2.6.2 Các loại bãi chôn lấp ···················································· 28 3.2.6.3 Bãi chôn lấp chất thải rắn sinh hoạt hỗn hợp ····················· 28 3.2,6.4 Bãi chôn lấp chất thải rắn nghiền ······························ 28-29 3.2.6.5 Bãi chôn lấp thành phần chất thải riêng biệt ············ 29 3.2.6.6 Lựa chọn vị trí bãi chơn lấp ········································· 29 3.2.6.7 Q trình hình thành khí bãi chơn lấp···························· 29-31 3.2.6.8 Q trình hình thành nước rị rỉ ···································· 31 3.3 Chiến lược quản lí chất thải rắn Việt Nam ····································· 31 3.3.1 Đường lối chiến lựơc ························································ 31-32 3.3.2 Chính sách quản lý chất thải rắn ········································· 32-33 Chương 4: TÌNH HÌNH QUẢN LÍ CHẤT THẢI RẮN Ở TP PLÊIKU Nguồn gốc phát sinh ·································································· 34 4.1.1 Chất thải rắn sinh hoạt ······················································· 34 4.1.2 Chất thải rắn công nghiệp –Tiểu thủ công nghiệp ····················· 34-35 4.1.3 Chất thải bệnh viện ···························································· 35 4.2 Khối lượng tính chất ···························································· 35-41 4.3 Tình hình quản lí chung ,thu gom vận chuyển chất thải rắn ················· 42 4.3.1 Tình hình quản lí chung ···················································· 42-44 4.3.2 Thu gom vận chuyển chất thải rắn ······································· 44-48 4.4 Tình hình xử lý, tái sinh, tái chế TP Plêiku ···································· 48 4.4.1 Tái sinh, tái chế ································································· 48 4.4.2 Xử lý ············································································ 48 Chương 4: TÌNH HÌNH Ô NHIỄM MÔI TRƯỜNG TẠI BCL RÁC THẢI TP PLÊIKU 5.1 Giới thiệu chung Bãi Chôn Lấp rác TP Plêiku ······························· 49 5.1.1 Vị trí ·············································································· 49 5.1.2 Thời gian hoạt động ··························································· 49 5.1.3 Diện tích khả chứa rác ············································· 49 5.1.4 Hiện trạng môi trường khu vực BCL ································ 49-50 5.2 Đánh giá ảnh hưởng BCL đến môi trường khu vực ··············· 50 5.2.1 Kết khảo sát ···························································· 50-53 5.2.2 Kết luận bãi chôn lấp CTR Thành phố Plêiku ··················· 53-55 5.2.3 Đánh gía chung ······························································ 55-56 Chương 6: ĐỀ XUẤT KẾ HOẠCH NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC& HIỆU QUẢ QUẢN LÝ CHẤT THẢI RẮN TP PLÊIKU 6.1 Các vấn đề tồn ······································································ 57 6.1.1 Các vấn đề tồn định hướng lâu dài ································· 57 6.1.2 Các vấn đề tồn trước mắt ················································ 57 6.1.2.1 Nguồn phát sinh ························································· 57 6.1.2.2 Thu gom ··································································· 57 6.1.2.3 Vận chuyển ······························································· 58 6.1.2.4 Xử lý ······································································· 58 6.1.2.5 Bãi chôn lấp ······························································· 58 6.2 Kế hoạch nâng cao hiệu hệ thống quản lý chất thải rắn TP Pleiku ···· 58 6.2.1 Kế hoạch/qui hoạch tổng thể dài hạn ······································ 58 6.2.2 Kế hoạch ngắn hạn (Trước Mắt ) ·········································· 58 6.2.3 Các vấn đề cần thực năm 2007 ······················· 58-69 Chương 7: KẾT LUẬN VÀ KIẾN NGHỊ 7.1 Kết luận ·············································································· 70 7.2 Kiến nghị ············································································· 71 Tài liệu tham khảo ······················································ 72 Phụ lục ································································ 73-111 Danh sách bảng STT TÊN BẢNG SỐ TRANG Bảng 2.1 Cơ cấu loại đất Thành phố Plêiku 11 Bảng 3.1 Các loại bãi chôn lấp 27 Bảng 4.1 Khối lượng chất thải rắn sinh hoạt TP năm 36 Bảng 4.2 Thành phần chất thải rắn TP Piêku 37 Bảng 4.3 Khối lượng riêng thành phần rác thải 38 Bảng 4.4 Chất thải rắn bệnh viện Thành Phố Pliêku 39 Bảng 4.5 Thành phần chất thải rắn y tế TP Pliêku 39 Bảng 4.6 Khối chất thẩi rắn công nghiệp TP Pliêku 40 Bảng 4.7 Thành phần chất thải rắn công nghiệp 40 Bảng 4.8 Tổng hợp hoạt động đội VSMT (tháng 5/2006) 42 Bảng 4.9 Biển số xe vận chuyển, thu gom thể tích tương ứng 43 Bảng 5.1 Kết phân tích khí độc 51 Bảng 5.2 Kết phân tích tiêu nước thải 51 Bảng 5.3 Kết phân tích tiêu vi sinh vật nước thải BCL 52 Bảng 5.4 Kết phân tích tiêu mẫu đất nhiễm bẩn BCL 52 Bảng 5.5 Kết phân loại rác bãi rác 52 Bảng 6.1 Kế hoạch/qui hoạch tổng thể nâng cao lực quản lý chất 61 Bảng 6.2 Kế hoạch/ qui hoạch tổng thể nâng cao lực quản lý chất 62 thải rắn Thành Phố Plêiku Bảng 6.3 Kế hoạch ngắn hạn 63 Bảng 6.4 Kế hoạch ngắn hạn 64 Bảng 6.5 Kế hoạch ngắn hạn 65 DANH S ÁCH HÌNH STT T ÊN H ÌNH S Ố TRANG Hình 4.1: Hệ thống thu gom vận chuyển, xử lý chất thải rắn 45 Hình 4.2: Sơ đồ tổng quát hệ thống quản lý CTR thị Plêiku 46 Hình 4.3: Sơ đồ tổng quát hệ thống quản lý CTR y tế Plêiku 47 Hình 6.1: Sơ đồ tái chế nguồn chất thải hữu làm phân hữu vi sinh 69 4.TCVN 5943 – 1995: Giá trị giới hạn cho phép thông số nồng độ chất ô nhiễm nước biển ven bờ Giá trị giới hạn TT Thông số Đơn vị Bãi tắm Nuôi thuỷ sản Các nơi khác oC 30 - - Nhiệt độ Mùi khơng khó chịu - - pH 6,5 đến 8,5 6,5 đến 8,5 6,5 đến 8,5 Oxy hoà tan mg/l >4 >5 >4 BOD5 (20oC) mg/l