Đánh giá sàng lọc nhân cách học sinh trung học cơ sở bằng bảng kiểm PIV

DANH GIA SANG LOG NHAN GAGH HpG SINH TRUNG HOG CO SO BANG BANG KIEM PIY TS Nguyen Oic Son Trudng khoa Khoa Tdm ly • Gido due, Trudng Dgi hgc Su phgm Hd Ngi I TOM TAT Tie'n hdnh ddnh gid sdng Igc nhdn cdch hgc sinh Irung hgc ca sd bdng bdng kiem PIY (Personality Inventory for Youth - hdng kiem ke nhdn cdch ddnh cho lhanh thie'u nien) cho thdy, Idp hgc cd mol so hgc sinh cd nhimg bieu hien cdn quan ldm lien quan den khd khdn nhdn thilc vd hgc tap, khd ndng kiem chd xiic cdm vd hdnh vi kem, cdc vdn de rdi logn chile ndng gia dinh vd quan he gia dinh khdng thudn Igi, cdc xitc cdm lieu cue vd cpian he bgn hi; khdng thda mdn Ddc biet cd irudng hop rdt cdn dugc liep Inc chdn dodn ldm sdng sdu han de cd cdc chuang trinh can thiep phil hgp Phdt hien dugc nhiing hgc sinh cd cdc ddu hien ddc biet, nhd tdm ly hgc Irudng hgc cd the dinh hudng cdc tdc dgng can thiep liep theo Ti khoa: Ddnh gid nhdn cdch hgc sinh: Bdng kiem ke nhdn edeh lhanh thie'u nien: Thang cdc van de gia dinh: Thang hdnh vi bgt phdt: Ldm sdng Ngdy nhdn bdi: 17/12/2012; Ngdy duyel ddng bdi: 25/2/2013 Dat van dd Danh gii nhan each cua hpc sinh la vin dd dugc quan tam t i lau Tam ly hoc, dac biet la Tim ly hpc tru&ng hoc vi Tam ly hoc lim sing Ket qui eiia cac dinh gia nhan each dupe s i dung mdt cich ra't httu Ich tham vin In lieu va giio due hpc sinh Ngiy nay, cic muc tieu co bin cua viec dinh gia nhan each dugc md rdng: khdng ehi ding liji p viee nhan bie't, phan loai cac dac didm nhan each cia hpc sinh dd cd cp sd lya chpn cac bien phap va hinh thic giio due mi ed thd tidn hanh td chie cic hoiit ddng phong ngia vi ngin chin mdt sd hanh vi tidu cue cd thd miy sinh d hpc sinh V6i tu tudng dd, dinh gia nhan each, cac nhi nghien ciu cd thd hudng Idi nhidu muc ueu nhu danh gia sing loc, diinh gia chin doin, danh gii dip ung trj lieu bang cich s i dung nhidu edng cu khic Trong dd PIY Personality Inventory for Youth (bing kidm ke nhin cich danh cho thie'u nien) la 38 TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd (168), - 2013 mdt edng cu mdi Si dung cdng cu cd thd danh gia eac dac diem eo ban eua nhan each thie'u nien, t i dd sang Ipc duge eac di'u hieu, cie vin dd cin quan tam d ting hpc sinh eu thd nhu cac vin dd vd nang lyc hpc tap, kha nang kidm soat hay mil kidm soit hinh vi, cac hanh vi chdng dd'i xa hdi, cae di'u hieu rd'i loiin chic nang lidn quan ddn gia dinh, cic va'n dd vd cim xue, tieh biet xa hpi, thie'u hut ky nang xa hdi Viec sang Ipc dd phat hien dupe eie hoc sinh cd cic vin dd dd he't sic cin thiet eho edng vide eua nha tam ly hpc tru&ng hpc hoac tam ly hpc lam sing Ti ke't qua sing Ipc, sd hpc sinh cd nhtmg va'n dd se dupe ehi y dd can thiep Trong pham vi bii bao, chung tdi chi trinh bay va phan tich kdt qua s i dung bang kiem PIY dd dinh gii sing Ipc nhin each hpc sinh trdn mdt sd thang cua bing kidm cho tha'y ing dung cua thang danh gia sang Ipc nhin each Khach the va phirong phap nghien ciru Khdch the nghien cieu: 33 hpc sinh Idp trudng THCS Minh Khai, Ha Ndi Mdi hgc sinh dupe gin mpt ma sd (ID) Trie nghidm duoc tien hinh tren mdt lop thudc khd'i dupe ehpn ngiu nhidn Phuang phdp nghien citu: s i dung bang kidm ke nhan each lhanh thie'u nidn dd danh gia sang loc, t i dd phit hien cic di'u hieu ein quan tam hpc sinh Dinh gii ting hpc sinh bang bang kidm, didn giii ke't qua eho timg hoc sinh eu thd Sd lieu thd'ng ke duoc tdng hop lai ti tat ca trudmg hpp dugc danh gii Gidi thieu bdng kiem ke nhdn cdch - PIY Bang kiem ke nhan each thieu nien la mpt cpng cy da chidu, khach quan, dupe s i dung dd danh gia nhan each hpc sinh t i den 18 tudi Bang kidm dugc phat tridn trdn co sd PIC-R (Personality Inventory for Children revised: Bang kidm ke nhan each dinh cho tre em - ban ehinh sia) Irong thdi gian nam bdi cae tie gia David Lachar vi Christian Gruber tai Truang Dai hpc Y thudc Dai hpc Texas - My PIC - R da ed Ijch su 35 nam, vdi sd lupt s i dung dinh gia lim sing hon trieu lupt (3) Tuy nhien, PIY la mdt bing kidm ddc lip vdi cae thudc tinh ludng dat cha't lupng rieng PIY tap Irung vio viae dinh gii sy didu chinh hinh vi va xic cam, ti'nh chat quan he gia dinh, sy tuong tac cua hgc sinh, su didu chinh nha tru&ng vi nang hpc tap Nhttng dinh gia vd kha nang didu chinh tam Iy va cie thang lam sing, cac tidu thang lien quan den cic chieu ki'ch hinh vi vi xic cam cd van dd ein cd cac danh gii bd sung Ciu true cua bing kidm: TAP CHITAM L? HOC, Sd (168), - 2013 39 - Bing kidm bao gdm 270 item v6i phuong in tri l&i: dung - sai, dupe dien dirt phi hpp vdi trinh dd dpc hidu cia hpc sinh Idp trd ldn - Bang kidm bao gdm nhdm thang do: -I- Thang hieu lue vdi tidu thang: Hieu luc (validity), Khdng dn djnh (inconsistency), Ty ve (Defensivness), Che di'u - gii vd (Dissimulation) -I- Thang lam sang vi eac tidu thang bao gdm: Tieu thang Thang ISm sang Ky hieu COG veil kem v^ nhan thiic Trf nh6 va k^t qua hpc tap kem COGl Kha nang khOng phD hop C0G2 va'n di hoc tap C0G3 Xa'c xuoc ADHl Bdc ddng, tang ddng ADH2 Xung dpng ADH3 Hanh vi chdng ddi xa hpi DLQl Mai kie'm soat DLQ2 Khong tuan thCi DLQ3 Xung dpt cha me cai FAMl Kem di^u chinh ciia cha me FAM2 Bai hoa hPn nhan FAM3 Cam giac bi ghet bo RLTl Ao giac, hoang tuong RLT2 Hpi chiing tam the SOMl ADH B6c ddng {ha'p la'p, xung d6ng} va khd ki^m soat DLQ Pham phap FAM R6i loan chiic nang gia ttinh RLT Tie'p nhan hien thac sai ISch SOM Nghi benh 40 TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd (168), 3-2013 Tang truang luc co va lo hai S0M2 Am anh boi benh lilt S0M3 So hai va cang thang, lo lang DI.S1 Trtim cam D1S2 DIS Khong ihoai mai v6 tam ly Mat ngu D1S3 WDL N€ Iranh xa hOi Hudng nOi xiT hOi WDLl Tach biei WDL2 Vi the' Irong nhom ban hiin che SSKl Xung dot vOi ban be SSK2 SSK Thid'ii hut ky nang xa h6i Ket qua nghien ciiru Trucfc tien hanli XLT ly di^m cua lirng iioc sinh Iheo cac ihang lam sang va tieu thang de diln giai ket qua, thang hieu luc v6i tidu thang duoc xii ly trudc Ket qua cua thang hieu luc xac nhan du" lieu thu dirac cua tiing bang ki^m la co the sir dung dugc cho viec di6n giai ket qua 3.1 Ke't qud thang nhgn thitc: COGl vd COG2 Tieu thang Diem chuan - T-score Binh thiriyng Cao N N % Tdng (%) % COGl 30 90j9 9,1 C0G2 28 84,9 15,1 ^ 100 100 Ghi cllli • diem T-score Id diem chudn difgc chuyen lif diem tho ciia ket qua ddnh gid lifiig cd nhdn N - sd lugng hgc sinh T-score > 65 duac coi la diem eao K6i qua ciia tieu thang COGl cho thay: co hgc sinh co ket qua hoc tap kem khong co d6ng co hoc tap, tri nh6 kem, thu6ng gap kho khan voi mon toan Trong cac hpc sinh lai khong gap phai va'n de Ket qua cua tiing hoc sinh cu the da dugc ma hoa (ID7 vcfi T-score T = 66, IDS T-score = 66 va ID29 v6i T-score = 68), cho phep nha tam ly hoc tru6ng hoc co thi xac TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd (168), - 2013 dinh duoc hoc sinh cu thd, tir dd sir dung cac phuong phap danh gia va chin doin siu hon, dd dd phuong an hd tro Tidu thang C0G2: sd 33 hoc sinh duge dinh gia ed hoc sinh (ID 1, 5, 17, 30, 31) cd didm T-score eao lire li eie hoe sinh gap phai eac vin dd lien quan den tu dinh gii ban than hoc lip thip; co xu hudng phii nhan nang lire eiia ban thiin hoiie nhin bidt ket qua hoc tip eiia ban thin xiu ro ret, tu phS phan cao Dinh gii chung tren tdng thd nghien ciru, sd luong hoc sinh cd vin dd vd nhan thu-c li khOng cao 9% - 15% Day li ty IS luong duong vdi phin bd eia trie nghiem tren miu thiet kd (norm) cua bang kidm (3) 3.2 Thang hdnh vi bpt phdt, thie'u kiem che Diem chuan - T-score Tieu thang N Tong Cao Binh thutmg % N % (%) ADHl 3) 94 100 ADH2 30 90,9 9,1 100 Gill chii: diem T-scoi e id diem chudn dicgc chuyen lit diem ihd cua kei qua ddnh gid tirng ca nhdn T-scoi e > 65 dugc col Id diem cao N - so lugng hgc sinh Tidu thang ADHl ed hai trudng hgp co diem sd cao (ID28 vdi Tscore = 75 vi ID29 vdi T-score = 66) Nhiing tru&ng hgp cd diem sd cao cho tha'y, hgc sinh cd xu hudng la ming, lin at, lim ve manh me giao tidp vdi ngudi khic Nhirng hgc sinh niy thudng duoc ngudi khac tiep nhan nhu nhiing hgc sinh khd doin dinh, hay gSy phidn toil Ke't qua ciia tidu thang ADH2 cho bidt su thieu kiem ehe, hanh vi xung dgng, thieu kien tri, khdng ehu y ciia hgc sinh Ke't qua la ciia ID24 vdl T-score = 70 va ID29 vdi T-score = 77 va ID8 vdi T-score = 66 Day la didm rit cao cho thiy kha nang kiem che' ciia ciic hge sinh niy rit kem Day la yeu td riii ro cugc sdng eiia hgc sinh: cd thd din den ke't qua hgc tap thap va cae hinh vi kem kidm soit xay thuong xuyen Xet vd ty le thdng ke sd lugng hgc sinh niy li khong nhidu nhimg cin cd sir quan tam ciia giio vien va nha tam ly hgc truang hgc 3.3 Tieu thang hdnh vi tudn thii quy dinh Ke't qui tidu thang DLQl cho thiy, hgc sinh khdng cd cic di'u hieu cin quan tam Viec tuan thil cic quy tic cila trudng hgc b hgc sinh la tdt Tuy nhien, kdt qua DLQ2 ed mdt trudng hcfp cin luu y vdi T-score = 83 diem Diy 42 TAP CHi TAM L? HOC, Sd (168), 3-2013 li diem sd rat eao Nd eho thiy hgc sinh khdng cd kha nang bdc 10 cic xue cam ciia ban than mgt each hgp ly, dac biet la cac xiic cam tieu cue, vay hgc sinh ed nhiing hanh vi khdng dugc kidm soat Hgc sinh niy cung dd bdc lg su giin do, khdng cd kha nang dap img tdt vdi cie quy tic tit ben ngoai Hgc sinh ed quan he khdng dn dinh vdi ban va quan he khdng thuan loi Hoe sinh ed masdID28 Tieu thang N Diem chuan - T- score Binh thirimg Cao N % Tdng (%) % DLQl 33 too 0 DLQ2 32 97 ,3 , 100 100 Ghi chu: diem T-score Id dietn chudn difffc chuyen tif diem tho cua ke'i qud ddnh gid fifng cd nhdn N- sd'lifgng hoc sinh T-score > 65 difac cot Id diem cao 3.4 Tieu thang cdc vdn de gia dinh Tieu thang Diem chuan - T- score Binh thudng Cao N N % •Tdng % (%) FAMl 31 94 100 FAM2 31 94 100 Ghi chu diem T-score Id diem chudn dugc chuyen td diem Ihd cua kei qud ddnh gid ning cd nhdn T-score > 65 dugc coi Id diem cao N - so'lugng hpc sinh Tidu thang FAMl cho thiy, trudng hgp (ID28 vi ID29) ed didm eao cin quan tim Diem sd tuong fing la 71 vi 67 Didm sd cao eho thay ed xung dgt gia dinh giQa phu huynh vi hgc sinh Quan he gia dinh khdng thuan Igi Hge sinh cam thiy cha me khdng hidu minh va khdng dugc quan tam Phu huynh thudng xuyen tire gian vdi hgc sinh, kem chiu dung hoic nghiem khic vdi hgc sinh mdt eich thii qui tuong tie Vdi hai trudng hdp niy, nhi tam ly hgc trudng hgc cin tie'p xue, tim hieu hoan canh gia dinh cua hge sinh vi tim each tie'p can vdi phu huynh dd tim hieu siu hon eac xung dot gia dinh, til dd lira chgn cic each tic ddng phu hgp Tieu thang FAM2 eho thiy, cha me kem didu ehinh hoac ving nhi thudng xuyen Khdng ed su thd'ng nhit giao due gitta phu huynh Bd ed thd udng rugu nhidu, ddng thdi kem didu chinh xue cim ID28 vi ID29 cd T-score cao TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd (168), 3-2013 43 Rit dang luu y la hgc sinh vdi ID28 cd didm thang vd rdi loan cic chile nang gia dinh cao, didm thang vd hinh vi khdng tuin thu cung eao Hgc sinh vdi ID29 cd didm thang chile nang gia dinh eao vi thidu kha nang kidm che eung cao Cd thd hinh gii thuyet vd mdi quan he gitta cic ydu td nay: ydu td gia dinh vdi tu cich li yeu td tim ly xi hdi tie ddng den dac didm hanh vi va xiic earn cia hge sinh Cic trudng hgp eu thd niy ein duge het sire quan tam 3.5 Thang tiep nhgn Men thifc Tieu thang Diem chuan - T- score Cao Binh thudng N N % Tong % (%) RLTl 32 97 100 RLT2 32 97 100 Ghi chii: diem T-score Id die'm chudn dugc chuyen til diem tho ciia kel qud ddnh gid lirng ca nhdn T- score > 65 dugc coi Id diem cao N - so tuong hgc sinh Thang RTLl cd mgt trudng hgp cd diem sd cao (ID7 vdi T-score = 67) Ke't qui cho thay, hgc sinh cam nhin ban than khic biet vdi hge sinh khic thdng thudng, hanh vi, suy nghT lin lgn, khdng binh thudng Trudng hgp cin quan tim tim hidu vi chin doan siu: hgc sinh ed di'u hieu cia viec tri giie hien thuc sai leeh hay khdng hoac cd di'u hieu ciia hoang tudng hay khdng Thang RLT2 ed hgc sinh ed didm sd cao (ID28 vdi T-score = 79) Hgc sinh ed xu hudng hidu sai hinh vi va ddng co eiia ngudi khic Cd cic trai nghiem lien quan de'n rdi nhidu xue cim Trudng hdp cin dugc tidp tuc dinh gia lim sang cin trgng 3.6 Thang su thodi mdi tdm ly Tieu thang Diem chuan - T- score Binh thudng Cao N N % Tdng % (%) DISl 32 97 100 D1S2 31 94 too Ghi chit: diem T-score Id diem chudn dugc chuyen til diem tho cita kei qua ddnh gid titng cd nhdn T-score > 65 duoc coi Id diem cao N - sd luong hoc sinh Tieu thang DISl cd mdt trudng hgp cd didm sd cao (ID 28) thd hien su lo hai, khdng thoai mil vd tim ly So sinh vdi cic ke't qua cua hgc sinh niy (ID 44 TAP CHiTAM LY HOC, Sd (168), - 2013 28) theo cae thang neu tren cd thd thiy hgc sinh cd nhidu van de vd hanh vi, vd tuong tie vi xiie cam Hge sinh ed hanh vi ilng K\X bd ngoai vdi ve manh me bit cin, nhung thire dd li ke't qui ciia sir kem kidm chd, sir lo hai ben vi cd thd cd ngudn gdc tir eie vin dd gia dinh Tidu thang DIS2 cd trudng hgp cd didm cao (1D26 va ID32) Kdt qua the hien su bi quan, tim trang tieu cue, tu dinh gii thi'p bin than vi cd inh hudng tdi viec an udng Cd di'u hieu ciia viSc in udng khdng ngon mieng 3.7 Tieu thang vi thd nhdm bgn vd xung dpt vdi bgn be Tieu thang N Diem chuan - T- score Binh thudng Cao N % Tdng % (%) SSKl 18 27 82 100 SSK2 32 97 100 Ghi chii: diem T-score Id diem chudn dugc chuyen I if diem thd cda ket qud ddnh gid tiing cd nhdn T- score > 65 difoc coi Id diem cao N - so'lugng hoc sinh Tiiix thang SSKl cho ket qua ra't dang Imi y: co tdi 27 hoc sinh co diem cao Diem T-score cao nha't = 91 Ket qua canh bao da'u hiSu ve cac xiic cam tieu cue hoc sinh Hpc sinh co cam nhSn khfing dugc thau hieu, bi quan, dau kho, tuyet vpng, thieu tir tin vao ban than Tuy vay, kd't qua khong qua dac biSt No phan anh diing tam trang va cam nhan ciia liia tu6i hoc smh THCS, Ilia tudi dang co khiing hoang ve tu nhan thiic, nhu cau dugc chia se, thiia nhan va giao tie'p ra't Icm K6't qua cho tha'y, moi tru5ng giao tiep nhom ban ciia hpc sinh chua thuan loi Dieu dat thach thiic d6'i vdi nha tam ly hoc trudng hpc va giao vien nha trucfng trung hpc co scf dugc nghien ciiu Tidu thang SSK2 hpc sinh co ma s6' 28 v6i didm T = 70 Diem cao ciia thang cho tha'y hpc sinh co xung ddt v6i ban, kho ket ban va kha nang trt quan h6 v6i ban kem, bi ban be tit chdi Vi vay, hpc sinh khdng thoa man v6i quan he ban be He qua la hpc sinh co xu hu6ng du6i theo, tim kiem cac quan h6 v6i ngu6i 16n 3.8 Tieu thang hgi chieng tdm the, tdng truang luc CG vd lo hdi Tiin thang SOM I va S0M2 cho tha'y, ta't ca hpc sinh duoc danh gia khdng CO cac d&u hieu dang quan tam vi nghi benh hay lo lang ve benh tat Ilia tu6i thieu niSn, dang th5i ky phat trien manh ve thi cha't, d tre co su phat tridn khdng d6ng ddu, nhien cac da'u hieu thd ch^lt it dugc hpc sinh TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, So (168), - 2013 45 quan tam va dl dang qua di nhanh chong (1) Do vay, viec hoc sinh khdng co cac da'u hiSu lo ldng va nghi ng6 vd siic khoe cua ban than la cd thd giai thich dugc Tieu thang Diem chuan - T-score Cao Binh thudng N N % Tdng % (%) SOMl 33 100 0 too S0M2 33 100 0 too Ghi elm: diem T-score ia diem chudn dugc chuyen Id diem Iho ciia kei qud ddidi gid ldng cd nhdn T- score > 65 dugc coi Id diem cao N - so lugng hoc sinh Ket luan Ke't qui dinh gia sing lgc nhin each cho tha'y sd hoc sinh trung hgc CO sd dugc dinh gii cd mdt sd hge sinh cd nhirng bidu hien cin quan tam lien quan de'n nhan thirc vi hgc tap, kha ning kidm ehe xiic cim va hinh vi, cac va'n dd gia dinh vi quan he gia dinh, cic xiic cam tieu cue vi quan he ban be d mgt hgc sinh ed thd ed vin de ein quan tim lien quan de'n mdt hoic mdt vii mat nao dd ciia nhan eich Tren ed sd ciia ket qui danh gia sang loc, nhi tim ly hgc trudng hgc cd thd dinh hudng eho cic cdng viec tiep theo ddi vdi eie hgc sinh dd Die biet cin chu y den hge sinh vdi 1D28 Hgc sinh cd didm sd eao phin ldn cie thang do, cho thiy mdt nhan cich phirc tap can chin doin vi danh gii siu hon Co thd sir dung bing kiem ke nhin each PIY dd dinh gii nhan each vdi muc dich sing Igc eie di'u hieu can quan tam phuc vu cho viec td chirc ngin ngira hoac td ehirc cie hoat ddng can thiep phii hgp Viee dinh gii nhin cich sing lgc bing PIY eho phdp nhin bie't duge cac mat, cic chidu da dang cia nhin each hgc sinh De lim rd cac diu hieu da phat hien duoc, nha tam ly hoc cin su dung nhidu phuong phip va ky thuat khic dd thu thip cic thdng tin bd sung Kdt qui danh gii khdng thd dem lai mgt ket luin chi'nh xic va lap tuc nhung iid cho phep lien kd't cic du lieu dd hinh thinh cic gia thuyet vd nhin cich cu thd, tir dd nha tim ly hgc xic dinh duoc dinh hudng dd lim viec tidp theo Taj lieu tham khao Nguyen Van Dong, Tdm ly hgc phdt trien, NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia, 2004 TiSn Trong Thuy, Khoa hgc chdn dodn tdm ly NXB Giao due, 2000 David Lachar and Christian Gruber, Personality Invenloiy for youth Western psychological service, Los Angeles, 2004 46 TAP CHI'TAM L? HOC, Sd (168), - 2013 ... so'lugng hoc sinh Tiiix thang SSKl cho ket qua ra't dang Imi y: co tdi 27 hoc sinh co diem cao Diem T-score cao nha't = 91 Ket qua canh bao da'u hiSu ve cac xiic cam tieu cue hoc sinh Hpc sinh co... dugc coi Id diem cao N - so lugng hoc sinh Ket luan Ke't qui dinh gia sing lgc nhin each cho tha'y sd hoc sinh trung hgc CO sd dugc dinh gii cd mdt sd hge sinh cd nhirng bidu hien cin quan tam... eho thiy hgc sinh khdng cd kha nang bdc 10 cic xue cam ciia ban than mgt each hgp ly, dac biet la cac xiic cam tieu cue, vay hgc sinh ed nhiing hanh vi khdng dugc kidm soat Hgc sinh niy cung