RELEVANT TOPICS IN EATING DISORDERS Edited by Ignacio Jáuregui-Lobera Relevant Topics in Eating Disorders Edited by Ignacio Jáuregui-Lobera Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Dragana Manestar Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published February, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Relevant Topics in Eating Disorders, Edited by Ignacio Jáuregui-Lobera p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0001-0 Contents Preface IX Part 1 General Topics, Concepts 1 Chapter 1 The Epidemic of Anorexia Nervosa: Myth or Reality? 3 Sandra Torres, Marina Guerra, Filipa Vieira, Kylee Miller, António Roma-Torres and Isabel Brandão Chapter 2 Key Variables in the Development of Eating Disorders During the Adolescence: Implications for Sex Differences 31 Pilar Ramos, Francisco Rivera and Carmen Moreno Part 2 Etiopathogenic Factors 45 Chapter 3 Westernization: The Role of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disorders 47 Ana R. Sepúlveda and María Calado Chapter 4 Biological Gender, Sexual Orientation and Gender Role in Eating Disorders 65 Paolo Cotrufo, Mara Iannaccone and Stefania Cella Chapter 5 Risk of Eating Disorders and Physical Self-Concept in Adolescence 83 Arantzazu Rodríguez-Fernández and Alfredo Goñi Chapter 6 Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Peptides in Restrictive Type of Anorexia Nervosa 119 Małgorzata Janas-Kozik, Małgorzata Stachowicz, Adam Janas, Ireneusz Jelonek, Krzysztof Krysta and Irena Krupka-Matuszczyk Part 3 Clinical Facets of Eating Disorders 131 Chapter 7 Self Injurious Behavior in Adolescent Girls with Eating Disorders 133 S. Ohmann and C. Popow VI Contents Chapter 8 Neuropsychology of Bulimia Nervosa: New Findings 163 Esteban Jaime Camacho Ruiz, María del Consuelo Escoto Ponce de León, Juan Manuel Mancilla Díaz, Karina Franco Paredes and Felipe de Jesús Díaz Resendiz Chapter 9 Cardiovascular Complications in Eating Disorders 187 Beatriz Jáuregui Garrido and Ignacio Jáuregui Lobera Chapter 10 The Relationship with Food in Eating Disorders 207 Arlene Leite Nunes Part 4 Treatment and Prevention of Eating Disorders 229 Chapter 11 Eating Disorders Treatment: An Integrative Model by Means of Narrative Counseling, Motivational Interviewing, and Traditional Approaches 231 Moria Golan Chapter 12 Treatments for Eating Disorders: The Patients' Views 253 Tatiana Escobar-Koch, Claudia Cruzat Mandich and Ramón Florenzano Urzúa Chapter 13 Towards a Comprehensive Model of Recovery 269 Jan H. Rosenvinge and Gunn Pettersen Chapter 14 Prevention of Eating Disorders: A Review 293 Ashley M. Kroon Van Diest and Marisol Perez Part 5 Nutritional Issues 319 Chapter 15 Nutritional Evaluation of Eating Disorders 321 Ruiz Prieto Inmaculada Chapter 16 Nutritional Treatment in Eating Disorders 357 Patricia Bolaños Ríos Chapter 17 Enteral Nutrition as a Life-Saving Treatment in Patients with Severe Anorexia Nervosa 383 Maria Gabriella Gentile Preface Eating disorders are common, frequently severe, and often devastating pathologies. Biological, psychological, and social factors are usually involved in these disorders in both the aetiopathogeny and the course of disease. Besides the patients, families are also disturbed by the disorder. Among sociocultural aspects, the figures from epidemiological studies need to be revised as well as the gender topics. What are the key variables in the development of eating disorders? Age, gender, biological factors, specific types of personality, westernization, physical activity, etc., could be some adequate answers, but the interaction among those possible variables might better explain the problem of the development of each particular eating disorder. This book includes different studies about the core concepts of eating disorders, from general topics to some different modalities of treatment. Sandra Torres et al. give us a complete overview of epidemiological data, which has yielded conflicting findings and interpretations. The chapter by Pilar Ramos et al. brings the main points about the pernicious pattern established among weight, image, and body control during adolescence as key variables in the development of eating disorders. The role of some psychosocial factors as well as the role of some biological influences is explained by Ana Sepúlveda & María Calado, Paolo Cotrufo et al., Arantzazu Rodríguez-Fernández & Alfredo Goñi, and Janas-Kozik, respectively. These chapters are a good framework on some etiopathogenic elements involved in eating disorders. A very relevant part of this book highlights some clinical and therapeutic issues from both psychosocial and biological points of view. Thus, the need of training programs focused on emotion regulation skills (Ohmann & Popow), the neuropsychology of eating disorders (Camacho Ruiz et al.), the relationship with food in eating disorders (Arlene Leite Nunes) and the cardiovascular complications in eating disorders (Jáuregui-Garrido & Jáuregui-Lobera) are relevant clinical facets of eating disorders. With respect to the treatment, Moria Golan, Escobar-Koch et al., Rosenvinge & Pettersen, and Kroon Van Diest & Perez, summarize such important fields as an integrative model of treatment, the patients’ point of view, a comprehensive model of recovery, and some ideas about prevention. The book ends with the relevant topic of nutrition in eating disorders. The nutritional evaluation of eating disorders (Inmaculada Ruiz Prieto) is followed by nutritional X Preface treatment (Patricia Bolaños Ríos). Both chapters include some new technologies in order to improve the nutritional management of these disorders as well as the nutritional education focused on the patients and the families. Finally, the chapter of enteral nutrition as a life-saving treatment is developed by Maria Gabriella Gentile. Professionals such as psychologists, nurses, doctors, and nutritionists, among others, may be interested in this book. Ignacio Jáuregui-Lobera Pablo de Olavide University and Institute of Behavioral Science Dr. Jauregui SCP, Seville, Spain . RELEVANT TOPICS IN EATING DISORDERS Edited by Ignacio Jáuregui-Lobera Relevant Topics in Eating Disorders Edited by Ignacio Jáuregui-Lobera. Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Relevant Topics in Eating Disorders, Edited by Ignacio Jáuregui-Lobera p. cm. ISBN